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Duan Z, Shi R, Gao B, Cai J. N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1/PD-1: an emerging target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:705. [PMID: 39080767 PMCID: PMC11290144 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
During tumorigenesis and progression, the immune checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) play critical roles in suppressing T cell-mediated anticancer immune responses, leading to T-cell exhaustion and subsequent tumor evasion. Therefore, anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy has been an attractive strategy for treating cancer over the past decade. However, the overall efficacy of this approach remains suboptimal, revealing an urgent need for novel insights. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates that both PD-L1 on tumor cells and PD-1 on tumor-specific T cells undergo extensive N-linked glycosylation, which is essential for the stability and interaction of these proteins, and this modification promotes tumor evasion. In various preclinical models, targeting the N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1/PD-1 was shown to significantly increase the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy. Furthermore, deglycosylation of PD-L1 strengthens the signal intensity in PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, improving the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of this protein. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1/PD-1 as well as the crucial role of N-linked glycosylation in PD-L1/PD-1-mediated immune evasion. In addition, we highlight the promising implications of targeting the N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1/PD-1 in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Our review identifies knowledge gaps and sheds new light on the cancer research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Runhan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shanghai Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, P.R. China.
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2
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Guo J, Yu F, Zhang K, Jiang S, Zhang X, Wang T. Beyond inhibition against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: development of PD-L1 inhibitors targeting internalization and degradation of PD-L1. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1096-1108. [PMID: 38665824 PMCID: PMC11042118 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00636k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells hijack the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway to suppress the immune response through overexpressing PD-L1 to interact with PD-1 of T cells. With in-depth ongoing research, tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 is found to play important roles in tumor progression without interaction with PD-1 expressed on T cells, which provides an additional important target and therapeutic approach for development of PD-L1 inhibitors. Existing monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway generally behave by conformationally blocking the interactions of PD-1 with PD-L1 on the cell surface. Beyond general inhibition of the protein-protein interaction (PPI), inhibitors targeting PD-L1 currently focus on the functional inhibition of the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 and degradation of tumor-intrinsic PD-L1. This perspective will clarify the evolution of PD-L1 inhibitors and provide insights into the current development of PD-L1 inhibitors, especially targeting internalization and degradation of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fengyi Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
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3
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Ai Z, Liu S, Zhang J, Hu Y, Tang P, Cui L, Wang X, Zou H, Li X, Liu J, Nan B, Wang Y. Ginseng Glucosyl Oleanolate from Ginsenoside Ro, Exhibited Anti-Liver Cancer Activities via MAPKs and Gut Microbiota In Vitro/Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7845-7860. [PMID: 38501913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ginseng is widely recognized for its diverse health benefits and serves as a functional food ingredient with global popularity. Ginsenosides with a broad range of pharmacological effects are the most crucial active ingredients in ginseng. This study aimed to derive ginseng glucosyl oleanolate (GGO) from ginsenoside Ro through enzymatic conversion and evaluate its impact on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. GGO exhibited concentration-dependent HepG2 cell death and markedly inhibited cell proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathway. It also attenuated tumor growth in immunocompromised mice undergoing heterograft transplantation. Furthermore, GGO intervention caused a modulation of gut microbiota composition by specific bacterial populations, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Enterococcus, etc., and ameliorated SCFA metabolism and colonic inflammation. These findings offer promising evidence for the potential use of GGO as a natural functional food ingredient in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junshun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ping Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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4
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Wang R, Zhao Y. Effects of Metformin on JNK Signaling Pathway and PD-L1 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:259-268. [PMID: 38585433 PMCID: PMC10998504 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s454960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Metformin has been shown to have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of metformin on the expression of programmed death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) and mechanisms in TNBC. Methods Mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 was co-cultured with metformin, and the effect of metformin on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The effect of metformin on the expression of JNK, RSK2 and CREB was detected by MAPK pathway protein chip. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells with knockdown/overexpression of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and administered with metformin. The weight of tumor tissue was observed at the end of the experiment. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the level of INF-γwas quantitatively determined by ELISA. Results Metformin inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells and increased the phosphorylation of JNK to reduce the phosphorylation of RSK2 and CREB. Metformin and JNK knockdown reduced the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but there was no significant difference in the weight of tumor tissue. Metformin can reduce the level of INF-γ in tumor tissues, but JNK has no effect. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer mice and improve the tumor microenvironment, but does not reduce the size of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Zhang F, Jiang R, Sun S, Wu C, Yu Q, Awadasseid A, Wang J, Zhang W. Recent advances and mechanisms of action of PD-L1 degraders as potential therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116267. [PMID: 38422701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint protein that can bind to T cells' PD-1 receptor, thereby promoting immune escape from tumors. In recent years, many researchers have developed strategies to degrade PD-L1 to improve the effect of immunotherapy. The study of degrading PD-L1 provides new opportunities for immunotherapy. Here, we mainly summarize and review the current active molecules and mechanisms that mediate the degradation of immature and mature PD-L1 during the post-translational modification stages, involving PD-L1 phosphorylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, ubiquitination, and the autophagy-lysosomal process. This review expects that by degrading PD-L1 protein, we will not only gain a better understanding of oncogenic mechanisms involving tumor PD-L1 protein but also provide a new way to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ruiya Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shishi Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qimeng Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Moganshan Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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6
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Zhao X, Liu M, Li C, Liu X, Zhao J, Ma H, Zhang S, Qu J. High dose Vitamin C inhibits PD-L1 by ROS-pSTAT3 signal pathway and enhances T cell function in TNBC. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111321. [PMID: 38041955 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) presents excellent anti-tumor effect for long time. Recently, high dose VitC achieved by intravenous administration manifests superior anti-tumor effect. However, the functions and detailed mechanisms of high dose VitC's role in cancer immunity are not fully understood. This study investigates the effect of high dose VitC on PD-L1 expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the potential mechanism. Results showed VitC inhibited PD-L1 expression in breast cancer cell lines and enhanced anti-tumor effects of T cells. Furthermore, we found VitC inhibited PD-L1 transcription through ROS-pSTAT3 signal pathways. Consistent with in vitro results, in vivo study showed VitC suppressed tumor growth in immunocompetent mice and enhanced CD8+ T cells infiltration and function in tumor microenvironment. Our findings identify the effects of high dose VitC on PD-L1 expression and provide a rationale for the use of high dose VitC as immunomodulator for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jingkun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China.
