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Komal, Nanda BP, Singh L, Bhatia R, Singh A. Paclitaxel in colon cancer management: from conventional chemotherapy to advanced nanocarrier delivery systems. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03256-8. [PMID: 38990305 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a potent chemotherapeutic agent derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of various cancers, including colon cancer. This comprehensive review delves into the conventional treatments for colon cancer, emphasizing the crucial role of paclitaxel in contemporary management strategies. It explores the intricate process of sourcing and synthesizing paclitaxel, highlighting the importance of its structural properties in its anticancer activity. The review further elucidates the mechanism of action of paclitaxel, its pharmacological effects, and its integration into chemotherapy regimens for colon cancer. Additionally, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanocarriers, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, micelles, microemulsions, and niosomes, are examined for their potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel. The discussion extends to recent clinical trials and patents, showcasing advancements in paclitaxel formulations aimed at improving treatment outcomes. The review concludes with prospects in the field underscoring the ongoing innovation and potential breakthroughs in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Lovekesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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2
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diZerega GS, Maulhardt HA, Verco SJ, Marin AM, Baltezor MJ, Mauro SA, Iacobucci MA. Intratumoral Injection of Large Surface Area Microparticle Taxanes in Carcinomas Increases Immune Effector Cell Concentrations, Checkpoint Expression, and Synergy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Oncol Ther 2024; 12:31-55. [PMID: 38289576 PMCID: PMC10881942 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes development of large surface area microparticle paclitaxel (LSAM-PTX) and docetaxel (LSAM-DTX) for local treatment of primary carcinomas with emphasis on immunomodulation. Intratumoral (IT) delivery of LSAM-PTX and LSAM-DTX provides continuous, therapeutic drug levels for several weeks. Preclinical studies and clinical trials reported a reduction in tumor volume (TV) and immunomodulation in primary tumor and peripheral blood with increases in innate and adaptive immune cells and decreases in suppressor cells. Increased levels of checkpoint expression of immune cells occurred in clinical trials of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LSAM-DTX) and unresectable localized pancreatic cancer (LSAM-PTX). TV reduction and increases in immune effector cells occurred following IT LSAM-DTX and IT LSAM-PTX together with anti-mCTLA-4 and anti-mPD-1, respectively. Synergistic benefits from combinatorial therapy in a 4T1-Luc breast cancer model included reduction of metastasis with IT LSAM-DTX + anti-mCTLA-4. IT LSAM-PTX and LSAM-DTX are tumoricidal, immune enhancing, and may improve solid tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors without additional systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gere S diZerega
- US Biotest, Inc., 231 Bonetti Drive, Suite 240, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA.
- NanOlogy, LLC., 3909 Hulen Street, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Holly A Maulhardt
- US Biotest, Inc., 231 Bonetti Drive, Suite 240, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Shelagh J Verco
- US Biotest, Inc., 231 Bonetti Drive, Suite 240, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Alyson M Marin
- US Biotest, Inc., 231 Bonetti Drive, Suite 240, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | | | - Samantha A Mauro
- US Biotest, Inc., 231 Bonetti Drive, Suite 240, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
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3
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Maulhardt HA, Marin AM, diZerega GS. Intratumoral Treatment of Melanoma Tumors with Large Surface Area Microparticle Paclitaxel and Synergy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:689-697. [PMID: 38283196 PMCID: PMC10812144 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of intratumoral (IT) large surface area microparticle paclitaxel (LSAM-PTX) alone and in combination with systemic administration of the programmed cell death protein antibody (anti-mPD-1) were evaluated in a syngeneic murine model of melanoma. Groups of mice with subcutaneously implanted Clone M3 (Cloudman S91) tumors were treated with single and combination therapies. Tumor volume (TV) measurements, body weights, and clinical observations were followed in-life. At end of study, tumor-site tissues were collected, measured, and processed for flow cytometry along with blood and lymph nodes. The combination of LSAM-PTX + anti-mPD-1 resulted in an antitumoral response, which produced a significant decrease in TV compared to control animals. TV decreases also occurred in the LSAM-PTX and anti-mPD-1 groups. Flow cytometry analysis found increases in granulocytes and M2 macrophages and decreases in dendritic cells (DC) and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) in tumor-site tissues. Increases in granulocytes and decreases in CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and M1 macrophages were found in the blood of animals administered the combination treatment. Increases in natural killer (NK) cells were found in lymph node tissue in the combination treatment group. These findings suggest that IT LSAM-PTX may provide benefit in the local treatment of melanomas and may synergize with systemic anti-PD-1 therapy, leading to additional tumoricidal outcomes without added systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gere S diZerega
- US Biotest, Inc, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Nanology, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Hooda P, Malik R, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Halawi MA, Makeen HA, Mohan S. Phytoimmunomodulators: A review of natural modulators for complex immune system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23790. [PMID: 38205318 PMCID: PMC10777011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the medicinal properties of plants and their effects on the human immune system are being studied extensively. Plants are an incredible source of traditional medicines that help cure various diseases, including altered immune mechanisms and are economical and benign compared to allopathic medicines. Reported data in written documents such as Traditional Chinese medicine, Indian Ayurvedic medicine support the supplementation of botanicals for immune defense reactions in the body and can lead to safe and effective immunity responses. Additionally, some botanicals are well-identified as magical herbal remedies because they act upon the pathogen directly and help boost the immunity of the host. Chemical compounds, also known as phytochemicals, obtained from these botanicals looked promising due to their effects on the human immune system by modulating the lymphocytes which subsequently reduce the chances of getting infected. This paper summarises most documented phytochemicals and how they act on the immune system, their properties and possible mechanisms, screening conventions, formulation guidelines, comparison with synthetic immunity-enhancers, marketed immunity-boosting products, and immune-booster role in the ongoing ghastly corona virus wave. However, it focuses mainly on plant metabolites as immunomodulators. In addition, it also sheds light on the current advancements and future possibilities in this field. From this thorough study, it can be stated that the plant-based secondary metabolites contribute significantly to immunity building and could prove to be valuable medicaments for the design and development of novel immunomodulators even for a pandemic like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partibha Hooda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Gurugram Global College of Pharmacy, Gurugram, India
- SRM Modi Nagar College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Oman
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Halawi
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
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5
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Gu S, Dusza S, Quigley E, Haliasos H, Markova A, Marchetti M, Moy AP, Dang C, Modi S, Lake D, Noor S, Lacouture ME. Pruritus related to trastuzumab and pertuzumab in HER2 + breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:271-280. [PMID: 37833451 PMCID: PMC10787687 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab (HP) as part of a taxane-based regimen has shown benefit in the adjuvant and metastatic HER2 + breast cancer setting. In the CLEOPATRA trial, pruritus was reported in 11-17.6% of patients. The clinical phenotype and potential treatment strategies for this event have not been reported. METHODS A retrospective review of 2583 patients receiving trastuzumab and pertuzumab for the treatment of HER2 + breast cancer from 11/23/2011 to 6/21/2021 was performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Patient demographics, pruritus characteristics, and treatments as documented in the electronic medical record (EMR) were included in this analysis. RESULTS Of 2583 pts treated with HP, 122 (4.72%) with pruritus were identified. On average, patients experienced pruritus 319.0 days (8-3171) after initiation of HP. The upper extremities (67.4%), back (29.3%), lower extremities (17.4%), and shoulders (14.1%) were the most commonly affected regions. Grade 1/2 pruritus (97.6%) occurred in most cases. Patients responded primarily to treatment with topical steroids (52.2%), antihistamines (29.9%), emollients (20.9%), and gabapentinoids (16.4%). Of those with pruritus, 4 patients (3.3%) required treatment interruption or discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Pruritus is uncommon in patients on trastuzumab and pertuzumab, generally a chronic condition, with gabapentinoids or antihistamines representing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gu
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Stephen Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Elizabeth Quigley
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Helen Haliasos
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alina Markova
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Michael Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Andrea P Moy
- Dermatopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Chau Dang
- Breast Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Breast Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Diana Lake
- Breast Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Noor
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 East 73rd Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
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Huang X, Ren Q, Yang L, Cui D, Ma C, Zheng Y, Wu J. Immunogenic chemotherapy: great potential for improving response rates. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1308681. [PMID: 38125944 PMCID: PMC10732354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of anti-tumor immunity is critical in treating cancers. Recent studies indicate that several chemotherapy agents can stimulate anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death and durably eradicate tumors. This suggests that immunogenic chemotherapy holds great potential for improving response rates. However, chemotherapy in practice has only had limited success in inducing long-term survival or cure of cancers when used either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. We think that this is because the importance of dose, schedule, and tumor model dependence of chemotherapy-activated anti-tumor immunity is under-appreciated. Here, we review immune modulation function of representative chemotherapy agents and propose a model of immunogenic chemotherapy-induced long-lasting responses that rely on synergetic interaction between killing tumor cells and inducing anti-tumor immunity. We comb through several chemotherapy treatment schedules, and identify the needs for chemotherapy dose and schedule optimization and combination therapy with immunotherapy when chemotherapy dosage or immune responsiveness is too low. We further review tumor cell intrinsic factors that affect the optimal chemotherapy dose and schedule. Lastly, we review the biomarkers indicating responsiveness to chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy treatments. A deep understanding of how chemotherapy activates anti-tumor immunity and how to monitor its responsiveness can lead to the development of more effective chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghuan Ren
