1
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Hasan AMM, Bose S, Roy R, Marquez JD, Sharma C, Nino JC, Kirlikovali KO, Farha OK, Evans AM. Electroactive Ionic Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity for High-Performance Capacitive Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405924. [PMID: 38850277 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Here, an ionic polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) as a high-functioning supercapacitor electrode without the need for conductive additives or binders is reported. The performance of this material is directly related to its large accessible surface area. By comparing electrochemical performance between a porous viologen PIM and a nonporous viologen polymer, it is revealed that the high energy and power density are both due to the ability of ions to rapidly access the ionic PIM. In 0.1 m H2SO4 electrolyte, a pseudocapacitve energy of 315 F g-1 is observed, whereas in 0.1 m Na2SO4, a capacitive energy density of 250 F g-1 is obtained. In both cases, this capacity is retained over 10 000 charge-discharge cycles, without the need for stabilizing binders or conductive additives even at moderate loadings (5 mg cm-2). This desirable performance is maintained in a prototype symmetric two-electrode capacitor device, which has >99% Coloumbic efficiency and a <10 mF capacity drop over 2000 cycles. These results demonstrate that ionic PIMs function well as standalone supercapacitor electrodes and suggest ionic PIMs may perform well in other electrochemical devices such as sensors, ion-separation membranes, or displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Saptasree Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rupam Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joshua D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry, Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chaitanya Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Juan C Nino
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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2
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Azevedo Beluomini M, Ramos Stradiotto N, Boldrin Zanoni MV, Carta M, McKeown NB, Fletcher PJ, Sain S, Li Z, Marken F. Triphasic Oxygen Storage in Wet Nanoparticulate Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) on Platinum: An Electrochemical Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37865-37873. [PMID: 38995231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The triphasic interaction of gases with electrode surfaces immersed in aqueous electrolyte is crucial in electrochemical technologies (fuel cells, batteries, sensors). Some microporous materials modify this interaction locally via triphasic storage capacity for gases in aqueous environments linked to changes in apparent oxygen concentration and diffusivity (as well as activity and reactivity). Here, a nanoparticulate polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) in aqueous electrolyte is shown to store oxygen gas and thereby enhance electrochemical signals for oxygen reduction in aqueous media. Oxygen reduction current transient data at platinum disk electrodes suggest that the reactivity of ambient oxygen in aqueous electrolyte (typically Doxygen = 2.8 × 10-9 m2 s-1; coxygen = 0.3 mM) is substantially modified (to approximately Dapp,oxygen = 1.6 (±0.3) × 10-12 m2 s-1; capp,oxygen = 50 (±5) mM) with important implications for triphasic electrode processes. The considerable apparent concentration of oxygen even for ambient oxygen levels is important. Potential applications in oxygen sensing, oxygen storage, oxygen catalysis, or applications associated with other types of gases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Azevedo Beluomini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF, U.K
| | - Philip J Fletcher
- Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility, MC2, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Sunanda Sain
- Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility, MC2, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Zhongkai Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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3
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Yang Y, Song Y, Xu G, Wang A, Liang H, Wang L, Wang C, Wang J, He X. Facile Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity-Modified Separator with Quite-Low Loading for Enhanced-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38531-38539. [PMID: 38982796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) using Li metals as anodes are conspicuous for high-energy-density energy-storage devices. However, the nonuniform deposition of Li+ ions leading to uncontrolled Li dendrite growth, which adversely affects electrochemical performance and safety, has impeded the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, PIM-1, a type of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), was utilized for surface engineering of conventional polyolefin separators. This process resulted in the formation of a continuous and homogeneous coating across the separator, facilitating uniform Li+ ion flux and deposition, and consequently reducing dendrite formation. Notably, the loading mass was quite low (0.6 g/m2) through the convenient dipping method. The intrinsic micropores and polar groups (cyano and ether groups) of PIM-1 greatly improved the electrolyte wettability and ionic conductivity of commercial polypropylene (PP) separators. And the PIM-1 coating guided Li+ flux to achieve uniform Li deposition. Moreover, the polar groups (cyano and ether groups) of PIM-1 are beneficial to the desolvation of Li+-solvates. As a result, the synergetic effect of uniform Li+ flux, desolvation, and enhanced mechanical strength of separators brings about considerable improvement in cycle life, suppression of Li dendrite, and Coulombic efficiency for LMBs. As this surface engineering is simple, relatively low-cost, and effective, this work provides fresh insights into separators for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youzhi Song