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7
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Dou Y, Katsnelson L, Gritsenko MA, Hu Y, Reva B, Hong R, Wang YT, Kolodziejczak I, Lu RJH, Tsai CF, Bu W, Liu W, Guo X, An E, Arend RC, Bavarva J, Chen L, Chu RK, Czekański A, Davoli T, Demicco EG, DeLair D, Devereaux K, Dhanasekaran SM, Dottino P, Dover B, Fillmore TL, Foxall M, Hermann CE, Hiltke T, Hostetter G, Jędryka M, Jewell SD, Johnson I, Kahn AG, Ku AT, Kumar-Sinha C, Kurzawa P, Lazar AJ, Lazcano R, Lei JT, Li Y, Liao Y, Lih TSM, Lin TT, Martignetti JA, Masand RP, Matkowski R, McKerrow W, Mesri M, Monroe ME, Moon J, Moore RJ, Nestor MD, Newton C, Omelchenko T, Omenn GS, Payne SH, Petyuk VA, Robles AI, Rodriguez H, Ruggles KV, Rykunov D, Savage SR, Schepmoes AA, Shi T, Shi Z, Tan J, Taylor M, Thiagarajan M, Wang JM, Weitz KK, Wen B, Williams CM, Wu Y, Wyczalkowski MA, Yi X, Zhang X, Zhao R, Mutch D, Chinnaiyan AM, Smith RD, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Wiznerowicz M, Ding L, Mani DR, Zhang H, Anderson ML, Rodland KD, Zhang B, Liu T, Fenyö D. Proteogenomic insights suggest druggable pathways in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1586-1605.e15. [PMID: 37567170 PMCID: PMC10631452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized a prospective endometrial carcinoma (EC) cohort containing 138 tumors and 20 enriched normal tissues using 10 different omics platforms. Targeted quantitation of two peptides can predict antigen processing and presentation machinery activity, and may inform patient selection for immunotherapy. Association analysis between MYC activity and metformin treatment in both patients and cell lines suggests a potential role for metformin treatment in non-diabetic patients with elevated MYC activity. PIK3R1 in-frame indels are associated with elevated AKT phosphorylation and increased sensitivity to AKT inhibitors. CTNNB1 hotspot mutations are concentrated near phosphorylation sites mediating pS45-induced degradation of β-catenin, which may render Wnt-FZD antagonists ineffective. Deep learning accurately predicts EC subtypes and mutations from histopathology images, which may be useful for rapid diagnosis. Overall, this study identified molecular and imaging markers that can be further investigated to guide patient stratification for more precise treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lizabeth Katsnelson
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Iga Kolodziejczak
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 20-203 Poznań, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Wen Bu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Eunkyung An
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Jasmin Bavarva
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Andrzej Czekański
- Wroclaw Medical University and Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center (DCOPIH), Wrocław, Poland
| | - Teresa Davoli
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Deborah DeLair
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly Devereaux
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter Dottino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bailee Dover
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Thomas L Fillmore
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - McKenzie Foxall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Catherine E Hermann
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Marcin Jędryka
- Wroclaw Medical University and Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center (DCOPIH), Wrocław, Poland
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Isabelle Johnson
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrea G Kahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Amy T Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paweł Kurzawa
- Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital in Poznan ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuxing Liao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tung-Shing M Lih
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tai-Tu Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - John A Martignetti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ramya P Masand
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Wroclaw Medical University and Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center (DCOPIH), Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wilson McKerrow
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jamie Moon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael D Nestor
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chelsea Newton
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Athena A Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Zhiao Shi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jimin Tan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mason Taylor
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joshua M Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C M Williams
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Xinpei Yi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - David Mutch
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60-203 Poznań, Poland; Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital in Poznan ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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8
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Panaampon J, Zhou Y, Saengboonmee C. Metformin as a booster of cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110528. [PMID: 37364322 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide antidiabetic, has been studied for its repurposing effects in oncology. Although a modest effect was observed in a single-agent regimen, metformin can synergize the anti-tumor effects of other modalities. The promising combination for cancer treatment is with immunotherapy. Despite high efficacy for some cancers, immunotherapy could be limited by modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and the immune exhaustion of cytotoxic immune cells. Combining immunotherapy with metformin, thus, exerted a rescuing effect of immunotherapy and potentiated the anti-tumor effects of each other. Although not fully understood, metformin shows promoting effects of immunotherapy by several mechanisms. Those proposed mechanisms have been partially proven and are suggested for possible therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, a state-of-the-art of metformin's boosting effects on immunotherapy is reviewed and discussed. The future directions for metformin research in preclinical and clinical immunotherapy are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutatip Panaampon
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand.
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9
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Khalil R, Green RJ, Sivakumar K, Varandani P, Bharadwaj S, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Withaferin A Increases the Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Blocker for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3089. [PMID: 37370701 PMCID: PMC10295988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of late-stage lung cancers remains challenging with a five-year survival rate of 8%. Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reactivating anti-tumor immunity. Despite achieving durable responses, ICBs are effective in only 20% of patients due to immune resistance. Therefore, synergistic combinatorial approaches that overcome immune resistance are currently under investigation. Herein, we studied the immunomodulatory role of Withaferin A (WFA)-a herbal compound-and its effectiveness in combination with an ICB for the treatment of NSCLC. Our in vitro results show that WFA induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in NSCLC cell lines and increases expression of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). The administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, abrogated WFA-induced ICD and PD-L1 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. Further, we found that a combination of WFA and α-PD-L1 significantly reduced tumor growth in an immunocompetent tumor model. Our results showed that WFA increases CD-8 T-cells and reduces immunosuppressive cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Administration of NAC partially inhibited the anti-tumor response of the combination regimen. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that WFA sensitizes NSCLC to α-PD-L1 in part via activation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roukiah Khalil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ryan J. Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kavya Sivakumar
- Taneja School of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Payal Varandani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Srinivas Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja School of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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10
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Jiang H, Suo H, Gao L, Liu Y, Chen B, Lu S, Jin F, Cao Y. Metformin plays an antitumor role by downregulating inhibitory cells and immune checkpoint molecules while activating protective immune responses in breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110038. [PMID: 36996738 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to test the effect of metformin treatment on the outcomes of breast cancer in BALB/c mice bearing 4 T1 breast cancer cells. The survival rate and tumor size of mice were compared, as well as evaluation of the changes of immune cells in spleens and the microenvironment of tumors using flow cytometry and ELISA. Our results demonstrate that metformin prolongs mouse survival. A significant decrease in M2-like macrophages (F4/80+CD206+) was found in mice spleen treated with metformin. The treatment also inhibited monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs, CD11b+Gr-1+) and regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+). Metformin treatment resulted in an increase in the level of IFN-γ and a decrease in IL-10. Expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 on T cells was inhibited following treatment. Metformin enhances local antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironment, and our data supports the drug as a candidate for evaluation in the treatment of breast cancer.
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11
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Allegra A, Murdaca G, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051325. [PMID: 37238995 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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12
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Cadassou O, Petter Jordheim L. OXPHOS inhibitors, metabolism and targeted therapies in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115531. [PMID: 37019188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
More and more studies highlight the complex metabolic characteristics and plasticity of cancer cells. To address these specificities and explore the associated vulnerabilities, new metabolism-targeting therapeutic strategies are being developed. It is more and more accepted that cancer cells do not produce their energy only from aerobic glycolysis, as some subtypes strongly rely on mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS). This review focuses on classical and promising OXPHOS inhibitors (OXPHOSi), unravelling their interest and modes of actions in cancer, particularly in combination with other strategies. Indeed, in monotherapy, OXPHOSi display limited efficiency as they mostly trigger cell death in cancer cell subtypes that strongly depend on mitochondrial respiration and are not able to shift to other metabolic pathways to produce energy. Nevertheless, they remain very interesting in combination with conventional therapeutic strategies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increasing their anti-tumoral actions. In addition, OXPHOSi can be included in even more innovative strategies such as combinations with other metabolic drugs or immunotherapies.
