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Ou Y, Guo Y, Chen M, Lu X, Guo Z, Zheng B. Gut microbiome-serum metabolic profiles: insight into the hypoglycemic effect of Porphyra haitanensis glycoprotein on hyperglycemic mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:7977-7991. [PMID: 37578326 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic activity of natural algal glycoproteins has attracted interest, but studies of their mechanism of regulating glucose metabolism are lacking. This study investigated the hypoglycemic activity of Porphyra haitanensis glycoprotein (PG) in a mouse hyperglycemia model. The underlying mechanism was elucidated by monitoring changes in the gut microbiome and untargeted serum metabolomics. The results indicated that 30-300 mg kg-1 PG regulated blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion, reducing glycated hemoglobin, and improving streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, 300 mg kg-1 PG decreased fasting blood glucose by 63.11% and glycosylated hemoglobin by 24.50% and increased insulin secretion by 163.97%. The mechanism of the improvement of hyperglycemia by PG may involve regulating beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae) and altering the serum metabolic profile (e.g., upregulation of hypotaurine, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and L-glycine), to regulate taurine and hypotaurine, the TCA cycle, AMPK, and pyruvate metabolism. Our findings supported the development of Porphyra haitanensis and its glycoprotein as novel natural antidiabetic compounds to regulate the glycemic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Ou
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuehong Guo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingrong Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zebin Guo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Preparation, crystal structure, luminescence and Hirshfeld surface of hydroxynaphthene-based compounds. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jeon JH, Im S, Kim HS, Lee D, Jeong K, Ku JM, Nam TG. Chemical Chaperones to Inhibit Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Implications in Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4385-4397. [PMID: 36583112 PMCID: PMC9793730 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s393816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for structural transformation or folding of de novo proteins for transport to the Golgi. When the folding capacity of the ER is exceeded or excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins occurs, the ER enters a stressed condition (ER stress) and unfolded protein responses (UPR) are triggered in order to rescue cells from the stress. Recovery of ER proceeds toward either survival or cell apoptosis. ER stress is implicated in many pathologies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration, and lysosomal storage diseases. As a survival or adaptation mechanism, chaperone molecules are upregulated to manage ER stress. Chemical versions of chaperone have been developed in search of drug candidates for ER stress-related diseases. In this review, synthetic or semi-synthetic chemical chaperones are categorized according to potential therapeutic area and listed along with their chemical structure and activity. Although only a few chemical chaperones have been approved as pharmaceutical drugs, a dramatic increase in literatures over the recent decades indicates enormous amount of efforts paid by many researchers. The efforts warrant clearer understanding of ER stress and the related diseases and consequently will offer a promising drug discovery platform with chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyoung Im
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea,Correspondence: Tae-Gyu Nam, Tel +82-31-400-5807, Fax +82-31-400-5958, Email
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Cicalese S, Torimoto K, Okuno K, Elliott KJ, Rizzo V, Hashimoto T, Eguchi S. Endoplasmic Reticulum Chemical Chaperone 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension In Vivo and Protein Synthesis In Vitro. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e028201. [PMID: 36444851 PMCID: PMC9851446 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Investigations into alternative treatments for hypertension are necessary because current treatments cannot fully reduce the risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic activation of unfolded protein response attributable to the endoplasmic reticulum stress has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension and associated vascular remodeling. Triggered by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, chronic unfolded protein response leads to downstream signaling of cellular inflammation and dysfunction. Here, we have tested our hypothesis that a novel chemical chaperone, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (3HNA) can attenuate angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension. Methods and Results Mice were infused with AngII for 2 weeks to induce vascular remodeling and hypertension with or without 3HNA treatment. We found that injections of 3HNA prevented hypertension and increase in heart weight body weight ratio induced by AngII infusion. Histological assessment revealed that 3HNA treatment prevented vascular medial thickening as well as perivascular fibrosis in response to AngII infusion. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, 3HNA attenuated enhancement in protein synthesis induced by AngII. In vascular adventitial fibroblasts, 3HNA prevented induction of unfolded protein response markers. Conclusions We present evidence that a chemical chaperone 3HNA prevents vascular remodeling and hypertension in mice with AngII infusion, and 3HNA further prevents increase in protein synthesis in AngII-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Using 3HNA may represent a novel therapy for hypertension with multiple benefits by preserving protein homeostasis under cardiovascular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cicalese
- Cardiovascular Research CenterLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Keiichi Torimoto
