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Yang HB, Song JY, Xu C, Li J, Zhang C, Xie S, Teng CL. Interventional effects of Pueraria oral liquid on T2DM rats and metabolomics analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116780. [PMID: 38781864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata, commonly known as kudzu, is a medicinal and food plant widely used in the food, health food, and pharmaceutical industries. It has clinical pharmacological effects, including hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, its mechanism of hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we prepared a Pueraria lobata oral liquid (POL) and conducted a comparative study in a T2DM rat model to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different doses of Pueraria lobata oral liquid. Our objective was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Puerarin on T2DM rats and understand its mechanism from the perspective of metabolomics. In this study, we assessed the hypoglycemic effect of POL through measurements of FBG, fasting glucose tolerance test, plasma lipids, and liver injury levels. Furthermore, we examined the mechanism of action of POL using hepatic metabolomics. The study's findings demonstrated that POL intervention led to improvements in weight loss, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels in T2DM rats, while also providing a protective effect on the liver. Finally, POL significantly affected the types and amounts of hepatic metabolites enriched in metabolic pathways, providing an important basis for revealing the molecular mechanism of Pueraria lobata intervention in T2DM rats. These findings indicate that POL may regulate insulin levels, reduce liver damage, and improve metabolic uptake in the liver. This provides direction for new applications and research on Pueraria lobata to prevent or improve T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Yang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Jie-Yu Song
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Chan Xu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Jin Li
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Chan Zhang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Jiandee Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Sun Xie
- Guizhou Jiandee Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Chun-Li Teng
- Guizhou Jiandee Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China.
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de Freitas RN, da Silva LGL, Fiais GA, Ferreira DSDB, Veras ASC, Teixeira GR, Oliveira SHP, Dornelles RCM, Nakamune ACDMS, Fakhouri WD, Chaves-Neto AH. Alterations in salivary biochemical composition and redox state disruption induced by the anticonvulsant valproic acid in male rat salivary glands. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105805. [PMID: 37741048 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) on salivary glands in male rat using biochemical, functional, histomorphometric, and redox state parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 8 per group): Control (0.9% saline solution), VPA100 (100 mg/kg), and VPA400 (400 mg/kg). After 21 consecutive days of treatment with by intragastric gavage. Pilocarpine-induced saliva was collected to determine salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and biochemical composition. Analyses of histomorphometric parameters and redox balance markers were performed on the parotid and submandibular glands. RESULTS Salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, total protein, potassium, sodium, and chloride were similar between groups. However, phosphate and calcium were reduced in VPA400, while amylase was increased in both VPA100 and VPA400. We did not detect significant differences in the areas of acini, ducts, and connective tissue in the salivary glands between the groups. There were no significant changes in the redox status of the submandibular glands. In turn, in the parotid glands we detected reduced total oxidizing capacity and lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and higher uric acid concentration in both the VPA100 and VPA400 groups, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the VPA400 group. CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with VPA modified the salivary biochemical composition and caused disruption in the redox state of the parotid gland in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayara Nogueira de Freitas
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências - Saúde Bucal da Criança, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Alice Fiais
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências - Saúde Bucal da Criança, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Correa Basurto AM, Tamay Cach F, Jarillo Luna RA, Cabrera Pérez LC, Correa Basurto J, García Dolores F, Mendieta Wejebe JE. Hepatotoxic Evaluation of N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propylpentanamide: A Novel Derivative of Valproic Acid for the Treatment of Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:6282. [PMID: 37687111 PMCID: PMC10488843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug that has various therapeutic applications; however, it has been associated with liver damage. Furthermore, it is interesting to propose new compounds derived from VPA as N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA). The HO-AAVPA has better antiproliferative activity than the VPA in different cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the liver injury of HO-AAVPA by acute treatment (once administration) and repeated doses for 7 days under intraperitoneal administration. The median lethal dose value (LD50) was determined in rats and mice (females and males) using OECD Guideline 425. In the study, male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7), G1: control (without treatment), G2: vehicle, G3: VPA (500 mg/kg), and G4: HO-AAVPA (708 mg/kg, in equimolar ratio to VPA). Some biomarkers related to hepatotoxicity were evaluated. In addition, macroscopic and histological studies were performed. The LD50 value of HO-AAVPA was greater than 2000 mg/kg. Regarding macroscopy and biochemistry, the HO-AAVPA does not induce liver injury according to the measures of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities. Comparing the treatment with HO-AAVPA and VPA did not show a significant difference with the control group, while malondialdehyde and glutathione-reduced levels in the group treated with HO-AAVPA were close to those of the control (p ≤ 0.05). The histological study shows that liver lesions caused by HO-AAVPA were less severe compared with VPA. Therefore, it is suggested that HO-AAVPA does not induce hepatotoxicity at therapeutic doses, considering that in the future it could be proposed as an antineoplastic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Correa Basurto
