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Júnior FEB, Marin BT, Mira L, Fernandes CHM, Fortunato GV, Almeida MO, Honório KM, Colombo R, de Siervo A, Lanza MRV, Barros WRP. Monitoring Photo-Fenton and Photo-Electro-Fenton process of contaminants emerging concern by a gas diffusion electrode using Ca 10-xFe x-yW y(PO 4) 6(OH) 2 nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142515. [PMID: 38830460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic performance of modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, Ca10-xFex-yWy(PO4)6(OH)2, was applied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), fast green FCF (FG) and norfloxacin (NOR). XPS analysis pointed to the successful partial replacement of Ca by Fe. Under photo-electro-Fenton process, the catalyst Ca4FeII1·92W0·08FeIII4(PO4)6(OH)2 was combined with UVC radiation and electrogenerated H2O2 in a Printex L6 carbon-based gas diffusion electrode. The application of only 10 mA cm-2 resulted in 100% discoloration of MB and FG dyes in 50 min of treatment at pH 2.5, 7.0 and 9.0. The proposed treatment mechanism yielded maximum TOC removal of ∼80% and high mineralization current efficiency of ∼64%. Complete degradation of NOR was obtained in 40 min, and high mineralization of ∼86% was recorded after 240 min of treatment. Responses obtained from LC-ESI-MS/MS are in line with the theoretical Fukui indices and the ECOSAR data. The study enabled us to predict the main degradation route and the acute and chronic toxicity of the by-products formed during the contaminants degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto E B Júnior
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology - FACET, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Dourados,MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Marin
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Leticia Mira
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Carlos H M Fernandes
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Fortunato
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Michell O Almeida
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Kathia M Honório
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo - EACH-USP, Rua Arlindo Béttio 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Colombo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo - EACH-USP, Rua Arlindo Béttio 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Campinas Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Instiute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Willyam R P Barros
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology - FACET, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Dourados,MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
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Hakizimana I, Zhao X, Wang C, Zhang C. Efficient multi-stage electrochemical flow-through system for refractory organic pollutant treatment: Kinetics, mass transfer, and thermodynamic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140405. [PMID: 37827465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving the kinetics rate and mass transfer is essential for expanding the potential of electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment. The electrochemical flow-through configuration promises a high oxidation efficiency and low energy consumption. We aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the enhanced kinetics, mass transfer, and thermodynamic parameters during the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) in a multi-stage flow-through (MSFT) system using porous Ti-ENTA/SnO2-Sb anodes. All operating conditions strongly influenced the kinetics of AMX degradation and followed pseudo-first-order rate kinetic model (R2 > 0.85), with the highest kobs of 0.228 min-1 at high temperature (318 K). In comparison to the flow-by mode, the AMX removal rate in the three-stage flow-through mode was greatly enhanced by 70%, exhibiting the superior capacity of a porous anode. This system exhibited outstanding performance regarding the high kinetics rate and mass transfer rate (km), which increased by factors of 3.46 and 10.74, respectively, obtained in the flow-by mode. It also revealed that •OH generation was 5.64 times higher, and the EE/O was 19.89-fold lower than those in flow-by mode. Temperature plays a vital role in the reaction process, and thermodynamic features found the positive enthalpy (ΔHo) of +27.06 kJ mol-1, signifying the process was endothermic. A Hatta number (Ha) of >0.02 at all temperatures proved this finding, confirming an undeniable role in mass transfer. Finally, these findings reveal the system's performance and offer the possibility of establishing a multi-stage flow-through for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hakizimana
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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3
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Chen M, Li M, Li P, Lee SLJ, Tang J, Li Q, Lin S. Enhanced visible light-driven photodegradation of tetracycline by salicylic acid-modified graphitic carbon nitride and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90768-90778. [PMID: 35876997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tetracycline (TC) in water has led to serious concern. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts were produced via copolymerization of mono-benzene ring-mediated precursors (urea, melamine, and dicyandiamide) involving salicylic acid (SA) for TC degradation. The SA-modified g-C3N4 samples showed improved visible light absorbance, transfer and separation of photogenerated electrons, and prospective photocatalytic application in TC degradation. As a result, the optimal SA-modified g-C3N4 (2 wt% of SA) using urea (CNU-SA-2) showed 2 times higher TC degradation than that of pristine g-C3N4. The process of TC degradation was evaluated by the reduction of antibacterial activity and extensively studied by varying the types of TC, initial pH values, co-existing anions, and natural organic materials. In addition, the catalyst could be reused for at least four cycles, indicating good reusability. The main active species were revealed to be h+ and ·O2- by scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance. The CNU-SA-2 photocatalyst and TC intermediates during degradation had no adverse impact on zebrafish embryos. This work could provide a design strategy and a perspective on the practical application of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Murrieta MF, Brillas E, Nava JL, Sirés I. Solar photoelectro-Fenton-like process with anodically-generated HClO in a flow reactor: Norfloxacin as a pollutant with a particular structure. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Balu S, Chuaicham C, Balakumar V, Rajendran S, Sasaki K, Sekar K, Maruthapillai A. Recent development on core-shell photo(electro)catalysts for elimination of organic compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134311. [PMID: 35307392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical organics are a vital milestone in contemporary human research since they treat various diseases and improve the quality of human life. However, these organic compounds are considered one of the major environmental hazards after the conception, along with the massive rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in an ecosystem. There are various biological and catalytic technologies existed to eliminate these organics in aqueous system with their limitation. Advanced Oxidation processes (AOPs) are used to decompose these pharmaceutical organic compounds in the wastewater by generating reactive species with high oxidation potential. This review focused various photocatalysts, and photocatalytic oxidation processes, especially core-shell materials for photo (electro)catalytic application in pharmaceutical wastewater decomposition. Moreover, we discussed in details about the design and recent developments of core shell catalysts and comparison for photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photo electrocatalytic applications in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. In addition, the mixture of inorganic and organic core-shell materials, and metal-organic framework-based core-shell catalysts discussed in detail for antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Balu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Chitiphon Chuaicham
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vellaichamy Balakumar
