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Yang SW, Gu SX, Tang B, Dang Y, Xu RF, Luo WK, Zheng J, Ren MZ, Yu YJ. Tissue-specific and stereoselective accumulation of Dechlorane Plus isomers in two predator fish in a laboratory feeding study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114469. [PMID: 38321685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The tissue-specific bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) isomers was investigated in two predator fish species (redtail catfish, RF; and oscar fish, OF) that were feeding on tiger barb (TB), which was exposed to syn-DP and anti-DP isomers. The biotransformation potential of DP isomers was examined by in vitro metabolism using fish liver microsomes. No difference in accumulation behaviors of DP isomers was observed between RF and OF, and the accumulation of both syn- and anti-DP isomers exhibiting a linear increase trend with the exposure time in all fish tissues. The assimilation efficiencies and depuration rates for syn-DP and anti-DP were determined to be the highest in the liver. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) for both syn-DP and anti-DP were higher than one in the serum and gastrointestinal tract of fish, whereas were less than one in the other tissues. The wet-weight concentrations of DP isomers in tissues were significantly correlated with the lipid contents in both fish species, indicating that the tissue distribution of DP isomers occurred through passive diffusion to the lipid compartments in vivo. Tissue-specific compositions of DP isomers were observed, with anti-DP selectively accumulating in the liver, gonad, serum, and gills, whilst syn-DP in the carcass and GI tract. However, after being normalized of all tissues, the fish showed no selective accumulation of DP isomers during the exposure period, and selective accumulation of syn-DP was observed during the depuration period. No potential DP metabolites were detected in the fish tissues and in vitro metabolism systems. The main cause of this stereoselective DP isomer accumulation could have been the selective excretion of anti-DP isomer through the fish feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Chongqing Solid Wastes Management Center, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Shun-Xi Gu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China.
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Rong-Fa Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China.
| | - Wei-Keng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhong Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
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Lépine M, Verreault J. Biotransformation of Dec-604 and potential effect on thyroid deiodinase activity in highly flame retardant-exposed gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114268. [PMID: 36075477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have been identified as thyroid disruptors in birds including the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures, which have been replaced with other HFRs such as Dechlorane-604 (Dec-604). Dec-604 Component B (Dec-604 CB), a putative debrominated product of Dec-604, has been frequently reported in urban-adapted ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding in the Montreal area (QC, Canada). The metabolic pathways of Dec-604 are yet to be characterized, although the occurrence of Dec-604 CB in gulls may suggest that enzyme-mediated dehalogenation may occur, potentially involving the thyroid deiodinases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Dec-604 on type 1 deiodinase (DIO1) in the presence of thyroxine (T4) in an in vitro DIO1 assay using liver microsomes of ring-billed gulls that are highly exposed to HFRs in the Montreal area, and to determine whether DIO1 is involved in the in vitro debromination of Dec-604. We tested the in vitro activity of DIO1 in gull liver microsomes in the presence of five concentrations of Dec-604 ranging from 0.86 to 86.21 nM. HFR concentrations (Σ40HFR) were also determined in liver samples of gulls. Results showed that total DIO1 activity in gull liver microsomes was increased by three of the five concentrations of Dec-604. No relationship between liver Σ40HFR concentrations and DIO1 activity was observed, except for T2 formation rates that significantly decreased with increasing liver HFR concentrations. Moreover, greater Dec-604 CB to Dec-604 concentration ratios in activated gull microsomes (with the DIO1 cofactor dithiothreitol) were found at the intermediate Dec-604 concentration compared to controls. These results suggested that liver microsome DIO1 activity may be perturbed in ring-billed gulls exposed to Dec-604, and be involved at least in part, in the debromination of Dec-604 leading to the formation of Dec-604 CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Lépine
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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3
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Sorais M, Spiegel O, Mazerolle MJ, Giroux JF, Verreault J. Gulls foraging in landfills: Does atmospheric exposure to halogenated flame retardants result in bioaccumulation? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106369. [PMID: 33418198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several bird species have adapted to foraging in landfills, although these sites are known to represent significant sources of emissions of toxic semi-volatile chemicals including the halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and emerging compounds). The objective of this study was to investigate the association between atmospheric exposure to PBDEs and selected emerging HFRs and their bioaccumulation in landfill-foraging birds. We determined HFR concentrations in liver of 58 GPS-tagged ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding in a colony near Montreal (Canada) as well as their atmospheric exposure determined using a miniature bird-borne passive air sampler. PBDE mixtures were the most abundant HFRs determined in passive air samplers (daily exposure rates of ∑9PentaBDE: 47.4 ± 6.5 pg/day; DecaBDE: 36.0 ± 6.3 pg/day, and ∑3OctaBDE: 3.4 ± 0.5 pg/day) and liver (∑9PentaBDE: 68.1 ± 8.9 ng/g ww; DecaBDE: 52.3 ± 8.1 ng/g ww, and ∑3OctaBDE: 12.8 ± 2.1 ng/g ww), and their concentrations increased with the presence probability of gulls in landfills. We found a spatial relationship between the local sources of atmospheric exposure to PBDEs and the sites associated with greatest PBDE concentrations in liver. Specifically, the atmospheric exposure index was correlated with the bioaccumulation index (Pearson r for ∑9PentaBDE: r = 0.63, p < 0.001; DecaBDE: r = 0.66, p < 0.001, and ∑3OctaBDE: r = 0.42, p < 0.001). However, we found no correlation at the individual level between daily exposure rates of HFRs in passive air samplers and their liver concentrations. This suggests that complex exposure pathways combined with toxicokinetic factors shaped HFR profiles in gull liver, potentially confounding the relationships with atmospheric exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Sorais