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Cui
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueliang Zheng
- Cancer Center, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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da Silva JLG, Viana AR, Passos DF, Krause LMF, Miron VV, Schetinger MRC, Pillat MM, Palma TV, Leal DBR. Istradefylline modulates purinergic enzymes and reduces malignancy-associated factors in B16F10 melanoma cells. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:633-650. [PMID: 36522571 PMCID: PMC10754812 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and adenosine exert pivotal roles in the development, maintenance, and metastatic spreading of melanoma. The action of such key melanoma tumor microenvironment (TME) constituents might be complementary or opposed, and their effects are not exclusive to immune cells but also to other host cells and tumor cells. The effects of ATP are controlled by the axis CD39/73, resulting in adenosine, the main actor in the TME, and A2A is the crucial mediator of its effects. We evaluated ATP and adenosine signaling through A2A on B16F10 melanoma cells using istradefylline (IST) (antiparkinsonian A2A antagonist) and caffeine (CAF) treatments after exposure to ATP and adenosine. Adenosine increased melanoma cell viability and proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. ATP increases viability only as a substrate by CD39 to produce adenosine. Both IST and CAF are toxic to B16F10 cells, but only IST potentialized paclitaxel-induced cytotoxic effects, even decreasing its IC50 value. IST positively modulated CD39 and CD73 expression. CD39 activity was increased, and E-ADA was reduced, indicating that the melanoma cells promoted compensatory feedback in the production and maintenance of adenosine levels. A2A antagonism by IST reduced the factors associated with malignancy, like migration, adhesion, colony formation, and the capacity to produce melanin. Moreover, IST significantly increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which correlates to a decline in melanoma cell viability by apoptotic events. Altogether, our results suggest that adenosine signaling through A2A is essential for B16F10 cells, and its inhibition by IST causes compensatory purinergic enzymatic modulations. Furthermore, IST is a promising therapy that provides new ways to improve current melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lucas Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Altevir Rossato Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Laboratório de Biociências, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal Palma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Wittwer NL, Brown MP, Liapis V, Staudacher AH. Antibody drug conjugates: hitting the mark in pancreatic cancer? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:280. [PMID: 37880707 PMCID: PMC10598980 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and the 5-year survival rate has only improved marginally over the last decade. Late detection of the disease means that in most cases the disease has advanced locally and/or metastasized, and curative surgery is not possible. Chemotherapy is still the first-line treatment however, this has only had a modest impact in improving survival, with associated toxicities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for targeted approaches to better treat pancreatic cancer, while minimizing treatment-induced side-effects. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are one treatment option that could fill this gap. Here, a monoclonal antibody is used to deliver extremely potent drugs directly to the tumor site to improve on-target killing while reducing off-target toxicity. In this paper, we review the current literature for ADC targets that have been examined in vivo for treating pancreatic cancer, summarize current and on-going clinical trials using ADCs to treat pancreatic cancer and discuss potential strategies to improve their therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Wittwer
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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9
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Yun HD, Goel Y, Gupta K. Crosstalk of Mast Cells and Natural Killer Cells with Neurons in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12543. [PMID: 37628724 PMCID: PMC10454469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major comorbidity of cancer. Multiple clinical interventions have been studied to effectively treat CIPN, but the results have been disappointing, with no or little efficacy. Hence, understanding the pathophysiology of CIPN is critical to improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Although various mechanisms of CIPN have been described in neuropathic anti-cancer agents, the neuroinflammatory process involving cytotoxic/proinflammatory immune cells remains underexamined. While mast cells (MCs) and natural killer (NK) cells are the key innate immune compartments implicated in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy, their role in CIPN has remained under-appreciated. Moreover, the biology of proinflammatory cytokines associated with MCs and NK cells in CIPN is particularly under-evaluated. In this review, we will focus on the interactions between MCs, NK cells, and neuronal structure and their communications via proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, in peripheral neuropathy in association with tumor immunology. This review will help lay the foundation to investigate MCs, NK cells, and cytokines to advance future therapeutic strategies for CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Don Yun
- Hematology, Oncology, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (Y.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Yugal Goel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (Y.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (Y.G.); (K.G.)
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10
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Sousa-Pimenta M, Estevinho LM, Szopa A, Basit M, Khan K, Armaghan M, Ibrayeva M, Sönmez Gürer E, Calina D, Hano C, Sharifi-Rad J. Chemotherapeutic properties and side-effects associated with the clinical practice of terpene alkaloids: paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157306. [PMID: 37229270 PMCID: PMC10203197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, many biological and synthetic agents have been explored and tested in attempts to halt the spread of cancer and/or cure it. Currently, several natural compounds have and are being considered in this regard. For example, paclitaxel is a potent anticancer drug that originates from the tree Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel has several derivatives, namely, docetaxel and cabazitaxel. These agents work by disrupting microtubule assembling dynamics and inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, ultimately triggering apoptosis. Such features have helped to establish paclitaxel as an authoritative therapeutic compound against neoplastic disorders. After the completion of compound (hemi) synthesis, this drug received approval for the treatment of solid tumors either alone or in combination with other agents. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of action of paclitaxel and its derivatives, the different formulations available, as well as the molecular pathways of cancer resistance, potential risks, and other therapeutic applications. In addition, the role of paclitaxel in hematological malignancies is explored, and potential limitations in the therapeutic use of paclitaxel at the clinical level are examined. Furthermore, paclitaxel is known to cause increased antigen presentation. The immunomodulatory potential of taxanes, alone or in combination with other pharmacologic agents, is explored. Despite terpene-alkaloids derivatives' anti-mitotic potential, the impact of this class of drugs on other oncogenic pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the epigenetic modulation of the transcription profile of cancer cells, is also analyzed, shedding light on potential future chemotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sousa-Pimenta
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Letícia M. Estevinho
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mahnoor Basit
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Armaghan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Manshuk Ibrayeva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Université ď Orléans, Chartres, France
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11
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Gu S, Dusza S, Quigley E, Haliasos H, Markova A, Marchetti M, Moy A, Dang C, Modi S, Lake D, Noor S, Lacouture M. Pruritus Related to Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in HER2+ Breast Cancer Patients. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2679676. [PMID: 37163123 PMCID: PMC10168468 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2679676/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab (HP) as part of a taxane-based regimen has shown benefit in the adjuvant and metastatic HER2+ breast cancer setting. In the CLEOPATRA trial, pruritus was reported in 11-17.6% of patients. The clinical phenotype and potential treatment strategies for this event have not been reported. Methods A retrospective review of 2583 patients receiving trastuzumab and pertuzumab for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer from 11/23/2011 to 6/21/2021 was performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Patient demographics, pruritus characteristics, and treatments as documented in the electronic medical record (EMR) were included in this analysis. Results Of 2583 pts treated with HP, 122 (4.72%) with pruritus were identified. On average, patients experienced pruritus 319.0 days (8-3171) after initiation of HP. The upper extremities (67.4%), back (29.3%), lower extremities (17.4%), and shoulders (14.1%) were the most commonly affected regions. Grade 1/2 pruritus (97.6%) occurred in most cases. Patients responded primarily to treatment with topical steroids (52.2%), antihistamines (29.9%), emollients (20.9%), and gabapentinoids (16.4%). Of those with pruritus, 4 patients (3.3%) required treatment interruption or discontinuation. Conclusions Pruritus is uncommon in patients on trastuzumab and pertuzumab, generally a chronic condition, with gabapentinoids or antihistamines representing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Moy
- MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Chau Dang
- MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Shanu Modi
- MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Diana Lake
- MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Sarah Noor
- MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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12
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Chin K, Yamamoto S, Takahashi M, Kadowaki S, Kubota Y, Amanuma Y, Okada M, Kanda M, Kimura Y, Nogi Y, Arimitsu Y, Kitagawa Y. Effectiveness of taxanes following nivolumab in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective chart review of patients in ATTRACTION-3. Esophagus 2023; 20:302-308. [PMID: 36564602 PMCID: PMC10024664 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase III ATTRACTION-3 study showed that second-line nivolumab monotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma prolonged overall survival (OS) but did not improve progression-free survival (PFS). Subsequent systemic therapy after discontinuing nivolumab may affect these outcomes. To test this possibility, we evaluated the outcomes of treatment with taxanes after nivolumab in ATTRACTION-3. METHODS We reviewed the charts of Japanese patients who had discontinued second-line nivolumab in ATTRACTION-3 and started subsequent third-line taxanes between January 7, 2016, and November 12, 2018. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) to third-line taxanes. RESULTS Of the 75 patients included in this study, 54 (72%), 18 (24%), and 3 (4%) patients received either paclitaxel, docetaxel, or combination therapy comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. The ORR in the overall, paclitaxel, and docetaxel groups was 29.6%, 36.5%, and 12.5%, respectively; these numbers were comparable to those (20-44%) in patients receiving taxanes as first- and second-line therapy. The median OS in the overall, paclitaxel, and docetaxel groups was 9.9, 9.9, and 9.3 months, respectively, whereas the corresponding median PFS was 4.9, 4.7 and 6.5 months, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were observed in 65 (87%) patients, of which grade 3-4 occurred in 37 (49%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Favorable effectiveness and safety profile of taxanes following second-line nivolumab was observed in Japanese patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. When a patient with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab becomes refractory or intolerant, subsequent taxane treatment may be a promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisho Chin
