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Daim SUR, Alsermani A, Althomali RK, Ashraf MF, AlSermani M. Acute extensive pulmonary embolism after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:4087-4090. [PMID: 39104450 PMCID: PMC11298809 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines, a cornerstone of the fight against the disease have generally proven to be safe with most commonly reported side effects being mild and self-limiting. Uncommon severe adverse effects like thromboembolism have been reported during postmarketing surveillance. Viral-based vector vaccines have been most commonly implicated in these reports. Our report however portrays a case of a 26-year-old female who developed extensive pulmonary embolism following administration of the Pfizer- BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The patient did not have any risk factors for thromboembolism. She was admitted, put on enoxaparin, and given Altaplase thrombolytic therapy. Her condition improved and she was discharged on Apixaban. The Thrombophilia screen performed on the 6-month follow-up was negative and following the resolution of thrombosis, Apixaban was stopped. Our case highlights the importance of continued surveillance of uncommon adverse effects and the need for prompt diagnosis and management of such side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya Alsermani
- Department of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Maamoun AlSermani
- Department of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pacheco G, Lopes ALF, Oliveira APD, Corrêa WDRM, Lima LDB, Souza MHLPD, Teles AS, Nicolau LAD, Medeiros JVR. Comprehensive analysis of gastrointestinal side effects in COVID-19 patients undergoing combined pharmacological treatment with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:345-358. [PMID: 38860720 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2348169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several drugs were repositioned and combined to quickly find a way to mitigate the effects of the infection. However, the adverse effects of these combinations on the gastrointestinal tract are unknown. We aimed investigate whether Hydroxychloroquine (HD), Azithromycin (AZ), and Ivermectin (IV) used in combination for the treatment of COVID-19, can lead to the development of gastrointestinal disorders. This is a systematic review and network meta-analysis conducted using Stata and Revman software, respectively. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023372802). A search of clinical trials in Cochrane Library databases, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus and Clinicaltrials.gov conducted on November 26, 2023. The eligibility of the studies was assessed based on PICO criteria, including trials that compared different treatments and control group. The analysis of the quality of the evidence was carried out according to the GRADE. Six trials involving 1,686 COVID-19 patients were included. No trials on the association of HD or AZ with IV met the inclusion criteria, only studies on the association between HD and AZ were included. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and increased transaminases were related. The symptoms of vomiting and nausea were evaluated through a network meta-analysis, while the symptom of abdominal pain was evaluated through a meta-analysis. No significant associations with these symptoms were observed for HD, AZ, or their combination, compared to control. Low heterogeneity and absence of inconsistency in indirect and direct comparisons were noted. Limitations included small sample sizes, varied drug dosages, and potential publication bias during the pandemic peak. This review unveils that there are no associations between gastrointestinal adverse effects and the combined treatment of HD with AZ in the management of COVID-19, as compared to either the use of a control group or the administration of the drugs individually, on the other hand, highlighting the very low or low certainty of evidence for the evaluated outcomes. To accurately conclude the absence of side effects, further high-quality randomized studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pacheco
- Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Post-graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - André Luis Fernandes Lopes
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (BIOTEC), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Daniel Batista Lima
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (BIOTEC), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Ariel Soares Teles
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (BIOTEC), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Maranhão (IFMA), Araioses, MA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (BIOTEC), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Post-graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (BIOTEC), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
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Yılmaz M, Mirzaoğlu Ç. Recovery from Severe COVID-19 Is an Independent Predictor of Electrocardiographic Abnormal P-Wave Axis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1326. [PMID: 39001217 PMCID: PMC11240735 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Abnormal P-wave axis (aPwa) have been correlated with an increased risk of supraventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to analyze whether infection with COVID-19 may cause a predisposition for supraventricular arrhythmia in the long term, following recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 252 subjects with a confirmed history of COVID-19 (recovered COVID-19) and 251 healthy subjects without a history of COVID-19 were included. The recovered COVID-19 group was divided into three subgroups designated as mild, moderate, and severe according to the severity score of their chest CT. The aPwa data were obtained using 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and compared between the healthy subjects and the recovered COVID-19 subgroups. RESULTS This study showed that in the recovered severe COVID-19 subgroup the prevalence of aPwa was significantly increased compared to the controls and the other COVID-19 subgroups. No correlation could be detected in Spearman's Rho correlation between the existence of aPwa and the number of positive PCR tests for COVID-19 and the time elapsed after infection with COVID-19. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that recovery from severe COVID-19, the severity score of the chest CT in the recovered from COVID-19 subjects, and the existence of hypertension (HT) were all independent predictors of aPwa (hazard ratio: 3.542, 95% confidence interval: 1.398-8.969, p: 0.01; hazard ratio: 0.896, 95% confidence interval: 0.840-0.955, p < 0.001; hazard ratio: 2.710, 95% confidence interval: 1.079-6.804, p: 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Individuals who have recovered from severe COVID-19 have shown an increased prevalence of aPwa. The existence of aPwa was not associated with the number of positive PCR tests for COVID-19 or the time elapsed after infection with COVID-19. Therefore, recovery from severe COVID-19 is an independent predictor of electrocardiographic abnormal P-wave axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahid Yılmaz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23280 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Çetin Mirzaoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23280 Elazığ, Turkey
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Chang CK, Chen CS, Jian MJ, Chung HY, Chang FY, Lin JC, Hsieh SS, Tang SH, Perng CL, Chen CW, Chiu CH, Shang HS. Monitoring coronavirus disease progression and clinical impact through quantitative viral load testing. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 560:119731. [PMID: 38754576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The viral load (VL) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals is critical for improving clinical treatment strategies, care, and decisions. Several studies have reported that the initial SARS-CoV-2 VL is associated with disease severity and mortality. Cycle threshold (Ct) values and/or copies/mL are often used to quantify VL. However, a multitude of platforms, primer/probe sets of different SARS-CoV-2 target genes, and reference material manufacturers may cause inconsistent interlaboratory interpretations. The first International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantitative assays has allowed diagnostic laboratories to transition SARS-CoV-2 VL results into international units per milliliter (IU/mL). The Cobas SARS-CoV-2 Duo quantitative assay provides VL results expressed in IU/mL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 145 and 50 SARS-CoV-2-positive, hospitalized and 50-negative individuals at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan from January to May 2022. Each participant's electronic medical record was reviewed to determine asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected using universal transport medium. We investigated the association of SARS-CoV-2 VL with disease severity using the Cobas SARS-CoV-2 Duo quantitative assay and its functionality in clinical assessment and decision making to further improve clinical treatment strategies. Limit of detection (LOD) was assessed. RESULTS All 50 SARS-CoV-2-negative samples confirmed negative for SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating 100 % specificity of the Cobas SARS-CoV-2 Duo assay. Patients with severe symptoms had longer hospital stays, and the length of hospital stay (30.56 days on average) positively correlated with the VL (8.22 ± 1.21 log10 IU/mL). Asymptomatic patients had the lowest VL (5.54 ± 2.06 log10 IU/mL) at admission and the shortest hospital stay (14.1 days on average). CONCLUSIONS VL is associated with disease severity and duration of hospitalization; therefore, its quantification should be considered when making clinical care decisions and treatment strategies. The Cobas SARS-CoV-2 Duo assay provides a commutable unitage IU/mL for interlaboratory interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Chang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Sheng Chen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jr Jian
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Yi Chung
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-Chung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Hsieh
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Tang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cherng-Lih Perng
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Israr J, Alam S, Kumar A. Drug repurposing for respiratory infections. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:207-230. [PMID: 38942538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory infections such as Coronavirus disease 2019 are a substantial worldwide health challenge, frequently resulting in severe sickness and death, especially in susceptible groups. Conventional drug development for respiratory infections faces obstacles such as extended timescales, substantial expenses, and the rise of resistance to current treatments. Drug repurposing is a potential method that has evolved to quickly find and reuse existing medications for treating respiratory infections. Drug repurposing utilizes medications previously approved for different purposes, providing a cost-effective and time-efficient method to tackle pressing medical needs. This chapter summarizes current progress and obstacles in repurposing medications for respiratory infections, focusing on notable examples of repurposed pharmaceuticals and their probable modes of action. The text also explores the significance of computational approaches, high-throughput screening, and preclinical investigations in identifying potential candidates for repurposing. The text delves into the significance of regulatory factors, clinical trial structure, and actual data in confirming the effectiveness and safety of repurposed medications for respiratory infections. Drug repurposing is a valuable technique for quickly increasing the range of treatments for respiratory infections, leading to better patient outcomes and decreasing the worldwide disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juveriya Israr
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabroz Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Qiu B, Zandkarimi F, Saqi A, Castagna C, Tan H, Sekulic M, Miorin L, Hibshoosh H, Toyokuni S, Uchida K, Stockwell BR. Fatal COVID-19 pulmonary disease involves ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3816. [PMID: 38769293 PMCID: PMC11106344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe pulmonary manifestations, with poorly understood mechanisms and limited treatment options. Hyperferritinemia and disrupted lung iron homeostasis in COVID-19 patients imply that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, may occur. Immunostaining and lipidomic analysis in COVID-19 lung autopsies reveal increases in ferroptosis markers, including transferrin receptor 1 and malondialdehyde accumulation in fatal cases. COVID-19 lungs display dysregulation of lipids involved in metabolism and ferroptosis. We find increased ferritin light chain associated with severe COVID-19 lung pathology. Iron overload promotes ferroptosis in both primary cells and cancerous lung epithelial cells. In addition, ferroptosis markers strongly correlate with lung injury severity in a COVID-19 lung disease model using male Syrian hamsters. These results reveal a role for ferroptosis in COVID-19 pulmonary disease; pharmacological ferroptosis inhibition may serve as an adjuvant therapy to prevent lung damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Candace Castagna
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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7