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Orr Spiegel
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt (CEF), Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Groupe de recherche en écologie comportementale et animale (GRECA), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Smythe TA, Mattioli LC, Letcher RJ. Distribution behaviour in body compartments and in ovo transfer of flame retardants in North American Great Lakes herring gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114306. [PMID: 32163809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) continue to be an environmental concern. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are an important wildlife sentinel species, although very little information is available regarding the body distribution (limited to e.g. liver and blood) of these contaminants and in relation to depuration via in ovo transfer. Maternal transfer rates and distribution were presently determined in six body compartments from eight female, Great Lakes herring gulls and separate egg compartments from their entire clutch. Among the 25 PBDEs and 23 non-PBDE HFRs assessed, only six PBDE congeners (BDE-47/99/100/153/154/209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and Dechlorane Plus (syn- and anti-DDC-CO) were frequently detectable and quantifiable. Σ6BDE concentrations were an order of magnitude greater than non-PBDE HFR concentrations, and were greatest in the adipose (9641 ± 2436 ng/g ww), followed by egg yolk (699 ± 139 ng/g ww) > muscle (332 ± 545 ng/g ww) > liver (221 ± 65 ng/g ww) > plasma (85.4 ± 20.4 ng/g ww) > brain (54.6 ± 10.6 ng/g ww) > red blood cells (RBCs; 23.5 ± 5.6 ng/g ww) > albumen (7.3 ± 1.3 ng/g ww). Σ2DDC-CO and HBCDD were frequently below the method limit of quantification in the brain, RBCs, plasma, and albumen. Additionally, novel methoxylated-polybrominated diphenoxybenzene contaminants were detected and quantified in herring gull tissues and eggs. The primary difference in PBDE congener profiles was the resistance of both BDE-153 and -154 towards accumulation in the brain, and a corresponding increase in BDE-209 accumulation, which may suggest congener-specific differences in crossing the blood-brain barrier in herring gulls. Maternal transfer rates of PBDEs and non-PBDE HFRs were low (∼4.7 and ∼2.9 % respectively), suggesting that in ovo transfer is not a significant mode of depuration for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Smythe
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lisa C Mattioli
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Khidkhan K, Mizukawa H, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Nomiyama K, Yokoyama N, Ichii O, Takiguchi M, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M. Altered hepatic cytochrome P450 expression in cats after chronic exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:978-982. [PMID: 32435004 PMCID: PMC7399315 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression involved in chemical exposure are necessary in clinical applications for the medication and prediction of adverse effects. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression of CYP1–CYP3 families in cats exposed to BDE-209 for one year. All selected CYP isoforms showed no significant difference in
mRNA expressions between control and exposure groups, however, CYP3A12 and CYP3A131 revealed tend to be two times higher in the exposure group compared to control group. The
present results indicate that the chronic exposure of BDE209 could not alter CYP expression in the liver of cats. This result considered caused by the deficiency of CYP2B subfamily
which is major metabolism enzyme of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Zhou C, Pagano J, McGoldrick DJ, Chen D, Crimmins BS, Hopke PK, Milligan MS, Murphy EW, Holsen TM. Legacy Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Trends in Top Predator Fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL) from 1979 to 2016: Will Concentrations Continue to Decrease? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6650-6659. [PMID: 31141349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as fire retardants and have been detected throughout the Great Lakes (GL) ecosystem. The concentration trends (after fish age normalization) of PBDEs in top predator fish (lake trout and walleye) of the GLs were determined from 1979 to 2016, which includes most of the period when PBDEs were manufactured and used in this region. The fish samples were collected by two national (U.S. and Canada) long-term monitoring and surveillance programs. Trends in total concentrations (age-normalized) of the five major PBDE congeners (BDE-47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) found in fish across all five lakes have varied over time. Significant increases were observed from 1990 to 2000 (16.3% per year). Rapidly decreasing concentrations (-19.5% per year) were found from 2000 to 2007. Since 2007, the decreasing trend has become smaller (less than -5.5% per year) and relatively unchanged from 2011 to 2015. BDE-47, the congener with the highest concentrations in lake trout, has decreased continuously (ranging from -6.7% to -16.2% per year) in all lakes except Lake Erie. This decrease can be associated with the voluntary and regulatory phase out of production and/or usage of PBDEs since 2000. However, it has been offset by recent (since 2007) increasing trends of the other four higher brominated BDE congeners, especially BDE-100 and 154. Production and usage of commercial penta- and octa- BDE mixtures containing primarily the five major PBDE congeners was discontinued in 2004 in the U.S.A. and 2008 in Canada. These results indicate increasing fish uptake and bioaccumulation of higher brominated BDE congeners may be related to the transformation of BDE-209 to lower brominated BDE compounds in the GL environment or food web. Considering the abundance of BDE-209 in existing products and sediment in GL region, the duration of the unchanging total PBDE concentration trend in GL fish could be longer than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
