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Chen C, Chen L, Li F, Huang Q, Wu L, Zhang W. Urgent caution to trace organometal pollution: Occurrence, distribution and sources of methyltins, butyltins and phenyltins in sediments from South Hangzhou Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:571-577. [PMID: 30597389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of seven organotin compounds (OTCs) were determined seasonally in 22 sediment samples (brackish, freshwater and shrimp pond sediments) in South Hangzhou Bay, China. For the brackish and freshwater sediments, methyltins of up to 43.0 ng Sn g-1 dw showed no significant variation with seasons or locations (p > 0.05). However, butyltin levels in summer (44.0 ± 30.2 ng Sn g-1 dw) were about two folds higher than those in spring (20.4 ± 18.7 ng Sn g-1 dw) and four folds higher than in autumn or winter (both≈10 ng Sn g-1 dw), which is mainly attributed to the heavy contamination near the shipyard, mariculture and textile plants in summer. Phenyltins in spring reached the peak level of 28.4 ng Sn g-1 dw, about three times of other seasons. Meanwhile, there was a significant variation of phenyltins in summer with high-value sites also in the vicinity of mariculture. Thus, excepting the contribution of agricultural activities to phenyltins, mariculture is likely to be a potential source of butyltins and phenyltins into the marine environment (particularly in summer). This hypothesis has been partly validated by determining adjacent shrimp pond sediments, which showed ubiquitous contamination of butyltins and phenyltins in summer and spring (14.2-44.2 ng Sn g-1 dw and 2.2-16.9 ng Sn g-1 dw), but only one sample had the detectable methyltin levels with 8.8 ng Sn g-1 dw of momomethyl-tin. On the other hand, seven OTCs showed a stronger affinity to brackish sediments than the adjacent freshwater sediments, probably owing to the differences of physicochemical parameters and microbial activities in sediments. Overall, OTC contaminants have become more diversified and complicated in coastal zones, suggesting that future studies should pay attention to other OTC species like phenyltins and methyltins, not only the butyltins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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Khim JS, Hong S, Yoon SJ, Nam J, Ryu J, Kang SG. A comparative review and analysis of tentative ecological quality objectives (EcoQOs) for protection of marine environments in Korea and China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:2027-2039. [PMID: 30231457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological quality objectives (EcoQOs), as tools for implementing ecosystem approach, have long been acknowledged to protect the marine ecosystems and fisheries in regional seas through joint efforts by surrounding countries over the past decade. The present review analyzed the best available meta-data relating to the five ecosystem elements that were recently proposed by the Northwest Pacific Action Plan to evaluate the current status of coastal ecosystem health in marine environment of the Yellow Sea. We suggested the six tentative EcoQOs among five ecological quality elements including: 1) biological and habitat diversity; 2) invasive species; 3) eutrophication; 4) pollutants; and 5) marine litters. Environmental status was assessed, depending on the EcoQOs targets, by comparison to the world average values, existing environmental standards, or reported values of other regional seas. Results of analysis revealed that among the six tentative EcoQOs, two target objectives to marine biodiversity and concentrations of nutrients (viz., DIN and DIP) were met towards good environmental status. Whilst, three EcoQOs relating to hypoxia and red-tide, pollutants (persistent toxic substances and metals), and marine litters (including microplastics) did not meet and one relating to invasive species could not be judged due to insufficient data sets. The biggest weak point for developing suitable EcoQOs and assessing status of ecosystem health could be insufficient meta-data sets available and/or discrepancy in methodological details cross the data-sets or between the two targeted countries. Thus, the cooperation of neighboring countries, viz., Korea and China for the Yellow Sea, is necessary for the ecosystem based management of our regional sea in the future. Overall, this first time review for the assessment of target tentative EcoQOs in the Yellow Sea region encompassing coasts of Korea and China would provide a better understanding of the current status of environmental pollution and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Nam
- Marine Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gil Kang
- NOWPAP MERRAC & Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
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Kim T, Jeon S, Hong S, Song SJ, Kwon BO, Ryu J, Khim JS. Spatiotemporal distributions of butyltin compounds in various intertidal organisms along the Samcheok and Tongyeong coasts of Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:268-277. [PMID: 28081511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen years ago, the Korean Government introduced a regulation prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT), which was a component of antifouling paints. A subsequent decline in the concentration of butyltins (BTs) was recorded in seawater and the sediment, however, the current concentration of BTs in biota has not been well documented. The spatiotemporal distribution and concentration of BTs was recorded in biota from 2013 to 2015 along the coasts of Samcheok and Tongyeong using GS/MSD analysis. Crustaceans contained the greatest concentrations of BTs, followed by gastropods, fishes, and bivalves. We found that the concentration of BTs was greater at Tongyeong compared to Samcheok, because of the geographical characteristics of the area. We also confirmed that the regulation has been effective by showing that the TBT concentration decreased over the 3-year study period. The TBT levels of gastropods and bivalves fell within the limits of the guidelines and/or the effective concentration of the toxicological endpoint reported previously. The concentration of BTs also varied among species, being dependent on the weight of the soft tissue. Furthermore, the greater quantities of BTs degradation products compared to TBT confirmed the absence of recent inputs of pollutants during the study periods. However, compared with other Asian countries, biota BTs were greater in Korea, with