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arthanareeswari Maruthapillai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Segalin J, Arsand JB, Jank L, Schwalm CS, Streit L, Pizzolato TM. In silico toxicity evaluation for transformation products of antimicrobials, from aqueous photolysis degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154109. [PMID: 35247405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates degradation processes of three antimicrobials in water (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole) by photolysis, focusing on the prediction of toxicity endpoints via in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of their transformation products (TPs). Photolysis experiments were conducted in distilled water with individual solutions at 10 mg L-1 for each compound. Identification of TPs was performed by means of LC-TOF-MS, employing a method based on retention time, exact mass fragmentation pattern, and peak intensity. Ten main compounds were identified for sulfamethoxazole, fifteen for ciprofloxacin, and fifteen for norfloxacin. Out of 40 identified TPs, 6 have not been reported in the literature. Based on new data found in this work, and TPs already reported in the literature, we have proposed degradation pathways for all three antimicrobials, providing reasoning for the identified TPs. QSAR risk assessment was carried out for 74 structures of possible isomers. QSAR predictions showed that all 19 possible structures of sulfamethoxazole TPs are non-mutagenic, whereas 16 are toxicant, 18 carcinogenic, and 14 non-readily biodegradable. For ciprofloxacin, 28 out of the 30 possible structures for the TPs are mutagenic and non-readily biodegradable, and all structures are toxicant and carcinogenic. All 25 possible norfloxacin TPs were predicted mutagenic, toxicant, carcinogenic, and non-readily biodegradable. Results obtained from in silico QSAR models evince the need of performing risk assessment for TPs as well as for the parent antimicrobial. An expert analysis of QSAR predictions using different models and degradation pathways is imperative, for a large variety of structures was found for the TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Segalin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bazzan Arsand
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Louise Jank
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Estr. Retiro da Ponta Grossa 3036, 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Storck Schwalm
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados/Itahum, km 12, PC 364, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Livia Streit
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Mara Pizzolato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mora-Gómez J, Escribá-Jiménez S, Carrillo-Abad J, García-Gabaldón M, Montañés MT, Mestre S, Pérez-Herranz V. Study of the chlorfenvinphos pesticide removal under different anodic materials and different reactor configuration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133294. [PMID: 34919908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript focuses on the study of the electrochemical oxidation of the insecticide Chlorfenvinphos (CVP). The assays were carried out under galvanostatic conditions using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and low-cost tin dioxide doped with antimony (Sb-doped SnO2) as anodes. The influence of the operating variables, such as applied current density, presence or absence of a cation-exchange membrane and concentration of supporting electrolyte, was discussed. The results revealed that the higher applied current density the higher degradation and mineralization of the insecticide for both anodes. The presence of the membrane and the highest concentration of Na2SO4 studied (0.1 M) as a supporting electrolyte benefited the oxidation process of CVP using the BDD electrode, while with the ceramic anode the elimination of CVP was lower under these experimental conditions. Although the BDD electrode showed the best performance, ceramic anodes appear as an interesting alternative as they were able to degrade CVP completely for the highest applied current density values. Toxicity tests revealed that the initial solution of CVP was more toxic than the samples treated with the ceramic electrode, while using the BDD electrode the toxicity of the sample increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mora-Gómez
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - S Escribá-Jiménez
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - J Carrillo-Abad
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - M García-Gabaldón
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain.
| | - M T Montañés
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - S Mestre
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Herranz
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
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8
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Use of a turbulence promoter in an electrochemical filter-press reactor: Consolidated evidence of significant enhancement of organics mass transport and degradation rates. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Wang X, Li F, Hu X, Hua T. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes coupled with membrane filtration for degrading antibiotic residues: A review on its potential applications, advances, and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:146912. [PMID: 33901964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution is mainly caused by aquaculture wastewater and pharmaceuticals, which are frequently used by humans. Due to limited treatment efficiency or improper selection of treatment methods, these antibiotic residues may be very harmful in human drinking water and aquatic environments. The EAOPs coupling membrane technology (EAOPs-membrane) can play their own advantages, which can significantly improve the degradation efficiency and alleviate membrane pollution (electrochemical manners). In this context, this review mainly collecting researches and information on EAOPs-membrane treatment of antibiotic pollution published between 2012 and 2020. Discussed the different combinations of these two technologies, the mechanism of them in the system to improve the processing efficiency, prolong the working time, and stabilize the system structure. Mainly due to the synergistic effect of electrochemical behavior such as electric repulsion and in-situ oxidation, the membrane fouling in the system is alleviated. In this review it was summarized that the selection of different membrane electrode materials and their modifications. The paper also elaborates the existing challenges facing the EAOPs-membrane methods for antibiotic pollution treatment, and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environmental, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environmental, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tao Hua
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environmental, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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10
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Recent Trends in Pharmaceuticals Removal from Water Using Electrochemical Oxidation Processes. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the research on the environmental applications of electrochemistry to remove recalcitrant and priority pollutants and, in particular, drugs from the aqueous phase has increased dramatically. This literature review summarizes the applications of electrochemical oxidation in recent years to decompose pharmaceuticals that are often detected in environmental samples such as carbamazapine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, etc. Similar to most physicochemical processes, efficiency depends on many operating parameters, while the combination with either biological or other physicochemical methods seems particularly attractive. In addition, various strategies such as using three-dimensional electrodes or the electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to overcome the disadvantages of electrochemical oxidation. Finally, some guidelines are proposed for future research into the applications of environmental electrochemistry for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds and micropollutants from environmental matrices. The main goal of the present review paper is to facilitate future researchers to design their experiments concerning the electrochemical oxidation processes for the degradation of micropollutants/emerging contaminants, especially, some specific drugs considering, also, the existing limitations of each process.