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13
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Huang P, Fan X, Yu H, Zhang K, Li H, Wang Y, Xue F. Glucose metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in obesity-associated endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:94. [PMID: 36750868 PMCID: PMC9906873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological cancer that endangers women health. Although substantial progresses of EC management have been achieved in recent years, the incidence of EC still remains high. Obesity has been a common phenomenon worldwide that increases the risk of EC. However, the mechanism associating obesity and EC has not been fully understood. Metabolic reprogramming as a remarkable characteristic of EC is currently emerging. As the primary factor of metabolic syndrome, obesity promotes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia. This metabolic disorder remodels systemic status, which increases EC risk and is related with poor prognosis. Glucose metabolism in EC cells is complex and mediated by glycolysis and mitochondria to ensure energy requirement. Factors that affect glucose metabolism may have an impact on EC initiation and progression. In this study, we review the glucose metabolic reprogramming of EC not only systemic metabolism but also inherent tumor cell metabolism. In particular, the role of glucose metabolic regulation in malignant properties of EC will be focused. Understanding of metabolic profile and glucose metabolism-associated regulation mechanism in EC may provide novel perspective for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhu Huang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqin Fan
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongfei Yu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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DeMarsilis A, Reddy N, Boutari C, Filippaios A, Sternthal E, Katsiki N, Mantzoros C. Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes: An update and future directions. Metabolism 2022; 137:155332. [PMID: 36240884 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widely prevalent disease with substantial economic and social impact for which multiple conventional and novel pharmacotherapies are currently available; however, the landscape of T2D treatment is constantly changing as new therapies emerge and the understanding of currently available agents deepens. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the pharmacotherapeutic approach to T2D. Each class of agents is presented by mechanism of action, details of administration, side effect profile, cost, and use in certain populations including heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and older individuals. We also review targets of novel therapeutic T2D agent development. Finally, we outline an up-to-date treatment approach that starts with identification of an individualized goal for glycemic control then selection, initiation, and further intensification of a personalized therapeutic plan for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea DeMarsilis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Niyoti Reddy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elliot Sternthal
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Reprograming immune microenvironment modulates CD47 cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Luo J, Liu K, Wang Y, Li H. Divergent roles of PD-L1 in immune regulation during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021452. [PMID: 36479124 PMCID: PMC9720307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a type of pathological injury that commonly arises in various diseases. Various forms of immune response are involved in the process of I/R injury. As a member of the B7 costimulatory molecule family, programmed death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important target for immune regulation. Therefore, PD-L1 may be implicated in the regulation of I/R injury. This review briefly describes the immune response during I/R injury and how PD-L1 is involved in its regulation by focusing on findings from various I/R models. Despite the limited number of studies in this field of research, PD-L1 has shown sufficient potential as a clinical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Wang
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang, ; Hongge Li,
| | - Hongge Li
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang, ; Hongge Li,
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17
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Metformin as a Potential Antitumor Agent. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Some recent findings suggest that metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, may have antitumor properties. Studies have shown that metformin can alter cell metabolism, both tumor and immune cells, which can greatly influence disease outcome. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms in which metformin can directly induce apoptosis of tumor cells as well as mechanisms in which metformin can elicit or enhance antitumor immune response.
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18
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Metformin Exhibits an Attractive Antineoplastic Effect on Human Endometrial Cancer by Regulating the Hippo Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5824617. [PMID: 36226249 PMCID: PMC9550502 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5824617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, the first-line oral antidiabetic medicine, has shown great antineoplastic potential in various cancer types, despite an unclear mechanism. This study aimed to elucidate the possible mechanism of metformin as a chemotherapy agent with less reproductive and genetic toxicity in human endometrial cancer. The type I endometrial carcinoma cell lines Ishikawa and RL95-2 were treated with metformin. Cell functions, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, were analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Simultaneously, RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to explore the possible mechanism. Moreover, YAP1 knockout Ishikawa cells were established via lentivirus to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that metformin mediated Ishikawa and RL95-2 cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values of metformin in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells were 10 mM and 8 mM, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities were also inhibited in the metformin-treated group using wound healing assays and transwell migration and invasion assays, and Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells were arrested in the G1 or G2 phase, respectively. Moreover, the cell proportions of cells in both early and late apoptosis stages were dramatically elevated when treated with metformin, as was the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, the expression levels of YAP1 mRNA and protein in the treatment group were much lower than those in the control group. The cellular behaviors of YAP1 knockout Ishikawa cells were similar to those in the metformin-treated group. Our results demonstrated that it is an attractive alternative to cytotoxic chemotherapy in human endometrial cancer, and YAP of the Hippo pathway may be a potential molecular target. This study provides novel ideas for the adjuvant therapy of endometrial cancer patients, especially for women with strong fertility desires and demands.
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19
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Metformin modulate immune fitness in hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecular and cellular approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Vakili-Ghartavol R, Mehrabian A, Mirzavi F, Rezayat SM, Mashreghi M, Farhoudi L, Kharrazi S, Sadri K, Jaafari MR. Docetaxel in combination with metformin enhances antitumour efficacy in metastatic breast carcinoma models: a promising cancer targeting based on PEGylated liposomes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1307-1319. [PMID: 35833585 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin has been shown to kill cancer stem-like cells in genetically various types of breast carcinoma. With the aim to simultaneously eradicate the bulk population of tumour cells and the rare population of cancer stem-like cells in breast cancer tissues, we used the combination chemotherapy of docetaxel (DTX) with metformin (MET). Furthermore, we introduce an active loading method based on ammonium sulphate 250 mM (SA) for encapsulating docetaxel into liposomes. METHODS Docetaxel and metformin encapsulated into PEGylated liposomes with two different methods based on remote or passive loading methods, respectively. The size and surface charge of the liposomes were characterized. DTX content in the nanoliposomes was measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The drug release profiles were evaluated in phosphate-buffered dextrose 5% with the pH of 6.5 and 7.4. We examined the antitumour activity of Taxotere (TAX), and liposomal formulation of DTX and MET as a monotherapy or combination therapy. The biodistribution of liposomes was also investigated using 99mTc hexamethyl propylene amine oxime method in BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 breast carcinoma tumours. KEY FINDINGS The final formulations were prepared according to the best physicochemical characteristics which were HSPC/mPEG2000-DSPE/Chol (DTX liposomes) and HSPC/DPPG/mPEG2000-DSPE/Chol (MET liposomes), at molar ratios of 85/5/10 and (55/5/5/35), respectively. In vivo experiments showed that when free or liposomal metformin used in combination with liposomal docetaxel, they prolonged median survival time (MST) from 31 in the control group to 46 days, which demonstrates their promising effects on the survival of the 4T1 breast carcinoma mice models. Moreover, combination therapies could significantly increase life span in comparison with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Taxotere groups at the same dose. Furthermore, in the combination therapy study, treatment with DTX liposomes prepared by ammonium sulphate 250 mM buffer alone resulted in similar therapeutic efficacy to combination therapy. The biodistribution study exhibited significant accumulation of DTX liposomes in the tumours due to the Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect. CONCLUSIONS This study also showed that metformin-based combinatorial chemotherapies have superior efficacy versus their corresponding monotherapy counterparts at same doses. The findings confirm that liposomes based on ammonium sulphate 250 mM could be as a promising formulation for efficient DTX delivering and cancer targeting and therefore merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mehrabian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Farhoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Sadri
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yao K, Zheng H, Li T. Association Between Metformin Use and the Risk, Prognosis of Gynecologic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942380. [PMID: 35898873 PMCID: PMC9309370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For gynecological cancer patients, the beneficial effect of metformin use remains controversial due to inconsistent results of published articles. By conducting a meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin in reducing the risk and improving the survival of gynecological cancer among women with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Articles exploring association between metformin use and the risk, as well as prognosis of gynecologic cancer in DM, were searched in the databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, EBSCO, and PROQUEST. Articles were published before May 2022. All the studies were conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Results The meta-analysis showed no significant association between metformin use and risk of gynecologic cancer in DM with a random effects model [odds ratio (ORs)/relative risk (RR) = 0.91, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.77 to 1.08, I2 = 84.2%, p < 0.001]. Metformin use was associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of gynecologic cancer in DM with random effects models [OS: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.74, I2 = 55.2%, p = 0.002; PFS: HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.91, I2 = 69.1%, p = 0.006], whereas no significant association was showed between metformin use and recurrence-free survival (RFS), as well as cancer-specific survival (CSS) of gynecologic cancer in DM with random effects models (RFS: HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.30–1.18, I2 = 73.7%, p = 0.010; CSS: HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.43–1.41, I2 = 72.4%, p = 0.013). Conclusions In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that metformin may be a useful adjuvant agent for gynecological cancer with DM, especially for patients with ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer.