noticeably greater concentrations along the south coast. Thus, further investigation of the distribution of BTs along the Korean coasts is required in the future. In conclusion, our results provide useful information about the recent trends of BTs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Jeon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sant'Anna BS, Santos DM, Marchi MRR, Zara FJ, Turra A. Surface-sediment and hermit-crab contamination by butyltins in southeastern Atlantic estuaries after ban of TBT-based antifouling paints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6516-6524. [PMID: 24488552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Butyltin (BT) contamination was evaluated in hermit crabs from 25 estuaries and in sediments from 13 of these estuaries along about 2,000 km of the Brazilian coast. BT contamination in hermit crabs ranged from 2.22 to 1,746 ng Sn g(-1) of DBT and 1.32 to 318 ng Sn g(-1) of TBT. In sediment samples, the concentration also varied widely, from 25 to 1,304 ng Sn g(-1) of MBT, from 7 to 158 ng Sn g(-1) of DBT, and from 8 to 565 ng Sn g(-1) of TBT. BTs are still being found in surface sediments and biota of the estuaries after the international and Brazilian bans, showing heterogeneous distribution among and within estuaries. Although hermit crabs were previously tested as an indicator of recent BT contamination, the results indicate the presence of contamination, probably from resuspension of BTs from deeper water of the estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Sant'Anna
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, área de zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil,
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Emerging persistent organic pollutants in Chinese Bohai Sea and its coastal regions. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:608231. [PMID: 24688410 PMCID: PMC3932242 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have widely aroused public concern in recent years. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (POSF/PFOS) had been newly listed in Stockholm Convention in 2009, and short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were listed as candidate POPs. Bohai Sea is located in the arms of numbers of industrial cities, the semienclosed location of which makes it an ideal sink of emerging pollutants. In the present paper, latest contamination status of emerging POPs in Bohai Sea was reviewed. According to the literature data, Bohai Sea areas are not heavily contaminated by emerging POPs (PBDE: 0.01–720 ng/g; perfluorinated compounds: 0.1–304 ng/g; SCCPs: 64.9–5510 ng/g; HBCDs: nd-634 ng/g). Therefore, humans are not likely to be under serious risk of emerging POPs exposure through consuming seafood from Bohai Sea. However, the ubiquitous occurrence of emerging POPs in Bohai Sea region might indicate that more work should be done to expand the knowledge about potential risk of emerging POPs pollution.
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Li W, Shi Y, Gao L, Liu J, Cai Y. Investigation of antibiotics in mollusks from coastal waters in the Bohai Sea of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 162:56-62. [PMID: 22243847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the presence and distribution of 22 antibiotics, including eight quinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides in mollusks from the Bohai Sea of China. 190 samples of eleven species were collected in 2006, 2007 and 2009. Laboratory analyses revealed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the mollusks with quinolones as the major compounds with concentrations of 0.71~1575.10 μg/kg, which were up to two orders of magnitude higher than those of sulfonamides (0~76.75 μg/kg) and macrolides (0~36.21 μg/kg). The contents of quinolones and macrolides did not show significant changes from 2006, 2007 to 2009, while sulfonamides decreased significantly from 2006 to 2009. Compared with other sites, the city of Dalian was more polluted with quinolones, while Beidaihe was more contaminated with erythromycin and sulfapyridine. In addition, Mactra veneriformis and Meretrix merehjgntrix Linnaeus contained higher concentrations of quinolones and sulfamonomethoxine, while Mytilus edulis had higher levels of erythromycin and sulfapyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vazquez-Boucard C, Alvarez-Ruiz P, Escobedo-Fregoso C, Anguiano-Vega G, Duran-Avelar MDJ, Pinto VS, Escobedo-Bonilla CM. Detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 104:245-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Occurrence and chemical speciation analysis of organotin compounds in the environment: A review. Talanta 2010; 82:9-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cserháti T. Data evaluation in chromatography by principal component analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:20-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Grinwis GCM, Wester PW, Vethaak AD. Histopathological effects of chronic aqueous exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) to environmentally relevant concentrations reveal thymus atrophy in European flounder (Platichthys flesus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2587-2593. [PMID: 19524338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of tributyltin in antifouling paints has been banned, this compound is still a serious pollutant of the marine environment. This paper describes a unique study in which European flounder (Platichthys flesus) were chronically (8 months) exposed to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in the water under controlled laboratory conditions. Residue levels in selected tissues (liver, muscle) and general health status indices were measured and the effects on several organs (gills, liver, mesonephros, ovary/testis, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract) were examined histopathologically. Additionally, morphometric analysis of the thymus was performed. The major finding is that exposure of flounder to 5 microg TBTO/l over a period of 8 months, resulting in body burdens comparable to high field levels, induced significant reduction of thymus volume, possibly affecting immunocompetence of the animals. Chronic exposure of European flounder to tributyltin is therefore likely to affect the general health status of this species in heavily polluted aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.158, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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