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Feliciano Tamay Cach
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Adriana Jarillo Luna
- Laboratorio de Morfología, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Laura Cristina Cabrera Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Bioprocesos, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, La Laguna Ticoman, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico
| | - José Correa Basurto
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Fernando García Dolores
- Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses de la Ciudad de México, Av. Niños Héroes 130. Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Jessica Elena Mendieta Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
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Park JE, Son J, Seo Y, Han JS. HM-Chromanone Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091951. [PMID: 35565920 PMCID: PMC9101766 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (HMC) on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were investigated in diabetic mice. Mice were separated into three groups: db/db, rosiglitazone and HMC. Blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin values in HMC-treated mice were significantly lower compared to db/db mice. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride values were lower, and HDL-C levels were higher, in the HMC group compared to the diabetic and rosiglitazone groups. HMC markedly increased IRS-1Tyr612, AktSer473 and PI3K levels and plasma membrane GLUT4 levels in skeletal muscle, suggesting improved insulin resistance. HMC also significantly stimulated AMPKThr172 and PPARα in the liver, and ameliorated dyslipidemia by inhibiting SREBP-1c and FAS. Consequently, HMC reduced hyperglycemia by improving the expression of insulin-resistance-related genes and improved dyslipidemia by regulating fatty acid synthase and oxidation-related genes in db/db mice. Therefore, HMC could ameliorate hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jaemin Son
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2836; Fax: +82-51-583-3648
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Singh D, Gupta S, Verma I, Morsy MA, Nair AB, Ahmed ASF. Hidden pharmacological activities of valproic acid: A new insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112021. [PMID: 34463268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an approved drug for managing epileptic seizures, bipolar disorders, and migraine. VPA has been shown to elevate the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain through competitive inhibition of GABA transaminase, thus promoting the availability of synaptic GABA and facilitating GABA-mediated responses. VPA, which is a small chain of fatty acids, prevents histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs play a crucial role in chromatin remodeling and gene expression through posttranslational changes of chromatin-associated histones. Recent studies reported a possible effect of VPA against particular types of cancers. This effect was partially attributed to its role in regulating epigenetic modifications through the inhibition of HDACs, which affect the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current information on the actions of VPA in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, kidney disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Inderjeet Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Hussein AM, Awadalla A, Abbas KM, Sakr HF, Elghaba R, Othman G, Mokhtar N, Helal GM. Chronic valproic acid administration enhances oxidative stress, upregulates IL6 and downregulates Nrf2, Glut1 and Glut4 in rat's liver and brain. Neuroreport 2021; 32:840-850. [PMID: 34050116 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a powerful antiepileptic drug that was associated with several neurological and hepatic problems especially with increasing its dose and duration. These problems may be metabolic in origin and related to glucose homeostasis. So, the present study investigated the effect of different doses and durations of VPA on the expression of glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut4), oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) in the liver and specific brain regions. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three equal groups: (1) saline group, (2) 200 mg VPA group and (3) 400 mg VPA group. By the end of experiments, the expressions of Glut1, Glut4 nuclear factor erythroid-like 2 related factor (Nrf2), IL-6 and oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH)] in the liver, corpus striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum were assessed. We found that administration of VPA (200 mg and 400 mg) caused a significant decrease in the Glut1 and Glut4 expression in different tissues in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Also, VPA (200 and 400 mg) caused a significant increase in MDA with a decrease in GSH in tissues at different times. Moreover, VPA (200 and 400 mg) caused significant upregulation in IL-6 expression and downregulation in Nrf2 expression (P < 0.01). The results suggest that increasing the dose and time of VPA therapy downregulates Glut1 and Glut4 in the liver and brain which may impair glucose uptake in these tissues. This effect was associated with enhanced oxidative stress, downregulation of nrf2 and upregulation of IL-6 in liver and brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center
| | - Khaled M Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hussein F Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rasha Elghaba
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Gamal Othman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al Maarefa University
| | - Naglaa Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al Maarefa University