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22
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Metformin and Cancer, an Ambiguanidous Relationship. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050626. [PMID: 35631452 PMCID: PMC9144507 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of energetic and cellular metabolism is a signature of cancer cells. Thus, drugs targeting cancer cell metabolism may have promising therapeutic potential. Previous reports demonstrate that the widely used normoglycemic agent, metformin, can decrease the risk of cancer in type 2 diabetics and inhibit cell growth in various cancers, including pancreatic, colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer. While metformin is a known adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist and an inhibitor of the electron transport chain complex I, its mechanism of action in cancer cells as well as its effect on cancer metabolism is not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on the role of metformin as an antitumoral agent and detail relevant evidence on the potential use and mechanisms of action of metformin in cancer. Analyzing antitumoral, signaling, and metabolic impacts of metformin on cancer cells may provide promising new therapeutic strategies in oncology.
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23
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Metformin combined with local irradiation provokes abscopal effects in a murine rectal cancer model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7290. [PMID: 35508498 PMCID: PMC9068771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although preoperative chemoradiation therapy can down-stage locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), it has little effect on distant metastases. Metformin exerts an anti-cancer effect partly through the activation of host immunity. LuM1, a highly lung metastatic subclone of colon 26, was injected subcutaneously (sc) in BALB/c mice and treated with metformin and/or local radiation (RT). Lung metastases and the primary tumors were evaluated and the phenotypes of immune cells in the spleen and lung metastases were examined with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Local RT, but not metformin, partially delayed the growth of sc tumor which was augmented with metformin. Lung metastases were unchanged in metformin or RT alone, but significantly reduced in the combined therapy. The ratios of splenic T cells tended to be low in the RT group, which were increased by the addition of metformin. IFN-γ production of the splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was enhanced and CD49b (+) CD335(+) activated NK cells was increased after combined treatment group. Density of NK cells infiltrating in lung metastases was increased after combination treatment. Metformin effectively enhances local and abscopal effects of RT though the activation of cell-mediated immunity and might be clinically useful for LARC.
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Ezrin Regulates the Cell Surface Localization of PD-L1 in HEC-151 Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082226. [PMID: 35456317 PMCID: PMC9030767 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule widely expressed on the surface of cancer cells and is an attractive immunotherapeutic target for numerous cancer cell types. However, patients with endometrial cancer derive little clinical benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy because of their poor response rate. Despite the increasingly important function of PD-L1 in tumor immunology, the mechanism of PD-L1 localization on endometrial cancer cell surfaces is largely unknown. We demonstrated the contribution of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family, which consists of scaffold proteins that control the cell surface localization of several transmembrane proteins to the localization of PD-L1 on the cell surface of HEC-151, a human uterine endometrial cancer cell line. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the colocalization of all the ERM with PD-L1 on the cell surface, as well as their protein–protein interactions. The RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of ezrin, but not radixin and moesin, significantly reduced the cell surface expression of PD-L1, as measured by flow cytometry, with little impact on the PD-L1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, among the three ERM proteins present in HEC-151 cells, ezrin may execute the scaffold function for PD-L1 and may be mainly responsible for the cell surface localization of PD-L1, presumably via the post-translational modification process.
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Banz-Jansen C, Helweg LP, Kaltschmidt B. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063412. [PMID: 35328833 PMCID: PMC8955970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women worldwide, with an incidence of 5.9%. Thus, it is the most frequent cancer of the female genital tract, with more than 34,000 women dying, in Europe and North America alone. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) might be drivers of carcinogenesis as well as metastatic and recurrent disease. Therefore, targeting CSCs is of high interest to improve prognosis of patients suffering of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. This review describes the current evidence of molecular mechanisms in endometrial CSCs with special emphasis on MYC and NF-κB signaling as well as mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, the current status of immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in endometrial cancer cells and CSCs is elucidated. The outlined findings encourage novel therapies that target signaling pathways in endometrial CSCs as well as immunotherapy as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of endometrial cancer to impede cancer progression and prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Banz-Jansen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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26
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Ala M, Ala M. Metformin for Cardiovascular Protection, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osteoporosis, Periodontitis, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Cancer, Inflammation and Senescence: What Is Next? ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1747-1770. [PMID: 34927008 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is accompanied by several complications. Higher prevalence of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases has been reported among patients with diabetes. Metformin is the oldest oral antidiabetic drug and can improve coexisting complications of diabetes. Clinical trials and observational studies uncovered that metformin can remarkably prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), osteoporosis, cancer, periodontitis, neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), tuberculosis, and COVID-19. In addition, metformin has been proposed as an antiaging agent. Numerous mechanisms were shown to be involved in the protective effects of metformin. Metformin activates the LKB1/AMPK pathway to interact with several intracellular signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. The drug modifies the biologic function of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, NLRP3, ERK, P38 MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, JNK, and other major molecules in the intracellular signaling network. It also regulates the expression of noncoding RNAs. Thereby, metformin can regulate metabolism, growth, proliferation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and senescence. Additionally, metformin modulates immune response, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis and exerts epigenetic effects. Furthermore, metformin protects against oxidative stress and genomic instability, preserves telomere length, and prevents stem cell exhaustion. In this review, the protective effects of metformin on each disease will be discussed using the results of recent meta-analyses, clinical trials, and observational studies. Thereafter, it will be meticulously explained how metformin reprograms intracellular signaling pathways and alters molecular and cellular interactions to modify the clinical presentations of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 1416753955 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Ala
- School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), 4814565589 Golestan, Iran
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27
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Barczyński B, Frąszczak K, Kotarski J. Perspectives of metformin use in endometrial cancer and other gynaecological malignancies. J Drug Target 2021; 30:359-367. [PMID: 34753372 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a key role in type 1 endometrial cancer pathogenesis. Most of these cancers develop on a background of overweight or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the medications widely used in the treatment of T2DM is biguanide derivative, metformin, which exerts promising anticancer properties principally through activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Many epidemiological studies on diabetic patients show potential preventative role of metformin in endometrial cancer patients, but data regarding its therapeutic role is still limited. So far, most of attention has been paid to the concept of metformin use in fertility sparing treatment of early-stage cancer. Another investigated alternative is its application in patients with primary advanced or recurrent disease. In this review we present the latest data on clinical use of metformin in endometrial cancer patients and potential underlying mechanisms of its activity. Finally, we present some most important clinical information regarding metformin efficacy in other gynaecological malignancies, mainly breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Barczyński
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Frąszczak
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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28
