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Li W, Li G, Xu W, Li Z, Qu H, Ma C, Zhang H, Cai M, Bahojb Noruzi E, Quan J, Periyasami G, Li H. Visible Light-Gating Responsive Nanochannel for Controlled Release of the Fungicide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401503. [PMID: 38705860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fungicides have been widely used to protect crops from the disease of pythium aphanidermatum (PA). However, excessive use of synthetic fungicides can lead to fungal pathogens developing microbicide resistance. Recently, biomimetic nano-delivery systems have been used for controlled release, reducing the overuse of fungicides, and thereby protecting the environment. In this paper, inspired by chloroplast membranes, visible light biomimetic channels are constructed by using retinal, the main component of green pigment on chloroplasts in plants, which can achieve the precise controlled release of the model fungicide methylene blue (MB). The experimental results show that the biomimetic channels have good circularity after and before light conditions. In addition, it is also found that the release of MB in visible light by the retinal-modified channels is 8.78 µmol·m-2·h-1, which is four times higher than that in the before light conditions. Furthermore, MB, a bactericide drug model released under visible light, can effectively inhibit the growth of PA, reaching a 97% inhibition effect. The biomimetic nanochannels can realize the controlled release of the fungicide MB, which provides a new way for the treatment of PA on the leaves surface of cucumber, further expanding the application field of biomimetic nanomembrane carrier materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Li
- Hubei Central China Normal University Overseas Study Service Center, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cuiguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Meng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, P. R. China
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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Bueno-Silva B, Parma-Garcia J, Frigo L, Suárez LJ, Macedo TT, Uyeda FH, Melo MARDC, Sacco R, Mourão CF, Feres M, Shibli JA, Figueiredo LC. Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Study in Multi-Species Oral Biofilm. Pathogens 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38668297 PMCID: PMC11054395 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of infectious diseases caused by biofilms is a continuing challenge for researchers due to the complexity of their microbial structures and therapeutic implications. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive anti-infective treatment has been described as a possible valid approach but has not been tested in polymicrobial biofilm models. This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy in vitro with methylene blue (MB) 0.01% and red LEDs (λ = 660 nm, power density ≈ 330 mW/cm2, 2 mm distance from culture) on the metabolic activity and composition of a multispecies subgingival biofilm. Test Groups LED and MB + LED showed a more significant reduction in metabolic activity than the non-LED application group (~50 and 55%, respectively). Groups LED and MB equally affected (more than 80%) the total bacterial count in biofilms. No differences were noted in the bacterial biofilm composition between the groups. In vitro LED alone or the MB + LED combination reduced the metabolic activity of bacteria in polymicrobial biofilms and the total subgingival biofilm count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Javier Parma-Garcia
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
| | - Lucio Frigo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
- Faculdade de Odontologia da Associação Paulista de Cirurgiões Dentistas (FAOA), São Paulo 02011-000, Brazil
| | - Lina J. Suárez
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 # 26-85, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Tatiane Tiemi Macedo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
| | - Fábio Hideaki Uyeda
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
| | - Marcelo Augusto Ruiz da Cunha Melo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9SP, UK
| | - Carlos Fernando Mourão
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Tuft University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
| | - Luciene Cristina Figueiredo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil; (B.B.-S.); (J.P.-G.); (L.F.); (L.J.S.); (M.F.); (J.A.S.); (L.C.F.)
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Zhu J, Meng H, Li X, Jia L, Xu L, Cai Y, Chen Y, Jin J, Yu L. Optimization of virtual screening against phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta: Integration of common feature pharmacophore and multicomplex-based molecular docking. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 109:108011. [PMID: 38198965 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has accumulated which suggests that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) is closely related to the occurrence and development of various human diseases, making PI3Kδ a highly promising drug target. However, PI3Kδ exhibits high homology with other members of the PI3K family, which poses significant challenges to the development of PI3Kδ inhibitors. Therefore, in the present study, a hybrid virtual screening (VS) approach based on a ligand-based pharmacophore model and multicomplex-based molecular docking was developed to find novel PI3Kδ inhibitors. 13 crystal structures of the human PI3Kδ-inhibitor complex were collected to establish models. The inhibitors were extracted from the crystal structures to generate the common feature pharmacophore. The crystallographic protein structures were used to construct a naïve Bayesian classification model that integrates molecular docking based on multiple PI3Kδ conformations. Subsequently, three VS protocols involving sequential or parallel molecular docking and pharmacophore approaches were employed. External predictions demonstrated that the protocol combining molecular docking and pharmacophore resulted in a significant improvement in the enrichment of active PI3Kδ inhibitors. Finally, the optimal VS method was utilized for virtual screening against a large chemical database, and some potential hit compounds were identified. We hope that the developed VS strategy will provide valuable guidance for the discovery of novel PI3Kδ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Huiqin Meng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xintong Li