| | - Ghada M Helal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Chemical Group Profiling, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Aristolochia ringens on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6679185. [PMID: 34194523 PMCID: PMC8203400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6679185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global scourge, and there is a continuous search for novel compounds as viable alternatives to synthetic drugs which are often accompanied by severe adverse effects. Aristolochia ringens is among the scientifically implicated botanicals effective in the management of several degenerative diseases including DM. The current study evaluated the inhibitory mechanism(s) of root extract of A. ringens on α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro and in silico, while its constituents were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric technique. The extract had concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the study enzymes, and the inhibition compared well with that of standard drug (acarbose) with respective IC50 values of 0.67 mg/mL (α-amylase) and 0.57 mg/mL (α-glucosidase) compared with that of the extract (0.63 and 0.54 mg/mL). The extract competitively and uncompetitively inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Of the identified compounds, dianoside G (−12.4, −12.5 kcal/mol) and trilobine (−10.0, −10.0 kcal/mol) had significant interactions with α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, while magnoflorine and asiatic acid also interacted keenly with both enzymes, with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide and strictosidine showing better affinity towards α-glucosidase. These observations are suggestive of involvement of these compounds as probable ligands contributing to antidiabetic potential of the extract. While studies are underway to demystify the yet to be identified compounds in the extract, the data presented have lent scientific credence to the acclaimed in vivo antidiabetic potential of the extract and suggested it as a viable source of oral hypoglycaemic agent.
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Khan D, Sharif A, Zafar M, Akhtar B, Akhtar MF, Awan S. Delonix regia a Folklore Remedy for Diabetes; Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1059-1069. [PMID: 32065099 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200217112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The folkloric profile of Delonix regia demonstrates that it can be used in the management of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of the aerial part extracts of Delonix regia and their antidiabetic potential along with improvement in oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents along with in-vitro antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities were determined. HPLC analysis, acute toxicity, glucose tolerance, in-vivo antidiabetic effect along with the influence on biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, and comet assay of the active extract were performed and assessed. RESULTS Total phenolic (831.6±0.002 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (361.4±0.002 mg/g QE) contents were found to be higher in the methanolic extract. Inhibitory concentration IC50 indicated better results for the methanolic extract in DPPH (47.6μg/mL) and alpha-amylase inhibitory (14.61μg/mL) assays. HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract confirmed the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Acute oral toxicity exhibited no mortality and morbidity during the 24h period. The methanolic extract showed better tolerance to glucose. Streptozotocin- nicotinamide (55-110 mg/kg) induced hyperglycemia declined along with improvement in hematological, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, H202) in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum effect was recorded at 500mg/kg dose. Comet assay was performed for genotoxic studies and it was observed that the methanolic extract of Delonix regia showed the maximum genoprotective effect at 100μg/mL. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the methanolic aerial part extract of Delonix regia exhibited hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities. The antidiabetic effect was comparable to glibenclamide suggesting its therapeutic use as a natural anti-diabetic remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darosham Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehroz Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripah International University, Lahore Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Awan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hsu SW, Hsu PC, Chang WS, Yu CC, Wang YC, Yang JS, Tsai FJ, Chen KY, Tsai CW, Bau DT. Protective effects of valproic acid on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuroinjury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:840-848. [PMID: 32167238 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play critically important roles in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a physiological neurotoxin reported to induce oxidative-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in PD mice models. Valproic acid (VPA), a clinical mood stabilizer, is a HDAC inhibitor with neuroprotective capacities. In the study, we aim at examining the feasibility of VPA as a protector for dopaminergic neurons against damage from 6-OHDA, and the intracellular mechanisms. The 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity to the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y was applied for examining VPA protective effects. Pretreatment with VPA was able to improve cell viability and reduce 6-OHDA-induced reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, a significant suppression of apoptotic caspases including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 was observed. The results also revealed VPA decreased the 6-OHDA-induced Bax/Bcl2 ratio, as measured at protein level. These novel findings indicate that VPA may be capable of protecting the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity via the deceasing of apoptotic caspases (cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9) and reducing of the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Very possibly, VPA could serve as not only a mood stabilizer but also a potential antidote for PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Kusumastuti K, Jaeri S. The effect of long-term valproic acid treatment in the level of total cholesterol among adult. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:134-137. [PMID: 32565601 PMCID: PMC7282689 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_655_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VA) is the antiepileptic, antimigraine and anti-mental disturbances agent. The use of VA is correlated to metabolic rearrangements including changes of lipoproteins; however, these effects still in debate. Herewith we analyze the effect of long-term VA treatment in the level of total cholesterol among adult. Sixty (30 case groups and 30 control groups) participants were asked for venous blood collection to examine the level of total cholesterol by enzymatic cholesterol oxidase phenol 4-aminoantipyrine peroxidase. The relationship of the long-term VA treatment and the level of total cholesterol was obtained from the analysis using the logistic regression analysis. Our analysis depicts that there is a relationship between the long-term VA treatment and the level of total cholesterol (P=0.024, odds ratio 0.272, 95% confidence interval 0.088–0.844). in conclusion, the long-term VA treatment reduces the level of total cholesterol in adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnia Kusumastuti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Santoso Jaeri