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Onofre-Camarena DB, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gómez-Oliván LM, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Jerónimo Juárez JR, Herrera-Vázquez SE. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 era drug combinations on hepatic functionality: A thorough investigation in adult Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123997. [PMID: 38636837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Current and thorough information on the ecotoxicological consequences of pharmaceuticals is accessible globally. However, there remains a substantial gap in knowledge concerning the potentially toxic effects of COVID-19 used drugs, individually and combined, on aquatic organisms. Given the factors above, our investigation assumes pivotal importance in elucidating whether or not paracetamol, dexamethasone, metformin, and their tertiary mixtures might prompt histological impairment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of zebrafish. The findings indicated that all treatments, except paracetamol, augmented the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAD), along with elevating the levels of oxidative biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxides (HPC), and protein carbonyl content (PCC). Paracetamol prompted a reduction in the activities SOD and CAT and exhibited the most pronounced toxic response when compared to the other treatments. The gene expression patterns paralleled those of oxidative stress, with all treatments demonstrating overexpression of bax, bcl2, and p53. The above suggested a probable apoptotic response in the liver of the fish. Nevertheless, our histological examinations revealed that none of the treatments induced an apoptotic or inflammatory response in the hepatocytes. Instead, the observed tissue alterations encompassed leukocyte infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, pyknosis, fatty degeneration, diffuse congestion, and vacuolization. In summary, the hepatic toxicity elicited by COVID-19 drugs in zebrafish was less pronounced than anticipated. This attenuation could be attributed to metformin's antioxidant and hormetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Belen Onofre-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Jerónimo Juárez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Selene Elizabeth Herrera-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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8
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Menhat M, Ariffin EH, Dong WS, Zakaria J, Ismailluddin A, Shafril HAM, Muhammad M, Othman AR, Kanesan T, Ramli SP, Akhir MF, Ratnayake AS. Rain, rain, go away, come again another day: do climate variations enhance the spread of COVID-19? Global Health 2024; 20:43. [PMID: 38745248 PMCID: PMC11092248 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of infectious diseases was further promoted due to busy cities, increased travel, and climate change, which led to outbreaks, epidemics, and even pandemics. The world experienced the severity of the 125 nm virus called the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Many investigations revealed a strong correlation between humidity and temperature relative to the kinetics of the virus's spread into the hosts. This study aimed to solve the riddle of the correlation between environmental factors and COVID-19 by applying RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) with the designed research question. Five temperature and humidity-related themes were deduced via the review processes, namely 1) The link between solar activity and pandemic outbreaks, 2) Regional area, 3) Climate and weather, 4) Relationship between temperature and humidity, and 5) the Governmental disinfection actions and guidelines. A significant relationship between solar activities and pandemic outbreaks was reported throughout the review of past studies. The grand solar minima (1450-1830) and solar minima (1975-2020) coincided with the global pandemic. Meanwhile, the cooler, lower humidity, and low wind movement environment reported higher severity of cases. Moreover, COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases were higher in countries located within the Northern Hemisphere. The Blackbox of COVID-19 was revealed through the work conducted in this paper that the virus thrives in cooler and low-humidity environments, with emphasis on potential treatments and government measures relative to temperature and humidity. HIGHLIGHTS: • The coronavirus disease 2019 (COIVD-19) is spreading faster in low temperatures and humid area. • Weather and climate serve as environmental drivers in propagating COVID-19. • Solar radiation influences the spreading of COVID-19. • The correlation between weather and population as the factor in spreading of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Menhat
- Faculty of Maritime Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Effi Helmy Ariffin
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Shiao Dong
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Junainah Zakaria
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aminah Ismailluddin
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Mahazan Muhammad
- Social, Environmental and Developmental Sustainability Research Center, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rosli Othman
- Institute of Geology Malaysia, Board of Geologists, 62100, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Thavamaran Kanesan
- Executive Office, Proofreading By A UK PhD, 51-1, Biz Avenue II, 63000, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Pil Ramli
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzil Akhir
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Chaganti S, Kushwah BS, Velip L, Tiwari SS, Chilvery S, Godugu C, Samanthula G. In vivo and in vitro metabolite profiling of nirmatrelvir using LC-Q-ToF-MS/MS along with the in silico approaches for prediction of metabolites and their toxicity. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5849. [PMID: 38403275 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nirmatrelvir (NRV), a 3C-like protease or Mpro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, is used for the treatment of COVID-19 in adult and paediatric patients. The present study was accomplished to investigate the comprehensive metabolic fate of NRV using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro models used for the study were microsomes (human liver microsomes, rat liver microsomes, mouse liver microsomes) and S9 fractions (human liver S9 fractions and rat liver S9 fractions) with the appropriate cofactors, whereas Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the in vivo models. Nirmatrelvir was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats, which was followed by the collection of urine, faeces and blood at pre-determined time intervals. Protein precipitation was used as the sample preparation method for all the samples. The samples were then analysed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS/MS) using an Acquity BEH C18 column with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Four metabolites were found to be novel, which were formed via amide hydrolysis, oxidation and hydroxylation. Furthermore, an in silico analysis was performed using Meteor Nexus software to predict the probable metabolic changes of NRV. The toxicity and mutagenicity of NRV and its metabolites were also determined using DEREK Nexus and SARAH Nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bhoopendra Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Laximan Velip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shristy S Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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10
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Zhou Y, Chen C, Chen Y, Ding Y, Li S, Wu J, Hong S, Lu B, Liang H, Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Yin W, Hu C. Synthetic steroid of 5α-Androst-3β,5α,6β-Triol alleviates acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111486. [PMID: 38326121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe and potentially fatal respiratory condition with limited treatment options. The pathological evolution of ALI is driven by persistent inflammation, destruction of the pulmonary vascular barrier and oxidative stress. Evidence from prior investigations has identified 5α-androst-3β,5α,6β-Triol (TRIOL), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring neuroprotective compound cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, the precise effects of TRIOL on alleviating lung injury along with the mechanisms, have remained largely unexplored. Here, TRIOL exhibited pronounced inhibitory actions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress damage in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells. This protective effect is achieved by its ability to mitigate oxidative stress and restrain the inflammatory cascade orchestrated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), thereby preserving the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial barrier. We further validated that TRIOL can attenuate LPS-induced lung injury in rats and mice by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and improving pulmonary edema. Furthermore, TRIOL decreased the pro-inflammatory factors and increased of anti-inflammatory factors induced by LPS. In conclusion, our study presents TRIOL as a promising novel candidate for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuWei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - YuPin Chen
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - YuXuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - ShengLong Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - JiaXin Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - ShiRan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - BingZheng Lu
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - HuaFeng Liang
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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11
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Gholinataj Jelodar M, Mirzaei S, Saghafi F, Rafieian S, Rezaei S, Saatchi A, Dehghani Avare Z, Dehghan Niri M. Impact of vaccination status on clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:254. [PMID: 38395855 PMCID: PMC10893624 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is important to identify the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccination status and the prognosis of this disease in hospitalized patients to gain a more accurate picture of their status and the effect of vaccination, as well as take necessary measures to improve their medical care. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the vaccination status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the disease severity index in terms of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria. METHODS This research is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. the study population consisted of patients with a positive RT-PCR test for coronavirus, admitted to COVID-19 departments of teaching hospitals in Yazd, Iran, during two months in the sixth peak of COVID-19. The patients' data comprised demographic information (age, sex, and underlying disease), clinical information (length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, and vaccination status), disease outcome (mortality and intubation), laboratory information (ESR, CRP, and NLR), and imaging information (lung involvement percentage), and finally, the relationship between patients' vaccination status and disease severity indices were analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence interval (CI). FINDINGS According to research findings, the duration of hospitalization was 5.25 ± 2.34 and 6.11 ± 3.88 days in groups of patients with complete and incomplete vaccination, respectively (P = 0.003). The lengths of ICU stay were 6 ± 4.63 and 5.23 ± 3.73 days in both groups of patients admitted to the ICU (P = 0.395). Furthermore, there were significant relationships between the ICU admission rates, endotracheal intubation, mortality rate, the lung involvement score in the chest CT scan, and the NLR with the vaccination status.Multivariate regression analysis indicated that DM, IHD, NLR, CT scan score and vaccination status were related to patients' in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Complete vaccination of COVID-19 led to a milder disease in terms of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria of patients and decreased the possibility of hospitalization in ICUs, intubation, and mortality in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gholinataj Jelodar
- Clinical Research Development Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mirzaei
- Clinical Research Development Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Saghafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahab Rafieian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Rezaei
- Clinical Research Development Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Saatchi
- Clinical Research Development Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ziba Dehghani Avare
- Clinical Research Development Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdie Dehghan Niri
- Clinical Research Development Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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12
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Ciaglia T, Vestuto V, Di Sarno V, Musella S, Smaldone G, Di Matteo F, Napolitano V, Miranda MR, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Novi S, Capolupo I, Bifulco G, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Manfra M, Ostacolo C, Lauro G, Bertamino A. Peptidomimetics as potent dual SARS-CoV-2 cathepsin-L and main protease inhibitors: In silico design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116128. [PMID: 38232463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of peptidomimetics acting as potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Starting from our previously described Main Protease (MPro) and Papain Like Protease (PLPro) dual inhibitor, CV11, here we disclose its high inhibitory activity against cathepsin L (CTSL) (IC50 = 19.80 ± 4.44 nM), an emerging target in SARS-CoV-2 infection machinery. An in silico design, inspired by the structure of CV11, led to the development of a library of peptidomimetics showing interesting activities against CTSL and Mpro, allowing us to trace the chemical requirements for the binding to both enzymes. The screening in Vero cells infected with 5 different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns, highlighted sub-micromolar activities for most of the synthesized compounds (13, 15, 16, 17 and 31) in agreement with the enzymatic inhibition assays results. The compounds showed lack of activity against several different RNA viruses except for the 229E and OC43 human coronavirus strains, also characterized by a cathepsin-L dependent release into the host cells. The most promising derivatives were also evaluated for their chemical and metabolic in-vitro stability, with derivatives 15 and 17 showing a suitable profile for further preclinical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Sara Novi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capolupo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi 50, 84125, Salerno, Italy
| | - Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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13
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de Almeida Marques DP, Andrade LAF, Reis EVS, Clarindo FA, Moraes TDFS, Lourenço KL, De Barros WA, Costa NEM, Andrade LMD, Lopes-Ribeiro Á, Coêlho Maciel MS, Corrêa-Dias LC, de Almeida IN, Arantes TS, Litwinski VCV, de Oliveira LC, Serafim MSM, Maltarollo VG, Guatimosim SC, Silva MM, Tsuji M, Ferreira RS, Barreto LV, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, da Fonseca FG, De Fátima Â, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA. New anti-SARS-CoV-2 aminoadamantane compounds as antiviral candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. Virus Res 2024; 340:199291. [PMID: 38065303 PMCID: PMC10733093 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, the antiviral activity of aminoadamantane derivatives were evaluated against SARS-CoV-2. The compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity to Vero, HEK293 and CALU-3 cells up to a concentration of 1,000 µM. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of aminoadamantane was 39.71 µM in Vero CCL-81 cells and the derivatives showed significantly lower IC50 values, especially for compounds 3F4 (0.32 µM), 3F5 (0.44 µM) and 3E10 (1.28 µM). Additionally, derivatives 3F5 and 3E10 statistically reduced the fluorescence intensity of SARS-CoV-2 protein S from Vero cells at 10 µM. Transmission microscopy confirmed the antiviral activity of the compounds, which reduced cytopathic effects induced by the virus, such as vacuolization, cytoplasmic projections, and the presence of myelin figures derived from cellular activation in the face of infection. Additionally, it was possible to observe a reduction of viral particles adhered to the cell membrane and inside several viral factories, especially after treatment with 3F4. Moreover, although docking analysis showed favorable interactions in the catalytic site of Cathepsin L, the enzymatic activity of this enzyme was not inhibited significantly in vitro. The new derivatives displayed lower predicted toxicities than aminoadamantane, which was observed for either rat or mouse models. Lastly, in vivo antiviral assays of aminoadamantane derivatives in BALB/cJ mice after challenge with the mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2, corroborated the robust antiviral activity of 3F4 derivative, which was higher than aminoadamantane and its other derivatives. Therefore, aminoadamantane derivatives show potential broad-spectrum antiviral activity, which may contribute to COVID-19 treatment in the face of emerging and re-emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisymara Priscila de Almeida Marques
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Adan Flores Andrade
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Tecnológico de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erik Vinicius Sousa Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Alves Clarindo
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Fátima Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Karine Lima Lourenço
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Tecnológico de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wellington Alves De Barros
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nathália Evelyn Morais Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lídia Maria de Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariella Sousa Coêlho Maciel
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laura Cardoso Corrêa-Dias
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Neves de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Micobacterioses, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thalita Souza Arantes
- Centro de Microscopia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Costa Vasconcelos Litwinski
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Sá Magalhães Serafim
- Laboratório de Virus, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos da Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia Carolina Guatimosim
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Morais Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Valença Barreto
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Tecnológico de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ângelo De Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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14
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Simonetti A, Bernardi E, Sani G. Novel Advancements in COVID-19 and Neuroscience. J Pers Med 2024; 14:143. [PMID: 38392577 PMCID: PMC10890030 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
From an initial cluster of cases reported in Wuhan, the SARS-Cov-2 infection has since spread globally, causing a pandemic that began on 11 March 2020 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evelina Bernardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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15
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Ebrahimi A, Roshani F. Systems biology approaches to identify driver genes and drug combinations for treating COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2257. [PMID: 38278931 PMCID: PMC10817985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corona virus 19 (Covid-19) has caused many problems in public health, economic, and even cultural and social fields since the beginning of the epidemic. However, in order to provide therapeutic solutions, many researches have been conducted and various omics data have been published. But there is still no early diagnosis method and comprehensive treatment solution. In this manuscript, by collecting important genes related to COVID-19 and using centrality and controllability analysis in PPI networks and signaling pathways related to the disease; hub and driver genes have been identified in the formation and progression of the disease. Next, by analyzing the expression data, the obtained genes have been evaluated. The results show that in addition to the significant difference in the expression of most of these genes, their expression correlation pattern is also different in the two groups of COVID-19 and control. Finally, based on the drug-gene interaction, drugs affecting the identified genes are presented in the form of a bipartite graph, which can be used as the potential drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Physics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Chen LN, Shou ZX, Jin X. Interaction Between Genetic Susceptibility and COVID-19 Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders: The Role of Immune Responses. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:1-11. [PMID: 38271561 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) symptoms reminiscent of Kawasaki disease in children, including fever, heightened multisystem inflammation, and multiorgan involvement, posing a life-threatening complication. Consequently, extensive research endeavors in pediatric have aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between COVID-19 infection and the immune system. COVID-19 profoundly impacts immune cells, culminating in a cytokine storm that particularly inflicts damage on the pulmonary system. The gravity and vulnerability to COVID-19 are closely intertwined with the vigor of the immune response. In this context, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule assumes pivotal significance in shaping immune responses. Genetic scrutiny of HLA has unveiled the presence of at least one deleterious allele in children afflicted with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Furthermore, research has demonstrated that COVID-19 exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, transmembrane serine protease type 2, and various other genes to gain entry into host cells, with individuals harboring ACE-2 polymorphisms being at higher risk. Pediatric studies have employed diverse genetic methodologies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing, to scrutinize target genes. These investigations have pinpointed two specific genomic loci linked to the severity and susceptibility of COVID-19, with the HLA locus emerging as a notable risk factor. In this comprehensive review article, we endeavor to assess the available evidence and consolidate data, offering insights into current clinical practices and delineating avenues for future research. Our objective is to advance early diagnosis, stabilization, and appropriate management strategies to mitigate genetic susceptibility's impact on the incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with multisystem inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhang-Xuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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17
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Davoutis E, Panou C, Stachika N, Dalla C, Kokras N. Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 drug therapies and antidepressants. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:937-950. [PMID: 37934891 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2280750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antidepressants are widely used for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety and mood disorders. Since the eruption of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic and the later development of targeted treatments against COVID-19, inevitably many patients receive antidepressants as well as targeted treatments against COVID-19 against COVID-19. Co-administration of antidepressants with COVID-19 therapeutics has the potential of drug-drug interactions, of varying severity and clinical significance. AREAS COVERED This is a curated narrative review of the current state of the art regarding drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 therapeutics and medications licensed for the pharmacotherapy of depression. A systematic search of electronic databases, using as keywords the international nonproprietaty names of currently approved COVID-19 therapeutics and antidepressants was performed, and additionally online interaction checker tools were consulted. Derived data were synthesized for each COVID-19 therapeutic and presented with up-to-date guidance. EXPERT OPINION Several COVID-19 therapeutics have potential for drug-drug interactions with antidepressants. Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir have the higher risk, whereas several monoclonal antibodies appear safer. The most serious drug-drug interactions (serotonin syndrome and QTc prolongation) require close monitoring; however, DDI toward reducing the efficacy of antidepressants may be difficult to recognize. As COVID-19 treatment protocols take precedence, psychiatrists should exert flexibility in antidepressant use and proactively monitor treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Davoutis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysa Panou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolina Stachika
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Mokhber Dezfuli M, Abbasi Dezfuli A, Ghorbani F, Razaghi M, Soleimani S, Daneshmand M, Sheikhy A, Sheikhy K. Surgical Interventions in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pleural and Pulmonary Complications: A Case Series of the Tertiary Thoracic Surgery Center Experience. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:936-941. [PMID: 37906105 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In most cases of pulmonary or pleural post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications, surgical interventions are performed to treat these complications, but the method of the surgery and its outcome in these patients is not clearly defined. We present 40 patients with pulmonary and pleural complications after COVID-19 who required surgical intervention. Patients and Methods: In this case series, patients' data were prospectively collected from April to August 2022 at Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Inclusion criteria were patients with COVID-19 who were referred to the thoracic surgery department because of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, empyema, infected or non-infected pneumatocele, and lung cavity with suspected fungal infections. The required intervention for each patient was assessed. Results: Patients' mean age was 49.21 ± 11.5 (30-69 years). Nine patients (22.5%) were female. Pure pleural effusion was reported in five (12.5 %), pneumothorax in eight (20%), empyema in 29 (72.5%), and infected pneumatocele in two patients (5%). Twelve patients had bronchial fistulas that were clarified at the time of surgery that needed repair after resection. In 13 patients (32.5%) because of pleural effusion or pneumothorax, a chest tube was inserted and after two weeks lungs were fully expanded. All patients with pneumothorax were managed by chest tube initially but in the presence of continuous air leakage and non-expanding lungs surgical thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were considered for correction. In 10 patients who required thoracotomy, the chest tube was necessary for more than one month. In most of the patients, there were small cystic lesions or peripheral bronchopleural fistula. In 17 (42.5%) cases of empyema, necrotic pneumonia was documented and eight patients (20%) had aspergillus infection in the pathology report and two patients had a pulmonary abscess. Conclusions: Pleural COVID-19 complications can be treated with conventional surgical methods such as chest tube insertion, and debridement of infected tissue with no mortality and further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mokhber Dezfuli
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollah Abbasi Dezfuli
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Razaghi
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Soleimani
- Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Daneshmand
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhy
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Sheikhy
- Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Han Y, Yang Z, Fang S, Zhang M, Xie Z, Fan Y, Zhao T. Data-mining-based of ancient traditional Chinese medicine records from 475 BC to 1949 to potentially treat COVID-19. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2984-2996. [PMID: 35263033 PMCID: PMC9082487 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays a role in preventing and treating COVID-19 in China. Based on the manifestations and symptoms of COVID-19, our study used the data mining method to summarize related therapeutic experience left by predecessors who used TCM to treat epidemics in their eras. Initially, we collected abundant medical records with similar manifestations of COVID-19 in Chinese ancient times. The key words including wen (), yi (), li (), and zhang () were searched in ZhongyiZhiku (https://www.zk120.com/) from Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC) to the Republic of China era (1912-1949) to locate ancient medical records according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Moreover, COVID-19-related manifestations and corresponding medications in those records were categorized. Eventually, Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System version 2.5 was used to build a medical record database of TCM treating COVID-19. Our study collected 263 epidemic medical records comprising COVID-19 related manifestations and found that Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) combinations excavated from ancient medical records included Ren Shen Bai Du San, Wu Ling San, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Da Cheng Qi Tang, Da Chai Hu Tang, Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang, and Qing Wen Bai Du Yin. The recurrent CMMs with a high frequency for treating COVID-19 manifestations were Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin), Paeoniae Alba Radix (Bai Shao), Poria (Fu Ling), and Bupleuri Radix (Chai Hu). Our study suggests that TCM might offer new therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxue Han
- The First School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zi Yang
- The Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shan Fang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengqing Zhang
- The First School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhijun Xie
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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20
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Cappelletti P, Gallo G, Marino R, Palaniappan S, Corbo M, Savoia C, Feligioni M. From cardiovascular system to brain, the potential protective role of Mas Receptors in COVID-19 infection. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176061. [PMID: 37775018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a new pandemic in March 2020. Although most patients are asymptomatic, those with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities may develop a more severe systemic infection which is often associated with fatal pneumonia. Nonetheless, neurological and cardiovascular manifestations could be present even without respiratory symptoms. To date, no COVID-19-specific drugs are able for preventing or treating the infection and generally, the symptoms are relieved with general anti-inflammatory drugs. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) may function as the receptor for virus entry within the cells favoring the progression of infection in the organism. On the other hand, ACE2 is a relevant enzyme in renin angiotensin system (RAS) cascade fostering Ang1-7/Mas receptor activation which promotes protective effects in neurological and cardiovascular systems. It is known that RAS is composed by two functional countervailing axes the ACE/AngII/AT1 receptor and the ACE/AngII/AT2 receptor which counteracts the actions mediated by AngII/AT1 receptor by inducing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-growth functions. Subsequently an "alternative" ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas receptor axis has been described with functions similar to the latter protective arm. Here, we discuss the neurological and cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 highlighting the role of the stimulation of the RAS "alternative" protective arm in attenuating pulmonary, cerebral and cardiovascular damages. In conclusion, only two clinical trials are running for Mas receptor agonists but few other molecules are in preclinical phase and if successful these drugs might represent a successful strategy for the treatment of the acute phase of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Cappelletti
- Department of Neuro-Rehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Marino
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neuro-Rehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Department of Neuro-Rehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Kim J, Hwang IW, Park JH, Kim Y, Lee JM. Effects of COVID-19 outbreak on Korean adolescents: Impact of altered economic perception on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress levels in an age-, gender-, and BMI-matched study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294270. [PMID: 37956137 PMCID: PMC10642811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study is to examine the disparities in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and stress levels in Korean adolescents concerning changes in their perception of family economic status (ES) during COVID-19. Among a total of 6144 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18, the participants were categorized into two groups based on their responses regarding changes in their family ES due to COVID-19: Declined ES (n = 3072) and Non-changed ES (n = 3072), with matching in terms of age, gender, and BMI. All variables were assessed using the 16th year (2020) of the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS 26.0 version, employing independent t-tests to examine anthropometrics' differences and multinominal logistic regression to predict the impact of perception of family ES on PA, SB, and stress while comparing the two groups. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Adolescents in the Declined ES group were 1.2 times more likely to engage in MVPA for less than 420 mins/wk (OR = 1.16, p = 0.039), 1.7 times more likely to meet recommended muscular strength activities (i.e., ≥ 3 days/wk) (OR = 1.70, p < 0.001), 37% less likely to not meet recommended recreational sitting time (i.e., ≥ 840 mins/wk) (OR = 0.63, p < 0.01), and were 2.1 times more likely to experience very severe stress level than the Non-changed ES group (p < 0.001). These results shed light on the importance of promoting mental health care in adolescents, regardless of PA levels, for their well-being during potential future pandemics. Understanding the impact of perceived ES changes on health behaviors can inform targeted interventions and support strategies to improve the mental health outcomes of adolescents during challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - In-Whi Hwang
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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22
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Peng S, Husnain Raza Shah S, Mei S, Gene Vong E, Sun Y, Zhan J. RBD-specific single-chain antibody protects against acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111020. [PMID: 37812969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue spreading globally, the discovery of broad spectrum therapeutically active antibodies with retaining good protective activity is a global priority. It was reported that infection with SARS-CoV-2 could cause acute lung injury (ALI) in clinical investigations. Therefore, we discovered that anti-RBD scFv is effective against SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI. To begin, we utilized the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein as a target to produce single-chain antibodies (scFvs) through an intensive phage display technology. The binding affinity and inhibitory effect of the scFvs were evaluated via ELISA and flow cytometry. Moreover, anti-RBD scFv No.35 significantly prevented ALI caused by LPS and SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD protein in mouse model. Thus, the anti-RBD scFv will aid the development of potential antibody treatments and reduce the inflammatory response of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310056, China
| | - Syed Husnain Raza Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310056, China
| | - Shengsheng Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310056, China
| | - Eu Gene Vong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310056, China
| | - Yisheng Sun
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310056, China.
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23
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Dastan F, Jamaati H, Barati S, Varmazyar S, Yousefian S, Niknami E, Tabarsi P. The effects of combination-therapy of tocilizumab and baricitinib on the management of severe COVID-19 cases: a randomized open-label clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265541. [PMID: 37927607 PMCID: PMC10620525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tocilizumab and baricitinib are considered standard treatments for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with an inflammatory status. However, the effects of co-administering these medications aiming for more rapid patient recovery are controversial among practitioners. The potential benefits include the rapid improvement of patients and regulation of the immune system, and the potential risks include the increased chance of serious adverse events, including infections. This study aimed to investigate the effects of co-administering these two medications on the 28-day mortality rate, other efficacy parameters, and safety issues. Methods: In this randomized open-label trial, 68 patients were recruited. The study was conducted at Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital during 6 months (from 21 March 2022 to 23 August 2022). Severely ill patients aged between 18 and 100 years old with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. The primary outcomes included the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and a 28-day mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, the need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), the length of hospital stay, and the need for a second dose of tocilizumab. Safety assessments were also performed for 28 days. The data were collected from the patients' medical records, which included age, gender, and comorbidities. Results: The 28-day mortality rate or the need for mechanical ventilation was not statistically different among the two groups (p-value = 0.49 for both outcomes). The need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, the need for admission to the ICU, or the need for a second dose of tocilizumab and the length of hospital stay was not affected either (p-value = 1; 0.1; 0.49 and 0.9, respectively). One patient developed thrombosis in the combination group. No adverse events related to infectious complications were recorded in any groups. Conclusion: This study showed no beneficial effects of combining tocilizumab and baricitinib in managing severe COVID-19 cases. However, the need for ICU admission was meaningfully lower in the combination group. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results. Clinical Trial Registration: Identifier: RCT20151227025726N30M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Dastan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Barati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Varmazyar
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Yousefian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Niknami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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John N, Ibrahim B, Ebaid M, Saab S. Outcomes in Patients with Liver Dysfunction Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Should We Measure? Hepat Med 2023; 15:185-193. [PMID: 37850074 PMCID: PMC10578169 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s371507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc all over the world. Early in the course of the pandemic, multiple hepatic manifestations of COVID-19 were noted. We aim to categorize hepatic dysfunction and its outcome in COVID-19 infection. Methods This is a review article based on a literature search in PubMed and Medline databases for articles detailing short-term and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 related liver dysfunction. Results The most common hepatic manifestation of COVID-19 was aspartate amino transferase (AST) predominant transaminase elevation. Transaminases improve once the COVID-19 infection resolves. In addition, COVID-19 cholangiopathy, autoimmune hepatitis associated COVID-19, and splanchnic venous thrombosis triggered by COVID-19 are other manifestations. Patients with preexisting liver disease, especially those with cirrhosis, have poor prognosis with COVID-19 infections compared to the general population. Elevations in liver tests were associated with severe COVID-19 infections. Patients with chronic liver disease have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. Among patients with chronic liver disease, decompensated liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and alcohol-associated liver disease were associated with an increased risk of severity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. Interactions between antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and hepatitis B/hepatitis C medications must be considered in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 vaccination-related hepatic dysfunction has been reported. Conclusion COVID-19 is here to stay. Hepatic dysfunction in COVID-19 signals severe COVID-19 infections. Patients with chronic liver disease have higher mortality from COVID-19 than general population. It is important to remember the lessons learned throughout the covid pandemic to take care of patients with COVID-19 now and in the future. Further studies are needed to document long-term outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who developed hepatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimy John
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittney Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Ebaid
