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Preikša J, Petrikaitė V, Petrauskas V, Matulis D. Intrinsic Solubility of Ionizable Compounds from p Ka Shift. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44571-44577. [PMID: 38046347 PMCID: PMC10688098 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility of pharmaceutical substances plays an important role in small molecule drug discovery and development, with ionizable groups often employed to enhance solubility. Drug candidate compounds often contain ionizable groups to increase their solubility. Recognizing that the electrostatically charged form of the compound is much more soluble than the uncharged form, this work proposes a model to explore the relationship between the pKa shift of the ionizable group and dissolution equilibria. The model considers three forms of a compound: dissolved-charged, dissolved-uncharged, and aggregated-uncharged. It analyzes two linked equilibria: the protonation of the ionizable group and the dissolution-aggregation of the uncharged form, with the observed pKa shift depending on the total concentration of the compound. The active concentration of the aggregates determines this shift. The model was explored through the determination of the pKa shift and intrinsic solubility of specific compounds, such as ICPD47, a high-affinity inhibitor of the Hsp90 chaperone protein and anticancer target, as well as benzoic acid and benzydamine. The model holds the potential for a more nuanced understanding of intrinsic solubility and may lead to advancements in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joku̅bas Preikša
- Department
of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for
Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, Vilnius, LT-02300, Lithuania
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
- Laboratory
of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute
of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
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2
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Bonarek P, Mularczyk D, Loch JI, Kurpiewska K, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. β-Lactoglobulin variants as potential carriers of pramoxine: Comprehensive structural and biophysical studies. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3052. [PMID: 37610054 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a member of the lipocalin family. As other proteins from this group, BLG can be modified to bind specifically compounds of medical interests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of two mutations, L39Y and L58F, in the binding of topical anesthetic pramoxine (PRM) to β-lactoglobulin. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and X-ray crystallography were used to understand the mechanisms of BLG-PRM interactions. Studies were performed for three new BLG mutants: L39Y, L58F, and L39Y/L58F. ITC measurements indicated a significant increase in the affinity to the PRM of variants L58F and L39Y. Measurements taken for the double mutant L39Y/L58F showed the additivity of two mutations leading to about 80-fold increase in the affinity to PRM in comparison to natural protein BLG from bovine milk. The determined crystal structures revealed that pramoxine is accommodated in the β-barrel interior of BLG mutants and stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The observed additive effect of two mutations on drug binding opens the possibility for further designing of new BLG variants with high affinity to selected drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bonarek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Mularczyk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna I Loch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Bakhtiari SE, Zhu Z, Magdysyuk OV, Brocchini S, Williams GR. Amorphous solid dispersions of lidocaine and lidocaine HCl produced by ball milling with well-defined RAFT-synthesised methacrylic acid polymers. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123291. [PMID: 37544388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the use of methacrylic acid polymers synthesised via the Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerisation method for the production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) by ball milling, to kinetically solubilize a poorly water-soluble model drug. The solid-state characteristics and the physical stability of the formulations were investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. This was followed by dissolution studies in different media. It was discovered that the acidic polymers of methacrylic acid were capable of interacting with the weakly basic drug lidocaine and its hydrochloride salt form to produce ASDs when a polymer to drug ratio of 70:30 w/w was used. The ASDs remained amorphous following storage under accelerated aging conditions (40 °C and 75% relative humidity) over 8 months. Fast dissolution and increased lidocaine solubility in different media were obtained from the ASDs owing to the reduced microenvironment pH and enhanced solubilization of the drug caused by the presence of the acidic polymer in the formulation. Production of ASDs using well-defined RAFT-synthesised acidic polymers is a promising formulation strategy to enhance the pharmaceutical properties of basic poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Bakhtiari
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Zilan Zhu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Oxana V Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
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4
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pH-dependent solubility prediction for optimized drug absorption and compound uptake by plants. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:129-145. [PMID: 36797399 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility is the most important physicochemical property for agrochemical and drug candidates and a prerequisite for uptake, distribution, transport, and finally the bioavailability in living species. We here present the first-ever direct machine learning models for pH-dependent solubility in water. For this, we combined almost 300000 data points from 11 solubility assays performed over 24 years and over one million data points from lipophilicity and melting point experiments. Data were split into three pH-classes - acidic, neutral and basic - , representing the conditions of stomach and intestinal tract for animals and humans, and phloem and xylem for plants. We find that multi-task neural networks using ECFP-6 fingerprints outperform baseline random forests and single-task neural networks on the individual tasks. Our final model with three solubility tasks using the pH-class combined data from different assays and five helper tasks results in root mean square errors of 0.56 log units overall (acidic 0.61; neutral 0.52; basic 0.54) and Spearman rank correlations of 0.83 (acidic 0.78; neutral 0.86; basic 0.86), making it a valuable tool for profiling of compounds in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research. The model allows for the prediction of compound pH profiles with mean and median RMSE per molecule of 0.62 and 0.56 log units.
