1
|
Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:341920. [PMID: 38057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a major challenge for tumor theranostics, requiring high-resolution intercellular bioanalysis strategies. Over the past decades, the advantages of electrochemical analysis, such as high sensitivity, good spatio-temporal resolution, and ease of use, have made it the preferred method to uncover cellular differences. To inspire more creative research, herein, we highlight seminal works in electrochemical techniques for biomolecule analysis and bioimaging. Specifically, micro/nano-electrode-based electrochemical techniques enable real-time quantitative analysis of electroactive substances relevant to life processes in the micro-nanostructure of cells and tissues. Nanopore-based technique plays a vital role in biosensing by utilizing nanoscale pores to achieve high-precision detection and analysis of biomolecules with exceptional sensitivity and single-molecule resolution. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology is utilized for real-time monitoring of the behavior and features of individual cancer cells, enabling observation of their dynamic processes due to its capability of providing high-resolution and highly sensitive bioimaging of cells. Particularly, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) which are widely used in real-time observation of cell surface biological processes and three-dimensional imaging of micro-nano structures, such as metabolic activity, ion channel activity, and cell morphology are introduced in this review. Furthermore, the expansion of the scope of cellular electrochemistry research by innovative functionalized electrodes and electrochemical imaging models and strategies to address future challenges and potential applications is also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang Y. Visualization of peroxynitrite/GSH cross-talk in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by a dual-fluorophore and dual-site based mito-specific fluorescent probe. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:159-168. [PMID: 38051231 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00872j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and glutathione (GSH) play mutually regulating roles in the oxidant-antioxidant balance of organisms, which has a profound relationship with people's health and disease. In this study, we designed a two-photon fluorescent probe CD-NA that could simultaneously detect ONOO- and GSH via dual-fluorophore and dual-site properties. CD-NA shows different fluorescence responses to ONOO- (annihilated red fluorescence) and GSH (enhanced green emission) with high specificity and sensitivity. Notably, the response of CD-NA to ONOO- was unaffected by GSH, and the reverse is also true. It allows the ONOO-/GSH cross-talk to be successfully imaged. Given these excellent properties, CD-NA has been favorably employed in detecting ONOO- and GSH in living cells with the ability to target mitochondria. Therefore, CD-NA offers an efficient method for understanding the oxidant-antioxidant balance and interrelated physiological functions of ONOO- and GSH in living systems, and provides a new strategy to sort out the complex relationships and roles of various analytes in complex physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Zio S, Becconi M, Soldà A, Malferrari M, Lesch A, Rapino S. Glucose micro-biosensor for scanning electrochemical microscopy characterization of cellular metabolism in hypoxic microenvironments. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108343. [PMID: 36608371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mapping of the metabolic activity of tumor tissues represents a fundamental approach to better identify the tumor type, elucidate metastatic mechanisms and support the development of targeted cancer therapies. The spatially resolved quantification of Warburg effect key metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, is essential. Miniaturized electrochemical biosensors scanned over cancer cells and tumor tissue to visualize the metabolic characteristics of a tumor is attractive but very challenging due to the limited oxygen availability in the hypoxic environments of tumors that impedes the reliable applicability of glucose oxidase-based glucose micro-biosensors. Herein, the development and application of a new glucose micro-biosensor is presented that can be reliably operated under hypoxic conditions. The micro-biosensor is fabricated in a one-step synthesis by entrapping during the electrochemically driven growth of a polymeric matrix on a platinum microelectrode glucose oxidase and a catalytically active Prussian blue type aggregate and mediator. The as-obtained functionalization improves significantly the sensitivity of the developed micro-biosensor for glucose detection under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions. By using the micro-biosensor as non-invasive sensing probe in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), the glucose uptake by a breast metastatic adenocarcinoma cell line, with an epithelial morphology, is measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Zio