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guojie Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Liang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Caliskan E, Shishatskiy S, Abetz V, Filiz V. Pioneering the preparation of porous PIM-1 membranes for enhanced water vapor flow. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9631-9645. [PMID: 38525056 PMCID: PMC10958458 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, porous polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) membranes were prepared by non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) and investigated for water vapor transport in view of their application in membrane distillation (MD). Due to the lack of high boiling point solvents for PIM-1 that are also water miscible, the mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was found to be optimal for the formation of a membrane with a developed porous system both on the membrane surface and in the bulk. PIM-1 was synthesized by using low and high temperature methods to observe how molecular weight effects the membrane structure. Low molecular weight PIM-1 was produced at low temperatures, while high molecular weight PIM-1 was obtained at high temperatures. Several membranes were prepared, including PM-6, PM-9, and PM-11 from low molecular weight PIM-1, and PM-13 from high molecular weight PIM-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to image the surface and cross-section of different porous PIM-1 membranes. Among all the PIM-1 membranes (PM) obtained, PM-6, PM-9, PM-11 and PM-13 showed the most developed porous structure, while PM-13 showed large voids in the bulk of the membrane. Contact angle measurements showed that all PIM-1 porous membranes are highly hydrophobic. Liquid water flux measurements showed that PM-6, PM-9 and PM-11 showed minimal water fluxes due to small surface pore size, while PM-13 showed a high water flux due to a large surface pore size. Water vapor transport measurements showed high permeance values for all membranes, demonstrating the applicability of the developed membranes for MD. In addition, a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with PIM-1 selective layer was prepared and investigated for water vapor transport to compare with porous PIM-1 membranes. The TFC membrane showed an approximately 4-fold lower vapor permeance than porous membranes. Based on these results, we postulated that the use of porous PIM-1 membranes could be promising for MD due to their hydrophobic nature and the fact that the porous membranes allow vapor permeability through the membrane but not liquid water. The TFC membrane can be used in cases where the transfer of water-soluble contaminants must be absolutely avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Caliskan
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
| | - Sergey Shishatskiy
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 Hamburg 20146 Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
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5
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Skupov KM, Ponomarev II, Vtyurina ES, Volkova YA, Ponomarev II, Zhigalina OM, Khmelenin DN, Cherkovskiy EN, Modestov AD. Proton-Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanofiber Mats for Pt-Anodes of High-Temperature Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050479. [PMID: 37233540 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEM FC) are a very important type of fuel cell since they operate at 150-200 °C, allowing the use of hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve stability and other properties of gas diffusion electrodes still hinders their distribution. Anodes based on a mat (self-supporting entire non-woven nanofiber material) of carbon nanofibers (CNF) were prepared by the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution followed by thermal stabilization and pyrolysis of the mat. To improve their proton conductivity, Zr salt was introduced into the electrospinning solution. As a result, after subsequent deposition of Pt-nanoparticles, Zr-containing composite anodes were obtained. To improve the proton conductivity of the nanofiber surface of the composite anode and reach HT-PEMFC better performance, dilute solutions of Nafion®, a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and N-ethyl phosphonated polybenzimidazole (PBI-OPhT-P) were used to coat the CNF surface for the first time. These anodes were studied by electron microscopy and tested in membrane-electrode assembly for H2/air HT-PEMFC. The use of CNF anodes coated with PBI-OPhT-P has been shown to improve the HT-PEMFC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill M Skupov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Vtyurina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga M Zhigalina
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Khmelenin
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Cherkovskiy
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D Modestov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 31, bld. 4., 119071 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Afshary H, Amiri M, Marken F, McKeown NB, Amiri M. ECL sensor for selective determination of citrate ions as a prostate cancer biomarker using polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1 nanoparticles/nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2727-2736. [PMID: 37042993 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Urine citrate analysis is relevant in the screening and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer and calcium nephrolithiasis. A sensitive, fast, easy, and low-maintenance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method with conductivity detection for the analysis of citrate in urine is developed and validated by employing polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1 nanoparticles/nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (nano-PIM-1/N-CQDs). Using optimum conditions, the sensor was applied in ECL experiments in the presence of different concentrations of citrate ions. The ECL signals were quenched gradually by the increasing citrate concentration. The linear range of the relationship between the logarithm of the citrate concentration and ΔECL (ECL of blank - ECL of sample) was obtained between 1.0 × 10-7 M and 5.0 × 10-4 M. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 2.2 × 10-8 M (S/N = 3). The sensor was successfully applied in real samples such as human serum and patient urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Afshary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 59166-11367, Iran
| | - Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 59166-11367, Iran.