- Cardiovascular Research CenterLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Keisuke Okuno
- Cardiovascular Research CenterLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Katherine J. Elliott
- Cardiovascular Research CenterLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research CenterLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurobiologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZ
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
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Deka D, D'Incà R, Sturniolo GC, Das A, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Role of ER Stress Mediated Unfolded Protein Responses and ER Stress Inhibitors in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5392-5406. [PMID: 35318552 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have increased the knowledge about the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. Besides the complex organization of immune reactions, the mucosal epithelial lining has been recognized as a crucial regulator in the commencement and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the intestinal epithelium is exposed to various environmental factors, the intestinal epithelial cells are confronted with diverse cellular stress conditions. In eukaryotic cells, an imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) might cause aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of ER, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress. This cellular mechanism stimulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which elevates the potential of the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding, improves protein production and its maturation, and also stimulates ER-associated protein degradation. Current analyses reported that in the epithelium, the ER stress might cause the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the synthesis of protein, inducing the apoptosis of the epithelial cell and stimulating the proinflammatory reactions in the gut. There have been significant efforts to develop small molecules or molecular chaperones that will be potent in ameliorating ER stress. The restoration of UPR balance in the endoplasmic reticulum via pharmacological intervention might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This review provides novel insights into the role of chemical chaperone UPR modulators to modify ER stress levels. We further discuss the future directions/challenges in the development of therapeutic strategies for IBDs by targeting the ER stress. Figure depicting the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory bowel disease and the therapeutic role of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors in alleviating the diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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Ning C, Jiao Y, Wang J, Li W, Zhou J, Lee YC, Ma DL, Leung CH, Zhu R, David Wang HM. Recent advances in the managements of type 2 diabetes mellitus and natural hypoglycemic substances. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim YE, Kim DH, Choi A, Jang S, Jeong K, Kim YM, Nam TG. Bi-aryl Analogues of Salicylic Acids: Design, Synthesis and SAR Study to Ameliorate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3593-3604. [PMID: 34429588 PMCID: PMC8380292 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s319287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress condition is characterized as the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in lumen of ER. This condition has been implicated in various diseases and pathologies including β-cell apoptosis, Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis. We have reported that hydroxynaphthoic acids (HNA), naphthalene analogues of salicylic acid (SA), reduced ER stress. In this study, we explored structural modification to bi-aryl analogues of SA. Methods Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling was applied to synthesize bi-aryl analogues of SA. Anti-ER stress activity was monitored by using our cell-based assay system where ER stress is induced by tunicamycin. To monitor ER stress markers, ER stress was induced physiologically relevant palmitate system. Results Many analogues decreased ER stress signal induced by tunicamycin. Compounds creating dihedral angle between Ar group and SA moiety generally increased the activity but gave some cytotoxicity to indicate the crucial role of flat conformation of aromatic region. The best compound (16e) showed up to almost 6-fold and 90-fold better activity than 3-HNA and tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid, positive controls, respectively. ER stress markers such as p-PERK and p-JNK were accordingly decreased in Western blotting upon treatment of 16e under palmitate-induced condition. Conclusion Anti-ER stress activity and toxicity profile of bi-aryl analogues of SA could provide a novel platform for potential therapy for protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ami Choi
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoul Jang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerater, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
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Leng F, Robeyns K, Leyssens T. Urea as a Cocrystal Former-Study of 3 Urea Based Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050671. [PMID: 34067216 PMCID: PMC8151602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystallization is commonly used for its ability to improve the physical properties of APIs, such as solubility, bioavailability, compressibility, etc. The pharmaceutical industry is particularly interested in those cocrystals comprising a GRAS former in connection with the target API. In this work, we focus on the potential of urea as a cocrystal former, identifying three novel pharmaceutical cocrystal systems with catechin, 3-hydroxyl-2-naphthoic and ellagic acid. Interestingly, the stability of catechin under high humidity or high temperature environment is improved upon cocrystallization with urea. Moreover, the solubility of ellagic acid is improved about 17 times. This work displays the latent possibility of urea in improving the physical property of drug molecules using a cocrystallization approach.