| | - James Pagano
- Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Oswego , Oswego , New York 13126 , United States
| | - Daryl J McGoldrick
- Environment & Climate Change Canada , Water Science and Technology Directorate , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
- AEACS, LLC. , New Kensington , Pennsylvania 15068 , United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Michael S Milligan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , State University of New York at Fredonia , Houghton Hall , Fredonia , New York 14063 , United States
| | - Elizabeth W Murphy
- Great Lakes National Program Office , United States Environmental Protection Agency , 77 W. Jackson Boulevard , Chicago , Illinois 60604 , United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
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Li ZR, Luo XJ, Luo YL, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Comparative study of dechlorane plus (DP) in adult chickens and developing embryos: Stereo-selective bioaccumulation of DP in chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:550-555. [PMID: 30708317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although isomer-specific bioaccumulation of dechlorane plus (DP) has been addressed in many studies, it remains unclear which factors determine this process and whether biotransformation of DP occurs in organisms. Comparative experiments were conducted in both in vivo and in ovo incubation using hens and eggs to identify the dominant factors determining the bioaccumulation of DP. Hens and fertilized eggs were exposed to DP isomers (syn- and anti-DP) by feeding and spiking, respectively, to investigate absorption, elimination, and metabolism. No significant differences were found between absorption efficiencies of DP isomers in the adult hens. Following first-order kinetics, anti-DP exhibited a slightly longer half-life than syn-DP as well as an elevated anti-DP fraction in laid eggs, thereby suggesting selective enrichment of anti-DP in adult hens. However, chicken embryos metabolized approximately 12% and 28% of the absorbed syn- and anti-DP, respectively, thereby verifying that anti-DP was preferably metabolized. This result indicated that stereo-selective excretion of syn-DP, rather than preferred metabolism of anti-DP, played a more prominent role in isomer-specific bioaccumulation of DP in chickens. Further studies on metabolites of DP are crucial to understanding the fate of DP in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yuan-Lai Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Saini A, Clarke J, Jariyasopit N, Rauert C, Schuster JK, Halappanavar S, Evans GJ, Su Y, Harner T. Flame retardants in urban air: A case study in Toronto targeting distinct source sectors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:89-97. [PMID: 30665191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on distinct land-use categories, a sampling campaign was carried out at eight locations across Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area in 2016-2017. Source sectors' dependent patterns of atmospheric concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 5 novel flame retardants (NFRs) showed dominance of OPEs and PBDEs at highly commercialised urban and traffic sites, while NFRs, were dominant at residential sites. Overall, average concentrations of Σ9OPEs (1790 pg/m3) were two orders of magnitude higher than Σ9PBDEs (9.17 pg/m3) and Σ5NFRs (8.14 pg/m3). The atmospheric concentrations of given chemical classes also showed a general trend of lower levels in winter as compared to summer months. Statistically significant negative correlations between the natural logarithm of concentrations and inverse of temperature for some OPEs and PBDEs highlighted the role of volatilization from local sources at given sites as primarily influencing their atmospheric concentrations. Overall, this study adds to the current knowledge of urban settings as a major emitter of the chemicals of emerging concern and their replacements, as well as the ongoing problem of phased out PBDEs due to their presence in existing inventories of commercial/recycled products. It is recommended that long-term monitoring programs targeting flame retardants (FRs) include urban sites, which provide an early indicator of effectiveness of control measures of targeted FRs, while at the same time providing information on emission sources and trends of replacement FR chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Saini
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna Clarke
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narumol Jariyasopit
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmin K Schuster
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Greg J Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yushan Su
