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Cheng Z, Wen ZF, Liu ZF, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Capsaicinoids in Food: An Update on Pretreatment and Analysis Methods since 2010. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:73-92. [PMID: 35320052 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2054269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, whose basic chemical structure is the vanilla amide of n-nonanoic acid, are responsible for chili pepper fruits' spicy flavor (pungency) and multiple pharmacological actions. Capsaicinoids are widely used to produce intense flavor food additives due to their sensory attributes of pungency, aroma, and color. To ensure strict quality control for capsaicinoids and maximize their positive effects, valid and sensitive pretreatment and determination methods are urgently needed. Consequently, this review provides a comprehensive summary of capsaicinoids' preparation and analytical technologies in food samples. Pretreatment techniques mainly include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and dispersive solid-phase microextraction, among others. Detection methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography, electrochemical sensor methods, capillary electrophoresis, etc. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical methods are compared and discussed. Thus, the present paper has attempted to shed light on novel and traditionalpretreatment methods and determination approaches and provided proper comments about their new developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Ahmed S, Ansari A, Bishwanathan S, Siddiqui MA, Tailor S, Gupta PK, Negi DS, Ranjan P. Electronic Tongue Based on ZnO/ITO@glass for Electrochemical Monitoring of Spiciness Levels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4434-4446. [PMID: 38345916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Capsaicin, a chemical compound present in chili peppers, is widely acknowledged as the main contributor to the spicy and hot sensations encountered during consumption. Elevated levels of capsaicin can result in meals being excessively spicy, potentially leading to health issues, such as skin burning, irritation, increased heart rate and circulation, and discomfort in the gastrointestinal system and even inducing nausea or diarrhea. The level of spiciness that individuals can tolerate may vary, so what may be considered incredibly hot for one person could be mild for another. To ensure food safety, human healthcare, regulatory compliance, and quality control in spicy food products, capsaicin levels must be measured. For these purposes, a reliable and stable sensor is required to quantify the capsaicin level. To leverage the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO), herein, we demonstrated the one-step fabrication process of an electronic tongue (E-Tongue) based on an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of capsaicin. ZnO was electrodeposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. The biosensor demonstrated the two notable linear ranges from 0.01 to 50 μM and from 50 to 500 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.1 nM. The present study also included the analysis of real samples, such as green chilis, red chili powder, and dried red chilis, to evaluate their spiciness levels. Furthermore, the E-Tongue exhibited notable degrees of sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term stability for a duration of more than a month. The development of an E-Tongue for capsaicin real-time monitoring as a point-of-care (POC) device has the potential to impact various industries and improve safety, product quality, and healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmed
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics/Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 458 NSC Building Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Arshiya Ansari
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
| | - Shashwat Bishwanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
| | - Moin Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
| | - Satish Tailor
- Metallizing Equipment Co. Pvt. Ltd. (MECPL), Jodhpur 342012, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
| | - Devendra Singh Negi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
| | - Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan342030, India
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Teixeira SC, Gomes NO, Calegaro ML, Machado SAS, de Oliveira TV, de Fátima Ferreira Soares N, Raymundo-Pereira PA. Sustainable plant-wearable sensors for on-site, rapid decentralized detection of pesticides toward precision agriculture and food safety. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213676. [PMID: 37944446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The synergy between eco-friendly biopolymeric films and printed devices leads to the production of plant-wearable sensors for decentralized analysis of pesticides in precision agriculture and food safety. Herein, a simple method for fabrication of flexible, and sustainable sensors printed on cellulose acetate (CA) substrates has been demonstrated to detect carbendazim and paraquat in agricultural, water and food samples. The biodegradable CA substrates were made by casting method while the full electrochemical system of three electrodes was deposited by screen-printing technique (SPE) to produce plant-wearable sensors. Analytical performance was assessed by differential pulse (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in a linear concentration range between 0.1 and 1.0 μM with detection limits of 54.9 and 19.8 nM for carbendazim and paraquat, respectively. The flexible and sustainable non-enzymatic plant-wearable sensor can detect carbendazim and paraquat on lettuce and tomato skins, and also water samples with no interference from other pesticides. The plant-wearable sensors had reproducible response being robust and stable against multiple flexions. Due to high sensitivity and selectivity, easy operation and rapid agrochemical detection, the plant-wearable sensors can be used to detect biomarkers in human biofluids and be used in on-site analysis of other hazardous chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiris Côcco Teixeira
- Laboratory of Food Packaging, Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalia O Gomes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Calegaro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio A S Machado
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Taíla Veloso de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Food Packaging, Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares