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Yang M, Li C, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1347-1362. [PMID: 32048952 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200212100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membranes (MAMs) are the cellular structures that connect the ER and mitochondria and mediate communication between these two organelles. MAMs have been demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamic change, mitophagy, and the ER stress response. In addition, MAMs are critical for metabolic regulation, and their dysfunction has been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome, including the downregulation of insulin signaling and the accelerated progression of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. This review covers the roles of MAMs in regulating insulin sensitivity and the molecular mechanism underlying MAM-regulated cellular metabolism and reveals the potential of MAMs as a therapeutic target in treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Saadeldeen FS, Niu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Meng L, Chen S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GIN, Liu Z, Kang W. Natural products: Regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Heavy Metal Extraction under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Using 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoate- Based Ionic Liquids: Extraction Capabilities vs. Acute Algal Toxicity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the applicability of three task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) as heavy metal extracting agents by contrasting extraction capabilities with algal toxicity. The compounds tested were trihexyltetradecylphosphonium-, methyltrioctylphosphonium- and methyltrioctylammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates. Experiments were performed to assess if these ILs can provide environmentally safe residual concentrations of the target metals after extraction. Both pure water and natural mineral water samples were spiked with 20 µg L−1 of Cu, Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively. Quantitative extraction (> 99%) of Hg and Ag was achieved. Cu and Hg were below the respective no-observed-effect-concentrations (NOECs) after extraction and Ag below 0.03 µg L−1. Acute toxicity assays were conducted using two freshwater green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata and Tetradesmus obliquus. Growth inhibition and maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II after 72 h were assessed. ILs were less toxic than similar compounds, but still must be classified as acute toxicants for algae. An inhibiting effect on both growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed. The leaching of the ILs into the samples remains a limitation regarding their environmental-friendly applicability. Nonetheless, the extremely efficient removal of Cu, Ag and Hg under environmentally relevant conditions calls for further research, which should focus on the immobilization of the ILs.
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Choi H, Yun W, Lee JH, Jang S, Park SW, Kim DH, Seon KP, Hyun JM, Jeong K, Ku JM, Nam TG. Synthesis and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress activity of N-substituted-2-arylcarbonylhydrazinecarbothioamides. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bang IH, Kwon OK, Hao L, Park D, Chung MJ, Oh BC, Lee S, Bae EJ, Park BH. Deacetylation of XBP1s by sirtuin 6 confers resistance to ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31541078 PMCID: PMC6802632 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The active spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is a key modulator of ER stress, but the functional role of its post-translational modification remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that XBP1s is a deacetylation target of Sirt6 and that its deacetylation protects against ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Specifically, the abundance of acetylated XBP1s and concordant hepatic steatosis were increased in hepatocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout and obese mice but were decreased by genetic overexpression and pharmacological activation of Sirt6. Mechanistically, we identified that Sirt6 deacetylated a transactivation domain of XBP1s at Lys257 and Lys297 and promoted XBP1s protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Overexpression of XBP1s, but not its deacetylation mutant 2KR (K257/297R), in mice increased lipid accumulation in the liver. Importantly, in liver tissues obtained from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the extent of XBP1s acetylation correlated positively with the NAFLD activity score but negatively with the Sirt6 level. Collectively, we present direct evidence supporting the importance of XBP1 acetylation in ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Activating a protein that regulates cellular health could protect against fat accumulation during the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high-fat diet disrupts the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular membrane network responsible for synthesizing and processing proteins and fats, and can lead to NAFLD development. Previous studies found that a protein called XBP1s activates fat-related genes during NAFLD. Byung-Hyun Park and Eun Ju Bae at Chonbuk National University in Jeonbuk, South Korea, and co-workers, recently demonstrated that high levels of a regulatory protein called Sirt6 limits liver inflammation and ER stress during high-fat diets. Now, in experiments on mouse models and human liver cells, Park’s team have shown that Sirt6 reduces liver ER stress by modifying XBP1s. Encouraging Sirt6 activation may help protect against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dami Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060063. [PMID: 29921793 PMCID: PMC6025008 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders have become among the most serious threats to human health, leading to severe chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, despite the fact that each of these diseases has different physiological and clinical symptoms, they appear to share certain pathological traits such as intracellular stress and inflammation induced by metabolic disturbance stemmed from over nutrition frequently aggravated by a modern, sedentary life style. These modern ways of living inundate cells and organs with saturating levels of sugar and fat, leading to glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity that induce intracellular stress signaling ranging from oxidative to ER stress response to cope with the metabolic insults (Mukherjee, et al., 2015). In this review, we discuss the roles played by cellular stress and its responses in shaping metabolic disorders. We have summarized here current mechanistic insights explaining the pathogenesis of these disorders. These are followed by a discussion of the latest therapies targeting the stress response pathways.