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11
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Fernandes CHM, Silva BF, Aquino JM. On the performance of distinct electrochemical and solar-based advanced oxidation processes to mineralize the insecticide imidacloprid. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130010. [PMID: 33676275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination by contaminants of emerging concern is one of the main challenges to be solved by our desired sustainable society. In the same time, different technologies for water treatment are becoming enough mature to be implemented. In this work, two different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) were investigated: i) electrochemical processes (electrochemical, photoassisted electrochemical, electro Fered-Fenton, and photo-electro Fered-Fenton - PEF-Fered) using a BDD and DSA® electrodes under UVA and UVC irradiation (9 W) and ii) solar-based AOP using four distinct oxidants (HOCl, H2O2, S2O82-, HSO5-) in the presence or absence of Fe2+ ions to oxidize and mineralize imidacloprid (IMD: 50 mg L-1) containing solutions. The PEF-Fered (1.0 mM Fe2+ and 50 mg L-1 h-1 H2O2) under UVA or UVC irradiation and HOCl/UVC (NaCl 17 mM) processes using a BDD and DSA® electrodes (10 mA cm -2), respectively, performed equally well to completely oxidize and mineralize (∼90%) IMD at the expense of only ∼0.3 kWh g-1. Low amounts and highly oxidized byproducts identified through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were observed for the HOCl/UVC process using a DSA® electrode. Concerning the solar-based AOP, all assessed oxidants (4 mM h-1) successfully oxidized IMD within 3 h of treatment, whereas only H2O2 and HOCl led to significant (∼60%) TOC abatement after 6 h treatment. The use of Fe2+ (0.5 or 1.0 mM) had no significant improvement in the oxidation and mineralization of IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H M Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Química, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Analítica, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Química, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Qiu H, Fan P, Li X, Hou G. Electrochemical degradation of DCF by boron-doped diamond anode: degradation mechanism, pathways and influencing factors. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:431-444. [PMID: 34312349 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely detected in wastewater and surface water, indicating that the removal of NSAIDs by wastewater treatment plants was not efficient. Electrochemical advanced oxidation technology is considered to be an effective process. This study presents an investigation of the kinetics, mechanism, and influencing factors of diclofenac (DCF) degradation by an electrochemical process with boron-doped diamond anodes. Relative operating parameters and water quality parameters are examined. It appears that the degradation follows the pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics. DCF degradation was accelerated with the increase of pH from 6 to 10. The degradation was promoted by the addition of electrolyte concentrations and current density. Humic acid and bicarbonate significantly inhibited the degradation, whereas chloride accelerated it. According to the quenching tests, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals contributed 76.5% and 6.5%, respectively, to the degradation. Sodium sulfate remains a more effective electrolyte, compared to sodium nitrate and sodium phosphate, suggesting the quenching effect of nitrate and phosphate on •OH. Major DCF transformation products were identified. According to the degradation products detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, hydroxylation and decarboxylation are the main pathways of DCF degradation; while dechlorination, chlorination, and nitro substitution are also included in this electrochemical degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Qiu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument and Equipment Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; School of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Pingping Fan
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument and Equipment Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; School of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument and Equipment Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; School of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Guangli Hou
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument and Equipment Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; School of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China
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13
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Gao J, Chen Y, Li J, Yu Y, Wang J, Pang T, Qi Y, Shang J, Liao Q. Electrolysis-sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed-biological contact oxidation reactor for Norfloxacin removal from wastewater with high sulfate content. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110455. [PMID: 33212131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the treatment of 100-mg/L Norfloxacin (NOR) wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate through a combination of electrolysis, sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB), and biological contact oxidation reactor (BCOR) treatments. Results revealed that after 62 h, the reaction system had processed over 97% of the NOR. Additionally, electrolysis with sodium sulfate as the electrolyte transformed 87.8% of the NOR but only 33.5% of the total organic carbon (TOC). In the SRUSB, the TOC and SO42- contents were simultaneously reduced by 87.4% and 95.6%, respectively, providing a stable environment to the BCOR. In the BCOR, 36.3% and 85.9% of the NOR and TOC were degraded. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified three possible degradation pathways under the attack of -OH during electrolysis, including defluorination, piperazinyl ring transformation, and quinolone ring transformation. Furthermore, the Illumina HiSeq sequencing results demonstrated that the sulfate-reducing bacteria (represented by Desulfobacter and Desulfobulbus) in the SRUSB and the sulfate-oxidizing bacteria (mainly consisting of Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria) in the BCOR played important roles in carbon chain oxidation and benzene ring opening and thoroughly degraded the electrolysis products. Thus, this method effectively overcomes the incomplete degradation and low removal efficiency issues associated with single electrolysis or biological methods in traditional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Gao
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yalin Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tiantian Pang
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingge Shang
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Qianjiahua Liao
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Seibert D, Zorzo CF, Borba FH, de Souza RM, Quesada HB, Bergamasco R, Baptista AT, Inticher JJ. Occurrence, statutory guideline values and removal of contaminants of emerging concern by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141527. [PMID: 33113672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of chemical compounds are used in human activities; however, part of these compounds reach surface water, groundwater and even water considered for potable uses. Due to the limited efficiency of water treatment by the Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants, the presence of these compounds in natural and human consumption waters can be very harmful due to their high persistence and adverse effects; these characteristics define the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Water treatment by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) has been evaluated as a promising process for the removal of persistent and recalcitrant organic contaminants. With this background, the present review aims to gather studies and information published between 2015 and 2020 regarding the occurrence of CECs in surface, potable and groundwater, its treatment by EAOPs, the main operating conditions and by-product generation of EAOPs, contaminant toxicity assessments and international statutory guideline values concerning CEC standards and allowable concentrations in the environment and treated drinking water. Therefore, in this review it was found that the compounds bisphenol A (BPA), diethyltoluamide (DEET), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), carbamazepine, caffeine and atrazine were the most frequently detected in water sources, with concentrations ranging from 35.54-4800, 1.21-98, 0.005-38.5, 5-742.904, 0.0071-586, 0.89-1040, and 100-323 (ng L-1), respectively. Among the operational conditions of EAOPs, current density, pH and oxidant concentration are the main operational parameters that have an influence on these treatment technologies, besides the by-products generated, which might be removed by the integration of EAOPs with biological digestion treatments. Regarding the values of water quality standards, many CECs do not have established standard allowable concentration values, which represents a concern toward the possible toxic effects of these compounds on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila F Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando H Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata M de Souza