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kadowaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amanuma
- Department of Clinical Trial Promotion, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasue Kimura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhiko Nogi
- Oncology Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Arimitsu
- Department of Oncology, ONO Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Sharma NR, Lo SK, Hendifar A, Othman MO, Patel K, Mendoza-Ladd A, Verco S, Maulhardt HA, Verco J, Wendt A, Marin A, Schmidt CM, diZerega G. Response of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer to Intratumoral Injection of Large Surface Area Microparticle Paclitaxel: Initial Report of Safety and Clinical Outcome. Pancreas 2023; 52:e179-e187. [PMID: 37782888 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large surface area microparticle paclitaxel (LSAM-PTX) provides an intratumoral (IT) chemotherapeutic depot. Safety, tolerability, and tumor response to IT LSAM-PTX delivered by endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle injection were evaluated in subjects with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). METHODS Ten subjects treated in a dose escalation phase and 22 additional subjects receiving 2 injections, 4 weeks apart, of 15 mg/mL LSAM-PTX were followed for 12 months. Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics were evaluated, imaging at 3 and 6 months determined tumor response, and multiplex immunofluorescence was conducted to characterize local immune response. RESULTS Most treatment-emergent adverse events were attributed to LAPC. Plasma paclitaxel levels were negligible. Eight subjects' tumors became resectable after IT LSAM-PTX, and 5 of 6 (83%) were resected with R0. Multiplex immunofluorescence of resected tumors demonstrated increased T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages and decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Six-month disease control rate was 94%, and median overall survival was 19.7 months in the 2-injection subjects. For nonresected and resected groups, overall survival times were 18.9 and 35.2 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant IT LSAM-PTX, in combination with SOC, was well tolerated and may provide benefits to LAPC patients, evidenced by enhanced immune response, improved disease control rate, restaging leading to surgery, and extended survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Sharma
- From the Division of Interventional Oncology and Surgical Endoscopy, Parkview Cancer Institute, Fort Wayne, IN
| | - Simon K Lo
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohamed O Othman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kalpesh Patel
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Antonio Mendoza-Ladd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX
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14
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Lee T, Kim KS, Na K. Nanocracker capable of simultaneously reversing both P-glycoprotein and tumor microenvironment. J Control Release 2023; 354:268-278. [PMID: 36634708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a multidrug-resistant nanocracker (MDRC) that can treat multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer by recognizing the acidic microenvironment and inhibiting two mechanisms of MDR such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). MDRC is a liposome formulation co-loading pantoprazole (PZ) and paclitaxel (PTX). PZ acts as a chemosensitizer that enhances the MDR cancer treatment effect of PTX by disrupting the pH gradient and inhibiting P-gp. MDRC-encapsulated PZ and PTX have different release rates, with PZ released within 12 h and PTX sustained release for 48 h in the plasma. MDRC could increase cell uptake by inhibiting the P-gp overexpressed MCF-7/mdr cells and UV-2237M cells, which are human breast MDR cancer cells and murine fibrosarcoma cells, respectively. MDRC can also increase the cytotoxic efficacy of PTX by increasing intracellular pH. MDRC has a 10.5-fold reduced IC50 value in the P-gp overexpressed human breast adenocarcinoma and a 6.3- to 9.5-fold reduced IC50 value in the P-gp non-expressed human breast adenocarcinoma compared to the mixture of PZ and PTX, respectively. Intravenous injection of MDRC did not cause weight loss, liver dysfunction, or major organ toxicity. MDRC exhibited 80% complete remission of murine fibrosarcoma. The excellent therapeutic effect of MDRC on MDR tumors was accompanied by an increase in dendritic cell maturation and cytotoxic T cells. In other words, MDRC has the potential to terminate MDR therapy through the complete remission of MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taebum Lee
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Stipp MC, Corso CR, Acco A. Impacts of COVID-19 in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanism to the Treatment Approach. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:238-252. [PMID: 35593354 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220421133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already infected more than 272 million people, resulting in 5.3 million deaths worldwide from COVID-19. Breast tumors are considered the world's most commonly diagnosed cancer. Both breast cancer and COVID-19 share common pathogenic features, represented by inflammatory mediators and the potential of SARS-CoV-2 replication in metastatic cancer cells. This may intensify viral load in patients, thereby triggering severe COVID-19 complications. Thus, cancer patients have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a higher rate of complications and death than non-cancer patients. The present review discusses common mechanisms between COVID-19 and breast cancer and the particular susceptibility to COVID-19 in breast cancer patients. We describe the effects of chemotherapeutic agents that are used against this cancer, which should be considered from the perspective of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of developing severe events. We also present potential drug interactions between chemotherapies that are used to treat breast cancer and drugs that are applied for COVID-19. The drugs that are identified as having the most interactions are doxorubicin and azithromycin. Both drugs can interact with each other and with other drugs, which likely requires additional drug monitoring and changes in drug dosage and timing of administration. Further clinical and observational studies involving breast cancer patients who acquire COVID-19 are needed to define the best therapeutic approach when considering the course of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Stipp
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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16
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Mendes AS, Romão R, Febra J, Azevedo SX, Fidalgo P, Araújo A. Chemotherapy: A partnership with immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 14:437-441. [PMID: 36539276 PMCID: PMC9925346 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IO) act synergically in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular basis of such interaction is poorly understood. The aim of this review was to explore the mechanisms of CT to potentiate the immune system and, consequently, the action of IO. The most up-to-date knowledge concerning the interaction of CT and IO in NSCLC was reviewed and a bibliographic search was made in PubMed/Medline database, using the mentioned keywords, with preference given to recently published articles in English. In addition to the direct cytotoxic effect, CT affects the immune system leading indirectly to cell death. The immune response triggered by PD-1 inhibition is enhanced by the cytotoxic immunogenic effects of CT. This potentiation phenomenon occurs due to an increase in effector cells relatively to regulatory cells, inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cells, increased potential for cross-presentation by dendritic cells after the death of tumor cells or blocking the STAT6 pathway to increase dendritic cell activity. In conclusion, the effects of CT on the immune system work in synergy with the actions of IO, transforming "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors, which are more visible to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Mendes
- Medical Oncology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar Universitário do PortoPortugal
| | - Raquel Romão
- Medical Oncology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar Universitário do PortoPortugal
| | - Joana Febra
- Medical Oncology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar Universitário do PortoPortugal
| | | | - Paula Fidalgo
- Medical Oncology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar Universitário do PortoPortugal
| | - António Araújo
- Medical Oncology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar Universitário do PortoPortugal,Oncology Research Unit, UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS ‐ School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto
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17
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Sierra JA, Gilchrist K, Tabares-Guevara JH, Betancur-Galvis L, Ramirez-Pineda JR, González-Cardenete MA. Semisynthetic Abietic and Dehydroabietic Acid Derivatives and Triptoquinone Epimers Interfere with LPS-Triggered Activation of Dendritic Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196684. [PMID: 36235219 PMCID: PMC9571164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abietic acid (AA), dehydroabietic acid (DHA) and triptoquinones (TQs) are bioactive abietane-type diterpenoids, which are present in many edible vegetables and medicinal herbs with health-promoting properties. Evidence suggests that beneficial effects of diterpenes operate, at least in part, through effects on cells in the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a key type of leukocyte involved in the initiation and regulation of the immune/inflammatory response and natural or synthetic compounds that modulate DC functions could be potential anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory agents. Herein, we report the screening of 23 known semisynthetic AA and DHA derivatives, and TQs, synthesized previously by us, in a multi-analyte DC-based assay that detects inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Based on the magnitude of the inhibitory effect observed and the number of cytokines inhibited, a variety of activities among compounds were observed, ranging from inactive/weak to very potent inhibitors. Structurally, either alcohol or methyl ester substituents on ring A along with the introduction of aromaticity and oxidation in ring C in the abietane skeleton were found in compounds with higher inhibitory properties. Two DHA derivatives and two TQs exhibited a significant inhibition in all pro-inflammatory cytokines tested and were further investigated. The results confirmed their ability to inhibit, dose dependently, LPS-stimulated expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and/or CD86 and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNFα. Our results demonstrate that DC maturation process can be targeted by semisynthetic DHA derivatives and TQ epimers and indicate the potential of these compounds as optimizable anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelver A. Sierra
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Katherine Gilchrist
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jorge H. Tabares-Guevara
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Liliana Betancur-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jose R. Ramirez-Pineda
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Correspondence: (J.R.R.-P.); (M.A.G.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. González-Cardenete
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.R.R.-P.); (M.A.G.-C.)