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Allameh F, Kazemi M, Ajorlou M, Soroush S, Narouie B, Fatemi A, Dadpour M. The Effect of SARS-Cov2 Infection on The Spermogram: A Prospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2023; 17:259-263. [PMID: 37577909 PMCID: PMC10439987 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2023.556335.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was always concern about damage to different organs of the body. In this study, we aimed to determine if coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could influence the sperm parameters in inpatient adult men with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study during 2021, 22 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and clinical symptoms and history of admission and 19 volunteer healthy men as the control group participated. They were asked to provide semen samples at 2 and 6 months after hospital discharge and the same time for the control group. The following parameters were measured in all semen samples and beside the demographic data, they compared between the two groups: volume (mL), sperm concentration (106/mL), total motile sperm percentage, progressive percentage, normal morphology percentage, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). RESULTS The mean ± SD age of the participants in the COVID and control groups was 46.36 ± 9.94 and 45.84 ± 10.21 years, respectively (P=0.869). The mean ± SD body mass index (BMIs) of the participants in the COVID and control groups were 28.6 ± 5.460 and 29.6 ± 6.092, respectively (P=0.579). The mean ± SD number of children was 1.41 ± 1.054 in the COVID group and 1.47 ± 1.073 in the control group (P=0.847). All the sperm parameters were significantly impaired after 2 months in the COVID group in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). After 4 months from first sampling, all the parameters were improved significantly (except normal morphology) but had not yet reached the level of the control group. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 affected semen parameters in patients admitted because of COVID-19, in the short term. It is expected that this will improve with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Allameh
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kazemi
- Infertility and IVF Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Ajorlou
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Soroush
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fatemi
- Department of Urology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadpour
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Das A, Pathak S, Premkumar M, Sarpparajan CV, Balaji ER, Duttaroy AK, Banerjee A. A brief overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management strategies: a recent update. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04848-3. [PMID: 37742314 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health crisis, inflicting substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. A diverse range of symptoms, including fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, characterizes COVID-19. A cytokine surge can exacerbate the disease's severity. This phenomenon involves an increased immune response, marked by the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFNγ, leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Efforts to reduce the cytokine surge and its associated complications have garnered significant attention. Standardized management protocols have incorporated treatment strategies, with corticosteroids, chloroquine, and intravenous immunoglobulin taking the forefront. The recent therapeutic intervention has also assisted in novel strategies like repurposing existing medications and the utilization of in vitro drug screening methods to choose effective molecules against viral infections. Beyond acute management, the significance of comprehensive post-COVID-19 management strategies, like remedial measures including nutritional guidance, multidisciplinary care, and follow-up, has become increasingly evident. As the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis deepens, it is becoming increasingly evident that a tailored approach to therapy is imperative. This review focuses on effective treatment measures aimed at mitigating COVID-19 severity and highlights the significance of comprehensive COVID-19 management strategies that show promise in the battle against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakesh Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Madhavi Premkumar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Chitra Veena Sarpparajan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Esther Raichel Balaji
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Hussien AM, Bedair H, Abdo M, Ghosh S, Elkafas SS, Apollon W, Saki M, Loutfy SA, Onyeaka H, Hessien M. A study on the effect of natural products against the transmission of B.1.1.529 Omicron. Virol J 2023; 20:191. [PMID: 37626376 PMCID: PMC10464336 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic resulted in a successful vaccination program launched by the World Health Organization. However, a large population is still unvaccinated, leading to the emergence of mutated strains like alpha, beta, delta, and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Recent reports from the World Health Organization raised concerns about the Omicron variant, which emerged in South Africa during a surge in COVID-19 cases in November 2021. Vaccines are not proven completely effective or safe against Omicron, leading to clinical trials for combating infection by the mutated virus. The absence of suitable pharmaceuticals has led scientists and clinicians to search for alternative and supplementary therapies, including dietary patterns, to reduce the effect of mutated strains. MAIN BODY This review analyzed Coronavirus aetiology, epidemiology, and natural products for combating Omicron. Although the literature search did not include keywords related to in silico or computational research, in silico investigations were emphasized in this study. Molecular docking was implemented to compare the interaction between natural products and Chloroquine with the ACE2 receptor protein amino acid residues of Omicron. The global Omicron infection proceeding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was also elucidated. The docking results suggest that DGCG may bind to the ACE2 receptor three times more effectively than standard chloroquine. CONCLUSION The emergence of the Omicron variant has highlighted the need for alternative therapies to reduce the impact of mutated strains. The current review suggests that natural products such as DGCG may be effective in binding to the ACE2 receptor and combating the Omicron variant, however, further research is required to validate the results of this study and explore the potential of natural products to mitigate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research Department, National Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR), Giza, 11561, Egypt
| | - Aya Misbah Hussien
- Biotechnology Department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Bedair
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Wilgince Apollon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Li S, Shang S, Wang J, Yang B, Jiang W. Research on the psychological status of medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: A longitudinal study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34750. [PMID: 37653813 PMCID: PMC10470679 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An online questionnaire, including the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), was used to assess the psychological status of medical staff in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic. Lasso-Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of abnormal psychological status (anxiety or depression). 36.6% of the study subjects experienced anxiety, and 41.5% experienced depression. Female (OR [odds ratio] = 7.22, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.58-89.33), basic diseases (OR = 17.95, 95% CI: 1.59-202.49), suspected exposure history (OR = 9.63, 95% CI: 1.40-66.29), smoking (OR = 6.07, 95% CI: 0.38-96.78) were risk factors for anxiety. Female (OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 0.45-55.91), basic diseases (OR = 37.19, 95% CI: 2.70-512.73), suspected exposure history (OR = 5.10, 95% CI: 0.78-33.10), drinking wine (OR = 6.27, 95% CI: 0.38-103.85) were risk factors for depression. The results of the re-sampling evaluation after 2 years showed that some medical staff still showed anxiety (42.4%) and depression (27.3%), and the proportion of females was higher. Early intervention should be carried out, and short-term and long-term intervention plans should be formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Medicine College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu Yancheng, China
| | - Shasha Shang
- Department of cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Henan Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Ruihua Hospital, Jiangsu Suzhou, China
| | - Boyi Yang
- Department of geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Medicine College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu Yancheng, China
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Gao Z, Yu L, Cao L, Yang M, Li Y, Lan Y, Tang R, Huang Y, Luan G, Liu Y, Yu H, Jian L, Zha Y, Fan Z, Bai Y, Luo M, He M, Deng S. Analysis of coexisting pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140548. [PMID: 37424777 PMCID: PMC10325643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of COVID-19 on the world is still ongoing, and it is currently under regular management. Although most infected people have flu-like symptoms and can cure themselves, coexisting pathogens in COVID-19 patients should not be taken lightly. The present study sought to investigate the coexisting pathogens in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and identify the variety and abundance of dangerous microbes to guide treatment strategies with a better understanding of the untested factors. Methods We extracted total DNA and RNA in COVID-19 patient specimens from nasopharyngeal swabs to construct a metagenomic library and utilize Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to discover chief bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the body of patients. High-throughput sequencing data from Illumina Hiseq 4000 were analyzed using Krona taxonomic methodology for species diversity. Results We studied 56 samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens and analyzed the species diversity and community composition of these samples after sequencing. Our results showed some threatening pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and some previously reported pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 combined with bacterial infection is more common. The results of heat map analysis showed that the abundance of bacteria was mostly more than 1000 and that of viruses was generally less than 500. The pathogens most likely to cause SARS-CoV-2 coinfection or superinfection include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Human gammaherpesvirus 4. Conclusions The current coinfection and superinfection status is not optimistic. Bacteria are the major threat group that increases the risk of complications and death in COVID-19 patients and attention should be paid to the use and control of antibiotics. Our study investigated the main types of respiratory pathogens prone to coexisting or superinfection in COVID-19 patients, which is valuable for identifying and treating SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisong Yu
- Information Institute, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Department of Information Technology, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery KeyLaboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Typing Laboratory, Blood Center of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Xi’an Blood Bank, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixiang Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxin Luan
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery KeyLaboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Bai
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery KeyLaboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery KeyLaboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Shan T, Li LY, Yang JM, Cheng Y. Role and clinical implication of autophagy in COVID-19. Virol J 2023; 20:125. [PMID: 37328875 PMCID: PMC10276507 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes a serious public health concern worldwide. Currently, more than 6 million deaths have occurred despite drastic containment measures, and this number is still increasing. Currently, no standard therapies for COVID-19 are available, which necessitates identifying effective preventive and therapeutic agents against COVID-19. However, developing new drugs and vaccines is a time-consuming process, and therefore, repurposing the existing drugs or redeveloping related targets seems to be the best strategy to develop effective therapeutics against COVID-19. Autophagy, a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway contributing to nutrient recycling and metabolic adaptation, is involved in the initiation and progression of numerous diseases as a part of an immune response. The key role of autophagy in antiviral immunity has been extensively studied. Moreover, autophagy can directly eliminate intracellular microorganisms by selective autophagy, that is, "xenophagy." However, viruses have acquired diverse strategies to exploit autophagy for their infection and replication. This review aims to trigger the interest in the field of autophagy as an antiviral target for viral pathogens (with an emphasis on COVID-19). We base this hypothesis on summarizing the classification and structure of coronaviruses as well as the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication; providing the common understanding of autophagy; reviewing interactions between the mechanisms of viral entry/replication and the autophagy pathways; and discussing the current state of clinical trials of autophagy-modifying drugs in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We anticipate that this review will contribute to the rapid development of therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lan-Ya Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, China.