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Giribabu N, Karim K, Kilari EK, Kassim NM, Salleh N. Anti-Inflammatory, Antiapoptotic and Proproliferative Effects of Vitis vinifera Seed Ethanolic Extract in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Male Rats. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:138-149. [PMID: 28673757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of Vitis vinifera seed has been reported to ameliorate liver pathology in diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. In this study, the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of the ethanolic seed extract of V. vinifera (VVSEE) in the liver in cases of diabetes were identified. METHODS Adult male rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes were given 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight VVSEE orally for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, body weights were determined, and the blood was collected for analyses of fasting blood glucose, insulin and liver enzyme levels. Following sacrifice, livers were harvested and their wet weights and glycogen contents were measured. Histologic appearances of the livers were observed under light microscopy, and the expression and distribution of inflammatory, apoptosis and proliferative markers in the livers were identified by molecular biologic techniques. RESULTS Treatment of rats with diabetes by VVSEE attenuates decreased body weight, liver weight and liver glycogen content. Additionally, increases in fasting blood glucose levels and liver enzyme levels and decreases in serum insulin levels were ameliorated. Lesser histopathologic changes were also observed: decreased inflammation and apoptosis, as indicated by decreased levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-Kβ, IKK-β, IL-6, IL-1β) and apoptosis markers (caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax). VVSEE treatment induces increase in hepatocyte regeneration, as indicated by increased PCNA and Ki-67 distribution in the livers of rats with diabetes. Several molecules identified in VVSEE via gas chromatography mass spectrometry might contribute to these effects. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of VVSEE could account for its hepatoprotective actions in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Pharmacology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Normadiah M Kassim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Boulinguiez A, Staels B, Duez H, Lancel S. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: Targets for a better insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:901-916. [PMID: 28529179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders represent a major health burden, with economic and social consequences. Although adapted lifestyle and bariatric surgery are effective in reducing body weight, obesity prevalence is still rising. Obese individuals often become insulin-resistant. Obesity impacts on insulin responsive organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. In this review, we discuss the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on skeletal muscle, an important organ for the control of postprandial glucose. The roles of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in insulin signaling are highlighted and potential innovative research and treatment perspectives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Boulinguiez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Hélène Duez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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18
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Ye M, Qiu H, Cao Y, Zhang M, Mi Y, Yu J, Wang C. Curcumin Improves Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Maintaining Proteostasis in Endoplasmic Reticulum. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:148. [PMID: 28377722 PMCID: PMC5359258 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of proteasome and autophagy will result in disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis, and thus lead to long-term and chronic ER stress and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR), which is implicated in the occurrence and development of insulin resistance. Curcumin exerts beneficial metabolic effects in in vitro cells and in vivo animal models of diabetes and diabetic complications including cardiovascular diseases, due to its powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its impacts on insulin resistance of endothelial cells and its underlying mechanism(s) remain ill-defined. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that curcumin action in ER protein quality control was related to improvement of insulin resistance in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with saturated fatty acid palmitate. We found that palmitate treatment induced insulin resistance of HUVECs and activated both the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Palmitate-stimulated activation of the UPS and autophagy was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of ER stress. In addition, curcumin supplementation mitigated palmitate-induced insulin resistance, inhibited the UPS, and activated autophagy. Furthermore, curcumin administration suppressed palmitate-induced protein aggregation and ER stress. Genetic inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) completely restored total protein ubiquitination and protein aggregation in HUVECs treated with combined curcumin and palmitate. Atg5-knockdown also abolished the beneficial effects of curcumin on palmitate-induced ER stress, JNK/IRS-1 pathway as well as insulin signaling. Our results reveal that curcumin-activated autophagy could maintain proteostasis in ER leading to attenuation of ER stress and subsequent inhibition of JNK/IRS-1 pathway and improvement of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshi, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Laboratory, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei Medical University Shiyan, China
| | - Yingkang Cao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi, China
| | - Yan Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
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19
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Sarvani C, Sireesh D, Ramkumar KM. Unraveling the role of ER stress inhibitors in the context of metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:412-421. [PMID: 28237513 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ER stress is provoked by the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen leading to perturbations in ER homeostasis. ER stress activates a signaling cascade called the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) which triggers a set of transcriptional and translational events that restore ER homeostasis, promoting cell survival and adaptation. If this adaptive response fails, a terminal UPR program commits such cells to apoptosis. Existing preclinical and clinical evidence testify that prolonged ER stress escalates the risk of several metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. There have been considerable efforts to develop small molecules that are capable of ameliorating ER stress. Few naturally occurring and synthetic molecules have already been demonstrated for their efficacy in abrogating ER stress in both in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic disorders. This review provides a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms of inhibition of ER stress and its association with various metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chodisetty Sarvani
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dornadula Sireesh
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
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