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Najafi M. Targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment by metformin. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:333-348. [PMID: 34611852 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The NO.3 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Caidie Zhang
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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29
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Chen S, Zhou X, Yang X, Li W, Li S, Hu Z, Ling C, Shi R, Liu J, Chen G, Song N, Jiang X, Sui X, Gao Y. Dual Blockade of Lactate/GPR81 and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathways Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effects of Metformin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1373. [PMID: 34572586 PMCID: PMC8466555 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug for cancer prevention and treatment. However, the overproduction of lactic acid and its inefficiency in cancer therapy limit its application. Here, we demonstrate the synergistic effects of the lactate/GPR81 blockade (3-hydroxy-butyrate, 3-OBA) and metformin on inhibiting cancer cells growth in vitro. Simultaneously, this combination could inhibit glycolysis and OXPHOS metabolism, as well as inhibiting tumor growth and reducing serum lactate levels in tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, we observed that this combination could enhance the functions of Jurkat cells in vitro and CD8+ T cells in vivo. In addition, considering that 3-OBA could recover the inhibitory effects of metformin on PD-1 expression, we further determined the dual blockade effects of PD-1/PD-L1 and lactate/GPR81 on the antitumor activity of metformin. Our results suggested that this dual blockade strategy could remarkably enhance the anti-tumor effects of metformin, or even lead to tumor regression. In conclusion, our study has proposed a novel and robust strategy for a future application of metformin in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Wanqiong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Shuzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Zheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Chen Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Ranran Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Nazi Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China; (N.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China; (N.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinghua Sui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
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Wen M, Cao Y, Wu B, Xiao T, Cao R, Wang Q, Liu X, Xue H, Yu Y, Lin J, Xu C, Xu J, OuYang B. PD-L1 degradation is regulated by electrostatic membrane association of its cytoplasmic domain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5106. [PMID: 34429434 PMCID: PMC8384847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1 (PD-L1-CD) regulates PD-L1 degradation and stability through various mechanism, making it an attractive target for blocking PD-L1-related cancer signaling. Here, by using NMR and biochemical techniques we find that the membrane association of PD-L1-CD is mediated by electrostatic interactions between acidic phospholipids and basic residues in the N-terminal region. The absence of the acidic phospholipids and replacement of the basic residues with acidic residues abolish the membrane association. Moreover, the basic-to-acidic mutations also decrease the cellular abundance of PD-L1, implicating that the electrostatic interaction with the plasma membrane mediates the cellular levels of PD-L1. Interestingly, distinct from its reported function as an activator of AMPK in tumor cells, the type 2 diabetes drug metformin enhances the membrane dissociation of PD-L1-CD by disrupting the electrostatic interaction, thereby decreasing the cellular abundance of PD-L1. Collectively, our study reveals an unusual regulatory mechanism that controls the PD-L1 level in tumor cells, suggesting an alternative strategy to improve the efficacy of PD-L1-related immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Wen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlei Cao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoran Xiao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyu Cao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwei Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjuan Xue
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialing Lin
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Chenqi Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo OuYang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Qian HY, Zhou F, Wu R, Cao XJ, Zhu T, Yuan HD, Chen YN, Zhang PA. Metformin Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain by Reducing TRPV1 and ASIC3 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713944. [PMID: 34421611 PMCID: PMC8371459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common pathologic pain associated with destruction of bone and pathological reconstruction of nervous system. Current treatment strategies in clinical is inadequate and have unacceptable side effects due to the unclear pathology mechanism. In the present study, we showed that transplantation of Walker 256 cells aggravated mechanical allodynia of BCP rats (**p < 0.01 vs. Sham), and the expression of ASIC3 (Acid-sensitive ion channel 3) and TRPV1 was obviously enhanced in L4-6 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of BCP rats (**p < 0.01 vs. Sham). ASIC3 and TRPV1 was mainly expressed in CGRP and IB4 positive neurons of L4-6 DRGs. While, TRPV1 but not ASIC3 was markedly upregulated in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of BCP rats (**p < 0.01 vs. Sham). Importantly, intrathecal injection of CPZ (a TRPV1 inhibitor) or Amiloride (an ASICs antagonist) markedly increased the paw withdraw threshold (PWT) of BCP rats response to Von Frey filaments (**p < 0.01 vs. BCP + NS). What’s more, intraperitoneally injection of Metformin or Vinorelbine markedly elevated the PWT of BCP rats, but reduced the expression of TRPV1 and ASIC3 in L4-6 DRGs and decreased the TRPV1 expression in SDH (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. BCP + NS). Collectively, these results suggest an effective analgesic effect of Metformin on mechanical allodynia of BCP rats, which may be mediated by the downregulation of ASIC3 and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ya Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Hao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China.,Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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32
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Singh SK, Apata T, Singh S, McFadden M, Singh R. Clinical Implication of Metformin in Relation to Diabetes Mellitus and Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081020. [PMID: 34440224 PMCID: PMC8394937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since multiple reports established an association between diabetes mellitus and various cancers, emerging studies have surfaced to understand the effects of metformin as an anti-cancer agent. Although there was previous, but conflicting evidence, of a relationship between diabetes and ovarian cancer (OvCa), recent studies have supported this association. The mechanism of cancer development in patients with diabetes is likely to involve hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species, regulation of cellular homeostasis, and activation of various pathways that lead to tumor cell proliferation. Preclinical evidence indicating that metformin, a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, may protect against OvCa. Metformin exerts anti-cancer properties by activating the MAPK pathway, inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, increasing tumor suppressor genes, inducing G2/M cycle arrest, and various other processes. Several studies have shown the efficacy of metformin as an adjunct with standard chemotherapeutic agents due to its synergistic effects on OvCa cells. This review highlights the epidemiologic evidence supporting a link between diabetes and OvCa, the fundamental molecular mechanism underlying carcinogenesis in patients with diabetes, the anti-cancer effects of metformin, and the need for further clinical investigations on combination therapies with metformin and standard chemotherapeutic agents for OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (S.K.S.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Tejumola Apata
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (S.K.S.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Shriti Singh
- Department of Kriya Sharir, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Melayshia McFadden
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (S.K.S.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (S.K.S.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-6661; Fax: +1-404-752-1179
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Zheng Y, Liu L, Wang Y, Xiao S, Mai R, Zhu Z, Cao Y. Glioblastoma stem cell (GSC)-derived PD-L1-containing exosomes activates AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy to increase temozolomide-resistance in glioblastoma. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:63. [PMID: 33789726 PMCID: PMC8011168 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ)-resistance hampers the therapeutic efficacy of this drug for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment in clinic, and emerging evidences suggested that exosomes from GBM-derived stem cells (GSCs) contributed to this process, but the detailed mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, we reported that GSCs derived programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) containing exosomes activated AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated protective autophagy enhanced TMZ-resistance in GBM in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we noticed that continuous low-dose TMZ stimulation promoted GSCs generation and PD-L1 containing exosomes (PD-L1-ex) secretion in GBM cells, and that PD-L1-ex inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell autophagy to increased TMZ-resistance in GBM cells, which were reversed by co-treating cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Consistently, upregulation of PD-L1 also increased TMZ-resistance in TS-GBM cells, and silencing of PD-L1 sensitized TR-GBM cells to TMZ. In addition, PD-L1-ex activated AMPK/ULK1 pathway to induce autophagy in TMZ treated GBM cells, and the inhibitors for AMPK (compound C) and ULK1 (SBI-0206965) promoted cell apoptosis in GBM cells co-treated with PD-L1-ex and high-dose TMZ. Finally, we evidenced that PD-L1-ex promoted tumor growth and Ki67 protein expressions to increase TMZ-resistance in GBM in vivo. Collectively, we concluded that GSCs-derived PD-L1-ex activated AMPK1/ULK1 signaling cascade mediated autophagy to increase TMZ-resistance in GBM, and this study provided potential strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China