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5
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Oja M, Sild S, Piir G, Maran U. Intrinsic Aqueous Solubility: Mechanistically Transparent Data-Driven Modeling of Drug Substances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102248. [PMID: 36297685 PMCID: PMC9611068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic aqueous solubility is a foundational property for understanding the chemical, technological, pharmaceutical, and environmental behavior of drug substances. Despite years of solubility research, molecular structure-based prediction of the intrinsic aqueous solubility of drug substances is still under active investigation. This paper describes the authors’ systematic data-driven modelling in which two fit-for-purpose training data sets for intrinsic aqueous solubility were collected and curated, and three quantitative structure–property relationships were derived to make predictions for the most recent solubility challenge. All three models perform well individually, while being mechanistically transparent and easy to understand. Molecular descriptors involved in the models are related to the following key steps in the solubility process: dissociation of the molecule from the crystal, formation of a cavity in the solvent, and insertion of the molecule into the solvent. A consensus modeling approach with these models remarkably improved prediction capability and reduced the number of strong outliers by more than two times. The performance and outliers of the second solubility challenge predictions were analyzed retrospectively. All developed models have been published in the QsarDB.org repository according to FAIR principles and can be used without restrictions for exploring, downloading, and making predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Uko Maran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +372-7-375-254; Fax: +372-7-375-264
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6
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Smułek W, Kaczorek E. Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Organic Molecules to Bacterial Cells-A Mini-Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196579. [PMID: 36235114 PMCID: PMC9570905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of organic compounds to bacterial cells is crucial for their vital activities. This includes both compounds that are desirable to the cells (e.g., sources of energy, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients) and undesirable compounds that are toxic to the cells. For this reason, bioavailability is an issue of great importance in many areas of human activity that are related to bacteria, e.g., biotechnological production, bioremediation of organic pollutants, and the use of antibiotics. This article proposes a classification of factors determining bioavailability, dividing them into factors at the physicochemical level (i.e., those related to the solubility of a chemical compound and its transport in aqueous solution) and factors at the microbiological level (i.e., those related to adsorption on the cell surface and those related to transport into the cell). Awareness of the importance of and the mechanisms governing each of the factors described allows their use to change bioavailability in the desired direction.
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7
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Ge K, Ji Y. A thermodynamic approach for predicting thermodynamic phase behaviors of pharmaceuticals in biorelevant media. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Willmer AR, Nie J, De la Rosa MVG, Wen W, Dunne S, Rosania GR. Molecular design of a pathogen activated, self-assembling mechanopharmaceutical device. J Control Release 2022; 347:620-631. [PMID: 35623493 PMCID: PMC9901583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Weakly basic small molecule drugs like clofazimine can be used as building blocks for endowing cells with unnatural structural and functional elements. Here, we describe how clofazimine represents a first-in-class mechanopharmaceutical device, serving to construct inert, inactive and stimulus responsive drug depots within the endophagolysosomal compartment of cells of living organisms. Upon oral administration, clofazimine molecules self-assemble into stable, membrane-bound, crystal-like drug inclusions (CLDI) that accumulate within macrophages to form a "smart" biocompatible, pathogen activatable mechanopharmaceutical device. Upon perturbation of the mechanism maintaining pH and ion homeostasis of these CLDIs, the inert encapsulated drug precipitates are destabilized, releasing bioactive drug molecules into the cell and its surrounding. The resulting increase in clofazimine solubility activates this broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral or cytotoxic agent within the infected macrophage. We present a general, molecular design strategy for using clofazimine and other small molecule building blocks for the cytoplasmic construction of mechanopharmaceutical devices, aimed at rapid deployment during infectious disease outbreaks, for the purpose of pandemic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Willmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Corresponding author: Andrew R. Willmer, PharmD, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone: 734-536-3383,
| | - Jiayi Nie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mery Vet George De la Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Winnie Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven Dunne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gus R. Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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9
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Yazan Z, Eskiköy Bayraktepe D, Dinç E. Square wave voltammetric pKa determination of aspirin using multi-way data analysis models. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Van Duong T, Ni Z, Taylor LS. Phase Behavior and Crystallization Kinetics of a Poorly Water-Soluble Weakly Basic Drug as a Function of Supersaturation and Media Composition. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1146-1159. [PMID: 35319221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of poorly water-soluble compounds in vivo and the impact on oral absorption is critical to design consistently performing products with optimized bioavailability. Weakly basic compounds are of particular importance in this context since they have an inherent tendency to undergo supersaturation in vivo upon exit from the stomach and entry into the small intestine because of their pH-dependent solubility. To understand and probe potential in vivo variability of supersaturating systems, rigorous understanding of compound physical properties and phase behavior landscape is essential. Herein, we extensively characterize the solution phase behavior of a model, poorly soluble and weakly basic compound, posaconazole. Phase boundaries for crystal-solution and amorphous-solution were established as a function of pH, allowing possible phase transformations, namely, crystallization or liquid-liquid phase separation, to be mapped for different initial doses and fluid volumes. Endogenous surfactants including sodium taurocholate, lecithin, glycerol monooleate, and sodium oleate in biorelevant media significantly extended the phase boundaries due to solubilization, to an extent that was dependent on the concentration of the surface-active agents. The nucleation induction time of posaconazole was much shorter in biorelevant media in comparison to the corresponding buffer solution, with two distinct regions observed in all media that could be attributed to a change in the nucleation mechanism at high and low supersaturation. The presence of undissolved nanocrystals accelerated the desupersaturation. This work enhances our understanding of biorelevant factors impacting precipitation kinetics, which might affect absorption in vivo. It is expected that findings from this study with posaconazole could be broadly applicable to other weakly basic compounds, after taking into consideration differences in pKa, solubility, and molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Discovery solubility measurement and assessment of small molecules with drug development in mind. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1315-1325. [PMID: 35114363 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solubility is a key physicochemical property for the success of any drug candidate. Although the methods used and their rationales for determining solubility are subject to project needs and stages along the drug discovery-drug development pipeline, an artificial boundary can exist at the discovery-development interface. This boundary results in less effective solubility knowledge sharing and data integration among scientists in both drug discovery and drug development. Herein, we present a refreshed perspective on solubility. Solubility experimentation is not a one-size-fits-all measurement; instead, we stress the importance of constructing a seamless solubility understanding of a molecule as it progresses from a new chemical entity into a drug product.