- Laboratory of Food Packaging, Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Islam K, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Momo J, Ahmed I, Dubey M, Ramchiary N. Genetic Regulation, Environmental Cues, and Extraction Methods for Higher Yield of Secondary Metabolites in Capsicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37289974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum (chili pepper) is a widely popular and highly consumed fruit crop with beneficial secondary metabolites such as capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, among others. Interestingly, the secondary metabolite profile is a dynamic function of biosynthetic enzymes, regulatory transcription factors, developmental stage, abiotic and biotic environment, and extraction methods. We propose active manipulable genetic, environmental, and extraction controls for the modulation of quality and quantity of desired secondary metabolites in Capsicum species. Specific biosynthetic genes such as Pun (AT3) and AMT in the capsaicinoids pathway and PSY, LCY, and CCS in the carotenoid pathway can be genetically engineered for enhanced production of capsaicinoids and carotenoids, respectively. Generally, secondary metabolites increase with the ripening of the fruit; however, transcriptional regulators such as MYB, bHLH, and ERF control the extent of accumulation in specific tissues. The precise tuning of biotic and abiotic factors such as light, temperature, and chemical elicitors can maximize the accumulation and retention of secondary metabolites in pre- and postharvest settings. Finally, optimized extraction methods such as ultrasonication and supercritical fluid method can lead to a higher yield of secondary metabolites. Together, the integrated understanding of the genetic regulation of biosynthesis, elicitation treatments, and optimization of extraction methods can maximize the industrial production of secondary metabolites in Capsicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - John Momo
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Sierra-Padilla A, López-Iglesias D, Calatayud-Macías P, García-Guzmán JJ, Palacios-Santander JM, Cubillana-Aguilera L. Incorporation of carbon black into a sonogel matrix: improving antifouling properties of a conducting polymer ceramic nanocomposite. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:168. [PMID: 37012526 PMCID: PMC10070287 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor device has been developed through the modification of a polyaniline-silicon oxide network with carbon black (CB). Enhanced electrical conductivity and antifouling properties have been achieved due to the integration of this cheap nanomaterial into the bulk of the sensor. The structure of the developed material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize electrochemically the Sonogel-Carbon/Carbon Black-PANI (SNG-C/CB-PANI) sensor device. In addition, differential pulse voltammetry was employed to evaluate the analytical response of the sensor towards sundry chlorophenols, common environmental hazards in aqueous ecosystems. The modified sensor material showed excellent antifouling properties, which led to a better electroanalytical performance than the one displayed with the bare sensor. Notably, a sensitivity of 5.48 × 103 μA mM-1 cm-2 and a limit of detection of 0.83 μM were obtained in the determination of 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC) at a working potential of 0.78 V (vs. 3 M Ag/AgCl/KCl), along with proficient values of reproducibility and repeatability (relative standard deviation < 3%). Finally, the analysis of PCMC was carried out in multiple validated water samples using the synthesized SNG-C/CB-PANI sensor device, obtaining excellent results of recovery values (97-104%). The synergetic effect of polyaniline and carbon black leads to novel antifouling and electrocatalytic effects that improve the applicability of this sensor in sample analysis versus complex conventional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Sierra-Padilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - David López-Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cadiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario 'Puerta del Mar', Universidad de Cadiz, 11009, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Paloma Calatayud-Macías
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan José García-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cadiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario 'Puerta del Mar', Universidad de Cadiz, 11009, Cadiz, Spain
| | - José María Palacios-Santander
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Laura Cubillana-Aguilera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Silveri F, Della Pelle F, Scroccarello A, Mazzotta E, Di Giulio T, Malitesta C, Compagnone D. Carbon Black Functionalized with Naturally Occurring Compounds in Water Phase for Electrochemical Sensing of Antioxidant Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102008. [PMID: 36290731 PMCID: PMC9598705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sustainable route to nanodispersed and functionalized carbon black in water phase (W-CB) is proposed. The sonochemical strategy exploits ultrasounds to disaggregate the CB, while two selected functional naturally derived compounds, sodium cholate (SC) and rosmarinic acid (RA), act as stabilizing agents ensuring dispersibility in water adhering onto the CB nanoparticles’ surface. Strategically, the CB-RA compound is used to drive the AuNPs self-assembling at room temperature, resulting in a CB surface that is nanodecorated; further, this is achieved without the need for additional reagents. Electrochemical sensors based on the proposed nanomaterials are realized and characterized both morphologically and electrochemically. The W-CBs’ electroanalytical potential is proved in the anodic and cathodic window using caffeic acid (CF) and hydroquinone (HQ), two antioxidant compounds that are significant for food and the environment. For both antioxidants, repeatable (RSD ≤ 3.3%; n = 10) and reproducible (RSD ≤ 3.8%; n = 3) electroanalysis results were obtained, achieving nanomolar detection limits (CF: 29 nM; HQ: 44 nM). CF and HQ are successfully determined in food and environmental samples (recoveries 97–113%), and also in the presence of other phenolic classes and HQ structural isomers. The water dispersibility of the proposed materials can be an opportunity for (bio) sensor fabrication and sustainable device realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Silveri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.P.); (D.C.); Tel.: +39-0861-266948 (F.D.P.); +39-0861-266942 (D.C.)