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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11
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Liu B, Jia Z, Li C, Chen J, Fang T. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic activities of crude polysaccharides from abalone viscera. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2524-2534. [PMID: 32405408 PMCID: PMC7215218 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic activities of the crude polysaccharides extracted from abalone viscera (AVCP). The major functional groups of purified polysaccharides were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Male Kunming mice (SPF) were divided into six groups and were treated with normal diet or high-fat diet with AVCP or Xuezhikang (hypotensive drug) for 5 weeks. Physicochemnical analysis of AVCP showed the presence of 60.4% polysaccharides, 17.9% protein, 6.0% fat and 10.9% moisture. The IR analysis of AVP showed the presence of functional groups of sugar moiety and sulfate groups. The results demonstrated that AVCP not only led to significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in plasma, but also to significant increments of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. However, AVCP played no role in mice weight. Furthermore, the results of the photomicrograph of liver tissue showed that AVCP reduced lipid droplets and prevented the disordered structure of the liver. The results suggested that AVCP exhibited significantly hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxiong Liu
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhen Jia
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Changcheng Li
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education: Fujian‐Taiwan Featured Marine Food Processing and Nutritional HealthFuzhouChina
| | - Jinquan Chen
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education: Fujian‐Taiwan Featured Marine Food Processing and Nutritional HealthFuzhouChina
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12
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Wang L, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X. Polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruit Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia and Regulates Colon Microbiota in Diabetic db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:147-159. [PMID: 31826616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide (RTFP) isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit on type-2 diabetic db/db mice. The results indicated that the oral administration of RTFP could significantly decrease the body weight, fat, and liver hypertrophy and the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum lipids of the db/db mice. Histopathological observation showed that RTFP could effectively protect the pancreas, liver, and epididymal fat against damage and dysfunction. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) were significantly down-regulated in the liver of db/db mice after treatment with RTFP. Moreover, RTFP treatment reversed gut dysbiosis by lowering the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria including Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroidaceae S24-7 group, and Lactobacillaceae. These findings suggest that RTFP can be used as a promising functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 45001 , Henan , China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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13
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Yuan K, Jin SH, Fang JL, Jia SS, Lin Y. Extraction, purification, content analysis and hypoglycemic effect of mulberry marc anthocyanin. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_169_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Chen Z, Li W, Guo Q, Xu L, Santhanam RK, Gao X, Chen Y, Wang C, Panichayupakaranant P, Chen H. Anthocyanins from dietary black soybean potentiate glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells via up-regulating phosphorylated Akt and GLUT4. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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15
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Zhang L, Qin Q, Liu M, Zhang X, He F, Wang G. Akkermansia muciniphila can reduce the damage of gluco/lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation, and normalize intestine microbiota in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4972761. [PMID: 29668928 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how Akkermansia muciniphila can implicate type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms underlying the effects A. muciniphila on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with A. muciniphila and solvent. After 4 weeks of treatment, diabetic rats orally administered with live or pasteurized A. muciniphila exhibited significant increase in the blood concentration of high-density lipoprotein, and decrease in the hepatic glycogen, serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide, malondialdehyde and total glucagon-like peptide-1. Moreover, diabetic rats orally administered with A. muciniphila showed significantly increased species alpha diversity and gene function in gut microbes. These results indicated that A. muciniphila can improve liver function, reduce gluco/lipotoxicity, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation and normalize intestine microbiota of the host animal, thereby ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Akkermansia muciniphila might be considered as one of the ideal new probiotics used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Manni Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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16