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12
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Schertel S, Corzo C, Leitner L, Karrer J, Engel D, Teichmann Y, Zimmer A, Salar-Behzadi S. Going green: Development of a sustainable lipid-based enteric coating formulation for low-dose aspirin multiparticulate systems. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121453. [PMID: 35021045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a rising awareness of pharmaceutical industry of both patient-centric and sustainable product development. Manufacturing of multiparticulate systems (MPS) with functional coating via solvent-free hot melt coating (HMC) can fulfill both requirements. An innovative lipid-based formulation was developed with the composition of palmitic acid and Grindsted® citrem BC-FS (BC-FS) for enteric coating of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The ASA crystals were directly hot melt coated to produce user-friendly low-dose ASA MPS for thromboembolism prophylaxis. Prior to HMC, rational boundaries for the process temperature were defined based on the melting and crystallization behavior of coating blend. Stability of coating in terms of resistance to heat stress and solidstate stability were screened via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Exposure of coating blend to 100 °C for two hours did not cause any chemical degradation. Crystal growth of palmitic acid and polymorphic transformation in BC-FS were observed after storage under accelerated conditions, however did not significantly affect the ASA release from coating. The developed formulation is a unique solvent-free, lipid-based enteric composition and paves the way for sustainable green pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schertel
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Hermes Arzneimittel GmbH, Division Hermes Pharma, 82049 Pullach, Germany
| | - Carolina Corzo
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Leitner
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Karrer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Engel
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yannik Teichmann
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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13
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He S, Radeke C, Jacobsen J, Lind JU, Mu H. Multi-material 3D printing of programmable and stretchable oromucosal patches for delivery of saquinavir. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121236. [PMID: 34748810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oromucosal patches for drug delivery allow fast onset of action and ability to circumvent hepatic first pass metabolism of drugs. While conventional fabrication methods such as solvent casting or hot melt extrusion are ideal for scalable production of low-cost delivery patches, these methods chiefly allow for simple, homogenous patch designs. As alternative, a multi-material direct-ink-write 3D printing for rapid fabrication of complex oromucosal patches with unique design features was demonstrated in the present study. Specifically, three print-materials: an acidic saquinavir-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ink, an alkaline effervescent sodium carbonate-loaded ink, and a methyl cellulose backing material were combined in various designs. The CO2 content and pH of the microenvironment were controlled by adjusting the number of alkaline layers in the patch. Additionally, the rigid and brittle patches were converted to compliant and stretchable patches by implementing mesh-like designs. Our results illustrate how 3D printing can be used for rapid design and fabrication of multifunctional or customized oromucosal patches with tailored dosages and changed drug permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Radeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Vertzoni M, Alsenz J, Augustijns P, Bauer-Brandl A, Bergström C, Brouwers J, Müllerz A, Perlovich G, Saal C, Sugano K, Reppas C. UNGAP best practice for improving solubility data quality of orally administered drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106043. [PMID: 34662708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An important goal of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action UNGAP (UNderstanding Gastrointestinal Absorption-related Processes, www.ungap.eu) is to improve standardization of methods relating to the study of oral drug absorption. Solubility is a general term that refers to the maximum achievable concentration of a compound dissolved in a liquid medium. For orally administered drugs, relevant information on drug properties is crucial during drug (product) development and at the regulatory level. Collection of reliable and reproducible solubility data requires careful application and understanding of the limitations of the selected experimental method. In addition, the purity of a compound and its solid state form, as well as experimental parameters such as temperature of experimentation, media related factors, and sample handling procedures can affect data quality. In this paper, an international consensus developed by the COST UNGAP network on recommendations for collecting high quality solubility data for the development of orally administered drugs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vertzoni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Zografou, Greece
| | - J Alsenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Augustijns
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery and Disposition, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Bauer-Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cas Bergström
- Uppsala University, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Brouwers
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery and Disposition, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Müllerz
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Perlovich
- The Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Solution Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - C Saal
- Merck KGaA, Analytics Healthcare, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Sugano
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - C Reppas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Zografou, Greece.
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15
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Dhaval M, Vaghela P, Patel K, Sojitra K, Patel M, Patel S, Dudhat K, Shah S, Manek R, Parmar R. Lipid-based emulsion drug delivery systems - a comprehensive review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1616-1639. [PMID: 34609731 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based emulsion system - a subcategory of emulsion technology, has emerged as an enticing option to improve the solubility of the steadily rising water-insoluble candidates. Along with enhancing solubility, additional advantages such as improvement in permeability, protection against pre-systemic metabolism, ease of manufacturing, and easy to scale-up have made lipid-based emulsion technology very popular among academicians and manufacturers. The present article provides a comprehensive review regarding various critical properties of lipid-based emulsion systems, such as microemulsion, nanoemulsion, SMEDDS (self microemulsifying drug delivery system), and SNEDDS (self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system). The present article also explains in detail the similarities and differences between them, the stabilization mechanism, methods of preparation, excipients used to prepare them, and evaluation techniques. Subtle differences between nearly related terminologies such as microemulsion and nanoemulsion, SMEDDS, and SNEDDS are also explained in detail to clarify the basic differences. The present article also gives in-depth information regarding the chemical structure of various lipidic excipients, various possible chemical modifications to modify their inherent properties, and their regulatory status for rational selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mori Dhaval
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Poonam Vaghela
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Keshvi Sojitra
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohini Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Sushma Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Dudhat
- K. V. Virani Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Badhada, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunny Shah
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi Manek
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Parmar
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Tosca EM, Bartolucci R, Magni P. Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Intrinsic Solubility of Drug-Like Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1101. [PMID: 34371792 PMCID: PMC8309152 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) approaches are receiving increasing attention from pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies, given their ability to mine knowledge from available data. In drug discovery, for example, they are employed in quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models to predict biological properties from the chemical structure of a drug molecule. In this paper, following the Second Solubility Challenge (SC-2), a QSPR model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was built to predict the intrinsic solubility (logS0) of the 100-compound low-variance tight set and the 32-compound high-variance loose set provided by SC-2 as test datasets. First, a training dataset of 270 drug-like molecules with logS0 value experimentally determined was gathered from the literature. Then, a standard three-layer feed-forward neural network was defined by using 10 ChemGPS physico-chemical descriptors as input features. The developed ANN showed adequate predictive performances on both of the SC-2 test datasets. Benefits and limitations of ML approaches have been highlighted and discussed, starting from this case-study. The main findings confirmed that ML approaches are an attractive and promising tool to predict logS0; however, many aspects, such as data quality, molecular descriptor computation and selection, and assessment of applicability domain, are crucial but often neglected, and should be carefully considered to improve predictions based on ML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.T.); (R.B.)