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Imam Hossein Hospital, Social Security Organization, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
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7
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Datta A, Krishnamoorti R. Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with Wind Energy and Enhanced Oil Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2084-2092. [PMID: 36692891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct air capture (DAC) is a decarbonization solution to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The key challenges for accelerating DAC deployment are its energy requirements, high capital costs, and finding low-risk and low-cost sequestration or utilization pathways. Deploying DAC facilities proximal to sequestration or use sites and where the supply of low-cost renewable electricity is plentiful can minimize the energy, transportation, operational, and overall costs. Moreover, the increased 45Q tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 can further incentivize DAC deployment. This work provides a techno-economic assessment of two configurations: temperature swing adsorption-based DAC and membrane-based DAC integrated for operation with wind energy in West Texas to provide proximal access to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. We evaluate the levelized cost of DAC and the cumulative cost of sequestering a ton of CO2 through EOR to identify opportunities for economic viability. Finally, we determine the profitability of CO2 sequestration under different EOR recovery factors and oil prices. We find that opportunities to reduce costs through proximal sequestration, integration with renewable energy, and the current level of policy support in the US can significantly incentivize and rapidly accelerate the deployment of DAC, especially for membrane-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Datta
- Department of Political Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
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8
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Skupov KM, Vtyurina ES, Ponomarev II, Ponomarev II, Aysin RR. Prospective carbon nanofibers based on polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1): Pore structure regulation for higher carbon sequestration and renewable energy source applications. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) enhances hydrogen peroxide production at Gii-Sens graphene foam electrodes. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Wang A, Tan R, Breakwell C, Wei X, Fan Z, Ye C, Malpass-Evans R, Liu T, Zwijnenburg MA, Jelfs KE, McKeown NB, Chen J, Song Q. Solution-Processable Redox-Active Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for Electrochemical Energy Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17198-17208. [PMID: 36074146 PMCID: PMC9501925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active organic materials have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional inorganic electrode materials in electrochemical devices for energy storage. However, the deployment of redox-active organic materials in practical lithium-ion battery devices is hindered by their undesired solubility in electrolyte solvents, sluggish charge transfer and mass transport, as well as processing complexity. Here, we report a new molecular engineering approach to prepare redox-active polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) that possess an open network of subnanometer pores and abundant accessible carbonyl-based redox sites for fast lithium-ion transport and storage. Redox-active PIMs can be solution-processed into thin films and polymer-carbon composites with a homogeneously dispersed microstructure while remaining insoluble in electrolyte solvents. Solution-processed redox-active PIM electrodes demonstrate improved cycling performance in lithium-ion batteries with no apparent capacity decay. Redox-active PIMs with combined properties of intrinsic microporosity, reversible redox activity, and solution processability may have broad utility in a variety of electrochemical devices for energy storage, sensors, and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Rui Tan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Charlotte Breakwell
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Xiaochu Wei
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | | | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | | | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable
Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qilei Song
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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11
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Antonangelo AR, Hawkins N, Tocci E, Muzzi C, Fuoco A, Carta M. Tröger's Base Network Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (TB-PIMs) with Tunable Pore Size for Heterogeneous Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15581-15594. [PMID: 35973136 PMCID: PMC9437925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heterogeneous catalysis plays a pivotal role in the preparation
of value-added chemicals, and it works more efficiently when combined
with porous materials and supports. Because of that, a detailed assessment
of porosity and pore size is essential when evaluating the performance
of new heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report the synthesis and
characterization of a series of novel microporous Tröger’s
base polymers and copolymers (TB-PIMs) with tunable pore size. The
basicity of TB sites is exploited to catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation
of benzaldehydes and malononitrile, and the dimension of the pores
can be systematically adjusted with an appropriate selection of monomers
and comonomers. The tunability of the pore size provides the enhanced
accessibility of the catalytic sites for substrates, which leads to
a great improvement in conversions, with the best results achieving
completion in only 20 min. In addition, it enables the use of large
benzaldehydes, which is prevented when using polymers with very small
pores, typical of conventional PIMs. The catalytic reaction is more
efficient than the corresponding homogeneous counterpart and is ultimately
optimized with the addition of a small amount of a solvent, which