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18
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Zhang H, Ye L, Yu X, Jin K, Wu W. Neoadjuvant therapy alters the immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956984. [PMID: 36225934 PMCID: PMC9548645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an exclusive inhibitory tumor microenvironment characterized by a dense mechanical barrier, profound infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, and a lack of penetration of effector T cells, which constitute an important cause for recurrence and metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and insensitivity to immunotherapy. Neoadjuvant therapy has been widely used in clinical practice due to its many benefits, including the ability to improve the R0 resection rate, eliminate tumor cell micrometastases, and identify highly malignant tumors that may not benefit from surgery. In this review, we summarize multiple aspects of the effect of neoadjuvant therapy on the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, discuss possible mechanisms by which these changes occur, and generalize the theoretical basis of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy, providing support for the development of more effective combination therapeutic strategies to induce potent immune responses to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiding Wu, ; Kaizhou Jin, ; Xianjun Yu,
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiding Wu, ; Kaizhou Jin, ; Xianjun Yu,
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiding Wu, ; Kaizhou Jin, ; Xianjun Yu,
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Zhu Y, Wang A, Zhang S, Kim J, Xia J, Zhang F, Wang D, Wang Q, Wang J. Paclitaxel-loaded ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes for drug-resistant cancer therapy by dual targeting of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00209-0. [PMID: 36167294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherent or acquired resistance to paclitaxel (PTX) is a pivotal challenge for chemotherapy treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer. Although various targeted drug-delivery systems, including nanoparticles and liposomes, are effective for MDR cancer treatment, their efficacy is restricted by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Ginsenosides Rg3 was used to formulate unique Rg3-based liposomes loaded with PTX to establish Rg3-PTX-LPs, which were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The stability of the Rg3-PTX-LPs was evaluated by particle size analysis through dynamic light scattering. The active targeting effect of Rg3-based liposomes was examined in an MCF-7/T xenograft model by an in a vivo imaging system. To evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanism of Rg3-PTX-LP, MTT, apoptosis assays, TAM regulation, and TME remodeling were performed in MCF-7/T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Rg3-PTX-LPs could specifically distribute to MCF7/T cancer cells and TME simultaneously, mainly through the recognition of GLUT-1. The drug resistance reversing capability and in vivo antitumor effect of Rg3-PTX-LPs were significantly improved compared with conventional cholesterol liposomes. The TME remodeling mechanisms of Rg3-PTX-LPs included inhibiting IL-6/STAT3/p-STAT3 pathway activation to repolarize protumor M2 macrophages to antitumor M1 phenotype, suppressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), decreasing tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) and collagen fibers in TME, and promoting apoptosis of tumor cells. Hence, through the dual effects of targeting tumor cells and TME remodeling, Rg3-PTX-LPs achieved a high tumor inhibition rate of 90.3%. CONCLUSION Our multifunctional Rg3-based liposome developed in the present study offered a promising strategy for rescuing the drug resistance tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anni Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Xiamen Ginposome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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Prognostic and Predictive Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184344. [PMID: 36139508 PMCID: PMC9497073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been recognized as clinically relevant prognostic markers for improved survival, providing the immunological basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and showing a significant prognostic and predictive role in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OC). In fact, many OCs show TILs whose typology and degree of infiltration have been shown to be strongly correlated with prognosis and survival. The OC histological subtype with the higher presence of TILs is the high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) followed by the endometrioid subtype, whereas mucinous and clear cell OCs seem to contain a lower percentage of TILs. The abundant presence of TILs in OC suggests an immunogenic potential for this tumor. Despite the high immunogenic potential, OC has been described as a highly immunosuppressive tumor with a high expression of PD1 by TILs. Although further studies are needed to better define their role in prognostic stratification and the therapeutic implication, intraepithelial TILs represent a relevant prognostic factor to take into account in OC. In this review, we will discuss the promising role of TILs as markers which are able to reflect the anticancer immune response, describing their potential capability to predict prognosis and therapy response in OC.
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Zhao S, Tang Y, Wang R, Najafi M. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by paclitaxel: an updated review. Apoptosis 2022; 27:647-667. [PMID: 35849264 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance of cancer cells is a major problem in treating cancer. Knowledge of how cancer cells may die or resist cancer drugs is critical to providing certain strategies to overcome tumour resistance to treatment. Paclitaxel is known as a chemotherapy drug that can suppress the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and induction of mitotic catastrophe. However, today, it is well known that paclitaxel can induce multiple kinds of cell death in cancers. Besides the induction of mitotic catastrophe that occurs during mitosis, paclitaxel has been shown to induce the expression of several pro-apoptosis mediators. It also can modulate the activity of anti-apoptosis mediators. However, certain cell-killing mechanisms such as senescence and autophagy can increase resistance to paclitaxel. This review focuses on the mechanisms of cell death, including apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis, etc., following paclitaxel treatment. In addition, mechanisms of resistance to cell death due to exposure to paclitaxel and the use of combinations to overcome drug resistance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yufei Tang
- College of Medical Technology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- School of Nursing, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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22
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Fu S, Li G, Zang W, Zhou X, Shi K, Zhai Y. Pure drug nano-assemblies: A facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:92-106. [PMID: 35127374 PMCID: PMC8799886 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity. Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies (PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even 100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.
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Key Words
- ABC, accelerated blood clearance
- ACT, adoptive cell transfer
- ATO, atovaquone
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BV, Biliverdin
- Ber, berberine
- CI, combination index
- CPT, camptothecin
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Cancer treatment
- Carrier-free
- Ce6, chlorine e6
- Combination therapy
- DBNP, DOX-Ber nano-assemblies
- DBNP@CM, DBNP were cloaked with 4T1 cell membranes
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DPDNAs, dual pure drug nano-assemblies
- EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor
- EPI, epirubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FRET, Forster Resonance Energy Transfer
- GEF, gefitinib
- HCPT, hydroxycamptothecin
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ICB, immunologic checkpoint blockade
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- ICG, indocyanine green
- ITM, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
- MDS, molecular dynamics simulations
- MPDNAs, multiple pure drug nano-assemblies
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTX, methotrexate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Nano-DDSs, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems
- Nanomedicine
- Nanotechnology
- PAI, photoacoustic imaging
- PD-1, PD receptor 1
- PD-L1, PD receptor 1 ligand
- PDNAs, pure drug nano-assemblies
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PPa, pheophorbide A
- PTT, photothermal therapy
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Poly I:C, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid
- Pure drug
- QSNAP, quantitative structure-nanoparticle assembly prediction
- RBC, red blood cell
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPDNAs, single pure drug nano-assemblies
- Self-assembly
- TA, tannic acid
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TNBC, triple negative breast
- TTZ, trastuzumab
- Top I & II, topoisomerase I & II
- UA, ursolic acid
- YSV, tripeptide tyroservatide
- ZHO, Z-Histidine-Obzl
- dsRNA, double-stranded RNA
- α-PD-L1, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guanting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenli Zang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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23
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Ma LR, Li JX, Tang L, Li RZ, Yang JS, Sun A, Leung ELH, Yan PY. Immune checkpoints and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Novel study progression, challenges and solutions. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:787. [PMID: 34594428 PMCID: PMC8456509 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of the total number of lung cancer cases. In the past two decades, immunotherapy has become a more promising treatment method than traditional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Immunotherapy has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients and to have a superior effect when controlling lung cancer than traditional therapy. However, only a small number of patients can benefit from immunotherapy, and not all patients who qualify experience long-term benefits. In the clinic, the objective response rate of programmed cell death protein 1 treatment without the prior screening of patients is only 15-20%. Immunotherapy is associated with both opportunities and challenges for patients with NSCLC. The current challenges of immunotherapy include the lack of accurate biomarkers, inevitable resistance and insufficient understanding of immune checkpoints. In previous years, several methods for overcoming the challenges posed by immunotherapy have been proposed, but combination therapy is the most suitable choice. A large number of studies have shown that the combination of drugs can significantly improve their efficacy, compared with monotherapy, and that some therapeutic combinations have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NSCLC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a traditional medical practice in China that can play an important role in immunotherapy. Most agents used in TCM originate from plants, and have the advantages of low toxicity and multiple targets. In addition, TCM includes a unique class of drugs that can improve autoimmunity. Therefore, TCM may be a promising treatment method for all types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Rui Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Ling Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Run-Ze Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Shun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China.,Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
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Single-cell adhesion strength and contact density drops in the M phase of cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18500. [PMID: 34531409 PMCID: PMC8445979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The high throughput, cost effective and sensitive quantification of cell adhesion strength at the single-cell level is still a challenging task. The adhesion force between tissue cells and their environment is crucial in all multicellular organisms. Integrins transmit force between the intracellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. This force is not only a mechanical interaction but a way of signal transduction as well. For instance, adhesion-dependent cells switch to an apoptotic mode in the lack of adhesion forces. Adhesion of tumor cells is a potential therapeutic target, as it is actively modulated during tissue invasion and cell release to the bloodstream resulting in metastasis. We investigated the integrin-mediated adhesion between cancer cells and their RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif displaying biomimetic substratum using the HeLa cell line transfected by the Fucci fluorescent cell cycle reporter construct. We employed a computer-controlled micropipette and a high spatial resolution label-free resonant waveguide grating-based optical sensor calibrated to adhesion force and energy at the single-cell level. We found that the overall adhesion strength of single cancer cells is approximately constant in all phases except the mitotic (M) phase with a significantly lower adhesion. Single-cell evanescent field based biosensor measurements revealed that at the mitotic phase the cell material mass per unit area inside the cell-substratum contact zone is significantly less, too. Importantly, the weaker mitotic adhesion is not simply a direct consequence of the measured smaller contact area. Our results highlight these differences in the mitotic reticular adhesions and confirm that cell adhesion is a promising target of selective cancer drugs as the vast majority of normal, differentiated tissue cells do not enter the M phase and do not divide.