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31
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Salgado C, Cue R, Yuste V, Montalvillo-Jiménez L, Prendes P, Paz S, Vázquez-Calvo Á, Alcamí A, García C, Martínez-Campos E, Bosch P. Clear polyurethane coatings with excellent virucidal properties: Preparation, characterization and rapid inactivation of human coronaviruses 229E and SARS-CoV-2. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2023; 32:101828. [PMID: 37317691 PMCID: PMC10147448 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2023.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Commercial polyurethane (PU) coating formulations have been modified with 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (HMD) both in bulk (0.5 and 1% w/w) and onto the coatings surface as an N-halamine precursor, to obtain clear coatings with high virucidal activity. Upon immersion in diluted chlorine bleaching, the hydantoin structure on the grafted PU membranes was transformed into N-halamine groups, with a high surface chlorine concentration (40-43μg/cm2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and iodometric titration were used to characterize the coatings and quantify the chlorine contents of the PU membranes after chlorination. Biological evaluation of their activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and human coronaviruses HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 was performed, and high inactivation of these pathogens was observed after short contact times. The inactivation of HCoV-229E was higher than 98% for all modified samples after just 30 minutes, whereas it was necessary 12 hours of contact time for complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. The coatings were fully rechargeable by immersion in diluted chlorine bleach (2% v/v) for at least 5 chlorination-dechlorination cycles. Moreover, the performance of the antivirus efficiency of the coatings is considered as long-lasting, because experiments of reinfection of the coatings with HCoV-229E coronavirus did not show any loss of the virucidal activity after three consecutive infection cycles without reactivation of the N-halamine groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cástor Salgado
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Raquel Cue
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Grupo de Síntesis Orgánica y Bioevaluación, Instituto Pluridisciplinar (UCM), Unidad Asociada al ICTP, IQM (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Yuste
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Laura Montalvillo-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Pilar Prendes
- GAIRESA, Lugar Outeiro 8, 15551 Valdoviño, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Senén Paz
- GAIRESA, Lugar Outeiro 8, 15551 Valdoviño, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángela Vázquez-Calvo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Grupo de Síntesis Orgánica y Bioevaluación, Instituto Pluridisciplinar (UCM), Unidad Asociada al ICTP, IQM (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Bosch
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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32
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Ragnoli B, Da Re B, Galantino A, Kette S, Salotti A, Malerba M. Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Coagulopathy: Pathophysiological and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108945. [PMID: 37240292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first description of COVID-19 infection, among clinical manifestations of the disease, including fever, dyspnea, cough, and fatigue, it was observed a high incidence of thromboembolic events potentially evolving towards acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19-associated-coagulopathy (CAC). The hypercoagulation state is based on an interaction between thrombosis and inflammation. The so-called CAC represents a key aspect in the genesis of organ damage from SARS-CoV-2. The prothrombotic status of COVID-19 can be explained by the increase in coagulation levels of D-dimer, lymphocytes, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prothrombin time. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this hypercoagulable process such as inflammatory cytokine storm, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis for a long time. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms of coagulopathy that may characterize COVID-19 infection and inform on new areas of research. New vascular therapeutic strategies are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Da Re
- Respiratory Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Kette
- Respiratory Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Andrea Salotti
- Respiratory Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Mario Malerba
- Respiratory Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
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Abbasi SAA, Noor T, Mylavarapu M, Sahotra M, Bashir HA, Bhat RR, Jindal U, Amin U, V A, Siddiqui HF. Double Trouble Co-Infections: Understanding the Correlation Between COVID-19 and HIV Viruses. Cureus 2023; 15:e38678. [PMID: 37288215 PMCID: PMC10243673 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mounted a substantial threat to public health worldwide. It initially emerged as a mere outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and quickly engulfed the entire world, evolving into a global pandemic, consuming millions of lives and leaving a catastrophic effect on our lives in ways unimaginable. The entire healthcare system was significantly impacted and HIV healthcare was not spared. In this article, we reviewed the effect of HIV on COVID-19 disease and the ramifications of the recent COVID-19 pandemic over HIV management strategies. Our review highlights that contrary to the instinctive belief that HIV should render patients susceptible to COVID-19 infection, the studies depicted mixed results, although comorbidities and other confounders greatly affected the results. Few studies showed a higher rate of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 among HIV patients; however, the use of antiretroviral therapy had no consequential effect. COVID-19 vaccination was deemed safe among HIV patients in general. The recent pandemic can destabilize the HIV epidemic control as it hugely impacted access to care and preventive services and led to a marked reduction in HIV testing. The collision of these two disastrous pandemics warrants the need to materialize rigorous epidemiological measures and health policies, but most importantly, brisk research in prevention strategies to mitigate the combined burden of the two viruses and to battle similar future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarika Noor
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Ludhiana, IND
| | | | - Monika Sahotra
- Department of Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, UKR
| | - Hunmble A Bashir
- Forensic Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rakshita Ramesh Bhat
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, IND
- Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, IND
| | - Urmi Jindal
- Department of Medicine, Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
| | - Uzma Amin
- Pathology, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Anushree V
- Department of Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Humza F Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
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Liu J, Lu S, Zheng H. Analysis of Differences in User Groups and Post Sentiment of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitators in Chinese Social-Media Platforms. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091207. [PMID: 37174749 PMCID: PMC10177948 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 epidemic is still global and no specific drug has been developed for COVID-19. Vaccination can both prevent infection and limit the spread of the epidemic. Eliminating hesitation to the COVID-19 vaccine and achieving early herd immunity is a common goal for all countries. However, efforts in this area have not been significant and there is still a long way to go to eliminate vaccine hesitancy. (2) Objective: This study aimed to uncover differences in the characteristics and sentiments of COVID-19 vaccine hesitators on Chinese social-media platforms and to achieve a classification of vaccine-hesitant groups. (3) Methods: COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts and user characteristics were collected on the Sina Microblog platform for posting times spanning one year, and posts were identified for hesitation types. Logistic regression was used to conduct user-group analysis. The differences in user characteristics between the various types of COVID-19 vaccine posts were analysed according to four user characteristics: gender, address type, degree of personal-information disclosure, and whether they followed health topics. Sentiment analysis was conducted using sentiment analysis tools to calculate the sentiment scores and sentiment polarity of various COVID-19 vaccine posts, and the K-W test was used to uncover the sentiment differences between various types of COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts. (4) Results: There are differences in the types of COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts posted by users with different characteristics, and different types of COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts differ in terms of sentiment. Differences in user attributes and user behaviors are found across the different COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation types. Ultimately, two COVID-19-vaccine-hesitant user groups were identified: Body-related and Non-bodily-related. Users who posted body-related vaccine-hesitation posts are more often female, disclose more personal information and follow health topics on social-media platforms. Users who posted non-bodily-related posts are more often male, disclose less personal information, and do not follow health topics. The average sentiment score for all COVID-19-vaccine-hesitant-type posts is less than 0.45, with negative-sentiment posts outweighing positive- and neutral-sentiment posts in each type, among which the "Individual rights" type is the most negative. (5) Conclusions: This paper complements the application of user groups in the field of vaccine hesitation, and the results of the analysis of group characteristics and post sentiment can help to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the concerns and needs of COVID-19 vaccine hesitators. This will help public-health agencies to implement more targeted strategies to eliminate vaccine hesitancy and improve their work related to the COVID-19 vaccine, with far-reaching implications for COVID-19-vaccine promotion and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Liu
- School of Management, Shanghai University, No. 20, Chengzhong Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Shuangjinhua Lu
- School of Management, Shanghai University, No. 20, Chengzhong Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Huiqin Zheng
- School of Management, Shanghai University, No. 20, Chengzhong Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
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35
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Yan Z, Zhong L, Zhu W, Chung SK, Hou P. Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases ─ targeting cardiac ion channels. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106765. [PMID: 37075871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, imposing an increasing global health burden. Cardiac ion channels (voltage-gated NaV, CaV, KVs, and others) synergistically shape the cardiac action potential (AP) and control the heartbeat. Dysfunction of these channels, due to genetic mutations, transcriptional or post-translational modifications, may disturb the AP and lead to arrhythmia, a major risk for CVD patients. Although there are five classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs available, they can have varying levels of efficacies and side effects on patients, possibly due to the complex pathogenesis of arrhythmias. As an alternative treatment option, Chinese herbal remedies have shown promise in regulating cardiac ion channels and providing anti-arrhythmic effects. In this review, we first discuss the role of cardiac ion channels in maintaining normal heart function and the pathogenesis of CVD, then summarize the classification of Chinese herbal compounds, and elaborate detailed mechanisms of their efficacy in regulating cardiac ion channels and in alleviating arrhythmia and CVD. We also address current limitations and opportunities for developing new anti-CVD drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Innovation Engineering at Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute. Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Paramythiotis D, Karlafti E, Veroplidou K, Fafouti M, Kaiafa G, Netta S, Michalopoulos A, Savopoulos C. Drug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081398. [PMID: 37189499 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a systemic disease that affects not only the respiratory system, but also other systems, including gastrointestinal. A great number of different drugs have been used on hospitalized patients for the management of COVID-19, and acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported as a complication or side effect of these drugs. The development of drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) follows a complex of pathophysiological mechanisms, and particular risk factors play a key role. Diagnosis of DIAP depends on specific criteria, and based on these, a drug may be characterized as having a definite, probable or possible connection with AP. The aim of this review is to present the medications that are used for COVID-19 management and are associated with AP in hospitalized patients. The list of these drugs mainly includes corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antiviral agents, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, estrogens and anesthetic agents. Moreover, the prevention of the development of DIAP is vital, especially for critically ill patients who may receive multiple drugs. DIAP management is mainly non-invasive and the first step concerns the exception of the suspicious drug from patients therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paramythiotis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- Emergency Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Veroplidou
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Fafouti
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Kaiafa
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Smaro Netta
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Michalopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jeong H, Baek AR, Park SW, Kim T, Choo EJ, Jeon CH. Rheumatoid factor is associated with severe
COVID
‐19. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:850-861. [PMID: 36967612 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been proposed as triggering autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from 245 patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19. All patients were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), and anti-cytoplasmic neutrophil antibody (ANCA). Risk factors for death and critical COVID-19, defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, were analyzed. RESULTS Ninety (36.7%) patients tested positive for ANA, and 51 (20.8%) patients tested positive for RF. Three patients each (1.2%) tested positive for ACPA and ANCA. RF-positive patients had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation and death than RF-negative patients (70.6% vs 28.4%, P < 0.001 and 45.1% vs 18.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Underlying lung disease, kidney disease, heart disease, quick COVID severity index (qCSI), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were associated with in-hospital death. RF (odds ratio [OR] 7.31, 95% CI 2.50-21.37, P < 0.001), qCSI (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.19-1.69, P < 0.001), and LDH (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.002-1.005, P < 0.001) were associated with critical COVID-19. Combination of RF, qCSI, and LDH showed good prognostic value (area under the curve = 0.903, P < 0.001) for critical COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS ANA and RF were frequently detected in COVID-19 patients. RF could be a risk factor for critical COVID-19. The results of this study suggest immune dysfunction contributes to the complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Jeong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Tark Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Choo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Chan Hong Jeon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
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Pozzi C, Vanet A, Francesconi V, Tagliazucchi L, Tassone G, Venturelli A, Spyrakis F, Mazzorana M, Costi MP, Tonelli M. Antitarget, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Leads, Drugs, and the Drug Discovery-Genetics Alliance Perspective. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3664-3702. [PMID: 36857133 PMCID: PMC10005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The most advanced antiviral molecules addressing major SARS-CoV-2 targets (Main protease, Spike protein, and RNA polymerase), compared with proteins of other human pathogenic coronaviruses, may have a short-lasting clinical efficacy. Accumulating knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the target structural basis, its mutational progression, and the related biological significance to virus replication allows envisaging the development of better-targeted therapies in the context of COVID-19 epidemic and future coronavirus outbreaks. The identification of evolutionary patterns based solely on sequence information analysis for those targets can provide meaningful insights into the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions and adaptation, leading to drug resistance phenomena. Herein, we will explore how the study of observed and predicted mutations may offer valuable suggestions for the application of the so-called "synthetic lethal" strategy to SARS-CoV-2 Main protease and Spike protein. The synergy between genetics evidence and drug discovery may prioritize the development of novel long-lasting antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy,
University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Anne Vanet
- Université Paris Cité,
CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris,
France
| | - Valeria Francesconi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Genoa, viale Benedetto XV n.3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Science, University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena,
Italy
- Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine
(CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287,
41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giusy Tassone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy,
University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Alberto Venturelli
- Department of Life Science, University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena,
Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology,
University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin,
Italy
| | - Marco Mazzorana
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and
Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE,
U.K.