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maila Becconi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nano-Electrochemical Characterization of a 3D Bioprinted Cervical Tumor Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041327. [PMID: 36831668 PMCID: PMC9954750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer research is limited by the availability of reliable in vivo and in vitro models that are able to reproduce the fundamental hallmarks of cancer. Animal experimentation is of paramount importance in the progress of research, but it is becoming more evident that it has several limitations due to the numerous differences between animal tissues and real, in vivo human tissues. 3D bioprinting techniques have become an attractive tool for many basic and applied research fields. Concerning cancer, this technology has enabled the development of three-dimensional in vitro tumor models that recreate the characteristics of real tissues and look extremely promising for studying cancer cell biology. As 3D bioprinting is a relatively recently developed technique, there is still a lack of characterization of the chemical cellular microenvironment of 3D bioprinted constructs. In this work, we fabricated a cervical tumor model obtained by 3D bioprinting of HeLa cells in an alginate-based matrix. Characterization of the spheroid population obtained as a function of culturing time was performed by phase-contrast and confocal fluorescence microscopies. Scanning electrochemical microscopy and platinum nanoelectrodes were employed to characterize oxygen concentrations-a fundamental characteristic of the cellular microenvironment-with a high spatial resolution within the 3D bioprinted cervical tumor model; we also demonstrated that the diffusion of a molecular model of drugs in the 3D bioprinted construct, in which the spheroids were embedded, could be measured quantitatively over time using scanning electrochemical microscopy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Skaanvik SA, Stephens LI, Gateman SM, Geissler M, Mauzeroll J. Quantitative Feedback Referencing for Improved Kinetic Fitting of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Measurements. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13852-13859. [PMID: 36166706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has matured as a technique for studying local electrochemical processes. The feedback mode is most commonly used for extracting quantitative kinetic information. However, approaching individual regions of interest, as is commonly done, does not take full advantage of the spatial resolution that SECM has to offer. Moreover, fitting of experimental approach curves remains highly subjective due to the manner of estimating the tip-to-substrate distance. We address these issues using negative or positive feedback currents as a reference to calculate the tip-to-substrate distance directly for quantitative kinetic fitting of approach curves and line profiles. The method was first evaluated by fitting simulated data and then tested experimentally by resolving negative feedback and intermediate kinetics behavior in a spatially controlled fashion using (i) a flat, binary substrate composed of Au and SiO2 segments and (ii) a dual-mediator system for live-cell measurements. The methodology developed herein, named quantitative feedback referencing (QFR), improves fitting accuracy, removes fitting subjectivity, and avoids substrate-microelectrode contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Irene Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Geissler
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuermanbayi S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang L, Yang J, Zhou Y, Xu F, Li F. In situ monitoring of functional activity of extracellular matrix stiffness-dependent multidrug resistance protein 1 using scanning electrochemical microscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10349-10360. [PMID: 36277620 PMCID: PMC9473519 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness affects the drug resistance behavior of cancer cells, while multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) on the cell membrane confers treatment resistance via actively transporting drugs out of cancer cells. However, the relationship between ECM stiffness and MRP1 functional activity in cancer cells remains elusive, mainly due to the technical challenge of in situ monitoring. Herein, we engineered in vitro cancer cell models using breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) as the reprehensive cells on polyacrylamide (PA) gels with three stiffness, mimicking different developmental stages of cancer. We in situ characterized the functional activity of MRP1 and investigated the effect of ECM stiffness on MRP1 of cancer cells before and after vincristine treatment using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH) as the redox mediator and endogenous glutathione (GSH) as the indicator. The SECM results show that the functional activity of MRP1 is enhanced with increasing ECM stiffness, and the MRP1-mediated vincristine efflux activity of MCF-7 cells is more affected by ECM stiffness than that of MDA-MB-231 cells. This work, for the first time, applied SECM to in situ and quantitatively monitor the functional activity of MRP1 in cancer cells in different tumor mechanical microenvironments, which could help to elucidate the mechanism of matrix stiffness-dependent drug resistance behavior in cancer cells. SECM using FcCOOH as the redox mediator and endogenous GSH as the indicator was employed to investigate the effect of extracellular matrix stiffness on the functional activity of MRP1 in cancer cells in situ.