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17
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Influence of Lactobacillus Biosurfactants on Skin Permeation of Hydrocortisone. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060820. [PMID: 34073138 PMCID: PMC8228446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely used strategies to improve drug diffusion through the skin is the use of permeation enhancers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two biosurfactants (BS), produced by Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 and Lactobacillus gasseri BC9, on the skin permeation profile of hydrocortisone (HC, model drug). HC aqueous solubility and in vitro diffusion studies through porcine skin were performed in the presence of BC1-BS and BC9-BS at concentrations below and above critical micellar concentrations (CMC). Moreover, skin hydration tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed to further investigate BS interaction with the outermost layer of the skin. Both BS increased HC solubility, especially at concentrations above their CMC. At concentrations below the CMC, drug permeation through the skin was improved, as the result of a dual effect: a) the formation of a superficial lipophilic environment, as confirmed by the reduction in skin hydration and b) the interaction between BS and the stratum corneum (SC), as demonstrated by the DSC curves. From the obtained data, it appears that BC1-BS and BC9-BS could represent new promising green excipients for drug permeation enhancement through the skin.
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18
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Fuguet E, Subirats X, Ràfols C, Bosch E, Avdeef A. Ionizable Drug Self-Associations and the Solubility Dependence on pH: Detection of Aggregates in Saturated Solutions Using Mass Spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2311-2321. [PMID: 33983741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that solubility-pH profiles of ionizable compounds follow the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. However, several studies point out that compounds often undergo additional processes in saturated solutions, such as sub-micellar oligomerization, micellar aggregation, or drug-buffer complexation among others, which make the experimental profiles deviate from the behavior predicted by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Often, the presence of additional processes is supported by the analysis of experimental data through solubility computer programs. However, the purpose of this work is to experimentally prove the aggregation phenomena for a series of bases for which deviations from the theoretical profile have been observed. To this end, five monoprotic bases (lidocaine, maprotiline, cyproheptadine, bupivacaine, and mifepristone) susceptible to form ionic aggregates in solution have been selected, and mass spectrometry has been the technique of choice to prove the presence of aggregation. High declustering potentials have been applied to prevent aggregates from forming in the ionization source of the mass spectrometer. In addition, haloperidol has been used as a negative control since according to its profile, it is not suspected to form ionic aggregates. In all instances, except for haloperidol, the analysis of the saturated solutions revealed the presence of mixed-charged dimers (aggregates formed by a neutral molecule and a charged one) and even trimers in the case of mifepristone and bupivacaine. For lidocaine, the most soluble of the compounds, the presence of neutral aggregates was also detected. These experiments support the hypothesis that the simple Henderson-Hasselbalch equation may explain the solubility-pH behavior of certain compounds, but it can be somewhat inaccurate in describing the behavior of many other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Fuguet
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Serra-Húnter Program, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Subirats
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Clara Ràfols
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Bosch
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue #102, New York 10128, New York, United States
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19
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Grimberg DC, Shah A, Tan WP, Etienne W, Spasojevic I, Inman BA. Hyperthermia Improves Solubility of Intravesical Chemotherapeutic Agents. Bladder Cancer 2020; 6:461-470. [PMID: 36118287 PMCID: PMC9441059 DOI: 10.3233/blc-200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nearly 70% of all new cases of bladder cancer are non-muscle invasive disease, the treatment for which includes transurethral resection followed by intravesical therapy. Unfortunately, recurrence rates approach 50% in part due to poor intravesical drug delivery. Hyperthermia is frequently used as an adjunct to intravesical chemotherapy to improve drug delivery and response to treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the solubility profile of intravesical chemotherapies under varying conditions of pH and temperature. METHODS: Using microplate laser nephelometry we measured the solubility of three intravesical chemotherapy agents (mitomycin C, gemcitabine, and cisplatin) at varying physical conditions. Drugs were assessed at room temperature (23°C), body temperature (37°C), and 43°C, the temperature used for hyperthermic intravesical treatments. To account for variations in urine pH, solubility was also investigated at pH 4.00, 6.00, and 8.00. RESULTS: Heat incrementally increased the solubility of all three drugs studied. Conversely, pH largely did not impact solubility aside for gemcitabine which showed slightly reduced solubility at pH 8.00 versus 6.00 or 4.00. Mitomycin C at the commonly used 2.0 mg/mL was insoluble at room temperature, but soluble at both 37 and 43°C. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthermia as an adjunct to intravesical treatment would improve drug solubility, and likely drug delivery as some current regimens are insoluble without heat. Improvements in solubility also allow for testing of alternative administration regimens to improve drug delivery or tolerability. Further studies are needed to confirm that improvements in solubility result in increased drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C. Grimberg
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ankeet Shah
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Phin Tan
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wiguins Etienne
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brant A. Inman
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Pardhi VP, Flora S. Stable solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride with augmented physicochemical properties for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:334-351. [PMID: 33080060 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) was made with various polar and non-polar small molecules to overcome the poor aqueous solubility issue. LH-Glutathione (GSH) solid dispersion in 1:1 ratio was prepared by co-grinding method and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. GSH acts as antioxidant and reported for anti-schizophrenic activity may provide synergistic action with LH or reduce the side effects. LH in LH-GSH solid dispersion (SD) has shown improvement in solubility by 7.9 folds than plain drug which translated in terms of improved dissolution rate by two-folds. The in vitro dissolution results showed maximum dissolution rate with LH-GSH SD (97.85 ± 2.40%) compared to plain drug (50.5 ± 3.02%) at 15 min (t15 min, %) and thus, satisfying criteria of immediate release dosage form. DSC and FTIR data confirmed the stability of LH-GSH SD for 3 months at accelerated stability condition (40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH). The prepared LH-GSH SD can be used as a tool to target dual problems that is, enhanced physicochemical properties along with possible management of disorder which could be due to synergism with co-administered GSH. This approach is thought to be efficiently providing the relief to the psychological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas P Pardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swaran Flora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Llinas A, Oprisiu I, Avdeef A. Findings of the Second Challenge to Predict Aqueous Solubility. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4791-4803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Llinas