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Liu P, Xue J, Tong S, Dong W, Wu P. Structure Characterization and Hypoglycaemic Activities of Two Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. Molecules 2018; 23:E1948. [PMID: 30081555 PMCID: PMC6222507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two polysaccharides (HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S) were isolated and purified from Inonotus obliquus using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The structural characterization and in vitro and in vivo hypoglycaemic activities of these molecules were investigated. HPLC analysis HIOP1-S was a heterpolysaccharide with glucose and galactose as the main compontent monosaccharides (50.247%, molar percentages). However, HIOP2-S was a heterpolysaccharide with glucose as the main monosaccharide (49.881%, molar percentages). The average molecular weights of HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S were 13.6 KDa and 15.2 KDa, respectively. The β-type glycosidic bond in HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S was determined using infrared analysis. ¹H-NMR spectra indicated that HIOP2-S contains the β-configuration glycosidic bond, and the glycoside bonds of HIOP1-S are both α-type and β-type. The ultraviolet scanning showed that both HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S contained a certain amount of binding protein. Congo red test showed that HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S could form a regular ordered triple helix structure in the neutral and weakly alkaline range. HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and increased the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells. In addition, Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycaemic mice were used to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic effects of HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S in vivo. The results showed that HIOP2-S had antihyperglycaemic effects. Taken together, these results suggest that HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S have potential anti-diabetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiao Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shisheng Tong
- Bio-Pharmaceutical College, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Wenxia Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Jining 273165, China.
| | - Peipei Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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17
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Omolekulo TE, Areola ED, Badmus OO, Michael OS, Kim I, Olatunji LA. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase by valproic acid abates hepatic triglyceride accumulation independent of corticosteroids in female rats treated with estrogen-progestin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1092-1103. [PMID: 30001502 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated circulating uric acid has been postulated to play an important pathophysiological role in estrogen-progestin combined oral contraceptive (COC)-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that disruption of glucoregulation and liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation induced by COC use would be abated by valproic acid (VPA) treatment through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. Female Wistar rats aged 9-10 weeks were treated with a combination of estrogen-progestin COC steroids (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; p.o.) with or without VPA (100.0 mg/kg; p.o.) daily for 6 weeks. The result shows that the disrupted glucoregulation and associated elevated hepatic ADA activity, plasma and hepatic XO activity, uric acid (UA), TG/HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde induced by COC treatment were attenuated by VPA treatment. However, VPA did not have any effect on plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, ADA, circulating and hepatic free fatty acid. Our results demonstrate that suppression of plasma and hepatic XO activities, along with hepatic ADA activity and UA by VPA treatment, protects against disrupted glucoregulation and increased liver TG by COC independent of elevated corticosteroids. The findings imply that VPA would provide protection against the development of cardiometabolic disorder via inhibition of the ADA/XO/UA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Eniola Omolekulo
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Damilare Areola
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olufunto Olayinka Badmus
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,b Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samuel Michael
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,c Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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18
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Sodium valproate ameliorates memory impairment and reduces the elevated levels of apoptotic caspases in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1085-1092. [PMID: 29971457 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory deficits appear in chronic diabetes and valproic acid has been proved to be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the current study investigated the effectiveness of chronic valproate treatment for diabetes-induced memory impairment and increased levels of hippocampal apoptotic caspases. This study was conducted in adult male C57B15/J mice. Diabetes, which was induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg; i.p.), was confirmed when fasting blood sugar (FBS) was > 200 mg/dl. Sodium valproate (100 mg/kg; i.p.) was administrated to the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, every 72 h for 2 months. Next, all groups were evaluated for memory performance using the radial maze and shuttle box. After FBS measurement, animals were killed and the hippocampus was extracted and prepared for ELISA to assess caspase levels. Diabetic animals had significantly high FBS and memory impairment 2 months after the alloxan injection. Hippocampal levels of caspases 3, 6, and 8 were significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the control group. However, valproate treatment of diabetic animals significantly improved memory performance in both the radial maze and shuttle box and reduced the elevated levels of hippocampal apoptotic caspases, in comparison with diabetic animals. Chronic administration of valproate seems to have beneficial effects on diabetic neuropathy.