facilitates the swelling of the pores and leads to a further improvement
in the performance and to a better carbon economy. Molecular dynamic
modeling of the copolymers’ structures is employed to describe
the swellability of flexible chains, helping the understanding of
the improved performance and demonstrating the great potential of
these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana R Antonangelo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Natasha Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Chiara Muzzi
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Alessio Fuoco
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
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12
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Wang R, Liu Q, Peng Q, Yang X, Zhao H, Fan H, Liu H, Cao X. A novel strategy to improve gas capture performance of metal-free azo-bridged porphyrin porous organic polymers: The design of traps. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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McKeown NB. The structure-property relationships of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs). Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Satilmis B. Electrospinning Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) ultrafine fibers; preparations, applications and future perspectives. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Malpass-Evans R, McKeown NB, Carta M, Lowe JP, Lyall CL, Castaing R, Fletcher PJ, Kociok-Köhn G, Wenk J, Guo Z, Marken F. Effects of g-C 3N 4 Heterogenization into Intrinsically Microporous Polymers on the Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19938-19948. [PMID: 35466666 PMCID: PMC9073839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is known to photogenerate hydrogen peroxide in the presence of hole quenchers in aqueous environments. Here, the g-C3N4 photocatalyst is embedded into a host polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) to provide recoverable heterogenized photocatalysts without loss of activity. Different types of g-C3N4 (including Pt@g-C3N4, Pd@g-C3N4, and Au@g-C3N4) and different quenchers are investigated. Exploratory experiments yield data that suggest binding of the quencher either (i) directly by adsorption onto the g-C3N4 (as shown for α-glucose) or (ii) indirectly by absorption into the microporous polymer host environment (as shown for Triton X-100) enhances the overall photochemical H2O2 production process. The amphiphilic molecule Triton X-100 is shown to interact only weakly with g-C3N4 but strongly with PIM-1, resulting in accumulation and enhanced H2O2 production due to the microporous polymer host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lina Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard Malpass-Evans
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department
of Chemistry, Swansea University, College
of Science, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - John P. Lowe
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Catherine L. Lyall
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rémi Castaing
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Philip J. Fletcher
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation Research Centre, WIRC, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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16
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Liu X, Liu CF, Xu S, Cheng T, Wang S, Lai WY, Huang W. Porous organic polymers for high-performance supercapacitors. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3181-3225. [PMID: 35348147 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of addressing the global warming issue and fossil energy shortage, eco-friendly and sustainable renewable energy technologies are urgently needed. In comparison to energy conversion, studies on energy storage fall behind and remain largely to be explored. By storing energy from electrochemical processes at the electrode surface, supercapacitors (SCs) bridge the performance gap between electrostatic double-layer capacitors and batteries. Organic electrode materials have drawn extensive attention because of their special power density, good round trip efficiency and excellent cycle stability. Porous organic polymers (POPs) have drawn extensive attention as attractive electrode materials in SCs. In this review, we present and discuss recent advancements and design principles of POPs as efficient electrode materials for SCs from the perspectives of synthetic strategies and the structure-performance relationships of POPs. Finally, we put forward the outlook and prospects of POPs for SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cheng-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shihao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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17
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Antonangelo AR, Hawkins N, Carta M. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) for catalysis: a perspective. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Zhuang D, Huang X, Chen Z, Wu H, Sheng L, Zhao M, Bai Y, Liu G, Xue H, Wang T, Chen Y, He J. A novel artificial film of lithiophilic polyethersulfone for inhibiting lithium dendrite. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Ghosh D, Sakpal SS, Chatterjee S, Deshmukh SH, Kwon H, Kim YS, Bagchi S. Association-Dissociation Dynamics of Ionic Electrolytes in Low Dielectric Medium. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:239-248. [PMID: 34961310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic electrolytes are known to form various complexes which exist in dynamic equilibrium in a low dielectric medium. However, structural characterization of these complexes has always posed a great challenge to the scientific community. An additional challenge is the estimation of the dynamic association-dissociation time scales (lifetime of the complexes), which are key to the fundamental understanding of ion transport. In this work, we have used a combination of infrared absorption spectroscopy, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations to characterize the various ion complexes formed by the thiocyanate-based ionic electrolytes as a function of different cations in a low dielectric medium. Our results demonstrate that thiocyanate is an excellent vibrational reporter of the heterogeneous ion complexes undergoing association-dissociation dynamics. We find that the ionic electrolytes exist as contact ion pairs, dimers, and clusters in a low dielectric medium. The relative ratios of the various ion complexes are sensitive to the cations. In addition to the interactions between the thiocyanate anion and the countercation, the solute-solvent interactions drive the dynamic equilibrium. We have estimated the association-dissociation dynamics time scales from two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The exchange time scale involving the cluster is faster than that between a dimer and an ion pair. Moreover, we find that the dynamic equilibrium between the cluster and another ion complex is correlated to the solvent fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborin Ghosh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sushil S Sakpal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srijan Chatterjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Samadhan H Deshmukh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Yung Sam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sayan Bagchi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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20
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Liang X, Tian Y, Yuan Y, Kim Y. Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105647. [PMID: 34626010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials whose facile preparation, functionality, and modularity have led to their becoming powerful platforms for the development of molecular devices in many fields of (bio)engineering, such as energy storage, environmental remediation, drug delivery, and catalysis. In particular, ionic COFs (iCOFs) are highly useful for constructing energy devices, as their ionic functional groups can transport ions efficiently, and the nonlabile and highly ordered all-covalent pore structures of their backbones provide ideal pathways for long-term ionic transport under harsh electrochemical conditions. Here, current research progress on the use of iCOFs for energy devices, specifically lithium-based batteries and fuel cells, is reviewed in terms of iCOF backbone-design strategies, synthetic approaches, properties, engineering techniques, and applications. iCOFs are categorized as anionic COFs or cationic COFs, and how each of these types of iCOFs transport lithium ions, protons, or hydroxides is illustrated. Finally, the current challenges to and future opportunities for the utilization of iCOFs in energy devices are described. This review will therefore serve as a useful reference on state-of-the-art iCOF design and application strategies focusing on energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Luque-Alled JM, Tamaddondar M, Foster AB, Budd PM, Gorgojo P. PIM-1/Holey Graphene Oxide Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation: Unveiling the Role of Holes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55517-55533. [PMID: 34756006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PIM-1/holey graphene oxide (GO) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have been prepared and their gas separation performance for CO2/CH4 mixtures assessed. Nanopores have been created in the basal plane of gas-impermeable GO by chemical etching reactions, and the resulting holey flakes have been further chemically functionalized, either with octadecylamine (ODA) or with PIM-1 moieties, to aid their dispersion in PIM-1. It is found that nanopores barely promote gas transport through the graphene-like nanofiller for fresh membranes (tested right after preparation); however, the prepared hybrid PIM-1/holey GO membranes exhibit higher CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity than the pure polymer membrane 150 days after preparation and 13 and 15% higher CO2 permeability for filler contents of 0.1% of octadecylamine-functionalized holey GO and 1% of (PIM-1)-functionalized holey GO, respectively. The most significant improvement is observed for the mitigation of physical aging, as MMMs using 10% of (PIM-1)-functionalized holey GO nanofillers are capable of maintaining up to 70% of their initial CO2 permeability after 150 days, whereas only 53% is kept for pure PIM-1 after the same period. The gas permeability of the nanofiller has been rationalized with the aid of the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Luque-Alled
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marzieh Tamaddondar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Foster
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Budd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Gorgojo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Nanoscience and Materials Institute of Aragón (INMA) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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Wang L, Carta M, Malpass-Evans R, McKeown NB, Fletcher PJ, Lednitzky D, Marken F. Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Hydrogen Generation at Bipolar Pd/Au Nano-catalysts Grown into an Intrinsically Microporous Polyamine (PIM-EA-TB). Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBinding of PdCl42− into the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-EA-TB (on a Nylon mesh substrate) followed by borohydride reduction leads to uncapped Pd(0) nano-catalysts with typically 3.2 ± 0.2 nm diameter embedded within the microporous polymer host structure. Spontaneous reaction of Pd(0) with formic acid and oxygen is shown to result in the competing formation of (i) hydrogen peroxide (at low formic acid concentration in air; with optimum H2O2 yield at 2 mM HCOOH), (ii) water, or (iii) hydrogen (at higher formic acid concentration or under argon). Next, a spontaneous electroless gold deposition process is employed to attach gold (typically 10- to 35-nm diameter) to the nano-palladium in PIM-EA-TB to give an order of magnitude enhanced production of H2O2 with high yields even at higher HCOOH concentration (suppressing hydrogen evolution). Pd and Au work hand-in-hand as bipolar electrocatalysts. A Clark probe method is developed to assess the catalyst efficiency (based on competing oxygen removal and hydrogen production) and a mass spectrometry method is developed to monitor/optimise the rate of production of hydrogen peroxide. Heterogenised Pd/Au@PIM-EA-TB catalysts are effective and allow easy catalyst recovery and reuse for hydrogen peroxide production.