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE 431 50, Sweden
| | - Ioana Oprisiu
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE 431 50, Sweden
| | - Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue, #102, New York, New York 10128, United States
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22
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He S, Østergaard J, Ashna M, Nielsen CU, Jacobsen J, Mu H. Microenvironmental pH modifying films for buccal delivery of saquinavir: Effects of organic acids on pH and drug release in vitro. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Li Y, Lin X, Qin S, Gao L, Tang Y, Liu S, Wang Y. β‐Cyclodextrin‐modified covalent organic framework as chiral stationary phase for the separation of amino acids and β‐blockers by capillary electrochromatography. Chirality 2020; 32:1008-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang China
| | - Shili Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang China
| | - Lidi Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang China
| | - Yimin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang China
| | - Shuren Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang China
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24
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Chegireddy M, Hanegave GK, Lakshman D, Urazov A, Sree KN, Lewis SA, Dengale SJ. The Significance of Utilizing In Vitro Transfer Model and Media Selection to Study the Dissolution Performance of Weak Ionizable Bases: Investigation Using Saquinavir as a Model Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 31900686 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dissolution behavior of BCS class II ionizable weak base Saquinavir and its mesylate salt in the multi-compartment transfer setup employing different composition of dissolution media. The dissolution behavior of Saquinavir was studied by using a two-compartment transfer model representing the transfer of drug from the stomach (donor compartment) to the upper intestine (acceptor compartment). Various buffers like phosphate, bicarbonate, FaSSIF, and FeSSIF were employed. The dissolution was also studied in the concomitant presence of the additional solute, i.e., Quercetin. Further, the dissolution profiles of Saquinavir and its mesylate salt were simulated by GastroPlusTM, and the simulated dissolution profiles were compared against the experimental ones. The formation of in situ HCl salt and water-soluble amorphous phosphate aggregates was confirmed in the donor and acceptor compartments of the transfer setup, respectively. As the consequence of the lower solubility product of HCl salt of Saquinavir, the solubility advantage of mesylate salt was vanished leading to the lower than the predicted dissolution in the acceptor compartment. However, the formation of water-soluble aggregates in the presence of the phosphate salts was observed leading to the higher than the predicted dissolution of the free base in the transfer setup. Interestingly, the formation of such water-soluble aggregates was found to be hindered in the concomitant presence of an ionic solute resulting in the lower dissolution rates. The in situ generation of salts and aggregates in the transfer model lead to the inconsistent prediction of dissolution profiles by GastroPlusTM.
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25
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Wysoczanska K, Macedo EA, Sadowski G, Held C. Solubility Enhancement of Vitamins in Water in the Presence of Covitamins: Measurements and ePC-SAFT Predictions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wysoczanska
- Associate Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- Associate Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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26
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Kołodziejczyk A, Pyrcz P, Pobudkowska A, Błaziak K, Szmigielski R. Physicochemical Properties of Pinic, Pinonic, Norpinic, and Norpinonic Acids as Relevant α-Pinene Oxidation Products. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8261-8267. [PMID: 31455074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, the study is focused on the synthesis and determination of physicochemical properties of four α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products: cis-pinic acid, cis-pinonic acid, cis-norpinic acid, and cis-norpinonic acid. These encompass their thermal properties, solid-liquid phase equilibria, and dissociation constant (pKa). Thermal properties, including the melting temperature, enthalpy of fusion, temperature, and enthalpy of the phase transitions, were measured with the differential scanning calorimetry technique. These SOA components exhibit relatively high melting temperatures from 364.32 K for cis-pinic acid to 440.68 K for cis-norpinic acid. The enthalpies of fusion vary from 14.75 kJ·mol-1 for cis-norpinic acid to 30.35 kJ·mol-1 for cis-pinonic acid. The solubility in water was determined with the dynamic method (solid-liquid phase equilibria method), and then experimental results were interpreted and correlated using three different mathematical models: Wilson, non-random two-liquid model, and universal quasichemical equations. The results of the correlation indicate that the Wilson equation appears to work the best for all investigated compounds, giving rise to the lowest value of a standard deviation. cis-Norpinic acid and cis-pinic acid (dicarboxylic acids) show better solubility in the aqueous solution than cis-norpinonic acid and cis-pinonic acid (monocarboxylic acids), which affect the multiphase chemistry of α-pinene SOA processes. For cis-pinonic acid and cis-norpinonic acid, also pH-profile solubility was determined. The intrinsic solubility (S0) for cis-norpinonic acid was measured to be 0.05 mmol·dm-3, while for cis-pinonic acid, it was found to be 0.043 mmol·dm-3. The acidity constants (pKa) at 298 and 310 K using the Bates-Schwarzenbach spectrophotometric method were determined. The pKa values at 298.15 K for cis-norpinonic acid and cis-pinonic acid were found to be 4.56 and 5.19, respectively, whereas at 310.15 K, pKa values were found to be -4.76 and 5.25, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Patryk Pyrcz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , ul. Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Aneta Pobudkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , ul. Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Kacper Błaziak
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , ul. Pasteura 1 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Rafał Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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27