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25
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Esperança-Martins M, Gonçalves L, Soares-Pinho I, Gomes A, Serrano M, Blankenhaus B, Figueiredo-Campos P, Catarina-Marques A, Castro-Barbosa A, Cardoso A, Antunes-Meireles P, Atalaia-Barbacena H, Gaspar P, Howell-Monteiro P, Pais-de-Lacerda A, Mota C, Veldhoen M. Humoral Immune Response of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients with Cancer: Influencing Factors and Mechanisms. Oncologist 2021; 26:e1619-e1632. [PMID: 34018280 PMCID: PMC8242329 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)–infected patients with cancer show worse outcomes compared with patients without cancer. The humoral immune response (HIR) of patients with cancer against SARS‐CoV‐2 is not well characterized. To better understand it, we conducted a serological study of hospitalized patients with cancer infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Materials and Methods This was a unicentric, retrospective study enrolling adult patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 admitted to a central hospital from March 15 to June 17, 2020, whose serum samples were quantified for anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain or spike protein IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies. The aims of the study were to assess the HIR to SARS‐CoV‐2; correlate it with different cancer types, stages, and treatments; clarify the interplay between the HIR and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer; and compare the HIR of SARS‐CoV‐2–infected patients with and without cancer. Results We included 72 SARS‐CoV‐2–positive subjects (19 with cancer, 53 controls). About 90% of controls revealed a robust serological response. Among patients with cancer, a strong response was verified in 57.9%, with 42.1% showing a persistently weak response. Treatment with chemotherapy within 14 days before positivity was the only factor statistically shown to be associated with persistently weak serological responses among patients with cancer. No significant differences in outcomes were observed between patients with strong and weak responses. All IgG, IgM, IgA, and total Ig antibody titers were significantly lower in patients with cancer compared with those without. Conclusion A significant portion of patients with cancer develop a proper HIR. Recent chemotherapy treatment may be associated with weak serological responses among patients with cancer. Patients with cancer have a weaker SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response compared with those without cancer. Implications for Practice These results place the spotlight on patients with cancer, particularly those actively treated with chemotherapy. These patients may potentially be more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, so it is important to provide oncologists further theoretical support (with concrete examples and respective mechanistic correlations) for the decision of starting, maintaining, or stopping antineoplastic treatments (particularly chemotherapy) not only on noninfected but also on infected patients with cancer in accordance with cancer type, stage and prognosis, treatment agents, treatment setting, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection risks. To better understand the anti‐viral immune response in the context of cancer, this serological study of hospitalized cancer patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Esperança-Martins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Vascular Biology & Cancer Microenvironment Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Translational Oncobiology Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lisa Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares-Pinho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes
- Immune Regulation Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Serrano
- Immune Regulation Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Immune Regulation Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo-Campos
- Immune Regulation Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina-Marques
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Castro-Barbosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cardoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antunes-Meireles
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique Atalaia-Barbacena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gaspar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Howell-Monteiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Pais-de-Lacerda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Human Immunodeficiency & Immune Reconstitution Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Immune Regulation Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Chen Y, Ma H, Wang W, Zhang M. A size-tunable nanoplatform: enhanced MMP2-activated chemo-photodynamic immunotherapy based on biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:917-929. [PMID: 33284292 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy is emerging as a revolutionary strategy for cancer therapy, its clinical effect is severely impaired by adaptive immune evasion and inefficient activation of antitumor immune response. Photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy have been shown to efficiently enhance the therapeutic effect of PD-L1 immunotherapy via different mechanisms. However, the lack of a precise drug delivery system seriously impedes the clinical application of combination therapy. To address these restrictions, a matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2)-activated shrinkable nanosystem was developed to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPDL1) delivered along with a chemo-photodynamic therapy. The nanosystem maintains its structure to accelerate tumor accumulation and shrinks down to a smaller size to facilitate tumor penetration and cellular uptake upon arriving in the tumor microenvironment. The exposure of aPDL1 on the surface of the biodegradable mesoporous silica cores (bMSNs) blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction between tumor cells and T cells. Meanwhile, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and paclitaxel (PTX) loaded bMSNs effectively enter tumor cells and induce chemo-photodynamic therapy. The nanosystem elicits a chemo-photodynamic-induced immune response and improves the therapeutic effect of PD-L1 blockade mediated by aPDL1. Furthermore, the nanosystem displays a sustained prohibitive effect on tumor metastasis to distant sites. Our work presents a promising strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - He Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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27
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Mollaei M, Hassan ZM, Khorshidi F, Langroudi L. Chemotherapeutic drugs: Cell death- and resistance-related signaling pathways. Are they really as smart as the tumor cells? Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101056. [PMID: 33684837 PMCID: PMC7938256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells or control their progression all over the patient's body, while radiation- and surgery-based treatments perform in a particular site. Based on their mechanisms of action, they are classified into different groups, including alkylating substrates, antimetabolite agents, anti-tumor antibiotics, inhibitors of topoisomerase I and II, mitotic inhibitors, and finally, corticosteroids. Although chemotherapeutic drugs have brought about more life expectancy, two major and severe complications during chemotherapy are chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, we aimed to review the underlying intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell death and resistance in different chemotherapeutic drug families to clarify the shortcomings in the conventional single chemotherapy applications. Moreover, we have summarized the current combination chemotherapy applications, including numerous combined-, and encapsulated-combined-chemotherapeutic drugs. We further discussed the possibilities and applications of precision medicine, machine learning, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in promoting cancer immunotherapies. Finally, some of the recent clinical trials concerning the application of immunotherapies and combination chemotherapies were included as well, in order to provide a practical perspective toward the future of therapies in cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Langroudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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28
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How Macrophages Become Transcriptionally Dysregulated: A Hidden Impact of Antitumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052662. [PMID: 33800829 PMCID: PMC7961970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the essential components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs originate from blood monocytes and undergo pro- or anti-inflammatory polarization during their life span within the tumor. The balance between macrophage functional populations and the efficacy of their antitumor activities rely on the transcription factors such as STAT1, NF-κB, IRF, and others. These molecular tools are of primary importance, as they contribute to the tumor adaptations and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and can become important biomarkers for theranostics. Herein, we describe the major transcriptional mechanisms specific for TAM, as well as how radio- and chemotherapy can impact gene transcription and functionality of macrophages, and what are the consequences of the TAM-tumor cooperation.