Graphical abstract
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23
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Cao X, Wang R, Peng Q, Zhao H, Fan H, Liu H, Liu Q. Effect of pore structure on the adsorption capacities to different sizes of adsorbates by ferrocene-based conjugated microporous polymers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Li Z, Malpass-Evans R, McKeown NB, Carta M, Mathwig K, Lowe JP, Marken F. Effective electroosmotic transport of water in an intrinsically microporous polyamine (PIM-EA-TB). Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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25
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Wang L, Malpass-Evans R, Carta M, McKeown NB, Reeksting SB, Marken F. Catechin or quercetin guests in an intrinsically microporous polyamine (PIM-EA-TB) host: accumulation, reactivity, and release. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27432-27442. [PMID: 35480644 PMCID: PMC9037788 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microporous polymer materials based on molecularly "stiff" structures provide intrinsic microporosity, typical micropore sizes of 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm, and the ability to bind guest species. The polyamine PIM-EA-TB contains abundant tertiary amine sites to interact via hydrogen bonding to guest species in micropores. Here, quercetin and catechin are demonstrated to bind and accumulate into PIM-EA-TB. Voltammetric data suggest apparent Langmuirian binding constants for catechin of 550 (±50) × 103 M-1 in acidic solution at pH 2 (PIM-EA-TB is protonated) and 130 (±13) × 103 M-1 in neutral solution at pH 6 (PIM-EA-TB is not protonated). The binding capacity is typically 1 : 1 (guest : host polymer repeat unit), but higher loadings are readily achieved by host/guest co-deposition from tetrahydrofuran solution. In the rigid polymer environment, bound ortho-quinol guest species exhibit 2-electron 2-proton redox transformation to the corresponding quinones, but only in a thin mono-layer film close to the electrode surface. Release of guest molecules occurs depending on the level of loading and on the type of guest either spontaneously or with electrochemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Richard Malpass-Evans
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh Scotland EH9 3JF UK
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, College of Science Grove Building, Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh Scotland EH9 3JF UK
| | - Shaun B Reeksting
- University of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility, MC2 Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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26
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Zhao Y, Malpass‐Evans R, Carta M, McKeown NB, Fletcher PJ, Kociok‐Köhn G, Lednitzky D, Marken F. Size‐Selective Photoelectrochemical Reactions in Microporous Environments: Clark Probe Investigation of Pt@g‐C
3
N
4
Embedded into Intrinsically Microporous Polymer (PIM‐1). ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Richard Malpass‐Evans
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JJ UK
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry Swansea University College of Science Grove Building, Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JJ UK
| | - Philip J. Fletcher
- University of Bath Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility MC2 Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Gabriele Kociok‐Köhn
- University of Bath Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility MC2 Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Diana Lednitzky
- University of Bath Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility MC2 Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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27
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Li Z, Wang L, Malpass‐Evans R, Carta M, McKeown NB, Mathwig K, Fletcher PJ, Marken F. Ionic Diode and Molecular Pump Phenomena Associated with Caffeic Acid Accumulated into an Intrinsically Microporous Polyamine (PIM‐EA‐TB). ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Richard Malpass‐Evans
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF UK
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry Swansea University, College of Science, Grove Building Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF UK
| | - Klaus Mathwig
- Stichting imec Nederland within OnePlanet Research Center Bronland 10 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J. Fletcher
- University of Bath Materials & Chemical Characterisation Facility MC2 Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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28
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Sturman M, Oelgemöller M. Process Parameters in the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sturman
- James Cook University College of Science and Engineering 1 James Cook Drive 4811 Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- James Cook University College of Science and Engineering 1 James Cook Drive 4811 Townsville Queensland Australia
- Ghent University Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Gent Belgium
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29
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Riza Putra B, Tshwenya L, Buckingham MA, Chen J, Jeremiah Aoki K, Mathwig K, Arotiba OA, Thompson AK, Li Z, Marken F. Microscale Ionic Diodes: An Overview. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Budi Riza Putra