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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Gazel D, Erinmez M, Çalışkantürk G, Saadat KASM. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects of Methylene Blue against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:241. [PMID: 38399456 PMCID: PMC10893340 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a water-soluble dye that has a number of medical applications. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was selected as a subject for research due to the numerous serious clinical diseases it might cause and because there is a significant global resistance challenge. Our main goal was to determine and analyze the antibacterial effects of MB against S. aureus both in vitro and ex vivo to enhance treatment options. A total of 104 MRSA isolates recovered from various clinical specimens were included in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of MB against MRSA isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. One randomly selected MRSA isolate and a methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strain (S. aureus ATCC 25923) were employed for further evaluation of the antibacterial effects of MB in in vitro and ex vivo time-kill assays. A disc diffusion method-based MB + antibiotic synergy assay was performed to analyze the subinhibitory effects of MB on ten isolates. MICs of MB against 104 MRSA isolates, detected by the agar dilution method, ranged between 16 and 64 µg/mL. MB concentrations of 4 and 16 µg/mL showed a bactericidal effect at 24 h in the ex vivo time-kill assays and in vitro time-kill assays, respectively. We observed a significant synergy between cefoxitin and methylene blue at a concentration of 1-2 μg/mL in two (20%) test isolates. Employing MB, which has well-defined pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety profiles, for the treatment of MRSA infections and nasal decolonization could be a good strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gazel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erinmez
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep Abdülkadir Yüksel State Hospital, Gaziantep 27100, Turkey;
| | - Gönenç Çalışkantürk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep Public Health Laboratory, Gaziantep 27010, Turkey;
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Qi X, Grafskaia E, Yu Z, Shen N, Fedina E, Masyutin A, Erokhina M, Lepoitevin M, Lazarev V, Zigangirova N, Serre C, Durymanov M. Methylene Blue-Loaded NanoMOFs: Accumulation in Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusions and Light/Dark Antibacterial Effects. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1558-1569. [PMID: 37477515 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework nanoparticles (nanoMOFs) are promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Some of them, including biodegradable porous iron carboxylates are proposed for encapsulation and delivery of antibiotics. Due to the high drug loading capacity and fast internalization kinetics, nanoMOFs are more beneficial for the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections compared to free antibacterial drugs, which poorly accumulate inside the cells because of the inability to cross membrane barriers or have low intracellular retention. However, nanoparticle internalization does not ensure their accumulation in the cell compartment that shelters a pathogen. This study shows the availability of MIL-100(Fe)-based MOF nanoparticles to co-localize with Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, in the infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, nanoMOFs loaded with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) exhibit complete photodynamic inactivation of C. trachomatis growth. Simultaneous infection and treatment of RAW264.7 cells with empty nanoMOFs resulted in a bacterial load reduction from 100 to 36% that indicates an intrinsic anti-chlamydial effect of this iron-containing nanomaterial. Thus, our findings suggest the use of iron-based nanoMOFs as a promising drug delivery platform, which contributes to antibacterial effect, for the treatment of chlamydial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qi
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Grafskaia
- Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Zhihao Yu
- Institute of Porous Materials from Paris (IMAP), Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ningfei Shen
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Elena Fedina
- The Gamaleya National Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Alexander Masyutin
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Pathology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Maria Erokhina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Pathology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Mathilde Lepoitevin
- Institute of Porous Materials from Paris (IMAP), Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
- Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Nailya Zigangirova
- The Gamaleya National Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Christian Serre
- Institute of Porous Materials from Paris (IMAP), Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mikhail Durymanov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Mattelin V, Verfaille L, Kundu K, De Wildeman S, Boon N. A New Colorimetric Test for Accurate Determination of Plastic Biodegradation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102311. [PMID: 37242886 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As plastic waste is accumulating in both controlled waste management settings and natural settings, much research is devoted to search for solutions, also in the field of biodegradation. However, determining the biodegradability of plastics in natural environments remains a big challenge due to the often very low biodegradation rates. Many standardised test methods for biodegradation in natural environments exist. These are often based on mineralisation rates in controlled conditions and are thus indirect measurements of biodegradation. It is of interest for both researchers and companies to have tests that are more rapid, easier, and more reliable to screen different ecosystems and/or niches for their plastic biodegradation potential. In this study, the goal is to validate a colorimetric test, based on carbon nanodots, to screen biodegradation of different types of plastics in natural environments. After introducing carbon nanodots into the matrix of the target plastic, a fluorescent signal is released upon plastic biodegradation. The in-house-made carbon nanodots were first confirmed regarding their biocompatibility and chemical and photostability. Subsequently, the effectivity of the developed method was evaluated positively by an enzymatic degradation test with polycaprolactone with Candida antarctica lipase B. Finally, validation experiments were performed with enriched microorganisms and real environmental samples (freshwater and seawater), of which the results were compared with parallel, frequently used biodegradation measures such as O2 and CO2, dissolved organic carbon, growth and pH, to assess the reliability of the test. Our results indicate that this colorimetric test is a good alternative to other methods, but a combination of different methods gives the most information. In conclusion, this colorimetric test is a good fit to screen, in high throughput, the depolymerisation of plastics in natural environments and under different conditions in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Mattelin