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29
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Li Y, Yin C, Liu B, Nie H, Wang J, Zeng D, Chen R, He X, Fang J, Du J, Liang Y, Jiang Y, Fang J, Liu B. Transcriptome profiling of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in spinal cord of a rat model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy identifies potential mechanisms mediating neuroinflammation and pain. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:48. [PMID: 33602238 PMCID: PMC7890637 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel is a widely prescribed chemotherapy drug for treating solid tumors. However, paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common adverse effect during paclitaxel treatment, which results in sensory abnormalities and neuropathic pain among patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying PIPN still remain poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel and promising targets for chronic pain treatment, but their involvement in PIPN still remains unexplored. Methods We established a rat PIPN model by repetitive paclitaxel application. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to study glia cell activation and explore lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) of PIPN model rats. qPCR and protein assay were used for further validation. Results PIPN model rats developed long-lasting mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities in hind paws, accompanied with astrocyte and microglia activation in SCDH. RNA-Seq identified a total of 814 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNA) (including 467 upregulated and 347 downregulated) and 412 DElncRNAs (including 145 upregulated and 267 downregulated) in SCDH of PIPN model rats vs. control rats. Functional analysis of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs identified that the most significantly enriched pathways include immune/inflammatory responses and neurotrophin signaling pathways, which are all important mechanisms mediating neuroinflammation, central sensitization, and chronic pain. We further compared our dataset with other published datasets of neuropathic pain and identified a core set of immune response-related genes extensively involved in PIPN and other neuropathic pain conditions. Lastly, a competing RNA network analysis of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs was performed to identify potential regulatory networks of lncRNAs on mRNA through miRNA sponging. Conclusions Our study provided the transcriptome profiling of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs and uncovered immune and inflammatory responses were predominant biological events in SCDH of the rat PIPN model. Thus, our study may help to identify promising genes or signaling pathways for PIPN therapeutics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02098-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengyu Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huimin Nie
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danyi Zeng
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofen He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junfan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Fumagalli G, Monza L, Cavaletti G, Rigolio R, Meregalli C. Neuroinflammatory Process Involved in Different Preclinical Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:626687. [PMID: 33613570 PMCID: PMC7890072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are characterized by nerves damage and axonal loss, and they could be classified in hereditary or acquired forms. Acquired peripheral neuropathies are associated with several causes, including toxic agent exposure, among which the antineoplastic compounds are responsible for the so called Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). Several clinical features are related to the use of anticancer drugs which exert their action by affecting different mechanisms and structures of the peripheral nervous system: the axons (axonopathy) or the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons cell body (neuronopathy/ganglionopathy). In addition, antineoplastic treatments may affect the blood brain barrier integrity, leading to cognitive impairment that may be severe and long-lasting. CIPN may affect patient quality of life leading to modification or discontinuation of the anticancer therapy. Although the mechanisms of the damage are not completely understood, several hypotheses have been proposed, among which neuroinflammation is now emerging to be relevant in CIPN pathophysiology. In this review, we consider different aspects of neuro-immune interactions in several CIPN preclinical studies which suggest a critical connection between chemotherapeutic agents and neurotoxicity. The features of the neuroinflammatory processes may be different depending on the type of drug (platinum derivatives, taxanes, vinca alkaloids and proteasome inhibitors). In particular, recent studies have demonstrated an involvement of the immune response (both innate and adaptive) and the stimulation and secretion of mediators (cytokines and chemokines) that may be responsible for the painful symptoms, whereas glial cells such as satellite and Schwann cells might contribute to the maintenance of the neuroinflammatory process in DRG and axons respectively. Moreover, neuroinflammatory components have also been shown in the spinal cord with microglia and astrocytes playing an important role in CIPN development. Taking together, better understanding of these aspects would permit the development of possible strategies in order to improve the management of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolio
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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31
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Zhu Y, Liang J, Gao C, Wang A, Xia J, Hong C, Zhong Z, Zuo Z, Kim J, Ren H, Li S, Wang Q, Zhang F, Wang J. Multifunctional ginsenoside Rg3-based liposomes for glioma targeting therapy. J Control Release 2021; 330:641-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Accogli T, Bruchard M, Végran F. Modulation of CD4 T Cell Response According to Tumor Cytokine Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030373. [PMID: 33498483 PMCID: PMC7864169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of knowledge on tumor biology over the past decades has demonstrated a close link between tumor cells and cells of the immune system. In this context, cytokines have a major role because they act as intermediaries in the communication into the tumor bed. Cytokines play an important role in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, they participate in the differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes. These cells play essential functions in the anti-tumor immune response but can also be corrupted by tumors. The differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells depends on the cytokine environment in which they are activated. Additionally, at the tumor site, their activity can also be modulated according to the cytokines of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, polarized CD4 T lymphocytes can see their phenotype evolve, demonstrating functional plasticity. Knowledge of the impact of these cytokines on the functions of CD4 T cells is currently a source of innovation, for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we discuss the impact of the major cytokines present in tumors on CD4 T cells. In addition, we summarize the main therapeutic strategies that can modulate the CD4 response through their impact on cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Accogli
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie Bruchard
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Kang YK, Si YR, An GY, Yuan P. Efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide in anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Gland Surg 2021; 10:252-261. [PMID: 33633981 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of anthracycline plus taxane (AT)-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with or without cyclophosphamide in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled studies comparing the efficacy and safety of AT-based NAC with or without cyclophosphamide in breast cancer patients. Results Four eligible studies with 2,302 individuals were ultimately included in the quantitative analysis. After applying the AT-based NAC regimen, the overall rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) and breast conserving surgery in all included subjects were 26.5% and 70.6%, respectively. The rates of pCR [risk ratio (RR): 1.35; 95% CI: 0.75, 2.45; P=0.32], breast-conserving surgery (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.19; P=0.17) and clinical response (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.19; P=0.15) in patients in the cyclophosphamide group were similar to those in the control group. However, participants in the cyclophosphamide group had a lower no clinical response rate than those in the control group (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.87; P<0.001). Subjects in the cyclophosphamide group had significantly lower rates of infection (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.79; P<0.001) and diarrhea (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.68; P<0.001) and higher rates of thrombocytopenia (RR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.96, 5.84; P<0.001), sensory/motor neuropathy (RR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.39; P=0.03) and nausea/vomiting (RR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.06; P=0.009) than those in the control group. Conclusions The AT-based NAC regimen with or without cyclophosphamide had similar clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. The addition of cyclophosphamide might increase the risks of thrombocytopenia, sensory/motor neuropathy and nausea/vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kun Kang
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ran Si
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Local administration of submicron particle paclitaxel to solid carcinomas induces direct cytotoxicity and immune-mediated tumoricidal effects without local or systemic toxicity: preclinical and clinical studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1806-1817. [PMID: 33159289 PMCID: PMC8421313 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes local administration of submicron particle paclitaxel (SPP) (NanoPac®: ~ 800-nm-sized particles with high relative surface area with each particle containing ~ 2 billion molecules of paclitaxel) in preclinical models and clinical trials evaluating treatment of carcinomas. Paclitaxel is active in the treatment of epithelial solid tumors including ovarian, peritoneal, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer. SPP has been delivered directly to solid tumors, where the particles are retained and continuously release the drug, exposing primary tumors to high, therapeutic levels of paclitaxel for several weeks. As a result, tumor cell death shifts from primarily apoptosis to both apoptosis and necroptosis. Direct local tumoricidal effects of paclitaxel, as well as stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, contribute to antineoplastic effects. Local administration of SPP may facilitate tumor response to systemically administered chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy without contributing to systemic toxicity. Results of preclinical and clinical investigations described here suggest that local administration of SPP achieves clinical benefit with negligible toxicity and may complement standard treatments for metastatic disease.
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Radosa JC, Stotz L, Müller C, Kaya AC, Solomayer EF, Radosa MP. Clinical Data on Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 15:450-469. [PMID: 33223989 PMCID: PMC7650095 DOI: 10.1159/000511788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer has traditionally been considered to have a low immunogenic potential compared to other tumor entities. SUMMARY The most extensively studied immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer to date are immune checkpoint inhibitors, with the results of the IMpassion130 trial leading to the approval of atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel for first-line treatment of programmed cell death ligand 1-positive, metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer, and studies in earlier stages have yielded promising results. Other immunotherapeutic options being assessed in phases 2 and 3 trials include vaccine-based therapies and treatment with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (H-directed immune-linked antibodies) and substances evaluated in early clinical trials as cellular therapies (adoptive cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cells). KEY MESSAGES Immunotherapy is an emerging modality for the treatment of breast cancer, as evidenced by the plethora of preclinical and clinical concepts and ongoing trials. Early studies established the role of immunotherapeutic agents in the metastatic setting. Ongoing studies will expand our knowledge about the timing of administration, best partners for combination therapy, and predictive biomarkers to guide immunotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Caroline Radosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Stotz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Askin Canguel Kaya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Philipp Radosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Bremen-Nord, Bremen, Germany
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Srivastava V, Akshay BR, Kumari S, Meena RN, Khanna R. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) in patients of carcinoma breast: A prospective study in Indian tertiary care setting. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4086-4091. [PMID: 33110814 PMCID: PMC7586517 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_493_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Several studies have reported that PD-L1 has shown therapeutic activity in various tumor types. However, its expression changes in a person on administration of NAC which is reported by very few studies. Aims: To find out the difference in the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells after the administration of NAC. Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) between 2017 and 2019 and those who received NAC followed by surgery. Methods and Material: Breast cancer specimens were collected using core needle biopsy prior to administration of NAC and IHC was performed. Frequency and staining intensity of PD-L1 by tumor cells were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was dichotomized into two groups according to the frequency distributions of the H-scores. Statistical Analysis Used: The differences in expression of PD-L1 along with various parameters were analyzed using Chi-square test and Student's t test. Results: The mean age of the patients in our study was 51.37 ± 11.37 years. The response of NAC according to the RECIST criteria showed that most of patients (83.3%) showed complete response. Of the 30 cases, 11 (36.7%) patients were PD-L1 positive before the administration of NAC. We found a significant change in expression from positive to negative status, i.e., seven patients changed from positive to negative (p = 0.036). Upon comparing the PD-L1 expression before NAC, significant association was observed between the primary tumor (T) and tumor stage with high PD-L1 expression (p = 0.020 and P = 0.034). After NAC, 18 (69.2%) patients who were ER positive and 18 (69.2%) patients who were PR positive showed negative PD-L1 expression while none of them were positive in PD-L1 positive patients (p = 0.018 and P = 0.018). Conclusion: PD-L1 expression in a same person changes upon administration of NAC which may indirectly be used as a predictor of response to NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Srivastava
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B R Akshay
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sweety Kumari
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Khanna
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Malfitano AM, Pisanti S, Napolitano F, Di Somma S, Martinelli R, Portella G. Tumor-Associated Macrophage Status in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071987. [PMID: 32708142 PMCID: PMC7409350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant innate immune cells in tumors. TAMs, exhibiting anti-inflammatory phenotype, are key players in cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. A high TAM infiltration is generally associated with poor prognosis, but macrophages are highly plastic cells that can adopt either proinflammatory/antitumor or anti-inflammatory/protumor features in response to tumor microenvironment stimuli. In the context of cancer therapy, many anticancer therapeutics, apart from their direct effect on tumor cells, display different effects on TAM activation status and density. In this review, we aim to evaluate the indirect effects of anticancer therapies in the modulation of TAM phenotypes and pro/antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3056 (G.P.)