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Heloise B Quesada
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Aline T Baptista
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Federal Technology University of Parana - UTFPR, Via Rosalina Maria dos Santos, 1233.CEP 87301-899 - Caixa Postal: 271, Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
| | - Jonas J Inticher
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
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15
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Carneiro JF, Aquino JM, Silva BF, Silva AJ, Rocha-Filho RC. Comparing the electrochemical degradation of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin using distinct electrolytes and a BDD anode: evolution of main oxidation byproducts and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 8:104433. [PMID: 32953450 PMCID: PMC7487200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the supporting electrolytes (SEs) Na2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3, NaNO3, and Na3PO4 on the anodic oxidation of norfloxacin (NOR) and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), assessed by the respective degradation kinetics and byproducts and electrolyzed solution antimicrobial activity, are compared. Galvanostatic anodic oxidations were performed in a filter-press flow cell fitted with a boron-doped diamond anode. Removal rates higher than the theoretical one for a process purely controlled by mass transfer were found for all SEs, indicative of contribution by indirect oxidation processes. However, the removal rates for NaCl were about tenfold higher, with the lowest energy consumption per order (EC O) of targeted pollutant removal rate (ca. 0.7 kW h m-3 order-1), a very competitive performance. The TOC removal rates were also affected by the SE, but not as markedly. The antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed solutions against Escherichia coli showed distinct temporal profiles, depending on the fluoroquinolone and SE. For instance, when Na3PO4 was used, the antimicrobial activity was completely removed for NOR, but none for CIPRO; conversely, when NaCl was used, complete removal was attained only for CIPRO. From LC-MS/MS analyses of Na3PO4 electrolyzed solutions, rupture of the fluoroquinolone ring leading to byproducts with no toxicity against E. coli occurred only for NOR, whereas exactly the opposite occurred for the NaCl solutions. Clearly, the nature of both the SE and the fluoroquinolone influence the oxidation steps of the respective molecule; this was also evidenced by the distinct short-chain carboxylic acids identified in the degradation of NOR and CIPRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara F Carneiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Silva
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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16
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Freitas JM, Wachter N, Rocha-Filho RC. Determination of bisphenol S, simultaneously to bisphenol A in different water matrices or solely in electrolyzed solutions, using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 2020; 217:121041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Carrillo-Abad J, Mora-Gómez J, García-Gabaldón M, Mestre S, Pérez-Herranz V. Comparison between an electrochemical reactor with and without membrane for the nor oxidation using novel ceramic electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110710. [PMID: 32510444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of the antibiotic Norfloxacin (NOR) in chloride media on different anodic materials was studied at two different electrochemical reactors. The results were compared with those obtained in sulphate media. The anodes under study were a commercial boron-doped diamond (BBD) and two different ceramic electrodes based on tin oxide doped with antimony oxide in the presence (CuO) and absence (BCE) of copper oxide as sintering aid. The reactors employed were a one-compartment reactor (OCR) and a two-compartment one with a membrane separating both electrodes (EMR). The use of the membrane clearly enhanced both NOR degradation and TOC mineralization for all the anodic materials studied since some parallel reactions were avoided. Additionally, two different pathways for NOR oxidation were observed as a function of the reactor employed. The EMR also favoured the ionic by-products generation and the electrolyte dechlorination. NO3- increased with the oxidation power of the anode employed and it was also enhanced by the EMR use. Chloride media favours ceramic electrodes performance independently of the reactor employed as they did not generate an excess of oxidants as BDD did. The BCE electrode is an interesting alternative to BDD since although its oxidative power was lower, it presented similar current efficiency with lower energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carrillo-Abad
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - J Mora-Gómez
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - M García-Gabaldón
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - S Mestre
- Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Av.Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Herranz
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
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18
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Mora-Gómez J, García-Gabaldón M, Carrillo-Abad J, Montañés M, Mestre S, Pérez-Herranz V. Influence of the reactor configuration and the supporting electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical oxidation of Atenolol using BDD and SnO2 ceramic electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Carrillo-Abad J, Mora-Gómez J, García-Gabaldón M, Ortega E, Mestre S, Pérez-Herranz V. Effect of the CuO addition on a Sb-doped SnO 2 ceramic electrode applied to the removal of Norfloxacin in chloride media by electro-oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126178. [PMID: 32087454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin is employed as in veterinary and human medicine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Due to the ineffective treatment at the wastewater treatment plants it becomes an emergent pollutant. Electro-oxidation appears as an alternative to its effective mineralization. This work compares Norfloxacin electro-oxidation on different anodic materials: two ceramic electrodes (both based on SnO2 + Sb2O3 with and without CuO, named as CuO and BCE, respectively) and a boron doped diamond (BDD). First, the anodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, revealing that NOR direct oxidation occurred at 1.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The higher the scan rate the higher both the current density and the anodic potential of the peak. This behavior was analyzed using the Randles-Sevcik equation to calculate the Norfloxacin diffusion coefficient in aqueous media, giving a value of D = 7.80 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 at 25 °C), which is close to the predicted value obtained using the Wilke-Chang correlation. The electrolysis experiments showed that both NOR and TOC decay increased with the applied current density, presenting a pseudo-first order kinetic. All the anodes tested achieved more than 90% NOR degradation at each current density. The CuO is not a good alternative to BCE because although it acts as a catalyst during the first use, it is lost from the anode surface in the subsequent uses. According to their oxidizing power, the anodes employed are ordered as follows: BDD > BCE > CuO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carrillo-Abad