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuake Kuermanbayi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lang J, Li Y, Ye Z, Yang Y, Xu F, Huang G, Zhang J, Li F. Investigating the Effect of Substrate Stiffness on the Redox State of Cardiac Fibroblasts Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5797-5804. [PMID: 33797232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, in which cardiac fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts, leads to oversecretion of the extracellular matrix, results in increased stiffness, and facilitates disequilibrium of cellular redox state, further leading to oxidative stress and various degrees of cell death. However, the relationship between the matrix stiffness and the redox status of cardiac fibroblasts remains unclear. In this work, we constructed an in vitro cardiac fibrosis model by culturing cardiac fibroblasts on polyacrylamide gels with tunable stiffness and characterized the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin. We then applied scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with a depth scan mode to in situ and quantitatively assess the redox status by monitoring the glutathione (GSH) efflux rate (k) through the redox reaction between GSH (a typical indicator of cellular redox level) released from cardiac fibroblasts and SECM probe-oxidized ferrocenecarboxylic acid ([FcCOOH]+). The SECM results demonstrate that the GSH efflux from the cardiac fibroblasts decreased with increasing substrate stiffness (i.e., mimicking the increased fibrosis degree), indicating that a more oxidizing microenvironment facilitates the cell differentiation and GSH may serve as a biomarker to predict the degree of cardiac fibrosis. This work provides an SECM approach to quantify the redox state of cardiac fibroblasts by recording the GSH efflux rate. In addition, the newly established relationship between the redox balance and the substrate stiffness would help to better understand the redox state of cardiac fibroblasts during cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Lang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yabei Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yaowei Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borghese R, Malferrari M, Brucale M, Ortolani L, Franchini M, Rapino S, Borsetti F, Zannoni D. Structural and electrochemical characterization of lawsone-dependent production of tellurium-metal nanoprecipitates by photosynthetic cells of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Abdel Aziz I, Malferrari M, Roggiani F, Tullii G, Rapino S, Antognazza MR. Light-Triggered Electron Transfer between a Conjugated Polymer and Cytochrome C for Optical Modulation of Redox Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101091. [PMID: 32438318 PMCID: PMC7240120 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein reduction/oxidation processes trigger and finely regulate a myriad of physiological and pathological cellular functions. Many biochemical and biophysical stimuli have been recently explored to precisely and effectively modulate intracellular redox signaling, due to the considerable therapeutic potential. Here, we propose a first step toward an approach based on visible light excitation of a thiophene-based semiconducting polymer (P3HT), demonstrating the realization of a hybrid interface with the Cytochrome c protein (CytC), in an extracellular environment. By means of scanning electrochemical microscopy and spectro-electrochemistry measurements, we demonstrate that, upon optical stimulation, a functional interaction between P3HT and CytC is established. Polymer optical excitation locally triggers photoelectrochemical reactions, leading to modulation of CytC redox activity, either through an intermediate step, involving reactive oxygen species formation, or via a direct photoreduction process. Both processes are triggered by light, thus allowing excellent spatiotemporal resolution, paving the way to precise modulation of protein redox signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Roggiani
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Lang J, Ye Z, Wang M, Yang Y, Guo X, Zhuang J, Zhang J, Xu F, Li F. Effect of Substrate Stiffness on Redox State of Single Cardiomyocyte: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4771-4779. [PMID: 32157867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of the phenotype and function of cardiac cells, which are strongly associated with the intracellular redox mechanism of cardiomyocytes. However, the relationship between the redox state of cardiomyocytes and their mechanical microenvironment remains elusive. In this work, we used polyacrylamide (PA) gels with varying stiffness (6.5-92.5 kPa) as the substrate to construct a mechanical microenvironment for cardiomyocytes. Then we employed scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to in situ characterize the redox state of a single cardiomyocyte in terms of the apparent rate constant (kf) of the regeneration rate of ferrocenecarboxylic by glutathione (GSH) released from cardiomyocyte, which is the most abundant reactant of intracellular reductive-oxidative metabolic cycles in cells and can represent the redox level of cardiomyocytes. The obtained SECM results show that the cardiomyocytes cultured on the stiffer substrates present lower kf values than those on the softer ones, that is, the more oxidative state of cardiomyocytes on the stiffer substrates compared to those on the softer ones. It proves the relationship between mechanical factors and the redox state of cardiomyocytes. This work can contribute to understanding the intracellular chemical process of cardiomyocytes during physiopathologic conditions. Besides, it also provides a new SECM method to in situ investigate the redox mechanism of cardiomyocytes at a single-cell level.