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Sarah Di Somma
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3056 (G.P.)
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Yang Q, Shi G, Chen X, Lin Y, Cheng L, Jiang Q, Yan X, Jiang M, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Su X, Dai L, Tang M, Li J, Zhang L, Qian Z, Yu D, Deng H. Nanomicelle protects the immune activation effects of Paclitaxel and sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:8382-8399. [PMID: 32724476 PMCID: PMC7381738 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) has shown pleiotropic immunologic effects on the tumor microenvironment, and nanomicelle has emerged as a promising strategy for PTX delivery. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Meanwhile, immunogenic cell death (ICD) is an effective approach to activate the immune system. This study investigated the ICD effect of PTX and how nanomicelle affected the immune-activation ability of PTX. Methods: The ICD effects of PTX were identified via the expression of ICD markers and cell vaccine experiment. Tumor size and overall survival in multiple animal models with treatment were monitored to evaluate the antitumor effects. The mechanisms of PTX-induced ICD and antitumor immunity were determined by detecting gene expression related to ER stress and analyzing immune cell profile in tumor after treatment. Results: We revealed the immune-regulation mechanism of PTX nanomicelle by inducing ICD, which can promote antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and activate antitumor immunity. Notably, nanomicelle encapsulation protected the ICD effects and immune activation, which were hampered by immune system impairment caused by chemotherapy. Compared with traditional formulations, a low dose of nanomicelle-encapsulated PTX (nano-PTX) treatment induced immune-dependent tumor control, which increased the infiltration and function of both T cells and DCs within tumors. However, this antitumor immunity was hampered by highly expressed PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and upregulated PD-L1 on both immune cells and tumor cells after nano-PTX treatment. Combination therapy with a low dose of nano-PTX and PD-1 antibodies elicited CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor immunity and remarkably improved the therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: Our results provide systemic insights into the immune-regulation ability of PTX to induce ICD, which acts as an inducer of endogenous vaccines through ICD effects, and also provides an experimental basis for clinical combination therapy with nano-PTX and PD-1 antibodies.
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El-Sayed AS, El-Sayed MT, Rady AM, Zein N, Enan G, Shindia A, El-Hefnawy S, Sitohy M, Sitohy B. Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E3000. [PMID: 32630044 PMCID: PMC7412027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been considered as a repertoire for bioactive secondary metabolites with potential application in medicine, agriculture and food industry. The biosynthetic pathways by fungal endophytes raise the argument of acquisition of these machineries of such complex metabolites from the plant host. Diterpenoids "Taxol" is the most effective anticancer drug with highest annual sale, since its discovery in 1970 from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. However, the lower yield of Taxol from this natural source (bark of T. brevifolia), availability and vulnerability of this plant to unpredicted fluctuation with the ecological and environmental conditions are the challenges. Endophytic fungi from Taxus spp. opened a new avenue for industrial Taxol production due to their fast growth, cost effectiveness, independence on climatic changes, feasibility of genetic manipulation. However, the anticipation of endophytic fungi for industrial Taxol production has been challenged by the loss of its productivity, due to the metabolic reprograming of cells, downregulating the expression of its encoding genes with subculturing and storage. Thus, the objectives of this review were to (1) Nominate the endophytic fungal isolates with the Taxol producing potency from Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae; (2) Emphasize the different approaches such as molecular manipulation, cultural optimization, co-cultivation for enhancing the Taxol productivities; (3) Accentuate the genome mining of the rate-limiting enzymes for rapid screening the Taxol biosynthetic machinery; (4) Triggering the silenced rate-limiting genes and transcriptional factors to activates the biosynthetic gene cluster of Taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S.A. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Manal T. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Amgad M. Rady
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo 12566, Egypt;
| | - Nabila Zein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Gamal Enan
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Shindia
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Sara El-Hefnawy
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Li M, Yin L, Wu L, Zhu Y, Wang X. Paclitaxel inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis through regulation ROS and endoplasmic reticulum stress in osteosarcoma cell. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Esteva FJ, Hubbard-Lucey VM, Tang J, Pusztai L. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy combinations in metastatic breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2020; 20:e175-e186. [PMID: 30842061 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a new treatment modality in breast cancer. After long-standing use of endocrine therapy and targeted biological therapy, improved understanding of immune evasion by cancer cells and the discovery of selective immune checkpoint inhibitors have created novel opportunities for treatment. Single-drug therapies with monoclonal antibodies against programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have shown little efficacy in patients with metastatic breast cancer, in part because of the low number of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in most breast cancers. There is growing interest in the development of combinations of immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies for metastatic breast cancer. In this Personal View, we review the available data and ongoing efforts to establish the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches in combination with HER2-targeted therapy, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, angiogenesis inhibitors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Esteva
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Jun Tang
- Anna-Maria Kellen Clinical Accelerator, Cancer Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wesolowski R, Stiff A, Quiroga D, McQuinn C, Li Z, Nitta H, Savardekar H, Benner B, Ramaswamy B, Lustberg M, Layman RM, Macrae E, Kassem M, Williams N, Sardesai S, VanDeusen J, Stover D, Cherian M, Mace TA, Yu L, Duggan M, Carson WE. Exploratory analysis of immune checkpoint receptor expression by circulating T cells and tumor specimens in patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:445. [PMID: 32429929 PMCID: PMC7236344 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While combinations of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have begun testing in patients with breast cancer (BC), the effects of chemotherapy on ICP expression in circulating T cells and within the tumor microenvironment are still unclear. This information could help with the design of future clinical trials by permitting the selection of the most appropriate ICP inhibitors for incorporation into NAC. METHODS Peripheral blood samples and/or tumor specimens before and after NAC were obtained from 24 women with operable BC. The expression of CTLA4, PD-1, Lag3, OX40, and Tim3 on circulating T lymphocytes before and at the end of NAC were measured using flow cytometry. Furthermore, using multi-color immunohistochemistry (IHC), the expression of immune checkpoint molecules by stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD8+ T cells, and tumor cells was determined before and after NAC. Differences in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing various checkpoint receptors were determined by a paired Student's t-test. RESULTS This analysis showed decreased ICP expression by circulating CD4+ T cells after NAC, including significant decreases in CTLA4, Lag3, OX40, and PD-1 (all p values < 0.01). In comparison, circulating CD8+ T cells showed a significant increase in CTLA4, Lag3, and OX40 (all p values < 0.01). Within tumor samples, TILs, CD8+ T cells, and PD-L1/PD-1 expression decreased after NAC. Additionally, fewer tumor specimens were considered to be PD-L1/PD-1 positive post-NAC as compared to pre-NAC biopsy samples using a cutoff of 1% expression. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed that NAC treatment can substantially downregulate CD4+ and upregulate CD8+ T cell ICP expression as well as deplete the amount of TILs and CD8+ T cells found in breast tumor samples. These findings provide a starting point to study the biological significance of these changes in BC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04022616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wesolowski
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1800 Cannon Drive, 1250 Lincoln Tower, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Andrew Stiff
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dionisia Quiroga
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher McQuinn
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 410 W 10th Ave, N911 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 410 W 10th Ave, N337B Doan Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hiroaki Nitta
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E. Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85744, USA
| | - Himanshu Savardekar
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brooke Benner
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rachel M Layman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erin Macrae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kassem
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey VanDeusen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Stover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Starling Loving Hall, 320 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas A Mace
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Rd, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA