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gómez
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - M García-Gabaldón
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - E Ortega
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - S Mestre
- Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Av.Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Herranz
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
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20
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Cuprys A, Thomson P, Ouarda Y, Suresh G, Rouissi T, Kaur Brar S, Drogui P, Surampalli RY. Ciprofloxacin removal via sequential electro-oxidation and enzymatic oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121890. [PMID: 31862355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of electro-oxidation and enzymatic oxidation was tested to evaluate the potency of this system to remove ciprofloxacin (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, from water. For the electro-oxidation boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxides anodes were tested, at three current densities (4.42, 17.7 and 35.4 A/cm2). BDD anode at 35.4 A/cm2 exhibited the highest removal efficiency in the shortest time (>90 % removal in 6 min). For the enzymatic oxidation, laccase from Trametes versicolor was chosen. Laccase alone was not able to remove CIP; hence the influence of redox mediators was investigated. The addition of syringaldehyde (SA) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) resulted in enhanced CIP transformation. About 48.9±4.0 % of CIP remained after 4 h of treatment when SA-mediated laccase was applied and 87.8±6.6 % in the case of ABTS-mediated laccase. The coupling of enzymatic oxidation followed by electro-oxidation led to 73 % removal of the antibiotic. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity increased up to its original efficiency after the treatment. The combination of electro-oxidation followed by enzymatic oxidation led to 97-99 % removal of CIP. There was no antimicrobial activity of the solution after the treatment. The tests with wastewater confirmed the efficacy of the system to remove CIP from the complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cuprys
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Paisley Thomson
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Yassine Ouarda
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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21
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Recent Trends in Removal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Electrochemical Oxidation and Combined Systems. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to various potential toxicological threats to living organisms even at low concentrations, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in natural water are seen as an emerging environmental issue. The low efficiency of removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by conventional wastewater treatment plants calls for more efficient technology. Research on advanced oxidation processes has recently become a hot topic as it has been shown that these technologies can effectively oxidize most organic contaminants to inorganic carbon through mineralization. Among the advanced oxidation processes, the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and, in general, electrochemical oxidation or anodic oxidation have shown good prospects at the lab-scale for the elimination of contamination caused by the presence of residual pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aqueous systems. This paper reviewed the effectiveness of electrochemical oxidation in removing pharmaceuticals and personal care products from liquid solutions, alone or in combination with other treatment processes, in the last 10 years. Reactor designs and configurations, electrode materials, operational factors (initial concentration, supporting electrolytes, current density, temperature, pH, stirring rate, electrode spacing, and fluid velocity) were also investigated.
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22
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Montañés MT, García-Gabaldón M, Roca-Pérez L, Giner-Sanz JJ, Mora-Gómez J, Pérez-Herranz V. Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109923. [PMID: 31711779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ecotoxicological bioassays based on Lactuca sativa seeds and bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) have been carried out in order to quantify the toxicity of Norfloxacin (NOR) and sodium sulfate solutions, before and after treating them using electrochemical advanced oxidation. The effect of some process variables (anode material, reactor configuration and applied current) on the toxicity evolution of the treated solution has been studied. A NOR solution shows an EC50(5 days) of 336 mg L-1towards Lactuca sativa. This threshold NOR concentration decreases with sodium sulfate concentration, in solutions that contain simultaneously Norfloxacin and sodium sulfate. In every case considered in this work, the electrochemical advanced oxidation process increased the toxicity (towards both Lactuca sativa and Vibrio fischeri) of the solution. This toxicity increase is mainly due to the persulfate formation during the electrochemical treatment. From a final solution toxicity point of view, the best results were obtained using a BDD anode in a divided reactor applying the lowest current intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Montañés
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain.
| | - M García-Gabaldón
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - Ll Roca-Pérez
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - J J Giner-Sanz
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gómez
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Herranz
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Spain
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23
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Cornejo OM, Murrieta MF, Castañeda LF, Nava JL. Characterization of the reaction environment in flow reactors fitted with BDD electrodes for use in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: A critical review. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Liu M, Dong J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Fu D. Electrochemical mineralization of uric acid with boron-doped diamond electrode: Factor analysis and degradation mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124358. [PMID: 31330435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the mineralization performance and pathway of uric acid (UA) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes were investigated. The oxidation behavior of UA on BDD surface was firstly tested through cyclic voltammetry measurements. The individual and joint effects of four quantitative parameters (applied current density, NaHCO3 concentration, NaCl concentration and flow rate) on UA mineralization were then examined with Doehlert experimental design. The results acquired by statistical analysis revealed that NaCl concentration and applied current density displayed the most dominant roles on UA degradation, while the influences of NaHCO3 concentration and flow rate were statistically insignificant. As a result, the following optimal conditions were reached: applied current density of 7.80 mA cm-2, NaHCO3 concentration of 6.0 mM, NaCl concentration of 9.0 mM and flow rate of 600 mL min-1, which gave a TOC decay of 89.4%, a specific energy consumption of 125.36 KWh kg-1 TOC, a combustion current efficiency of 15.0% and an electrical energy per order of 35.79 KWh m-3 order-1 within 30 min of electrolysis. Further results from LC/MS analysis confirmed the ring rupture of UA during the electrolysis, due to the attack of hydroxyl radicals and active chlorine species. Accordingly, two plausible degradation pathways of UA in bicarbonate and chloride media on BDD anode were proposed respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiayue Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yawen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Degang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Wohlmuth da Silva S, Arenhart Heberle AN, Pereira Santos A, Siqueira Rodrigues MA, Pérez-Herranz V, Moura Bernardes A. Antibiotics mineralization by electrochemical and UV-based hybrid processes: evaluation of the synergistic effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3456-3466. [PMID: 29770731 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1478453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are not efficiently removed in conventional wastewater treatments. In fact, different advanced oxidation process (AOPs), including ozone, peroxide, UV radiation, among others, are being investigated in the elimination of microcontaminants. Most of AOPs proved to be efficient on the degradation of antibiotics, but the mineralization is on the one hand not evaluated or on the other hand not high. At this work, the UV-based hybrid process, namely Photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation (PEO), was applied, aiming the mineralization of microcontaminants such as the antibiotics Amoxicillin (AMX), Norfloxacin (NOR) and Azithromycin (AZI). The influence of the individual contributions of electrochemical oxidation (EO) and the UV-base processes on the hybrid process (PEO) was analysed. Results showed that AMX and NOR presented higher mineralization rate under direct photolysis than AZI due to the high absorption of UV radiation. For the EO processes, a low mineralization was found for all antibiotics, what was associated to a mass-transport limitation related to the low concentration of contaminants (200 µg/L). Besides that, an increase in mineralization was found, when heterogeneous photocatalysis and EO are compared, due to the influence of UV radiation, which overcomes the mass-transport limitations. Although the UV-based processes control the reaction pathway that leads to mineralization, the best results to mineralize the antibiotics were achieved by PEO hybrid process. This can be explained by the synergistic effect of the processes that constitute them. A higher mineralization was achieved, which is an important and useful finding to avoid the discharge of microcontaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salatiel Wohlmuth da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
- Grupo IEC. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Alan Nelson Arenhart Heberle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | - Alexia Pereira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | | | - Valentín Pérez-Herranz
- Grupo IEC. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Andréa Moura Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
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26
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Wachter N, Aquino JM, Denadai M, Barreiro JC, Silva AJ, Cass QB, Bocchi N, Rocha-Filho RC. Electrochemical degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in a flow reactor using distinct BDD anodes: Reaction kinetics, identification and toxicity of the degradation products. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:461-470. [PMID: 31228848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The performances of distinct BDD anodes (boron doping of 100, 500 and 2500 ppm, with sp3/sp2 carbon ratios of 215, 325, and 284, respectively) in the electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin - CIP (0.5 L of 50 mg L-1 in 0.10 M Na2SO4, at 25 °C) were comparatively assessed using a recirculating flow system with a filter-press reactor. Performance was assessed by monitoring the CIP and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, oxidation intermediates, and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli as a function of electrolysis time. CIP removal was strongly affected by the solution pH (kept fixed), flow conditions, and current density; similar trends were obtained independently of the BDD anode used, but the BDD100 anode yielded the best results. Enhanced mass transport was achieved at a low flow rate by promoting the solution turbulence within the reactor. The fastest complete CIP removal (within 20 min) was attained at j = 30 mA cm-2, pH = 10.0, and qV = 2.5 L min-1 + bypass turbulence promotion. TOC removal was practically accomplished only after 10 h of electrolysis, with quite similar performances by the distinct BDD anodes. Five initial oxidation intermediates were identified (263 ≤ m/z ≤ 348), whereas only two terminal oxidation intermediates were detected (oxamic and formic acids). The antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed CIP solution was almost completely removed within 10 h of electrolysis. The characteristics of the BDD anodes only had a marked effect on the CIP removal rate (best performance by the least-doped anode), contrasting with other data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihara Wachter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Mario Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Denadai
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100,Ed. Química Ambiental, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson José Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nerilso Bocchi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Meireles AM, Almeida Lage AL, Ribeiro JM, Silva MAND, Souza-Fagundes EMD, Martins DCDS. Synthetic Mn(III) porphyrins as biomimetic catalysts of CYP450: Degradation of antibiotic norfloxacin in aqueous medium. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108615. [PMID: 31400562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic classified as an emerging contaminant. Here, we investigate Mn(III) porphyrin-catalyzed NOR degradation using peroxides or peracids (H2O2, t-BuOOH, or Oxone®) as oxidants. We evaluate three Mn(III) porphyrins: the 1st-generation tetraphenylporphyrin and 2nd -generation porphyrins bearing halogen atoms at the ortho-positions of the porphyrin macrocycle meso-aryl groups. Experiments were carried out in aqueous medium under mild conditions. NOR degradation was 67%. Products were proposed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Oxone® was the best oxidant for NOR degradation despite its possible decomposition in the reaction medium. The second-generation Mn(III) porphyrins were more resistant than the first-generation Mn(III) porphyrin, indicating that the bulky groups introduced into the porphyrin macrocycle meso-aryl groups led to more robust catalysts. The degradation products did not present cytotoxic behavior under the employed conditions. In conclusion, Mn(III) porphyrin-catalyzed NOR degradation is a promising strategy to degrade fluoroquinolones and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moreira Meireles
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Almeida Lage
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirra Angelina Neres da Silva
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dayse Carvalho da Silva Martins
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Electrochemical, theoretical and analytical studies of the electro-oxidation of sulfamerazine and norfloxacin on a glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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He Y, Lin H, Guo Z, Zhang W, Li H, Huang W. Recent developments and advances in boron-doped diamond electrodes for electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nidheesh PV, Divyapriya G, Oturan N, Trellu C, Oturan MA. Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - G. Divyapriya
- Environmental Water Resources Engineering DivisionDepartment of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Madra Chennai, Tamilnadu India
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508UPEM 5 Bd Descartes 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2 France
| | - Clément Trellu
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508UPEM 5 Bd Descartes 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2 France
| | - Mehmet A. Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508UPEM 5 Bd Descartes 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2 France
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31