Collapse
|
11
|
Darvishi S, Pick H, Lin TE, Zhu Y, Li X, Ho PC, Girault HH, Lesch A. Tape-Stripping Electrochemical Detection of Melanoma. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12900-12908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Darvishi
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yingdi Zhu
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, IT-40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruggeri I, Arbizzani C, Rapino S, Soavi F. Oxygen Redox Reaction in Ionic Liquid and Ionic Liquid-like Based Electrolytes: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3333-3338. [PMID: 31141369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the stability of the cathode interface is one of the critical issues for the development of high-performance Li/O2 batteries. The most critical feature to address is the development of electrolytes that mitigate side reactions that bring about cathode passivation. It is well-known that the superoxide anion (O2•-) plays a critical role. Here, we propose scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as an analytical tool to screen the electrolyte of Li/O2 batteries. We demonstrate that by using SECM it is possible to evaluate the stability of O2•- and of the cathode to the passivation process occurring during the oxygen redox reaction. Specifically, we report a study carried out at a glassy carbon electrode in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether with LiTFSI, the latter ranging from the salt-in-solvent to solvent-in-salt regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Catia Arbizzani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesca Soavi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Electrochemical monitoring of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and redox balance in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4365-4374. [PMID: 31011787 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell redox balance are of great interest in live cells as they are correlated to several pathological and physiological conditions of living cells. ROS and RNS detection is limited due to their spatially restricted abundance: they are usually located in sub-cellular areas (e.g., in specific organelles) at low concentration. In this work, we will review and highlight the electrochemical approach to this bio-analytical issue. Combining electrochemical methods and miniaturization strategies, specific, highly sensitive, time, and spatially resolved measurements of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance analysis are possible. Graphical abstract In this work, we highlight and review the use of electrochemistry for the highly spatial and temporal resolved detection of ROS/RNS levels and of redox balance in living cells. These levels are central in several pathological and physiological conditions and the electrochemical approach is a vibrant bio-analytical trend in this field.
Collapse
|
14
|
Malferrari M, Ghelli A, Roggiani F, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Rugolo M, Rapino S. Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Mutated Mitochondrial Respiratory Chains of Entire Cells Monitored Using Modified Microelectrodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Bologna Via F. Selmi 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Roggiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Michela Rugolo
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Bologna Via F. Selmi 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neves MMPDS, Martín-Yerga D. Advanced Nanoscale Approaches to Single-(Bio)entity Sensing and Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E100. [PMID: 30373209 PMCID: PMC6316691 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individual (bio)chemical entities could show a very heterogeneous behaviour under the same conditions that could be relevant in many biological processes of significance in the life sciences. Conventional detection approaches are only able to detect the average response of an ensemble of entities and assume that all entities are identical. From this perspective, important information about the heterogeneities or rare (stochastic) events happening in individual entities would remain unseen. Some nanoscale tools present interesting physicochemical properties that enable the possibility to detect systems at the single-entity level, acquiring richer information than conventional methods. In this review, we introduce the foundations and the latest advances of several nanoscale approaches to sensing and imaging individual (bio)entities using nanoprobes, nanopores, nanoimpacts, nanoplasmonics and nanomachines. Several (bio)entities such as cells, proteins, nucleic acids, vesicles and viruses are specifically considered. These nanoscale approaches provide a wide and complete toolbox for the study of many biological systems at the single-entity level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mareev S, Butylskii D, Pismenskaya N, Larchet C, Dammak L, Nikonenko V. Geometric heterogeneity of homogeneous ion-exchange Neosepta membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Bartolini L, Malferrari M, Lugli F, Zerbetto F, Paolucci F, Pelicci PG, Albonetti C, Rapino S. Interaction of Single Cells with 2D Organic Monolayers: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bartolini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Lugli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-OncologyUniversity of Milan Via Santa Sofia 9 20122 Milan Italy
| | - Cristiano Albonetti
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)National Research Council (CNR) Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin TE, Rapino S, Girault HH, Lesch A. Electrochemical imaging of cells and tissues. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4546-4554. [PMID: 29899947 PMCID: PMC5969511 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This minireview summarizes the recent achievements of electrochemical imaging platforms to map cellular functions in biological specimens using electrochemical scanning nano/micro-probe microscopy and 2D chips containing microelectrode arrays.