| | - Annalisa Scroccarello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universitaà del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Di Giulio
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universitaà del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universitaà del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.P.); (D.C.); Tel.: +39-0861-266948 (F.D.P.); +39-0861-266942 (D.C.)
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7
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Carbon-black combined with TiO2 and KuQ as sustainable photosystem for a reliable self-powered photoelectrochemical biosensor. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Bustos E, Sandoval-González A, Martínez-Sánchez C. Detection and Treatment of Persistent Pollutants in Water: General Review of Pharmaceutical Products. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroq76703México 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
| | - Antonia Sandoval-González
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC: Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/nSanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
| | - Carolina Martínez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC: Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/nSanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
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Shafiee SA, Danial WH, Perry SC, Ali ZI, Mohamed Huri MA, Mohmad Sabere AS. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of Capsaicinoids: a Mini-Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zhang H, Li X, Zhu Q, Wang Z. The recent development of nanomaterials enhanced paper-based electrochemical analytical devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Fang X, Duan R. Highly Sensitive Capsaicin Electrochemical Sensor Based on Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Nanocage. Front Chem 2022; 10:822619. [PMID: 35242739 PMCID: PMC8885624 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.822619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of capsaicin can be used as exotic markers of kitchen recycled oil. In this study, a bimetallic MOF nanocage (FeIII-HMOF-5) was successfully prepared by a one-step solvothermal method and used for electrode modification to prepare a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of capsaicin. Capsaicin could be selectively immobilized onto the FeIII-HMOF-5 surface during infiltrating adsorption, thus exhibiting very excellent sensing performance. The detection conditions of the sensor were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the electrochemical sensor can linearly detect capsaicin in the range between 1–60 μM with a detection limit of 0.4 μM. In addition, the proposed electrochemical sensor showed excellent stability and selectivity. The real sample tests indicated the proposed electrochemical sensor was comparable to conventional UV spectrophotometry.
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13
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Fabrication of paper-based analytical devices using a PLA 3D-printed stencil for electrochemical determination of chloroquine and escitalopram. J Solid State Electrochem 2021; 26:581-586. [PMID: 34751209 PMCID: PMC8566020 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of prescribed and non-prescribed drugs has increased. Therefore, advances in new technologies and sensors for detecting molecules in natural environments are required. In this work, a 3D-printed polylactic acid stencil is used to fabricate paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). Herein, we report the use of carbon-based lab-manufactured conductive ink for the fabrication of sensors towards the detection of chloroquine and escitalopram. For each batch, eight ePADs were successfully fabricated. Firstly, the fabricated sensors were evaluated morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. The sensors displayed a well-defined voltammetric profile in the presence of the redox couple, when compared to a commercial carbon screen-printed electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry conducted the detection of chloroquine and escitalopram with detection limits of 4.0 and 0.5 µmol L−1, respectively. The ePADs fabricated using the 3D stencil are here presented as alternatives for the fabrication of electrochemical analytical devices.