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19
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Li X, Zhou S, Qian Y, Xu Z, Yu Y, Xu Y, He Y, Zhang Y. The assessment of the eco-toxicological effect of gabapentin on early development of zebrafish and its antioxidant system. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22777-22784. [PMID: 35539713 PMCID: PMC9081491 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04250k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gabapentin (GAB) is an emerging contaminant that is frequently detected in water bodies across the globe. The present study used zebrafish as a model organism to investigate the effects of GAB on the early development of zebrafish and on its antioxidant system. Acute toxicity tests indicated that the 96 h LC50 value of GAB for zebrafish embryos was 59.9 g L-1. Further, it was observed that GAB causes malformation of embryos such as hemagglutination and pericardial edema. Compared to the control group, a significant enhancement (p < 0.05) of heartbeat rates was found at GAB concentrations exceeding 50 mg L-1, while the swimming frequency was clearly increased upon exposure to GAB at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 (p < 0.05). Additionally, the development of the zebrafish embryo was also negatively impacted after exposure to GAB as demonstrated by significantly decreased body lengths. Exposure to GAB at concentrations exceeding 50 mg L-1 significantly influenced the development of zebrafish, leading to malformation of organs and abnormal movements. Although no significant developmental effects of GAB were observed at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1 and 10 μg L-1), further research about the antioxidant system confirmed that severe oxidant injury happened inside the organisms. catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH) and the ability of inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (IHR) were used as biomarkers in the present study to illustrate GAB toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. The results showed that activities of CAT, LDH and GST as well as IHR were all elevated after GAB exposure, which proved that ROS were formed in the body as derived from GAB exposure. Among all of these biomarkers, CAT was the most sensitive one to evaluate the influence of GAB, and showed a significant increase even at a very low exposure concentration (0.1 μg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Li
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
| | - Yuting Qian
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
| | - Zhuoran Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
| | - Yide He
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology Changsha Hunan 410076 P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139656
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20
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Patel MM, Patel BM. Repurposing of sodium valproate in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus: Role of HDAC inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:188-199. [PMID: 29852291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic patients are at greater risk for colon cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) serve as common target for both. The key objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate in type 2 diabetes mellitus associated colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH High fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Following this, after diabetes confirmation, colon cancer was induced using 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg, s.c.) once weekly from 7th week to 20th weeks. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) treatment was given from 20th to 24th week. At the end of 24 weeks, several enzymatic and biochemical parameters, were estimated. MTT, clonogenic and scratch wound healing assay were carried out in HCT-15 cell line. KEY RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increase in cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and carcinoembryonic antigen and presence of proliferating cells was seen in disease control animals which was prevented by sodium valproate treatment. Overexpression of relative HDAC2 mRNA levels was found in diseased control animals, which was reduced by sodium valproate treatment. IC50 of sodium valproate was found to be 3.40 mM and 3.73 mM at 48 h and 72 h respectively on HCT-15 cell line. Sodium valproate also dose dependently prevented colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Sodium valproate can be considered for repurposing in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
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21
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Zhao X, Wang D, Qin L, Yang X, Gao C. Comparative investigation for hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from four substitutes of Lonicera japonica in Chinese medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:12-20. [PMID: 29247727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide fractions were obtained from flower buds of the four substitutes of Lonicera japonica, L. macranthoides (LMPB), L. hypoglauca (LHPB), L. fulvotomentosa (LFPB) and L. confuse (LCPB), and their hypoglycemic effects were investigated. In study, streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were orally administrated once daily with LMPB, LHPB, LFPB and LCPB (each 800 mg/kg) for 42 days. Reduction for food and water intake (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and levels of sugar and insulin (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) in blood, as well as elevation for contents of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen (p < 0.05) and concentrations of hepatic pyruvate kinase and hexokinase (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) were observed. Together with significant decline of total cholesterol (TC, 45.8 51.0%, p < 0.05), total triglyceride (TG, 50.6-53.8%, p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterin (LDL-C, 71.2-76.3%, p < 0.01) and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterin (VLDL-C, 45.2-50.0%, p < 0.01), the significant rise of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterin (HDL-C, 21.6-24.3%, p < 0.05) were also demonstrated. Consequently, the four polysaccharide fractions displayed notable hypoglycemic effects, similar to that of the polysaccharide fraction from L. japonica (LJP), so that they can be also considered as ingredients of functional foods for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Dongying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Xianzhi Yang