| | - Rongkang Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China
| | - Zifeng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Longjing Second Road No. 118, Shenzhen, 518101, Guang Dong, China
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34
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Inhibition of T-cell-mediated immune response via the PD-1/ PD-L1 axis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173960. [PMID: 33617828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant biliary tract epithelium tumor. The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway has been implicated as an immune escape mechanism in several cancers. The present study aimed to assess the expression of PD-L1 on human CCA cell lines and its potential role in suppressing CD8+ T- cell function. A panel of intrahepatic CCA cell lines was evaluated for immune regulatory checkpoint ligands and inflammation markers. Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), on the expression of immune regulatory checkpoint ligands and inflammation markers were determined. The PD-L1 function was measured by co-culturing CCA cells with lymphocytes. Most of the selected Thai CCA cell lines, including HuCCA-1, RMCCA-1, KKU-100, and KKU-213, expressed higher PD-L1 than normal cholangiocyte MMNK-1 and ANK-1 cells. Both PD-L1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions were highest in HuCCA-1 cells. A 48 h treatment with IFN-γ increased the expression of PD-L1 and COX-2 in CCA cells. The expression of CTLA-4 ligands, including H7-1 and H7-2, did not change after IFN-γ treatment. Rofecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, mitigated IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression. After 48 h co-incubation, CD8+ T-cell apoptosis was increased as compared to the control group. Pretreatment of CCA cells with IFN-γ further increased CD8+ T-cell apoptosis. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, mitigated CCA cell escape phenomenon. The inhibition of T-cell-mediated immune response via the PD-L1/PD-1 axis are evidenced in intrahepatic CCA. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitor offers a potentially therapeutic strategy for CCA patients; however, further in vivo and clinical studies are required.
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35
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Dąbrowski M. Diabetes, Antidiabetic Medications and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on SGLT-2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041680. [PMID: 33562380 PMCID: PMC7915237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, cancer became the leading cause of death in the population under 65 in the European Union. Diabetes is also considered as a factor increasing risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with being overweight and obese, which also plays a role in malignancy. Among biological mechanisms linking diabetes and obesity with cancer hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, increased levels of growth factors, steroid and peptide hormones, oxidative stress and increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines are listed. Antidiabetic medications can modulate cancer risk through directly impacting metabolism of cancer cells as well as indirectly through impact on risk factors of malignancy. Some of them are considered beneficial (metformin and thiazolidinedions—with the exception of bladder cancer); on the other hand, excess of exogenous insulin may be potentially harmful, while other medications seem to have neutral impact on cancer risk. Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) are increasingly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, their association with cancer risk is unclear. The aim of this review was to analyze the anticancer potential of this class of drugs, as well as risks of site-specific malignancies associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Dąbrowski
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Al. Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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36
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Jachetti E, Sangaletti S, Chiodoni C, Ferrara R, Colombo MP. Modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in myeloid-derived suppressor cells by anti-cancer treatments. Cell Immunol 2021; 362:104301. [PMID: 33588246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immuno checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is the main breakthrough for the treatment of several cancers. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit from this treatment and clinical response not always correlates with PD-L1 expression by tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment, including myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), can influence therapeutic resistance to ICB. MDSCs also express PD-L1, which contributes to their suppressive activity. Moreover, anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone- and targeted- therapies can modulate MDSCs recruitment, activity and PD-L1 expression. Such effects can be induced also by innovative anticancer treatments targeting metabolism and lifestyle. The outcome on cancer progression can be either positive or negative, depending on tumor type, treatment schedule and possible combination with ICB. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of cancer therapies on the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, to identify patients that could benefit from combinatorial regimens including ICB or that rather should avoid it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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37
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Liu W, Wang Y, Luo J, Liu M, Luo Z. Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin on the Antitumor Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2021; 11:586760. [PMID: 33603734 PMCID: PMC7884468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important threat to public health because of its high morbidity and mortality. In recent decades, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered a new therapeutic era in clinical oncology. The rapid development of immune checkpoint therapy is due to its inspiring clinical efficacy in a group of cancer types. Metformin, an effective agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has shown beneficial effects on cancer prevention and cancer treatment. Emerging studies have suggested that metformin in combination with ICI treatment could improve the anticancer effects of ICIs. Hence, we conducted a review to summarize the effects of metformin on ICI therapy. We also review the pleiotropic mechanisms of metformin combined with ICIs in cancer therapy, including its direct and indirect effects on the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mouze Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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38
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Lee SK, Park MJ, Jhun JY, Beak JA, Choi JW, Rye JY, Jang JW, Bae SH, Yoon SK, Choi HJ, You YK, Cho ML, Choi JY. Combination Treatment With Metformin and Tacrolimus Improves Systemic Immune Cellular Homeostasis by Modulating Treg and Th17 Imbalance. Front Immunol 2021; 11:581728. [PMID: 33488583 PMCID: PMC7821164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of combination therapy with metformin and tacrolimus on immune parameters including T regulatory (Treg) and type 17 helper T (Th17) cells in vitro and in vivo in mice and in liver transplantation (LT) patients. T cell proliferation and subtypes after in vitro T cell activation or allogeneic stimulation were evaluated. RNA sequencing and microarray analysis were used to evaluate differences in gene expression. Metformin and tacrolimus were administered to mice with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the effects in vivo were assessed. Five LT patients were treated with metformin and the changes in Treg and Th17 cells examined. Combination therapy decreased Type 1 helper T (Th1) and Th17 cells present after in vitro T cell activation, whereas genes associated with Treg were overexpressed. During in vitro allogeneic stimulation, combination therapy increased Treg cells and decreased T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory markers. In mice with GVHD, combination treatment decreased the clinical and pathological severity of GVHD. In LT patients, addition of metformin increased the peripheral percentage of CD4+Treg and CD8+Treg cells and decreased CD4+Th17. Our study suggests that the addition of metformin to tacrolimus may improve immunological balance by increasing Treg cells and decreasing Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Kyu Lee
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Jhun
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Beak
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Rye
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kyoung You