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Veseli A, Žakelj S, Kristl A. A review of methods for solubility determination in biopharmaceutical drug characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1717-1724. [PMID: 31512934 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1665062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The significance of thermodynamic solubility in biopharmaceutical compound or drug characterization as well as the importance of having methods that accurately establish it have been extensively addressed. Nonetheless, its precise determination continues to remain a challenging task to accomplish. Even more so when the number of compounds to evaluate is high and the available amount of each compound is low, both of which are inevitable for the compound characterization during the drug development process. Except for the shake-flask method which is still considered as the 'gold standard' in obtaining thermodynamic data, it is currently difficult to say that another satisfactory model which is routinely used to determine thermodynamic solubility is being applied. Therefore, this review summarizes the various experimental approaches which are based on the classical shake flask method but have yet attempted to speed up the experimental process of obtaining such data more conveniently. The most important experimental features of these approaches are provided to the reader. Some advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach are also highlighted, consequently offering a resource to those looking for the most appropriate of the approaches that have already fared well at determining the biopharmaceutically relevant drug solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardita Veseli
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Albin Kristl
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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28
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Llinas A, Avdeef A. Solubility Challenge Revisited after Ten Years, with Multilab Shake-Flask Data, Using Tight (SD ∼ 0.17 log) and Loose (SD ∼ 0.62 log) Test Sets. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3036-3040. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Llinas
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-43183 Sweden
| | - Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue, #102, New York, New York 10128, United States
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29
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Marković OS, Pešić MP, Shah AV, Serajuddin AT, Verbić TŽ, Avdeef A. Solubility-pH profile of desipramine hydrochloride in saline phosphate buffer: Enhanced solubility due to drug-buffer aggregates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:264-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Mimicking regional and fasted/fed state conditions in the intestine with the mucus-PVPA in vitro model: The impact of pH and simulated intestinal fluids on drug permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Mantik P, Xie M, Wong H, La H, Steigerwalt RW, Devanaboyina U, Ganem G, Shih D, Flygare JA, Fairbrother WJ, Chakravarty P, Russell D, Fernandez GE, Narang AS. Cyclodextrin Reduces Intravenous Toxicity of a Model Compound. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1934-1943. [PMID: 30639736 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solubilization of new chemical entities for toxicity assessment must use excipients that do not negatively impact drug pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this study, we investigated the tolerability of a model freebase compound, GDC-0152, solubilized by pH adjustment with succinic acid and complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to enable intravenous use. Solubility, critical micelle concentration, and association constant with HP-β-CD were determined. Blood compatibility and potential for hemolysis were assessed in vitro. Local tolerability was assessed after intravenous and subcutaneous injections in rats. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rats after intravenous bolus administration. GDC-0152 exhibited pH-dependent solubility that was influenced by self-association. The presence of succinic acid increased solubility in a concentration-dependent manner. HP-β-CD alone also increased solubility, but the extent of solubility enhancement was significantly lower than succinic acid alone. Inclusion of HP-β-CD in the solution of GDC-0152 improved blood compatibility, reduced hemolytic potential by ∼20-fold in vitro, and increased the maximum tolerated dose to 80 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Mantik
- Departments of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080.
| | - Minli Xie
- Departments of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Harvey Wong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hank La
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ronald W Steigerwalt
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Uday Devanaboyina
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Geoffrey Ganem
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Danny Shih
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - John A Flygare
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wayne J Fairbrother
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Paroma Chakravarty
- Departments of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - David Russell
- Departments of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Gilberto E Fernandez
- Departments of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ajit S Narang
- Departments of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080.
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32
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Right filter-selection for phase separation in equilibrium solubility measurement. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Evans D, Yalkowsky S, Wu S, Pereira D, Fernandes P. Overcoming the Challenges of Low Drug Solubility in the Intravenous Formulation of Solithromycin. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:412-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boobier S, Osbourn A, Mitchell JBO. Can human experts predict solubility better than computers? J Cheminform 2017; 9:63. [PMID: 29238891 PMCID: PMC5729181 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-017-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we design and carry out a survey, asking human experts to predict the aqueous solubility of druglike organic compounds. We investigate whether these experts, drawn largely from the pharmaceutical industry and academia, can match or exceed the predictive power of algorithms. Alongside this, we implement 10 typical machine learning algorithms on the same dataset. The best algorithm, a variety of neural network known as a multi-layer perceptron, gave an RMSE of 0.985 log S units and an R2 of 0.706. We would not have predicted the relative success of this particular algorithm in advance. We found that the best individual human predictor generated an almost identical prediction quality with an RMSE of 0.942 log S units and an R2 of 0.723. The collection of algorithms contained a higher proportion of reasonably good predictors, nine out of ten compared with around half of the humans. We found that, for either humans or algorithms, combining individual predictions into a consensus predictor by taking their median generated excellent predictivity. While our consensus human predictor achieved very slightly better headline figures on various statistical measures, the difference between it and the consensus machine learning predictor was both small and statistically insignificant. We conclude that human experts can predict the aqueous solubility of druglike molecules essentially equally well as machine learning algorithms. We find that, for either humans or algorithms, combining individual predictions into a consensus predictor by taking their median is a powerful way of benefitting from the wisdom of crowds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boobier
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - John B O Mitchell
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK.