The technological and experimental progress in electrochemical imaging of biological specimens is discussed with a view on potential applications for skin cancer diagnostics, reproductive medicine and microbial testing. The electrochemical analysis of single cell activity inside cell cultures, 3D cellular aggregates and microtissues is based on the selective detection of electroactive species involved in biological functions. Electrochemical imaging strategies, based on nano/micrometric probes scanning over the sample and sensor array chips, respectively, can be made sensitive and selective without being affected by optical interference as many other microscopy techniques. The recent developments in microfabrication, electronics and cell culturing/tissue engineering have evolved in affordable and fast-sampling electrochemical imaging platforms. We believe that the topics discussed herein demonstrate the applicability of electrochemical imaging devices in many areas related to cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Chemistry Department "Giacomo Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin TE, Lu YJ, Sun CL, Pick H, Chen JP, Lesch A, Girault HH. Weiche elektrochemische Sonden zum Abbilden der Verteilung von Biomarkern und injizierten Nanomaterialien in tierischem und menschlichem Gewebe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL Valais Wallis; 1951 Sitten Schweiz
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Guishan Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Guishan Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Guishan Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Chang Gung University; Guishan Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Horst Pick
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry of Macromolecules; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL; 1015 Lausanne Schweiz
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Chang Gung University; Guishan Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Guishan Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL Valais Wallis; 1951 Sitten Schweiz
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL Valais Wallis; 1951 Sitten Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Izquierdo J, Knittel P, Kranz C. Scanning electrochemical microscopy: an analytical perspective. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:307-324. [PMID: 29214533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has evolved from an electrochemical specialist tool to a broadly used electroanalytical surface technique, which has experienced exciting developments for nanoscale electrochemical studies in recent years. Several companies now offer commercial instruments, and SECM has been used in a broad range of applications. SECM research is frequently interdisciplinary, bridging areas ranging from electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and materials science to biomedical research. Although SECM is considered a modern electroanalytical technique, it appears that less attention is paid to so-called analytical figures of merit, which are essential also in electroanalytical chemistry. Besides instrumental developments, this review focuses on aspects such as reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of SECM data. The review is intended to spark discussion within the community on this topic, but also to raise awareness of the challenges faced during the evaluation of quantitative SECM data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Tullastraße 72, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin TE, Lu YJ, Sun CL, Pick H, Chen JP, Lesch A, Girault HH. Soft Electrochemical Probes for Mapping the Distribution of Biomarkers and Injected Nanomaterials in Animal and Human Tissues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16498-16502. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL Valais Wallis; 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Guishan Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Guishan Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Guishan Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Chang Gung University; Guishan Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Horst Pick
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry of Macromolecules; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Chang Gung University; Guishan Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Guishan Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL Valais Wallis; 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL Valais Wallis; 1951 Sion Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Valenti G, Scarabino S, Goudeau B, Lesch A, Jović M, Villani E, Sentic M, Rapino S, Arbault S, Paolucci F, Sojic N. Single Cell Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: From the Proof-of-Concept to Disposable Device-Based Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16830-16837. [PMID: 29064235 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the development of coreactant-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) as a surface-confined microscopy to image single cells and their membrane proteins. Labeling the entire cell membrane allows one to demonstrate that, by contrast with fluorescence, ECL emission is only detected from fluorophores located in the immediate vicinity of the electrode surface (i.e., 1-2 μm). Then, to present the potential diagnostic applications of our approach, we selected carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based inkjet-printed disposable electrodes for the direct ECL imaging of a labeled plasma receptor overexpressed on tumor cells. The ECL fluorophore was linked to an antibody and enabled to localize the ECL generation on the cancer cell membrane in close proximity to the electrode surface. Such a result is intrinsically associated with the unique ECL mechanism and is rationalized by considering the limited lifetimes of the electrogenerated coreactant radicals. The electrochemical stimulus used for luminescence generation does not suffer from background signals, such as the typical autofluorescence of biological samples. The presented surface-confined ECL microscopy should find promising applications in ultrasensitive single cell imaging assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Scarabino
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, EPFL Valais Wallis , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CP 440, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, EPFL Valais Wallis , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CP 440, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Elena Villani