| | - Maria P. Costi
- Department of Life Science, University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena,
Italy
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Genoa, viale Benedetto XV n.3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Fekry MM, Soliman H, Hashish MH, Selim HS, Osman NA, Omran EA. Delayed seropositivity is associated with lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:6. [PMID: 36941519 PMCID: PMC10027427 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with COVID-19 can develop a range of immune responses, including variations in the onset and magnitude of antibody formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels vary in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 in relation to the onset (days) of their post-symptom seropositivity and to explore host factors that may affect antibody production METHODS: This was a prospective, multiple measurements study involving 92 PCR-confirmed patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Antibody testing for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NP) and spike proteins (anti-S) was performed using ELISA tests. Serum samples were collected over a period of 55 days from symptom onset of COVID-19 infection, and repeated as necessary until they turned positive. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the positivity rates of anti-S or anti-NP regarding any clinical symptom (p > 0.05). The majority of patients who tested positive for anti-NP and anti-S showed early seropositivity (within 15 days of symptom onset) (75.9% for anti-NP and 82.6% for anti-S). Younger patients, those without chronic diseases, and non-healthcare workers had the highest percentage of seroconversion after day 35 post-symptom onset (p = 0.002, 0.028, and 0.036, respectively), while older patients and those with chronic diseases had earlier seropositivity and higher anti-NP levels (p = 0.003 and 0.06, respectively). Significantly higher anti-S ratios were found among older (p = 0.004), male (p = 0.015), and anemic patients (p = 0.02). A significant correlation was found between both antibodies (p = 0.001). At the end of the study, the cumulative seroconversion rate for both antibodies was almost 99%. CONCLUSIONS Some COVID-19 patients may exhibit delayed and weak immune responses, while elderly, anemic patients and those with chronic diseases may show earlier and higher antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Fekry
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mona H Hashish
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba S Selim
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermin A Osman
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Omran
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Patel SV, Shah S, Patel R, Bavishi S, Pethani Y, Shah K. Ovarian Vein Thrombosis: A Sequela of COVID-Associated Coagulopathy. Cureus 2023; 15:e36437. [PMID: 37090373 PMCID: PMC10115594 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes endothelial damage, blood stasis, and an overall state of hypercoagulability. This makes COVID a huge risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE). Twenty percent of COVID-19 patients suffer from coagulation abnormalities like pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, etc. Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) has been previously linked to post-partum period, pregnancy, hypercoagulable state, or malignancy. We analyzed PubMed and Google Scholar databases for research and publications regarding OVT in patients with COVID-19. The search yielded nine case reports. These case reports were found to implicate COVID-associated coagulopathy (CAC) as an additional risk factor for ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT). OVT most commonly presents with abdominal pain and fever, making it difficult to diagnose, owing to the similarity in presentation with multiple other pathologies. OVT can be diagnosed radiologically with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, or CT scan with IV contrast. CT has been used as the modality of choice for diagnosing OVT. Although rare, OVT can cause life-endangering complications by extension of thrombus into systemic veins or pulmonary artery embolization. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are vital. There is no official guideline for the treatment of OVT post-COVID. However, the literature supports the use of apixaban or enoxaparin/acenocoumarol.
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Karas M, Bernal I, Diaz O, Alshammari O, Baggett D, Bronk T, Chawdhury S, Eylon A, Garcia E, Haughton K, Kothe B, Joseph AM, Jacobs RJ. A Scoping Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Kidney Transplant Patients in the United States. Cureus 2023; 15:e35725. [PMID: 37025740 PMCID: PMC10072165 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is a highly infectious virus that quickly became and continues to be a public health emergency, given the severe international implications. Immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing kidney transplantation, are at an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 and require hospitalization for more aggressive treatment to ensure survival. COVID-19 has been infecting kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), affecting their treatment protocols, and threatening their survival. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the published literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 on KTRs in the United States in terms of prevention, various treatment protocols, COVID-19 vaccination, and risk factors. The databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE/Ebsco, and Embase were used to search for peer-reviewed literature. The search was restricted to articles that were published on KTRs in the United States from January 1, 2019, to March 2022. The initial search yielded 1,023 articles after removing duplicates, leading to a final selection of 16 articles after screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four domains emerged from the review: (1) impacts of COVID-19 on performing kidney transplants, (2) impacts of COVID-19 vaccinations on KTRs, (3) outcomes of treatment regiments for KTRs with COVID-19, and (4) risk factors associated with an increased mortality rate of COVID-19 in KTRs. Waitlisted patients for kidney transplants had a higher risk of mortality compared to nontransplant patients. COVID-19 vaccinations in KTRs are found to be safe, and the immune response can be improved by placing patients on a low dose of mycophenolate before vaccination. Withdrawal of immunosuppressants showed a mortality rate of 20% without increasing the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI). There is evidence to support that kidney transplantation with the accompanying immunosuppressant regimen can provide KTRs with better COVID-19 infection outcomes compared to waitlisted patients. Hospitalization, graft dysfunction, AKI, and respiratory failure were the most common risk factors that increased the risk of mortality in COVID-19-positive KTRs. Withdrawing KTRs from immunosuppressive drugs increased the mortality rate. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of specific drugs and dosages on the severity and mortality rate of COVID-19 in KTRs.
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Heart Rate Variability in Subjects with Severe Allergic Background Undergoing COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030567. [PMID: 36992151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is the world’s most important strategy for stopping the pandemic. Vaccination challenges the body’s immune response and can be complicated by hypersensitivity reactions. The autonomic nervous system can modulate the inflammatory immune response, therefore constituting a potential marker to characterize individuals at high risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Autonomic nervous system functionality was assessed through measurement of the heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with a history of severe allergic reactions and 12 control subjects. HRV parameters included the mean electrocardiograph RR interval and the standard deviation of all normal R–R intervals (SDNN). All measurements were performed immediately before the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The median RR variability was lower in the study than in the control group: 687 ms (645–759) vs. 821 ms (759–902); p = 0.02. The SDNN was lower in the study group than in the control group: 32 ms (23–36) vs. 50 ms (43–55); p < 0.01. No correlation was found between age and the SDNN. Autonomic nervous system activity is unbalanced in people with a severe allergy background.
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Withdrawn: A data-mining based analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosing and treating COVID-19. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:698. [PMID: 34166583 PMCID: PMC8426840 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Yongshen Fan, Ting Zhao, Yaxue Han, Zi Yang, Shan Fang, Mengqing Zhang, Zhijun Xie, A data-mining based analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosing and treating COVID-19, The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 2021, (https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24677). The above article, published online on 24 June 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Heather F. Smith, Ph.D., the American Association for Anatomy, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The authors have been notified of the decision to withdraw the article. The decision is based on concerns raised by a third party. The Editor-in-Chief considers the conclusions of the paper compromised and has initiated an investigation.
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Estimation of the Effectiveness of a Tighter, Reinforced Quarantine for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Analysis of the Third Wave in South Korea. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030402. [PMID: 36983584 PMCID: PMC10054349 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been claimed that a tighter, reinforced quarantine strategy was advocated to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during major outbreaks; however, there have been no prior quantitative studies examining the effectiveness and duration of such a reinforced quarantine. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to determine the impact of a “tighter, reinforced” quarantine during the third COVID-19 breakout wave in South Korea, which occurred between late 2020 and early 2021. The efficacy of the quarantine was determined by comparing the number of newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients between the “prediction model” and “actual observed data.” Two prediction models were developed using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA; 1, 0, 0) model. The effect of a “tighter, reinforced” quarantine, which would show as an immediate drop in the number of new cases, predicted its efficacy by lowering the number of new cases by 20,400. In addition, the efficacy of the quarantine lasted up to more than three months. The findings of our investigation confirmed the beneficial influence of “tighter, controlled” quarantine laws during a widespread COVID-19 epidemic. During an epidemic, when the population has not yet developed immunity to respiratory viral diseases, our study may be evidence for implementing stricter quarantine restrictions in order to reduce the number of new cases.