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennert Verfaille
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kankana Kundu
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Wang Z, Li K, Xu Q, Fu G, Li H, Yang W. Preparation and evaluation of chitosan- and hyaluronic acid-grafted pullulan succinate films for skin wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1432-1442. [PMID: 36400206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel wound dressing that possesses antibacterial properties and accelerates skin wound repair was developed by physically blending hyaluronic acid-grafted pullulan succinate (HA-st-Pu) with chitosan (CS). The HA-st-Pu polymer was synthesized and characterized, and then CS/HA-st-Pu film dressings were prepared by a freeze-drying method. The novel film wound dressings exhibited a three-dimensional cavity structure under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a better swelling ratio than CS, HA and Pu alone, absorbing a large amount of liquid and effectively maintaining the moist environment of the wound. CS/HA-st-Pu materials had no cytotoxicity and increased cell proliferation when coincubated with L929 cells. Moreover, CS/HA-st-Pu wound dressings exhibited a certain antibacterial capability against E. coli and S. aureus. In rat skin wound healing, CS/HA-st-Pu film dressings outperformed both the control and market band-aid groups with respect to the reduction of inflammation and acceleration of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qianru Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Guoliang Fu
- Beijing Fangyi Biomedical Co. LTD, Beijing 101399, PR China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Hepburn J, Williams-Lockhart S, Bensadoun RJ, Hanna R. A Novel Approach of Combining Methylene Blue Photodynamic Inactivation, Photobiomodulation and Oral Ingested Methylene Blue in COVID-19 Management: A Pilot Clinical Study with 12-Month Follow-Up. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2211. [PMID: 36358582 PMCID: PMC9686966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was first recognized in late 2019 and remains a significant threat. We therefore assessed the use of local methylene blue photodynamic viral inactivation (MB-PDI) in the oral and nasal cavities, in combination with the systemic anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of orally ingested methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM) for COVID-19 disease. The proposed protocol leverages the separate and combined effects of MB and 660nm red light emitted diode (LED) to comprehensively address the pathophysiological sequelae of COVID-19. A total of eight pilot subjects with COVID-19 disease were treated in the Bahamas over the period June 2021-August 2021, using a remote care program that was developed for this purpose. Although not a pre-requisite for inclusion, none of the subjects had received any COVID-19 vaccination prior to commencing the study. Clinical outcome assessment tools included serial cycle threshold measurements as a surrogate estimate of viral load; serial online questionnaires to document symptom response and adverse effects; and a one-year follow-up survey to assess long-term outcomes. All subjects received MB-PDI to target the main sites of viral entry in the nose and mouth. This was the central component of the treatment protocol with the addition of orally ingested MB and/or PBM based on clinical requirements. The mucosal surfaces were irradiated with 660 nm LED in a continuous emission mode at energy density of 49 J/cm2 for PDI and 4.9 J/cm2 for PBM. Although our pilot subjects had significant co-morbidities, extremely high viral loads and moderately severe symptoms during the Delta phase of the pandemic, the response to treatment was highly encouraging. Rapid reductions in viral loads were observed and negative PCR tests were documented within a median of 4 days. These laboratory findings occurred in parallel with significant clinical improvement, mostly within 12-24 h of commencing the treatment protocol. There were no significant adverse effects and none of the subjects who completed the protocol required in-patient hospitalization. The outcomes were similarly encouraging at one-year follow-up with virtual absence of "long COVID" symptoms or of COVID-19 re-infection. Our results indicate that the protocols may be a safe and promising approach to challenging COVID-19 disease. Moreover, due its broad spectrum of activity, this approach has the potential to address the prevailing and future COVID-19 variants and other infections transmitted via the upper respiratory tract. Extensive studies with a large cohort are warranted to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hepburn
- Luminnova Health, 34 Harbour Bay Plaza, East Bay Street, Nassau P.O. Box N-1081, Bahamas
| | | | - René Jean Bensadoun
- Centre De Haute Energie, Department of Oncology Radiology, 10 Boulevard Pasteur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Vaile Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Department of Oral Surgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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The preparation of core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles with different surface carboxyl densities and their application in the removal of methylene blue. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Zhou M, Yang J, Li Y. A model for phthalic acid esters' biodegradability and biotoxicity multi-effect pharmacophore and its application in molecular modification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:361-378. [PMID: 33563085 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1881352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate 13 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) with medium or long straight-alkyl-chain, branching or unsaturated side chains, because their structural characteristics make them difficult to biodegrade or highly toxic. A biodegradability and biotoxicity multi-effect pharmacophore model was built using comprehensive evaluation method. The results suggested that introducing hydrophobic groups to the side chains of the PAEs could improve the molecules' biodegradability and biotoxicity effects simultaneously. Thus, 40 target PAE (HEHP, DNOP, DUP) derivatives were designed. Two environmentally friendly PAE derivatives (HEHP-Anthryl and HEHP-Naphthyl) were screened via the test of environmental friendliness and functionality. In addition, the biodegradation and biotoxicity of derivatives were found to have improved as a result of the change in van der Waals forces between molecules and their corresponding proteins. Moreover, the environmental safety of the screened PAE derivatives was confirmed by predicting the toxicity of their intermediates and calculating the energy barrier values for biodegradation and metabolic pathways. This study could provide theoretical guidance for the practical development of environmentally friendly plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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