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Wachter N, Aquino JM, Denadai M, Barreiro JC, Silva AJ, Cass QB, Rocha-Filho RC, Bocchi N. Optimization of the electrochemical degradation process of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin using a double-sided β-PbO 2 anode in a flow reactor: kinetics, identification of oxidation intermediates and toxicity evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4438-4449. [PMID: 29876851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin-CIP (50 mg L-1 in 0.10 mol L-1 Na2SO4) was investigated using a double-sided Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode in a filter-press flow reactor, with identification of oxidation intermediates and follow-up of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The effect of solution pH, flow rate, current density, and temperature on the CIP removal rate was evaluated. All of these parameters did affect the CIP removal performance; thus, optimized electrolysis conditions were further explored: pH = 10, qV = 6.5 L min-1, j = 30 mA cm-2, and θ = 25 °C. Therefore, CIP was removed within 2 h, whereas ~75% of the total organic carbon concentration (TOC) was removed after 5 h and then, the solution no longer presented antimicrobial activity. When the electrochemical degradation of CIP was investigated using a single-sided boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, its performance in TOC removal was similar to that of the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode; considering the higher oxidation power of BDD, the surprisingly good comparative performance of the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode was ascribed to significantly better hydrodynamic conditions attained in the filter-press reactor used with this electrode. Five initial oxidation intermediates were identified by LC-MS/MS and completely removed after 4 h of electrolysis; since they have also been determined in other degradation processes, there must be similarities in the involved oxidation mechanisms. Five terminal oxidation intermediates (acetic, formic, oxamic, propionic, and succinic acids) were identified by LC-UV and all of them (except acetic acid) were removed after 10 h of electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihara Wachter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marina Denadai
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Nerilso Bocchi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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Electrochemical degradation of norfloxacin using BDD and new Sb-doped SnO2 ceramic anodes in an electrochemical reactor in the presence and absence of a cation-exchange membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Garcia de Freitas Junior G, Florêncio TM, Mendonça RJ, Salazar‐Banda GR, Oliveira RTS. Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Benzene, Toluene and Xylenes (BTX) in Water Using a Cathodically Pre‐Treated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Garcia de Freitas Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e NaturaisUniversidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroPrograma de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Química de Minas Gerais 38025-180 Uberaba, MG Brazil
| | - Tayla M. Florêncio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e NaturaisUniversidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroPrograma de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Química de Minas Gerais 38025-180 Uberaba, MG Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Mendonça
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e NaturaisUniversidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroPrograma de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Química de Minas Gerais 38025-180 Uberaba, MG Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R. Salazar‐Banda
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e NanotecnologiaInstituto de Tecnologia e PesquisaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de ProcessosUniversidade Tiradentes 49032-490 Aracaju, SE Brazil
| | - Robson T. S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e NaturaisUniversidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroPrograma de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Química de Minas Gerais 38025-180 Uberaba, MG Brazil
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da Silva SW, Navarro EMO, Rodrigues MAS, Bernardes AM, Pérez-Herranz V. The role of the anode material and water matrix in the electrochemical oxidation of norfloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:615-623. [PMID: 30031345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The roles of the anode material, boron-doped diamond (BDD), with different boron (B) and substrate Silicon (Si) or Niobium (Nb) content, and one dimensionally stable anode (DSA®), were evaluated in the oxidation of norfloxacin (NOR) by electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP). The effect of other components in real wastewater on the performance of EAOP was also studied. The anode materials were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, regarding diamond quality, electro-generation of oxidants and NOR oxidation mechanism (direct and/or indirect). The results showed that the anode material influences on the NOR oxidation pathway, due to distinct characteristics of the substrate and the coating. Apparently, low difference in diamond-sp³/sp2-carbon ratio (Si/BDD100 × Si/BDD2500) does not leads to significant differences in the EAOP. On the other hand, the variation in the sp³/sp2 ratio seems to be higher when Si/BDD2500 and Nb/BDD2500 are compared, which would explain the best current efficiency result for Si substrate. However, the Nb substrate presented a similar current efficiency and a 60% lower energy consumption. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in the real wastewater affect the EAOP-Nb/BDD due to HO and persulfate ions scavenged. However, when supporting electrolyte was added to a real wastewater spiked with NOR, the NOR decay reaches similar values found to the synthetic one. Due to the energy saving and mechanical properties, Nb substrate presents some technological advantages in relation to Si, which can facilitate the application to industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salatiel W da Silva
- Grupo IEC, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Materiais, PPGE3M, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emma M O Navarro
- Grupo IEC, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andréa M Bernardes
- Departamento de Materiais, PPGE3M, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valentín Pérez-Herranz
- Grupo IEC, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071, Valencia, Spain.
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Sánchez-Montes I, Fuzer Neto JR, Silva BF, Silva AJ, Aquino JM, Rocha-Filho RC. Evolution of the antibacterial activity and oxidation intermediates during the electrochemical degradation of norfloxacin in a flow cell with a PTFE-doped β-PbO2 anode: Critical comparison to a BDD anode. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carneiro JF, Aquino JM, Silva AJ, Barreiro JC, Cass QB, Rocha-Filho RC. The effect of the supporting electrolyte on the electrooxidation of enrofloxacin using a flow cell with a BDD anode: Kinetics and follow-up of oxidation intermediates and antimicrobial activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:674-681. [PMID: 29783052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of the supporting electrolyte - SE (Na2SO4; NaCl; Na2CO3; NaNO3; Na3PO4 - 0.1 M ionic strength) in the galvanostatic (10 mA cm-2) electrochemical degradation of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENRO; 100 mg L-1) using a filter-press flow cell with a boron-doped diamond anode was investigated (flow rate, solution volume, and temperature were kept fixed at 420 L h-1, 1.0 L, and 25 °C, respectively). The electrochemical degradation performance with the different SEs was assessed by following up [ENRO], total organic carbon concentration (TOC), oxidation intermediates (detected by LC and LC-QqTOF), and antimicrobial activity towards Escherichia coli as the electrolyses progressed. With NaCl as SE, complete removal of ENRO was attained ∼10 times faster than with the other salts. The determination of terminal oxidation intermediates (short-chain carboxylic acids) produced during the electrolyses allowed concluding that their nature and number is indeed affected by the salt used as SE, most probably due to distinct electrogenerated