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wu Q, Yao C, Xia H, Li C. Postoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII): A Superior Prognostic Factor of Endometrial Cancer. Front Surg 2021; 8:704235. [PMID: 34746222 PMCID: PMC8568766 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.704235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluates the preoperative and postoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) capacity to predict the prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma after the operation and build a nomogram model to assist clinical practice. Methods: The retrospective study included 362 consecutive patients with surgically resected endometrial cancer between January 2010 and June 2015 at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. Blood routine was examined within 1 week before surgery to calculate SII, NLR, PLR, and MLR and 3 days after surgery to measure SII. The Pearson's χ2-test or Fisher's exact test was used to explore their relationship to clinical variables. The univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed by Cox regression to identify the independent prognostic indicators. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to generate the overall survival (OS) curves. R software was used to generate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and then it got the optimum cutoff value through the maximum Youden index. A nomogram model was formed with systemic immune inflammation and clinical factors. Results: The preoperative SII was related to age (p = 0.009), FIGO stage (p = 0.02) and menopause (p = 0.014). The postoperative SII was associated with menopause (p = 0.014). Univariate analysis indicated that FIGO stage, lymphatic invasion, depth of myometrial invasion, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy, preoperative SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, CRP, CA125, and postoperative SII were predictors of OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that lymphatic invasion and postoperative SII were independent prognostic factors of OS (p < 0.05). The nomogram model was visualized precisely to reflect the prognosis with a C-index value of 0.866 in this model. Conclusion: The postoperative SII is the independent prognostic factor in patients with endometrial carcinoma after the operation and contributes to poor outcomes. However, after surgery, the preoperative SII and preoperative NLR, PLR, and MLR are not associated with OS endometrial carcinoma. Making good use of the nomogram model would contribute to better subsequent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chengyun Yao
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyun Yao
| | - Hongping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Hongping Xia
| | - Congzhu Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Congzhu Li
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40
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Kiesel L, Eichbaum C, Baumeier A, Eichbaum M. Obesity Epidemic-The Underestimated Risk of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3860. [PMID: 33371216 PMCID: PMC7767192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequently observed malignant gynecologic disease in developed countries. There is a strong association between the established risk factor obesity and the incidence of EC. Furthermore, the rate of women with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 is increasing worldwide, correspondingly leading to a higher prevalence of EC. Understanding the adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, elementary pathophysiological pathways of tumorigenesis have been revealed. This includes the fundamental role of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperestrogenemia, as well as interactions with a chronic proinflammatory microenvironment. Therapeutic options potentially include metformin or bariatric surgery. Moreover, changes in individual lifestyle such as weight reduction, physical activity, and an awareness of healthy nutrition are effective in preventing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Münster Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Christine Eichbaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Ariane Baumeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Münster Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Michael Eichbaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Dr. Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
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41
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Ahmadi M, Amiri S, Pecic S, Machaj F, Rosik J, Łos MJ, Alizadeh J, Mahdian R, da Silva Rosa SC, Schaafsma D, Shojaei S, Madrakian T, Zeki AA, Ghavami S. Pleiotropic effects of statins: A focus on cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165968. [PMID: 32927022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The statin drugs ('statins') potently inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase by competitively blocking the active site of the enzyme. Statins decrease de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and thereby reduce plasma cholesterol levels. Statins exhibit "pleiotropic" properties that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. For example, preclinical evidence suggests that statins inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in specific cancer cell types. Furthermore, statins show chemo-sensitizing effects by impairing Ras family GTPase signaling. However, whether statins have clinically meaningful anti-cancer effects remains an area of active investigation. Both preclinical and clinical studies on the potential mechanisms of action of statins in several cancers have been reviewed in the literature. Considering the contradictory data on their efficacy, we present an up-to-date summary of the pleiotropic effects of statins in cancer therapy and review their impact on different malignancies. We also discuss the synergistic anti-cancer effects of statins when combined with other more conventional anti-cancer drugs to highlight areas of potential therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, R4046 - 351 Taché Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simone C da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Shahla Shojaei
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Amir A Zeki
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine. U.C. Davis Lung Center, Davis, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, California, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Zhang W, Rhodes JS, Moon KR, Knudsen BS, Nokolova L, Zhou A. Imaging of PD-L1 in single cancer cells by SERS-based hyperspectral analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6197-6210. [PMID: 33282484 PMCID: PMC7687932 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hyperspectral imaging tool based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes to determine the expression level and visualize the distribution of PD-L1 in individual cells. Electron-microscopic analysis of PD-L1 antibody - gold nanorod conjugates demonstrated binding the cell surface and internalization into endosomal vesicles. Stimulation of cells with IFN-γ or metformin was used to confirm the ability of SERS probes to report treatment-induced changes. The multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis of spectra provided a greater signal-noise ratio than single peak mapping. However, single peak mapping allowed a systematic subtraction of background and the removal of non-specific binding and endocytic SERS signals. The mean or maximum peak height in the cell or the mean peak height in the area of specific PD-L1 positive pixels was used to estimate the PD-L1 expression levels in single cells. The PD-L1 levels were significantly up-regulated by IFN-γ and inhibited by metformin in human lung cancer cells from the A549 cell line. In conclusion, the method of analyzing hyperspectral SERS imaging data together with systematic and comprehensive removal of non-specific signals allows SERS imaging to be a quantitative tool in the detection of the cancer biomarker, PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jake S. Rhodes
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Kevin R. Moon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | | | - Linda Nokolova
- Electron Microscopy Core Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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43
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Zhang D, Xu X, Ye Q. Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer. Front Med 2020; 15:178-207. [PMID: 33074528 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. In the process of the malignant transformation of breast cancer, metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion represent the two main fascinating characteristics of cancer and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. Breast cancer cells generate energy through increased glucose metabolism. Lipid metabolism contributes to biological signal pathways and forms cell membranes except energy generation. Amino acids act as basic protein units and metabolic regulators in supporting cell growth. For tumor-associated immunity, poor immunogenicity and heightened immunosuppression cause breast cancer cells to evade the host's immune system. For the past few years, the complex mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are deeply investigated, and the genes involved in these processes are used as clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we review the recent findings related to abnormal metabolism and immune characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, their links, and relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Peng L, Wang X, Tang N. 2,5-dimethylcelecoxib improves immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting ubiquitination of HBx-induced PD-L1. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001377. [PMID: 33028694 PMCID: PMC7542662 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,5-dimethylcelecoxib (DMC) is a targeted inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), a key enzyme in the PGE2 synthesis pathway of inflammatory mediators. Previous studies have confirmed that DMC can inhibit the growth of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is not known whether DMC is involved in the changes of tumor immune microenvironment. Methods In this study, we explored the effects of DMC on HBV-related HCC immune microenvironment, and deeply analyzed its unique effect and mechanism on programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Results Clinical hepatoma tissues detection showed that compared with non-virus-related HCC, the level of CD8 of HBV-related HCC was significantly lower, while the levels of PD-L1 and CD163 were higher. In vivo experiments indicated that DMC could increase the level of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B virus X (HBx) (+) hepatoma cells implanted mouse models, and inhibit the expression of PD-L1 and CD163 in tumor tissues. DMC combined with atezolizumab had more significant antitumor effect and stronger blocking effect on PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Mechanism studies have shown that DMC can promote ubiquitin degradation of HBx-induced PD-L1 protein in HCC cells by activating adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway. Further experiments confirmed that this process was mainly mediated by E3 ligase RBX1. Conclusions Our results uncover a role for DMC in promoting HBV-related HCC immune microenvironment, which not only enrich the relationship between inflammatory factors (mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway) and immunosuppression (PD-L1), but also provide an important strategic reference for multitarget or combined immunotherapy of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lirong Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China .,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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45