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milica Sentic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,ICMATE-CNR Bologna Associate Unit, University of Bologna , via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soldà A, Valenti G, Marcaccio M, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Paolucci F, Rapino S. Glucose and Lactate Miniaturized Biosensors for SECM-Based High-Spatial Resolution Analysis: A Comparative Study. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1310-1318. [PMID: 28836760 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of developing miniaturized enzymatic biosensors suitable for in vitro diagnostic applications, such as monitoring of metabolites at single cell level, glucose and lactate biosensors were fabricated by immobilizing enzymes (glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase, respectively) on 10 μm Pt ultramicroelectrodes. These electrodes are meant to be employed as probes for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), which is a unique technique for high-spatial-resolution electrochemical-based analysis. The use of enzymatic moieties improves sensitivity, time scale response, and information content of the microprobes; however, protein immobilization is a key step in the biosensor preparation that greatly affects the overall performance. A crucial aspect is the miniaturization of the sensing, preserving their sensitivity. In this work, we investigated the most common enzyme immobilization techniques. Several fabrication routes are reported and the main figures of merit, such as sensitivity, detection limit, response time, reproducibility, spatial resolution, biosensor efficiency, permeability, selectivity, and the ability to block electro-active interfering species, are investigated and compared. With the intent of using the microprobes for in vitro functional imaging of single living cells, we carefully evaluate the spatial resolution achieved by our modified electrodes on 2D SECM imaging. Metabolic activity of single MCF10A cells were obtained by monitoring the glucose concentrations in close proximity of single living cell, using the UME-based biosensor probes prepared. A voltage-switch approach was implemented to disentangle the topographical contribution of the cells enabling quantitative measurements of cellular uptakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Soldà
- Chemistry
Department “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Experimental
Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Chemistry
Department “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Chemistry
Department “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Experimental
Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Experimental
Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Chemistry
Department “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Chemistry
Department “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Experimental
Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Measurement of ion fluxes across epithelia. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 127:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
25
|
Lin TE, Lesch A, Li CL, Girault HH. Mapping the antioxidant activity of apple peels with soft probe scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
26
|
Bondarenko A, Lin TE, Stupar P, Lesch A, Cortés-Salazar F, Girault HH, Pick H. Fixation and Permeabilization Approaches for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Living Cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11436-11443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bondarenko
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Petar Stupar
- Laboratory of the
Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Laboratory of
Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bigi A, Beltrami E, Trinei M, Stendardo M, Pelicci PG, Giorgio M. Cyclophilin D counteracts P53-mediated growth arrest and promotes Ras tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5132-43. [PMID: 26973251 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial alterations induced by oncogenes are known to be crucial for tumorigenesis. Ras oncogene leads to proliferative signals through a Raf-1/MEK/ERK kinase cascade, whose components have been found to be also associated with mitochondria. The mitochondrial pepdidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin D (CypD) is an important regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition and a key player in mitochondria physiology; however, its role in cancer is still unclear. Using cellular and in vivo mouse models, we demonstrated that CypD protein upregulation induced by oncogenic Ras through the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway has a deterministic role in tumor progression. In fact, targeting CypD gene expression clearly affected RasV12-induced transformation, as showed by in vitro data on murine NIH3T3 and human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. In addition, studies in xenograft and K-Ras lung cancer mouse models demonstrated that genetic deletion or pharmacological suppression of CypD efficiently prevented Ras-dependent tumor formation. Furthermore, Erbb2-mediated breast tumorigenesis was similarly prevented by targeting CypD. From a mechanistic point of view, CypD expression was associated with a reduced induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53 functions, unraveling an antagonistic function of CypD on p21-p53-mediated growth suppression. CypD activity is p53 dependent. Interestingly, a physical association between p53 and CypD was detected in mitochondria of MCF10A cells; furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies proved that CypD inhibitor-based treatment was able to efficiently impair this interaction, leading to a tumor formation reduction. All together, these findings indicate that the countering effect of CypD on the p53-p21 pathway participates in oncogene-dependent transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bigi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Beltrami
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Trinei
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Stendardo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Z, Liu Y, Kim E, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Electrochemical Probing through a Redox Capacitor To Acquire Chemical Information on Biothiols. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7213-21. [PMID: 27385047 PMCID: PMC4962791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
acquisition of chemical information is a critical need for
medical diagnostics, food/environmental monitoring, and national security.
Here, we report an electrochemical information processing approach
that integrates (i) complex electrical inputs/outputs, (ii) mediators
to transduce the electrical I/O into redox signals that can actively
probe the chemical environment, and (iii) a redox capacitor that manipulates
signals for information extraction. We demonstrate the capabilities
of this chemical information processing strategy using biothiols because
of the emerging importance of these molecules in medicine and because
their distinct chemical properties allow evaluation of hypothesis-driven
information probing. We show that input sequences can be tailored
to probe for chemical information both qualitatively (step inputs
probe for thiol-specific signatures) and quantitatively. Specifically,
we observed picomolar limits of detection and linear responses to
concentrations over 5 orders of magnitude (1 pM–0.1 μM).
This approach allows the capabilities of signal processing to be extended
for rapid, robust, and on-site analysis of chemical information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin TE, Bondarenko A, Lesch A, Pick H, Cortés-Salazar F, Girault HH. Untersuchung der Tyrosinase-Expression in nicht-metastatischen und metastatischen Melanomgeweben durch elektrochemische Rastersondenmikroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Schweiz
| | - Alexandra Bondarenko
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Schweiz
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Schweiz
| | - Horst Pick
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; CH-1015 Lausanne Schweiz
| | - Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Schweiz
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lin TE, Bondarenko A, Lesch A, Pick H, Cortés-Salazar F, Girault HH. Monitoring Tyrosinase Expression in Non-metastatic and Metastatic Melanoma Tissues by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3813-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Bondarenko
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Valais Wallis; CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|