- Department of Emergency, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Emergency, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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22
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Chen Z, Wang C, Pan Y, Gao X, Chen H. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of anthocyanins extract from black soybean seed coat in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:426-439. [PMID: 29220052 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Black soybean seed coat extract (BSSCE) is a rich source of anthocyanins with multiple health effects. This study was aimed at investigating the composition and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of BSSCE in vitro and in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The anthocyanins of BSSCE were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside by HPLC-MS. Results demonstrated that BSSCE exhibited strong inhibitory activities for α-amylase, potent inhibition activity against lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and protection effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress-damaged HepG2 cells. The food and water intake, body weight loss, blood glucose and insulin level of BSSCE treatment group were found to be significantly reduced when compared with those of diabetic mice group (p < 0.05). The fasting blood glucose level and insulin level of the BSSCE 400 mg kg-1 group mice significantly decreased by 47.97% and 46.49%, respectively. The oral glucose tolerance and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) notably improved (p < 0.05). BSSCE could also ameliorate the atherogenic dyslipidaemia of diabetic mice by remarkably decreasing the content of total cholesterol (T-CHO), total triglyceride (TG), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.05). BSSCE could protect against liver, kidney and pancreas damages in diabetic mice. This study suggested that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside contributed to BSSCE-induced hypoglycemia and hypolipidemia effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and BSSCE might be a promising functional food or medicine for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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Wang D, Zhao X, Liu Y. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide from flower buds of Lonicera japonica in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rakitin A. Does Valproic Acid Have Potential in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:147. [PMID: 28694790 PMCID: PMC5483554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Rakitin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Olatunji LA, Omolekulo TE, Usman TO, Kim I. Improvement of oral contraceptive-induced glucose dysregulation and dyslipidemia by valproic acid is independent of circulating corticosterone. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:123-9. [PMID: 26855320 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic disorders are rapidly becoming major public health challenges. Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely prescribed anticonvulsant drug. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that treatment with VPA would improve the regulation of glucose and atherogenic dyslipidemia through reduction in circulating corticosterone. METHODS Female Wistar rats recieved (p.o.) combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 1.0 µg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 µg levonorgestrel and valproic acid (VPA; 20 mg) for 8 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with COC led to elevated fasting blood glucose, insulin, corticosterone, triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance. VPA significantly attenuated the alterations induced by COC treatment, but did not affect the corticosterone level. However, VPA treatment led to significant increases in plasma insulin, corticosterone, atherogenic lipids and impaired glucose tolerance in rats not treated with COC. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that VPA mitigates against the development of COC-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia independent of elevated circulating corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Olatunji
- a Cardiovascular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Daegu , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Tolulope E Omolekulo
- a Cardiovascular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O Usman
- a Cardiovascular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - InKyeom Kim
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Daegu , Republic of Korea , and
- c Department of Pharmacology , Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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Khan S, Kumar S, Jena G. Valproic acid reduces insulin-resistance, fat deposition and FOXO1-mediated gluconeogenesis in type-2 diabetic rat. Biochimie 2016; 125:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Khan S, Jena G. Valproic Acid Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Increasing Beta-Cell Proliferation, Function, and Reducing its Apoptosis through HDAC Inhibition in Juvenile Diabetic Rat. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:438-46. [PMID: 27079868 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlighted that there is a link between type-1 diabetes mellitus and histone deacetylases (HDACs) due to their involvement in beta-cell differentiation, proliferation, and function. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of valproic acid (VPA) on beta-cell proliferation, function, and apoptosis in juvenile diabetic rat. Diabetes was induced in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin (75 mg/kg, i.p.) and VPA was administered at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks by oral route. Various biochemical parameters, cellular alterations, and protein expression as well as apoptosis were assessed using different assays. VPA treatment significantly decreased plasma glucose, beta-cell damage, and apoptosis as well as increased the beta-cell function, insulin level/expression. The present study demonstrated that VPA improves beta-cell proliferation and function as well as reduces beta-cell apoptosis through HDAC inhibition. Our findings provide evidence that VPA may be useful for the treatment of juvenile diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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