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Oladipo A, Ejeromedoghene O, Adebayo A, Ogunyemi O, Egejuru G. A mini review on the prospects of Fagara zanthoxyloides extract based composites: a remedy for COVID-19 and associated replica? PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies are still being conducted to find a sustainable and long-lasting solution to the lethal consequences of the feared virus characterized as coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and its accompanying pathogenic replication, which pose a serious threat to human survival in the wake of its broad distribution. Since its emergence, researchers have investigated synthetic approaches in search of a dependable vaccine or treatment and curtail the spread of the virus and also enhance the health of a patient who has been affected. Unfortunately, the infection is yet to be entirely eradicated in many parts of the world. Despite the introduction of synthetic pharmaceuticals like remdesivir and derivatives of chloroquine, plant extracts may be an alternative reliable strategy that could successfully combat the operation of the virus. Herein, we investigated the prospects of fagara zanthoxyloides lam. (rutaceae) (syn. zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides), a well-known medicinal tree whose extracts have demonstrated success in treating many microbiological and viral-related infections. The distinctive plant extracts contain several bioactive phytochemicals with promising biological activity with minimal or no side effects and are being researched for a variety of applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries. Consequently, in this review, we examined the crude extracts from the Fagara species and suggested that careful consideration should be given to its independent use or combination with other bioactive molecules, such as biopolymers and nano-metallic composites, to combat the terrifying Covid-19 virus and its associates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Oladipo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China , College of Forestry , Nanjing Forestry University , 210037 Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Jiangning District , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Ademola Adebayo
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences , Faculty of Forestry , University of British Columbia , V6T1Z4 B.C , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Olakunle Ogunyemi
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management , Federal University of Agriculture , PMB 2240 Abeokuta , Ogun State , Nigeria
| | - George Egejuru
- School of Public Health , Southeast University , Jiangning District , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , 211189 , P. R. China
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Asadi J, Rasouli MA, Ghaderi E, Roshani D, Mohsenpour B, Moradi Y, Moradi G. Effectiveness of different treatment regimens on patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in Sanandaj hospitals: a retrospective cohort study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 36647128 PMCID: PMC9841691 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different drugs have different effects on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drug regimens on patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in Sanandaj city. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 660 patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in the Tohid, Kowsar and Besat hospitals located Sanandaj (Kurdistan Province, Iran) were studied from February 2020 to February 2021 with clinical symptoms and positive test results. RESULTS The results of multivariate regression analysis showed the days of hospitalization for patients who had received the drug regimen 2 (Interferons (ReciGen/Ziphron) or Interferon Vectra (lopinavir/ritonavir)) was 1.92 times higher than those who had received the drug regimen 1 (hydroxychloroquine group or a combination of chloroquine and azithromycin) while a significant association was observed (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.16-3.16, P = 0.011). Also, the hospitalization in ICU was longer in patients treated by the drug regimen 2 (Interferons (ReciGen/Ziphron) or Interferon Vectra (lopinavir/ritonavir)) (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.80-11.82, P = 0.001), however, drug regimens did not show a significant effect on mortality and use of ventilator in patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study results showed the drug regimens 2 and 5 increased the days of hospitalization and hospitalization in ICU, respectively, while the other drug regimens had no significant effect on mortality and use a ventilator in the studied patients and none of the drug regimens had an effect on reducing mortality compared to other ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Asadi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghaderi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Daem Roshani
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Behzad Mohsenpour
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Cook EJ, Elliott E, Donald L, Gaitan A, Randhawa G, Cartwright S, Waqar M, Egbutah C, Nduka I, Guppy A, Ali N. Knowledge, perceived risk, and attitudes towards COVID-19 protective measures amongst ethnic minorities in the UK: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1060694. [PMID: 36711414 PMCID: PMC9880421 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Minority ethnic groups are at increased risk of COVID-19 related mortality or morbidity yet continue to have a disproportionally lower uptake of the vaccine. The importance of adherence to prevention and control measures to keep vulnerable populations and their families safe therefore remains crucial. This research sought to examine the knowledge, perceived risk, and attitudes toward COVID-19 among an ethnically diverse community. Methods A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was implemented to survey ethnic minority participants purposefully recruited from Luton, an ethnically diverse town in the southeast of England. The questionnaire was structured to assess participants knowledge, perceived risk, attitudes toward protective measures as well as the sources of information about COVID-19. The questionnaire was administered online via Qualtrics with the link shared through social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Questionnaires were also printed into brochures and disseminated via community researchers and community links to individuals alongside religious, community and outreach organisations. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical techniques, with the significance threshold for all analyses assumed at p = 0.05. Findings 1,058 participants (634; 60% females) with a median age of 38 (IQR, 22) completed the survey. National TV and social networks were the most frequently accessed sources of COVID-19 related information; however, healthcare professionals, whilst not widely accessed, were viewed as the most trusted. Knowledge of transmission routes and perceived susceptibility were significant predictors of attitudes toward health-protective practises. Conclusion/recommendation Improving the local information provision, including using tailored communication strategies that draw on trusted sources, including healthcare professionals, could facilitate understanding of risk and promote adherence to health-protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Jane Cook
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Erica Jane Cook ✉
| | | | - Louisa Donald
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Gaitan
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Cartwright
- Public Health Luton, Luton Borough Council, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Waqar
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Chimeme Egbutah
- Public Health Luton, Luton Borough Council, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Ifunanya Nduka
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Guppy
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Nasreen Ali
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
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Bioinformatical Design and Performance Evaluation of a Nucleocapsid- and an RBD-Based Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassay (PETIA) to Quantify the Wild Type and Variants of Concern-Derived Immunoreactivity of SARS-CoV-2. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010160. [PMID: 36672668 PMCID: PMC9855841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, the resulting pandemic has paralyzed the economic and cultural life of the world. Variants of concern (VOC) strongly increase pressure on public health systems. Rapid, easy-to-use, and cost-effective assays are essential to manage the pandemic. Here we present a bioinformatical approach for the fast and efficient design of two innovative serological Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassays (PETIA) to quantify the SARS-CoV-2 immunoresponse. To confirm bioinformatical assumptions, an S-RBD- and a Nucleocapsid-based PETIA were produced. Sensitivity and specificity were compared for 95 patient samples using a BioMajesty™ fully automated analyzer. The S-RBD-based PETIA showed necessary specificity (98%) over the N protein-based PETIA (21%). Further, the reactivity and cross-reactivity of the RBD-based PETIA towards variant-derived antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by a quenching inhibition test. The inhibition kinetics of the S-RBD variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Kappa, and Omicron were evaluated. In summary, we showed that specific and robust PETIA immunoassays can be rapidly designed and developed. The quantification of the SARS-CoV-2-related immunoresponse of variants (Alpha to Kappa) is possible using specific RBD assays. In contrast, Omicron revealed lower cross-reactivity (approx. 50%). To ensure the quantification of the Omicron variant, modified immunoassays appear to be necessary.
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Atek S, Bianchini F, De Vito C, Cardinale V, Novelli S, Pesaresi C, Eugeni M, Mecella M, Rescio A, Petronzio L, Vincenzi A, Pistillo P, Giusto G, Pasquali G, Alvaro D, Villari P, Mancini M, Gaudenzi P. A predictive decision support system for coronavirus disease 2019 response management and medical logistic planning. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231185475. [PMID: 37545633 PMCID: PMC10399258 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231185475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 demonstrated the inconsistencies in adequately responding to biological threats on a global scale due to a lack of powerful tools for assessing various factors in the formation of the epidemic situation and its forecasting. Decision support systems have a role in overcoming the challenges in health monitoring systems in light of current or future epidemic outbreaks. This paper focuses on some applied examples of logistic planning, a key service of the Earth Cognitive System for Coronavirus Disease 2019 project, here presented, evidencing the added value of artificial intelligence algorithms towards predictive hypotheses in tackling health emergencies. Methods Earth Cognitive System for Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a decision support system designed to support healthcare institutions in monitoring, management and forecasting activities through artificial intelligence, social media analytics, geospatial analysis and satellite imaging. The monitoring, management and prediction of medical equipment logistic needs rely on machine learning to predict the regional risk classification colour codes, the emergency rooms attendances, and the forecast of regional medical supplies, synergically enhancing geospatial and temporal dimensions. Results The overall performance of the regional risk colour code classifier yielded a high value of the macro-average F1-score (0.82) and an accuracy of 85%. The prediction of the emergency rooms attendances for the Lazio region yielded a very low root mean square error (<11 patients) and a high positive correlation with the actual values for the major hospitals of the Lazio region which admit about 90% of the region's patients. The prediction of the medicinal purchases for the regions of Lazio and Piemonte has yielded a low root mean squared percentage error of 16%. Conclusions Accurate forecasting of the evolution of new cases and drug utilisation enables the resulting excess demand throughout the supply chain to be managed more effectively. Forecasting during a pandemic becomes essential for effective government decision-making, managing supply chain resources, and for informing tough policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Atek
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Policlinico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Novelli
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Pesaresi
- Department of Letters and Modern Cultures, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Eugeni
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mecella
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Alvaro
- Sapienza Information-Based Technology InnovaTion Center for Health (STITCH), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mancini
- Department of Letters and Modern Cultures, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaudenzi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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50
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Castoldi RC, de Ângelo JC, Pereira TT, Dias RM, Negrão FJ. Relationship between physical exercise and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): systematic review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 19:55-67. [PMID: 36643608 PMCID: PMC9825126 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV virus is a precursor to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) and has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Although exercise can be a non-pharmacological means for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the effects on COVID-19 patients are not yet completely clear. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and symptoms caused by COVID-19. Methods The present systematic review was sent for evaluation and received the PROSPERO registration protocol-CRD42021257475. The search for studies related to health and physical exercise was carried out in the following databases; the "National Library in Medicine MEDLINE-Ovid", "Embase", "Web of Science", "SportDiscus-Ebsco", and "Scopus". Results Ten articles were included in the systematic review and the findings demonstrated the protective effects of physical exercise in patients with COVID-19. These effects were observed both in symptoms and in the period of hospitalization. In addition, the results show that the benefits of physical exercise seem to collaborate both in an individual manner and as an alternative to drug therapy. Finally, it was possible to verify the effect of physical exercise on variables, such as quality of life, cardiorespiratory capacity, and immunological biomarkers, and on the symptoms of the new Coronavirus. Conclusions It is possible to conclude that physical exercise can be a component for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, it could help to reduce the symptoms and severity of COVID-19, and may be considered as an adjunct to drug therapy in patients contaminated with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Chacon Castoldi
- grid.412335.20000 0004 0388 2432Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados-UFGD, Rua João Rosa Góes, 1761 Vila Progresso, Dourados, 79825070 Brazil ,grid.412352.30000 0001 2163 5978Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul–UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina de Ângelo
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Teixeira Pereira
- grid.442132.20000 0001 2111 5825Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco-UCDB, Campo Grande, Brazil ,Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul-UEMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Dias
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Cardiology), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Juliano Negrão
- grid.412335.20000 0004 0388 2432Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados-UFGD, Rua João Rosa Góes, 1761 Vila Progresso, Dourados, 79825070 Brazil
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