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35
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Mettou A, Papaneophytou C, Melagraki G, Maranti A, Liepouri F, Alexiou P, Papakyriakou A, Couladouros E, Eliopoulos E, Afantitis A, Kontopidis G. Aqueous Solubility Enhancement for Bioassays of Insoluble Inhibitors and QSPR Analysis: A TNF-α Study. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:84-93. [PMID: 28586633 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217712507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to improve the aqueous solubility of a group of compounds without interfering with their bioassay as well as to create a relevant prediction model. A series of 55 potential small-molecule inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; SPD304 and 54 analogues), many of which cannot be bioassayed because of their poor solubility, was used for this purpose. The solubility of many of the compounds was sufficiently improved to allow measurement of their respective dissociation constants (Kd). Parameters such as dissolution time, initial state of the solute (solid/liquid), co-solvent addition (DMSO and PEG3350), and sample filtration were evaluated. Except for filtration, the remaining parameters affected aqueous solubility, and a solubilization protocol was established according to these. The aqueous solubility of the 55 compounds in 5% DMSO was measured with this protocol, and a predictive quantitative structure property relationship model was developed and fully validated based on these data. This classification model separates the insoluble from the soluble compounds and predicts the solubility of potential small-molecule inhibitors of TNF-α in aqueous solution (containing 5% DMSO as co-solvent) with an accuracy of 81.2%. The domain of applicability of the model indicates the type of compounds for which estimation of aqueous solubility can be confidently predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Mettou
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,2 Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IRETETH), Volos, Greece
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,2 Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IRETETH), Volos, Greece
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- 3 Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Athens, Greece.,4 NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Polyxeni Alexiou
- 6 Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- 7 Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Couladouros
- 6 Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- 7 Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- 3 Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Athens, Greece.,4 NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Kontopidis
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,2 Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IRETETH), Volos, Greece
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36
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Equilibrium solubility measurement of compounds with low dissolution rate by Higuchi's Facilitated Dissolution Method. A validation study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:133-141. [PMID: 28577995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Incubation time plays a critical role in the accurate measurement of equilibrium solubility of compounds. Substances which dissolve very slowly generally need long incubation times (days or weeks) to reach equilibrium. However, long times may pose several problems, such as decomposition of solute, molding of buffer, and drifting of pH. Higuchi in 1979 proposed the Facilitated Dissolution Method (FDM) to dramatically reduce incubation time. It employs a small volume of water-immiscible organic solvent to partly solubilize the sample and thereby increase the surface area available for dissolution. The method has been used only rarely. In this study we performed a systematic validation of FDM using progesterone as model compound. The reference solubility value, 7.95±0.21μg/mL (p<0.05, n=5), was determined in Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH7.4) at 25.0°C by the standardized protocol of Saturation Shake-Flask (SSF) method. Also, the solubility was measured by the FDM approach under varied experimental conditions (e.g., type and volume of organic solvent, time of agitation, and amount of solid excess), and compared to the reference value. It was demonstrated that the small amount of organic solvent used in the FDM does not impact the measured solubility, compared to the reference value. Additionally, four compounds of low dissolution rate (dexamethasone, digoxin, haloperidol and cosalane) were used to demonstrate that FDM can reduce the long equilibration time to the standardized 24h (6h stirring and 18h sedimentation). The time dependence of solubility equilibrium was measured by SSF, and the results were compared with those obtained by FDM. Our study, based on >200 solubility experiments, supports the validity of Higuchi's method. In this study we propose a standardized protocol for the FDM, where 1% v/v of organic solvent is used. Octane (or isooctane) was found to be suitable for highly hydrophobic compounds. Alternatively, octanol or 1,2-dichloroethane can be used for less lipophilic compounds.
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37
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Bou-Chacra N, Melo KJC, Morales IAC, Stippler ES, Kesisoglou F, Yazdanian M, Löbenberg R. Evolution of Choice of Solubility and Dissolution Media After Two Decades of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Kim S, Jinich A, Aspuru-Guzik A. MultiDK: A Multiple Descriptor Multiple Kernel Approach for Molecular Discovery and Its Application to Organic Flow Battery Electrolytes. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:657-668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Adrián Jinich
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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39
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Shishkin M, Volkov D, Pelivanov I, Proskurnin M. Direct solubility determination in optically dense solutions of highly soluble chromophores by the optoacoustic technique: Acidity dependence for Phenol Red. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 953:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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He Y, Ho C, Yang D, Chen J, Orton E. Measurement and Accurate Interpretation of the Solubility of Pharmaceutical Salts. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1190-1196. [PMID: 28153596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt formation is one of the primary approaches to improve the developability of ionizable poorly water-soluble compounds. Solubility determination of the salt candidates in aqueous media or biorelevant fluids is a critical step in salt screening. Salt solubility measurements can be complicated due to dynamic changes in both solution and solid phases. Because of the early implementation of salt screening in research, solubility measurements often are performed using minimal amount of material. Some salts have transient high solubility on dissolution. Recognition of these transients can be critical in developing these salts into drug products. This minireview focuses on challenges in salt solubility measurements due to the changes in solution caused by self-buffering effects of dissolved species and the changes in solid phase due to solid-state phase transformations. Solubility measurements and their accurate interpretation are assessed in the context of dissolution monitoring and solid-phase analysis technologies. A harmonized method for reporting salt solubility measurements is recommended to reduce errors and to align with the U.S. Pharmacopeial policy and Food and Drug Administration recommendations for drug products containing pharmaceutical salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Pre-development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451.