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Saito A, Kitayama J, Horie H, Koinuma K, Ohzawa H, Yamaguchi H, Kawahira H, Mimura T, Lefor AK, Sata N. Metformin changes the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4012-4020. [PMID: 32794612 PMCID: PMC7648042 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological characteristics of resected CRC from patients treated with metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In total, 267 patients with DM underwent curative colectomy for Stage I‐III CRC and 53 (19.9%) patients had been treated medically including metformin. Pathological N‐stage was significantly lower in metformin‐treated patients (P < .05) with prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) (P < .05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the densities of CD3(+) and CD8(+) tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the invasive front area were significantly higher in 40 patients treated with metformin compared with propensity score matched cases without metformin (P < .05). The density of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in tumor stroma was markedly increased in metformin‐treated patients (P < .001). In those tumors, there were more CD68(+) tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) infiltrated (P < .05), while the ratio of CD163(+) M2‐phenotype was markedly reduced (P < .001). Stromal fibrosis tended to be suppressed by metformin intake (P = .051). These findings suggested that metformin drastically changes the characteristics of infiltrating immune cells in CRC and reprograms the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunocompetent status, which may lead to suppression of microscopic tumor spread and improve the outcomes of patients with CRC and type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koji Koinuma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahira
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Moghadam ER, Ang HL, Asnaf SE, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Yavari M, Esmaeili H, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP. Broad-Spectrum Preclinical Antitumor Activity of Chrysin: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1374. [PMID: 32992587 PMCID: PMC7600196 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological profile of phytochemicals has attracted much attention to their use in disease therapy. Since cancer is a major problem for public health with high mortality and morbidity worldwide, experiments have focused on revealing the anti-tumor activity of natural products. Flavonoids comprise a large family of natural products with different categories. Chrysin is a hydroxylated flavonoid belonging to the flavone category. Chrysin has demonstrated great potential in treating different disorders, due to possessing biological and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, etc. Over recent years, the anti-tumor activity of chrysin has been investigated, and in the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of the inhibitory effect of chrysin on proliferation and invasion of different cancer cells. Molecular pathways, such as Notch1, microRNAs, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), PI3K/Akt, MAPK, etc., as targets of chrysin are discussed. The efficiency of chrysin in promoting anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents and suppressing drug resistance is described. Moreover, poor bioavailability, as one of the drawbacks of chrysin, is improved using various nanocarriers, such as micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, etc. This updated review will provide a direction for further studies in evaluating the anti-tumor activity of chrysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Sholeh Etehad Asnaf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, IslamicAzad University, Tehran 165115331, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Mohammad Yavari
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
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The effect of metformin on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173458. [PMID: 32763300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin administration has been reported to influence the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in humans. However, since previously conducted studies have yielded inconsistent results, the exact effect of metformin on CIMT remains unclear. Causes that could lead to inconsistency in reported research could be the duration and dose of the intervention, as well as the sample size. To address this inconsistency, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of metformin on CIMT in human subjects. We identified eligible studies by searching several electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar) up to December 12, 2019. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. Combining data from 1087 participants (9 studies), our meta-analysis revealed that the administration of metformin resulted in a significant reduction in CIMT (WMD = -0.049 mm; 95% CI: -0.095, -0.004). Stratified analyses showed that an intervention lasting ≥12 months (WMD: -0.084 mm, 95% CI: -0.145, -0.024) and an intake of metformin ≤1500 mg/day (WMD: -0.081 mm, 95% CI: -0.132, -0.029) resulted in a significantly greater reduction in CIMT. However, an intervention duration of less than 12 months and an intake of metformin ˃1500 mg/day yielded no significant effects on CIMT. The results of the current study confirm that metformin administration is associated with a significant reduction in CIMT. Taking into account that CIMT reflects the burden of atherosclerosis, the clinical utility of metformin might also be related to its anti-atherogenic effects.
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Chen GG, Woo PYM, Ng SCP, Wong GKC, Chan DTM, van Hasselt CA, Tong MCF, Poon WS. Impact of metformin on immunological markers: Implication in its anti-tumor mechanism. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107585. [PMID: 32473961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug, has been known to have antitumor properties for around 15 years. Although there are a number of reports attributing the antitumor function of metformin to its impact on energy homeostasis and oxygen re-distribution in tumor microenvironment, detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the past several years, there is an increasing number of publications indicating that metformin can affect various immunological components including lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines and several key immunological molecules in both human and animal studies. These interesting results appear to be in line with emerging data that suggest associations between immune responses and energy homeostasis/oxygen re-distribution, which may explain effective impacts of metformin on immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases as well as cancers. This review article is to analyse and discuss recent development in the above areas with aim to justify metformin as a new adjuvant for immunotherapy against human cancers. We hope that our summary will help to optimize the application of metformin for various types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter Y M Woo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - George K C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny T M Chan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles A van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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49
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Zhao B, Luo J, Yu T, Zhou L, Lv H, Shang P. Anticancer mechanisms of metformin: A review of the current evidence. Life Sci 2020; 254:117717. [PMID: 32339541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved "star" drug used for diabetes mellitus type 2, has become a topic of increasing interest to researchers due to its anti-neoplastic effects. Growing evidence has demonstrated that metformin may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials of metformin use in cancer treatment are ongoing. However, the anti-neoplastic effects of metformin and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we present the newest findings on the anticancer activities of metformin, and highlight its diverse anticancer mechanisms. Several clinical trials, as well as the limitations of the current evidence are also demonstrated. This review explores the crucial roles of metformin and provides supporting evidence for the repurposing of metformin as a treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tongyao Yu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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50
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Bailly C. Regulation of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells with ROS-modulating drugs. Life Sci 2020; 246:117403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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