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bogor Agricultural University Bogor, West Java Indonesia
| | - Luthando Tshwenya
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Mark A. Buckingham
- Department of Chemistry Britannia House King's College London London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- University of Fukui Department of Applied Physics 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 9100017 Japan
| | - Koichi Jeremiah Aoki
- University of Fukui Department of Applied Physics 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 9100017 Japan
| | - Klaus Mathwig
- Stichting imec Nederland within OnePlanet Research Center Bronland 10 6708 WH Wageningen Netherlands
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research University of Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Zhongkai Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY UK
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30
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Marken F, Carta M, McKeown NB. Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity in the Design of Electrochemical Multicomponent and Multiphase Interfaces. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1213-1220. [PMID: 33369401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (or PIMs) provide porous materials due to their highly contorted and rigid macromolecular structures, which prevent space-efficient packing. PIMs are readily dissolved in solvents and can be cast into robust microporous coatings and membranes. With a typical micropore size range of around 1 nm and a typical surface area of 700-1000 m2 g-1, PIMs offer channels for ion/molecular transport and pores for gaseous species, solids, and liquids to coexist. Electrode surfaces are readily modified with coatings or composite films to provide interfaces for solid|solid|liquid or solid|liquid|liquid or solid|liquid|gas multiphase electrode processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, College of Science, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF, U.K
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31
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Fan B, Zhao Y, Putra BR, Harito C, Bavykin D, Walsh FC, Carta M, Malpass‐Evans R, McKeown NB, Marken F. Photoelectroanalytical Oxygen Detection with Titanate Nanosheet – Platinum Hybrids Immobilised into a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐1). ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Fan
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down BA2 7AY UK
- School of Material Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Henan 450001 China
| | - Yuanzhu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down BA2 7AY UK
| | - Budi Riza Putra
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down BA2 7AY UK
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bogor Agricultural University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Christian Harito
- Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480
- Energy Technology Research Group Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science University of Southampton SO17 1BJ Southampton UK
| | - Dmitry Bavykin
- Energy Technology Research Group Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science University of Southampton SO17 1BJ Southampton UK
| | - Frank C. Walsh
- Energy Technology Research Group Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science University of Southampton SO17 1BJ Southampton UK
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry Swansea University College of Science, Grove Building Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Richard Malpass‐Evans
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh Scotland EH9 3JF UK
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh Scotland EH9 3JF UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down BA2 7AY UK
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Baskin A, Prendergast D. Ion Solvation Engineering: How to Manipulate the Multiplicity of the Coordination Environment of Multivalent Ions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9336-9343. [PMID: 33090799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free energy analysis of solvation structures of free divalent cations, their ion pairs, and neutral aggregates in low dielectric solvents reveals the multiplicity of thermodynamically stable cation solvation configurations and identifies the micro- and macroscopic factors responsible for this phenomenon. Specifically, we show the role of ion-solvent interactions and solvent mixtures in determining the cation solvation free energy landscapes. We show that it is the entropic contribution of solvent degrees of freedom that is responsible for the solvation multiplicity, and the mutual balance between enthalpic and entropic forces or their concerted contributions is what ultimately defines the most stable ion solvation configuration and creates new ones. We show general consequences of ion solvation multiplicity on thermodynamics of complex electrolytes, specifically in the context of homogeneous or interfacial charge transfer. Identified factors and their interplay provide a pathway to formulation of solvation design rules that can be used to control bulk solvation, interfacial chemistry, and charge transfer. Our findings also suggest experimentally testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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