oxidants. With NaCl, the antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed solution decreased gradually (to ∼20%) from 8 to 16 h of electrolysis due to the cleavage of the fluoroquinolone structure. On the other hand, with Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and NaNO3 as SEs the growth of Escherichia coli cells was observed only after ∼14 h, whereas it was completely inhibited with Na3PO4. Clearly, the electrooxidation and mineralization of ENRO is strongly affected by the SEs used, which determine the degradation mechanism and, consequently, the removal rates of the solution's organic load and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara F Carneiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Shen B, Wen X, Korshin GV. Electrochemical oxidation of ciprofloxacin in two different processes: the electron transfer process on the anode surface and the indirect oxidation process in bulk solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:943-955. [PMID: 29756621 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the rotating disk electrode technique was used for the first time to investigate the effects of mass-transfer limitations and pH on the electrochemical oxidation of CPX, to determine the kinetics of CPX oxidation and to explore intrinsic mechanisms during the electron transfer process. Firstly, cyclic voltammetry revealed that an obvious irreversible CPX oxidation peak was observed within the potential window from 0.70 to 1.30 V at all pHs. Based on the Levich equation, the electrochemical oxidation of CPX in the electron transfer process was found to be controlled by both diffusion and kinetic processes when pH = 2, 5, 7 and 9; the diffusion coefficient of CPX at pH = 2 was calculated to be 1.5 × 10-7 cm2 s-1. Kinetic analysis indicated that the reaction on the electrode surface was adsorption-controlled compared to a diffusion process; the surface concentration of electroactive species was estimated to be 1.15 × 10-9 mol cm-2, the standard rate constant of the surface reaction was calculated to be 1.37 s-1, and CPX oxidation was validated to be a two-electron transfer process. Finally, a possible CPX oxidation pathway during the electron transfer process was proposed. The electrochemical degradation of CPX on a Ti-based anode was also conducted subsequently to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of CPX in the indirect oxidation process in bulk solutions. The effects of pH and current density were determined and compared to related literature results. The oxidation of CPX at different pHs is believed to be the result of a counterbalance between favorable and unfavorable factors, namely electromigration and side reactions of oxygen evolution, respectively. The effects of current density indicated a diffusion- and reaction-controlled process at low currents followed by a reaction-controlled process at high currents. The results presented in this study provide better understanding of the electrochemical oxidation of CPX and would enable the development of new treatment methods based on electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Carrillo-Abad J, Pérez-Herranz V, Urtiaga A. Electrochemical oxidation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) on BDD: electrode characterization and mechanistic investigation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Turkay O, Barışçı S, Ulusoy E, Şeker MG, Dimoglo A. Anodic oxidation of anti-cancer drug Imatinib on different electrodes: Kinetics, transformation by-products and toxicity assessment. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Serna-Galvis EA, Berrio-Perlaza KE, Torres-Palma RA. Electrochemical treatment of penicillin, cephalosporin, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics via active chlorine: evaluation of antimicrobial activity, toxicity, matrix, and their correlation with the degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23771-23782. [PMID: 28864919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are pharmaceuticals widely consumed and frequently detected in environmental water, where they can induce toxic effects and development of resistant bacteria. Their structural variety makes the problem of antibiotics in natural water more complex. In this work, six highly used antibiotics (at 40 μmol L-1) belonging to three different classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones) were treated using an electrochemical system with a Ti/IrO2 anode and a Zr cathode in the presence of NaCl (0.05 μmol L-1). The attack of electrogenerated active chlorine was found to be the main degradation route. After only 20 min of treatment, the process decreased more than 90% of the initial concentration of antibiotics, following the degradation order: fluoroquinolones > penicillins > cephalosporins. The primary interactions of the degrading agent with fluoroquinolones occurred at the cyclic amine (i.e., piperazyl ring) and the benzene ring. Meanwhile, the cephalosporins and penicillins were initially attacked on the β-lactam and sulfide groups. However, the tested penicillins presented an additional reaction on the central amide. In all cases, the transformations of antibiotics led to the antimicrobial activity decreasing. On the contrary, the toxicity level showed diverse results: increasing, decreasing, and no change, depending on the antibiotic type. In fact, due to the conservation of quinolone nucleus in the fluoroquinolone by-products, the toxicity of the treated solutions remained unchanged. With penicillins, the production of chloro-phenyl-isoxazole fragments increased the toxicity level of the resultant solution. However, the opening of β-lactam ring of cephalosporin antibiotics decreased the toxicity level of the treated solutions. Finally, the application of the treatment to synthetic hospital wastewater and seawater containing a representative antibiotic showed that the high amount of chloride ions in seawater accelerates the pollutant degradation. In contrast, the urea and ammonium presence in the hospital wastewater retarded the removal of this pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Karen E Berrio-Perlaza
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Comparative electrochemical degradation of the herbicide tebuthiuron using a flow cell with a boron-doped diamond anode and identifying degradation intermediates. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Coledam DAC, Pupo MMS, Silva BF, Silva AJ, Eguiluz KIB, Salazar-Banda GR, Aquino JM. Electrochemical mineralization of cephalexin using a conductive diamond anode: A mechanistic and toxicity investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:638-647. [PMID: 27847122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of surface and ground water by antibiotics is of significant importance due to their potential chronic toxic effects to the aquatic and human lives. Thus, in this work, the electrochemical oxidation of cephalexin (CEX) was carried out in a one compartment filter-press flow cell using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode as anode. During the electrolysis, the investigated variables were: supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2CO3) at constant ionic strength (0.1 M), pH (3, 7, 10, and without control), and current density (5, 10 and 20 mA cm-2). The oxidation and mineralization of CEX were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry and total organic carbon. The oxidation process of CEX was dependent on the type of electrolyte and on pH of the solution due to the distinct oxidant species electrogenerated; however, the conversion of CEX and its hydroxylated intermediates to CO2 depends only on their diffusion to the surface of the BDD. In the final stages of electrolysis, an accumulation of recalcitrant oxamic and oxalic carboxylic acids, was detected. Finally, the growth inhibition assay with Escherichia coli cells showed that the toxicity of CEX solution decreased along the electrochemical treatment due to the rupture of the β-lactam ring of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A C Coledam
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília M S Pupo
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Silva
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Katlin I B Eguiluz
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Salazar-Banda
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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