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14
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Silva LP, Silva TA, Moraes FC, Fatibello-Filho O. A voltammetric sensor based on a carbon black and chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticle nanocomposite for ketoconazole determination. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4495-4502. [PMID: 34514492 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A modified glassy carbon electrode with carbon black (CB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a crosslinked chitosan (CTS) film is proposed in this work. The electroanalytical performance of the modified CB-CTS-AuNPs/GCE has been evaluated towards the voltammetric sensing of ketoconazole (KTO), a widespread antifungal drug. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and electrochemistry experiments. The evaluation of the electrochemical behaviour of KTO on the proposed modified electrode shows an irreversible oxidation process at a potential of +0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L-1 KCl)). This redox process was explored to carry out KTO sensing using square-wave voltammetry. The analytical curve was linear in the KTO concentration range from 0.10 to 2.9 μmol L-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.4 nmol L-1 and a sensitivity of 3.6 μA L μmol-1. This modified electrode was successfully applied to the determination of KTO in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Pereira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Almeida Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cruz Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
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15
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Crapnell RD, Banks CE. Electroanalytical overview: the pungency of chile and chilli products determined via the sensing of capsaicinoids. Analyst 2021; 146:2769-2783. [PMID: 33949422 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When you bite into a chile pepper or eat food containing chile (chilli), one might feel heat, or other associated feelings, some good such as the release of endorphins, and some bad. The heat, or pungency, and related feelings from eating chile peppers are the result of their chemical composition, i.e. the concentrations of capsaicinoids. The major components are capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which occur in chiles in the ratio of 6 : 4. Other capsaicinoids occur in smaller concentrations and are known as the "minor" capsaicinoids. Wilbur L. Scoville in 1912 created an organoleptic test, now known as the Scoville scale, which asked a panel of tasters to state when an increasingly dilute solution of the chile pepper in alcohol no longer burned the mouth. Following the Scoville scale, a plethora of analytical techniques later followed. In this overview, we explore the endeavours directed to the development of electrochemical-based sensors for the determination of capsaicin and related compounds, starting from their use in hyphenated laboratory set-ups to their modern use as stand-alone electroanalytical sensors. The latter have the advantage of providing a rapid and sensitive methodology that has the potential to be translated in the field; future trends and issues to be overcome are consequently suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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16
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Fiore L, Mazzaracchio V, Galloni P, Sabuzi F, Pezzola S, Matteucci G, Moscone D, Arduini F. A paper-based electrochemical sensor for H 2O 2 detection in aerosol phase: Measure of H 2O 2 nebulized by a reconverted ultrasonic aroma diffuser as a case of study. Microchem J 2021; 166:106249. [PMID: 33840838 PMCID: PMC8020605 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 is caused by high contagiousness and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus between people when an infected person is in close contact with another one. In this overall scenario, the disinfection processes have been largely improved. For instance, some countries have approved no-touch technologies by vaporizing disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide, with the overriding goal to boost the safety of the places. In the era of sustainability, we designed an electrochemical paper-based device for the assessment of hydrogen peroxide nebulized by a cost-effective ultrasonic aroma diffuser. The paper-based sensor was fabricated by modifying via drop-casting a filter paper-based screen-printed electrode with a dispersion of carbon black-Prussian Blue nanocomposite, to assess the detection of hydrogen peroxide at −0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl. The use of paper-based modified screen-printed electrode loaded with phosphate buffer allowed for monitoring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in aerosol, without any additional sampling instrument to capture the nebulized solution of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration up to 7% w/w. Hydrogen peroxide, a reconverted ultrasonic aroma diffuser, and the paper-based electrochemical sensor assisted by smartphone have demonstrated how different low-cost technologies are able to supply an useful and cost-effective solution for disinfection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,BT-INNOVACHEM, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,BT-INNOVACHEM, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Silvia Pezzola
- BT-INNOVACHEM, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | | | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,SENSE4MED, Via Renato Rascel 30, Rome 00128, Italy
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Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT. Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:51. [PMID: 33669316 PMCID: PMC7920281 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed technology has helped considerably to the development of portable electrochemical sensors since it provides miniaturized but robust and user-friendly electrodes. Moreover, this technology allows to obtain very versatile transducers, not only regarding their design, but also their ease of modification. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has exponentially increased, with ceramic as the main substrate. However, with the growing interest in the use of cheap and widely available materials as the basis of analytical devices, paper or other low-cost flat materials have become common substrates for SPEs. Thus, in this revision, a comprehensive overview on paper-based SPEs used for analytical proposes is provided. A great variety of designs is reported, together with several examples to illustrate the main applications.
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da Silva LV, dos Santos ND, de Almeida AK, dos Santos DDE, Santos ACF, França MC, Lima DJP, Lima PR, Goulart MO. A new electrochemical sensor based on oxidized capsaicin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode for the quantification of dopamine, epinephrine, and xanthurenic, ascorbic and uric acids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Mazzaracchio V, Tshwenya L, Moscone D, Arduini F, Arotiba OA. A Poly(Propylene Imine) Dendrimer and Carbon Black Modified Flexible Screen Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Lead and Cadmium Co‐detection. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Department of Chemical Science and Technologies Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Johannesburg South Africa (Formerly known as The Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luthando Tshwenya
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Johannesburg South Africa (Formerly known as The Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Danila Moscone
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Department of Chemical Science and Technologies Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Department of Chemical Science and Technologies Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Johannesburg South Africa (Formerly known as The Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research University of Johannesburg South Africa
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