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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Ngo HH, Wang J. Research and application of active species based on high-valent iron for the degradation of pollutants: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171430. [PMID: 38458457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fe(VI), as a new green treatment agent, has two indispensable processes in water treatment: coagulation and oxidation. Fe(VI) has a strong oxidation ability. The intermediate iron species (Fe(V) and Fe(IV)) and reactive radical species (H2O2, •OH, and O2•-) produced by decomposition and reduction reaction have strong oxidation ability, in addition, the hydrolyzed product formed in situ with core (γ-Fe2O3)-shell (γ-FeOOH) structure also has good coagulation effect. Because Fe(VI) is easy to decompose and challenging to preserve, it limits the application and sometimes significantly reduces the subsequent processing effect. How to make Fe(VI) more efficient use is a hot spot in current research. This article summarizes the distribution of active substances during the hydrolysis of Fe(VI), distinguish the differences mechanisms in the similar regulation methods, reviews the current preparation methods of Fe(VI), and finally reviews the applications of Fe(VI) in the field of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Atrashkevich A, Fajardo AS, Westerhoff P, Walker WS, Sánchez-Sánchez CM, Garcia-Segura S. Overcoming barriers for nitrate electrochemical reduction: By-passing water hardness. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119118. [PMID: 36155008 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water matrix composition impacts water treatment performance. However, matrix composition impacts have rarely been studied for electrochemical water treatment processes, and the correlation between the composition and the treatment efficiency is lacking. This work evaluated the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (ERN) using different complex water matrices: groundwater, brackish water, and reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate/brine. The ERN was conducted using a tin (Sn) cathode because of the high selectivity towards nitrogen evolution reported for Sn electrocatalysts. The co-existence of calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and carbonate (CO32-) ions in water caused a 4-fold decrease in the nitrate conversion into innocuous nitrogen gas due to inorganic scaling formation on the cathode surface. XRF and XRD analysis of fouled catalyst surfaces detected brucite (Mg(OH)2), calcite (CaCO3), and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) mineral scales formed on the cathode surface. Surface scaling created a physical barrier on the electrode that decreased the ERN efficiency. Identifying these main sources of ERN inhibition was key to devising potential fouling mitigation strategies. For this reason, the chemical softening pre-treatment of a real brackish water was conducted and this significantly increased nitrate conversion and faradaic efficiency during subsequent ERN treatment, leading to a lower electric energy consumption per order. Understanding the ionic foulant composition responsible for influencing electrochemically-driven technologies are the first steps that must be taken to move towards niche applications such as decentralized ERN. Thus, we propose either direct ERN implementation in regions facing high nitrate levels in soft waters, or a hybrid softening/nitrate removal system for those regions where high nitrate and high-water hardness appear simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksana Atrashkevich
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Ana S Fajardo
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - W Shane Walker
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Civil Engineering, Center for Inland Desalination Systems, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Carlos M Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA.
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Silva KN, Araújo KC, da Silva DR, Martínez-Huitle CA, Santos EVD. Persulfate-soil washing: The green use of persulfate electrochemically generated with diamond electrodes for depolluting soils. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Simultaneous Electrochemical Generation of Ferrate and Oxygen Radicals to Blue BR Dye Degradation. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, electro-oxidation (EOx) and in situ generation of ferrate ions [Fe(VI)] were tested to treat water contaminated with Blue BR dye (BBR) using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. Two electrolytic media (0.1 M HClO4 and 0.05 M Na2SO4) were evaluated for the BDD, which simultaneously produced oxygen radicals (•OH) and [Fe(VI)]. The generation of [Fe(VI)] was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the effect of different current intensity values (e.g., 7 mA cm−2, 15 mA cm−2, and 30 mA cm−2) was assessed during BBR degradation tests. The discoloration of BBR was followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. When the EOx process was used alone, only 78% BBR discoloration was achieved. The best electrochemical discoloration conditions were found using 0.05 M Na2SO4 and 30 mA cm−2. Using these conditions, overall BBR discoloration values up to 98%, 95%, and 87% with 12 mM, 6 mM, and 1 mM of FeSO4, respectively, were achieved. In the case of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, the EOx process showed only a 37% COD reduction, whereas combining [Fe(VI)] generation using 12 mM of FeSO4 achieved an up to 61% COD reduction after 90 min. The evolution of reaction byproducts (oxalic acid) was performed using liquid chromatography analysis.
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Diaz M, Cataldo M, Ledezma P, Keller J, Doederer K. Unravelling the mechanisms controlling the electro-generation of ferrate using four iron salts in boron-doped diamond electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiang Y, Goodwill JE, Tobiason JE, Reckhow DA. Comparison of ferrate and ozone pre-oxidation on disinfection byproduct formation from chlorination and chloramination. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:110-124. [PMID: 30909124 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ferrate and ozone pre-oxidation on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from subsequent chlorination or chloramination. Two natural waters were treated at bench-scale under various scenarios (chlorine, chloramine, each with ferrate pre-oxidation, and each with pre-ozonation). The formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs in fortified natural waters was assessed. Results indicated ferrate and ozone pre-oxidation were comparable at molar equivalent doses for most DBPs. A net decrease in trihalomethanes (including iodinated forms), haloacetic acids (HAAs), dihaloacetonitrile, total organic chlorine, and total organic iodine was found with both pre-oxidants as compared to chlorination only. An increase in chloropicrin and minor changes in total organic bromine yield were caused by both pre-oxidants compared to chlorination only. However, ozone led to higher haloketone and chloropicrin formation potentials than ferrate. The relative performance of ferrate versus ozone for DBP precursor removal was affected by water quality (e.g., nature of organic matter and bromide concentration) and oxidant dose, and varied by DBP species. Ferrate and ozone pre-oxidation also decreased DBP formation from chloramination under most conditions. However, some increases in THM and dihaloacetonitrile formation potentials were observed at elevated bromide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Joseph E Goodwill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02889, United States.
| | - John E Tobiason
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - David A Reckhow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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Su M, Chen P, Sun H. Development and analytical application of chemiluminescence with some super normal metal complexes as oxidant. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cataldo-Hernández MA, Govindarajan R, Bonakdarpour A, Mohseni M, Wilkinson DP. Electrosynthesis of ferrate in a batch reactor at neutral conditions for drinking water applications. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena A. Cataldo-Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Rubenthran Govindarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Arman Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - David P. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3 Canada
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Sofer Z, Luxa J, Jankovský O, Sedmidubský D, Bystroň T, Pumera M. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide by Oxidation of Graphite with Ferrate(VI) Compounds: Myth or Reality? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jankovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bystroň
- Department of Inorganic Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
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Sofer Z, Luxa J, Jankovský O, Sedmidubský D, Bystroň T, Pumera M. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide by Oxidation of Graphite with Ferrate(VI) Compounds: Myth or Reality? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11965-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jankovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bystroň
- Department of Inorganic Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
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Ruiz-Ruiz EJ, Meas Y, Ortega-Borges R, Jurado Baizabal JL. Electrochemical production of peroxocarbonate at room temperature using conductive diamond anodes. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s106837551406009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) and ferrate(V) oxidation of organic compounds: Kinetics and mechanism. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sarma R, Angeles-Boza AM, Brinkley DW, Roth JP. Studies of the Di-iron(VI) Intermediate in Ferrate-Dependent Oxygen Evolution from Water. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15371-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304786s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland
21218, United States
| | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland
21218, United States
| | - David W. Brinkley
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland
21218, United States
| | - Justine P. Roth
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland
21218, United States
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