| | - Chris Ho
- Pre-development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Donglai Yang
- Pre-development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Jeane Chen
- Pre-development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Edward Orton
- Prescient Drug Delivery LLC, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey 07922
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41
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Pobudkowska A, Ràfols C, Subirats X, Bosch E, Avdeef A. Phenothiazines solution complexity – Determination of pKa and solubility-pH profiles exhibiting sub-micellar aggregation at 25 and 37°C. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:163-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Imaging of in vitro parenteral drug precipitation. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:219-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Takano J, Maeda K, Bolger MB, Sugiyama Y. The Prediction of the Relative Importance of CYP3A/P-glycoprotein to the Nonlinear Intestinal Absorption of Drugs by Advanced Compartmental Absorption and Transit Model. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1808-1818. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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44
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Parrott NJ, Yu LJ, Takano R, Nakamura M, Morcos PN. Physiologically Based Absorption Modeling to Explore the Impact of Food and Gastric pH Changes on the Pharmacokinetics of Alectinib. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1464-1474. [PMID: 27450228 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alectinib, a lipophilic, basic, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor with very low aqueous solubility, has received Food and Drug Administration-accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer. This paper describes the application of physiologically based absorption modeling during clinical development to predict and understand the impact of food and gastric pH changes on alectinib absorption. The GastroPlus™ software was used to develop an absorption model integrating in vitro and in silico data on drug substance properties. Oral pharmacokinetics was simulated by linking the absorption model to a disposition model fit to pharmacokinetic data obtained after an intravenous infusion. Simulations were compared to clinical data from a food effect study and a drug-drug interaction study with esomeprazole, a gastric acid-reducing agent. Prospective predictions of a positive food effect and negligible impact of gastric pH elevation were confirmed with clinical data, although the exact magnitude of the food effect could not be predicted with confidence. After optimization of the absorption model with clinical food effect data, a refined model was further applied to derive recommendations on the timing of dose administration with respect to a meal. The application of biopharmaceutical absorption modeling is an area with great potential to further streamline late stage drug development and with impact on regulatory questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Li J Yu
- Roche Innovation Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ryusuke Takano
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Nakamura
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Musil K, Florianova V, Bucek P, Dohnal V, Kuca K, Musilek K. Development and validation of a FIA/UV-vis method for pK(a) determination of oxime based acetylcholinesterase reactivators. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:240-6. [PMID: 26386953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase reactivators (oximes) are compounds used for antidotal treatment in case of organophosphorus poisoning. The dissociation constants (pK(a1)) of ten standard or promising acetylcholinesterase reactivators were determined by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. Two methods of spectra measurement (UV-vis spectrometry, FIA/UV-vis) were applied and compared. The soft and hard models for calculation of pK(a1) values were performed. The pK(a1) values were recommended in the range 7.00-8.35, where at least 10% of oximate anion is available for organophosphate reactivation. All tested oximes were found to have pK(a1) in this range. The FIA/UV-vis method provided rapid sample throughput, low sample consumption, high sensitivity and precision compared to standard UV-vis method. The hard calculation model was proposed as more accurate for pK(a1) calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Musil
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Florianova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bucek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Dohnal
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic.
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46
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Loch JI, Bonarek P, Polit A, Jabłoński M, Czub M, Ye X, Lewiński K. β-Lactoglobulin interactions with local anaesthetic drugs – Crystallographic and calorimetric studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Sun F, Yu Q, Zhu J, Lei L, Li Z, Zhang X. Measurement and ANN prediction of pH-dependent solubility of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:402-407. [PMID: 25985098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on the solubility of 25 nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) measured by saturation shake-flask method, artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to the study of the quantitative relationship between the structure and pH-dependent solubility of NHCs. With genetic algorithm-multivariate linear regression (GA-MLR) approach, five out of the 1497 molecular descriptors computed by Dragon software were selected to describe the molecular structures of NHCs. Using the five selected molecular descriptors as well as pH and the partial charge on the nitrogen atom of NHCs (QN) as inputs of ANN, a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model without using Henderson-Hasselbalch (HH) equation was successfully developed to predict the aqueous solubility of NHCs in different pH water solutions. The prediction model performed well on the 25 model NHCs with an absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 5.9%, while HH approach gave an AARD of 36.9% for the same model NHCs. It was found that QN played a very important role in the description of NHCs and, with QN, ANN became a potential tool for the prediction of pH-dependent solubility of NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Wanhua Chemical (Ningbo) Co. Ltd, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Qingni Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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48
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Alves JMV, Prado LD, Rocha HVA. Evaluation and correlation of the physicochemical properties of carvedilol. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:856-866. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1073740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Intestinal solubility and absorption of poorly water soluble compounds: predictions, challenges and solutions. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:935-59. [PMID: 26316058 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have explored for which type of compounds biorelevant dissolution profiling in simulated intestinal fluids would accurately predict solubility in human intestinal fluid. In total, 474 solubility values in simulated and aspirated human intestinal fluid for 78 drugs were compiled and analyzed. Significant solubilization in the colloidal structures was obtained in fasted and fed state fluids for drug compounds with a logD(oct)>3. Highly lipophilic compounds with high melting points (Tm > 200 °C) could also be significantly solubilized, but typically such compounds had solubility values in the lower µg/ml range also in the presence of the colloidal structures. On the basis of our analysis, compounds with a logD(oct)>3 should be explored in biorelevant dissolution media to better predict in vivo performance after oral dosing.
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50
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Wei Y, Nedley MP, Bhaduri SB, Bredzinski X, Boddu SHS. Masking the bitter taste of injectable lidocaine HCl formulation for dental procedures. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:455-65. [PMID: 25361901 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to mask the bitter taste of oral formulations, but none have been made for injectable formulations. This study aims to mask the bitter taste of dental lidocaine HCl (LID) injection using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sodium saccharin. Inclusion complexes of LID and HP-β-CD were prepared by the solution method in 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios. Inclusion complexes in solution were studied using phase solubility in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 8, 9, and 10). Freeze-dried inclusion complexes were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro release. Injectable formulations were prepared using inclusion complexes and characterized for stability and for taste using an Alpha MOS ASTREE electronic tongue (ETongue). The association constants of HP-β-CD with lidocaine-free base and its ionized form were found to be 26.23 ± 0.00025 and 0.8694 ± 0.00045 M(-1), respectively. Characterization studies confirmed the formation of stable inclusion complexes of LID and HP-β-CD. Injectable formulations were found to be stable for up to 6 months at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C. The taste evaluation study indicated that HP-β-CD (1:1 and 1:2 M ratios) significantly improved the bitter taste of LID injectable formulation. In conclusion, inclusion complex in the 1:1 M ratio with 0.09% sodium saccharin was considered to be optimum in masking the bitter taste of LID.
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