| | - Megan Duggan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William E Carson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 410 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 410 W 10th Ave, N911 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Sequencing Ipilimumab Immunotherapy Before or After Chemotherapy (Nab-Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab) for the Treatment of BRAFwt (BRAF Wild-Type) Metastatic Malignant Melanoma: Results of a Study of Academic and Community Cancer Research United (ACCRU) RU261206I. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 43:115-121. [PMID: 31809326 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the introduction of novel immune therapeutics for the treatment of disseminated malignancies, we sought to evaluate whether deliberate sequencing of immunotherapy before/after conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy would have an impact on clinical outcomes in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. We sought to evaluate whether or not ipilimumab immunotherapy administered before or after cytotoxic chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel+bevacizumab, AB) would impact clinical outcomes. METHODS We conducted a randomized phase 2 clinical trial of patients with BRAF wild-type metastatic melanoma (up to 2 prior therapies) who received either: (A) AB followed by ipilimumab therapy at progression; or (B) ipilimumab followed by AB treatment at progression. The primary goal of the study was a comparison of AB versus ipilimumab progression-free survival, with secondary clinical and laboratory endpoints. RESULTS This study did not reach full accrual due to concurrent Food and Drug Administration approval of anti-programmed cell death 1 agents. Nevertheless, the available data suggests a cumulative therapeutic advantage to the sequential use of ipilimumab followed by AB. Correlative laboratory data revealed a favorable effect on systemic immune homeostasis in patients receiving AB therapy, of potential interest in further investigations, especially in the context of chemotherapy/immunotherapy combinations. CONCLUSION Albeit limited in scope, our data suggest that cytotoxic therapy with nab-paclitaxel and bevacizumab appear to favorably alter systemic parameters of immune function of potential benefit in combination T-cell directed immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Kim J, Sestito LF, Im S, Kim WJ, Thomas SN. Poly(cyclodextrin)-Polydrug Nanocomplexes as Synthetic Oncolytic Virus for Locoregional Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1908788. [PMID: 33071710 PMCID: PMC7566879 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the approval of oncolytic virus therapy for advanced melanoma, its intrinsic limitations that include the risk of persistent viral infection and cost-intensive manufacturing motivate the development of analogous approaches that are free from the disadvantages of virus-based therapies. Herein, we report a nanoassembly comprised of multivalent host-guest interactions between polymerized paclitaxel (pPTX) and nitric oxide incorporated polymerized β-cyclodextrin (pCD-pSNO) that through its bioactive components and when used locoregionally recapitulates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic virus. The resultant pPTX/pCD-pSNO exhibits significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell activation and T cell expansion in vitro compared to free agents alone or in combination. In vivo, intratumoral administration of pPTX/pCD-pSNO results in activation and expansion of dendritic cells systemically, but with a corresponding expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppression of CD8+ T cell expansion. When combined with antibody targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 that blunts this molecule's signaling effects on T cells, intratumoral pPTX/pCD-pSNO treatment elicits potent anticancer effects that significantly prolong animal survival. This formulation thus leverages the chemo- and immunotherapeutic synergies of paclitaxel and nitric oxide and suggests the potential for virus-free nanoformulations to mimic the therapeutic action and benefits of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Tu K, Deng H, Kong L, Wang Y, Yang T, Hu Q, Hu M, Yang C, Zhang Z. Reshaping Tumor Immune Microenvironment through Acidity-Responsive Nanoparticles Featured with CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Attenuation and Chemotherapeutics-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16018-16030. [PMID: 32192326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blocking immune checkpoints with monoclonal antibody has been verified to achieve potential clinical successes for cancer immunotherapy. However, its application has been impeded by the "cold" tumor microenvironment. Here, weak acidity-responsive nanoparticles co-loaded with CRISPR/Cas9 and paclitaxel (PTX) with the ability to convert "cold" tumor into "hot" tumor are reported. The nanoparticles exhibited high cargo packaging capacity, superior transfection efficiency, well biocompatibility, and effective tumor accumulation. The CRISPR/Cas9 encapsulated in nanoparticles could specifically knock out cyclin-dependent kinase 5 gene to significantly attenuate the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 on tumor cells. More importantly, PTX co-delivered in nanoparticles could significantly induce immunogenic cell death, reduce regulatory T lymphocytes, repolarize tumor-associated macrophages, and enhance antitumor immunity. Therefore, the nanoparticles could effectively convert cold tumor into hot tumor, achieve effective tumor growth inhibition, and prolong overall survival from 16 to 36 days. This research provided a referable strategy for the development of combinatorial immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhang M, Elango J, Guo X, Fan H, Cui M, Wang M, Liu K. Fe 3+-Coordinated Multifunctional Elastic Nanoplatform for Effective in Vivo Gene Transfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3453-3464. [PMID: 31895537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The common phenomenon that the nonviral vectors have much lower transfection efficiency in vivo than in vitro greatly restricts their further developments and applications. Possible reasons are lacking targeting ability, elimination by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and insufficient nuclear transport. Here, a novel, flexible, and deformable polymer Fe@PEI-R12 (tLyp-1-NLS) is reported for shortening the gap between in vitro and in vivo gene transfection efficiency. The amorphous network structure Fe@PEI with deformation ability acquired by coordination cross-linking of Fe3+ and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (LMW-PEI) constructs the core and serves as the gene reservoir, and it can squeeze out through RES filter holes when trapped in the spleen. The bifunctional peptide R12 provided tumor targeting and enhanced nuclear delivery ability. Additionally, the Fe3+ from Fe@PEI-R12 could trigger endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition to produce O2, thereby reducing the adverse effects of tumor hypoxia. It is demonstrated that the Fe@PEI-R12/pDNA complexes could pass through membrane filters, subsequently achieving long circulation time, and Fe@PEI-R12 had a tendency to accumulate in tumor tissue and mediate pGL3-control expression. Therefore, the multifunctional nanoplatform has the potential for effective in vivo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- College of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Xinli Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Hua Fan
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin , Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin 13353 , Germany
| | - Mingxiao Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Kehai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
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Hou L, Yan Y, Tian C, Huang Q, Fu X, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Single-dose in situ storage for intensifying anticancer efficacy via combinatorial strategy. J Control Release 2020; 319:438-449. [PMID: 31926191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic cancer chemotherapy has displayed the potential to ameliorate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitate antitumor immunotherapy, but this strategy requires uninterrupted administration of low-dose chemotherapeutic agents and suffers from rapid drug clearance. Here, we developed a single-dose in situ immune stimulator storage to achieve prolonged retention and sustained release of drugs in tumor parenchyma. Importantly, this storage could initiate immune responses through photothermal therapy (PTT) and simultaneously remodel TME. In detail, the storage framework (NGOPC) with size of ~60 nm, was composed of Ala-Ala-Asn-Cys-Lys modified nano graphene oxide (NGO-PEG-pep) and 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole modified NGO (NGO-PEG-CABT), and could sufficiently penetrate into deep tumor region. Once NGOPC arrived at the core field, legumain overexpressing in TME could trigger click cycloaddition reaction of NGO-PEG-pep with NGO-PEG-CABT to form network, leading to aggregation and augmented retention in tumor. Additionally, paclitaxel (PTX) that can block immunologic escape was loaded in NGOPC (NGOPC@PTX), which synergistically worked with PTT-generated antitumor immunity. We found that NGOPC@PTX possessed the superior ability to accumulate in tumor and generate antitumor immunological efficacy by improving immune factors: induction of HSP70-mediated immunogenic cell death, reduction of regulatory T cells, and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte. This in situ storage, which exhibited excellent tumor growth inhibition effect and prolonged lifespan in combination with PTT, displays the potential for intensified cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yingshan Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Chunyu Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Qianxiao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangjing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Scott E, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. Tumour associated glycans: A route to boost immunotherapy? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:167-173. [PMID: 31870793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the development of immunotherapies for cancer treatment offer significant promise across several cancers, still only a small subset of patients respond to immune based monotherapies. As such, attention has turned to the development of combination therapies. These use conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy to sensitise tumours to immunotherapy. Here, we summarise key research, highlighting the exciting potential of tumour associated glycans as therapeutic targets to sensitise tumours to immunotherapy. When cells undergo carcinogenesis they reprogram their glyco-code. Several cancer associated glycans have been identified, and therapies targeting them are under development. Proteins containing carbohydrate binding domains (lectins) are expressed by many immune cell subtypes, and upon glycan binding, transduce immune modulatory signals that regulate the tumour immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Abu Samaan TM, Samec M, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Paclitaxel's Mechanistic and Clinical Effects on Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120789. [PMID: 31783552 PMCID: PMC6995578 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX), the most widely used anticancer drug, is applied for the treatment of various types of malignant diseases. Mechanisms of PTX action represent several ways in which PTX affects cellular processes resulting in programmed cell death. PTX is frequently used as the first-line treatment drug in breast cancer (BC). Unfortunately, the resistance of BC to PTX treatment is a great obstacle in clinical applications and one of the major causes of death associated with treatment failure. Factors contributing to PTX resistance, such as ABC transporters, microRNAs (miRNAs), or mutations in certain genes, along with side effects of PTX including peripheral neuropathy or hypersensitivity associated with the vehicle used to overcome its poor solubility, are responsible for intensive research concerning the use of PTX in preclinical and clinical studies. Novelties such as albumin-bound PTX (nab-PTX) demonstrate a progressive approach leading to higher efficiency and decreased risk of side effects after drug administration. Moreover, PTX nanoparticles for targeted treatment of BC promise a stable and efficient therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize current research focused on PTX, its evaluations in preclinical research and application clinical practice as well as the perspective of the drug for future implication in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala M. Abu Samaan
- Department of Pre-Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: (T.M.A.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +974-4492-8334 (D.B.); Fax: +974-4492-8333 (D.B.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: (T.M.A.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +974-4492-8334 (D.B.); Fax: +974-4492-8333 (D.B.)
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Xu J, Ren X, Guo T, Sun X, Chen X, Patterson LH, Li H, Zhang J. NLG919/cyclodextrin complexation and anti-cancer therapeutic benefit as a potential immunotherapy in combination with paclitaxel. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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