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Desjardins CF, Mazerolle MJ, Verreault J. Is the urban-adapted ring-billed gull a biovector for flame retardants? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:109-117. [PMID: 30321706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Birds may act as biovectors of nutrients and contaminants at the regional scale and potentially increase the exposure to such substances in ecosystems frequented by these birds. However, no study has estimated biotransport of contaminants by individual birds through their feces (guano). Elevated concentrations of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have been reported in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding near Montreal (QC, Canada)- a known hotspot for HFRs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and selected emerging HFRs (e.g., Dechlorane-related compounds) in guano of individual ring-billed gulls, and to assess the relative accumulation of these HFRs by comparing concentrations in plasma (absorbed) versus guano (excreted). A second objective was to determine the importance of one of the largest ring-billed gull colony (Deslauriers Island) in North America located near Montreal as a vector of HFR biotransport at the regional scale. Elevated concentrations of PBDEs and Dechlorane plus were determined in guano and plasma of ring-billed gulls, although in general no difference was found between males and females. However, plasma to guano concentration ratios were significantly greater in females for the highly hydrophobic BDE-209 and Dechlorane plus compared to males. Overall, for both sexes combined, the total amount of HFRs (sum of the 16 major PBDEs and five emerging HFRs) deposited by this entire colony (64,980 gulls) in the Montreal area through guano during the 28-days incubation period was estimated to 1 g. This study showed that urban-adapted ring-billed gulls from this large colony represent an underestimated biovector of HFRs, which may contribute to augment exposure to these toxic compounds in nearby ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé F Desjardins
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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10
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François A, Verreault J. Interaction between deca-BDE and hepatic deiodinase in a highly PBDE-exposed bird. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:108-114. [PMID: 29433018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that debromination of the major component in the deca-brominated diphenyl ether mixture (deca-BDE), BDE-209, occurs in vivo in birds. Recent work from our laboratory on breeding ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) exposed to elevated PBDE concentrations in the densely-populated metropolis of Montreal (Canada) further suggests that BDE-209 debromination is potentially catalyzed by deiodinases in liver microsomes. The first objective of this study was to determine if type 1 deiodinase (D1) was involved in the in vitro debromination of BDE-209 in liver microsomes of ring-billed gulls. The second objective was to determine if there was an interaction between D1 and BDE-209 using an in vitro D1 activity assay. No depletion of BDE-209 was observed in gull liver microsomes. A significant 42% increase in total D1 activity was found in gull liver microsomes at the medium BDE-209 concentration (1.0 nM), although not at the low (0.5 nM) or high (2.5 nM) concentrations, suggesting potential non-dose related interaction with D1. Moreover, no correlation was found between total D1 activity in liver microsomes and plasma thyroid hormone levels, although there was a negative relationship between plasma BDE-209 concentrations and FT3 levels. Results from this study suggest that debromination of BDE-209 did not occur using present in vitro assay conditions, although indicated potential interaction with D1 that may have implication on circulating thyroid hormone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony François
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
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11
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Strobel A, Willmore WG, Sonne C, Dietz R, Letcher RJ. Organophosphate esters in East Greenland polar bears and ringed seals: Adipose tissue concentrations and in vitro depletion and metabolite formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:240-250. [PMID: 29306196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
East Greenland is a contamination "hot spot" for long-range transported anthropogenic chemicals, including organophosphate esters (OPEs). High concentrations of OPEs have been reported in arctic air while very little is known for wildlife where OPE tissue residues levels appear to be strongly influenced by biotransformation. In the present study, the hepatic in vitro metabolism of six environmentally relevant organophosphate (OP) triesters and corresponding OP diester formation were investigated in East Greenland polar bears (PBs) and ringed seals (RSs). The in vitro metabolism assay results were compared to adipose levels in field samples from the same individuals. In vitro OP triester metabolism was generally rapid and structure-dependent, where PBs metabolized OPEs more rapidly than RSs. Exceptions were the lack of triethyl phosphate (TEP) metabolism and slow metabolism of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) in both species. OP diester metabolites were also formed with the exception of TEP which was not metabolized at all. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate was completely converted to its corresponding diester. However, the mass balances showed that OP diester formation corresponding to TEHP, tri(n-butyl) phosphate, and tris(2-butyoxyethyl) phosphate did not account for 100% of the OP triester depletion, which indicated alternate pathways of OP triester metabolism had occurred. Triphenyl phosphate was completely converted to its OP diester metabolite in PBs but not in RSs suggesting species-specific differences. The results demonstrated that OP triester bioaccumulation and fate in PBs versus their RS prey is substantially influenced by biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle Strobel
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - William G Willmore
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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12
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Tang B, Luo XJ, Huang CC, Sun RX, Wang T, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Stereoselective bioaccumulation of syn- and anti-Dechlorane plus isomers in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1339-1346. [PMID: 29102191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to syn- and anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) isomers to investigate absorption, tissue distribution, and stereoselective bioaccumulation of DP isomers. The absorption efficiencies of anti-DP in the gastrointestinal system were higher than those of syn-DP. A linear accumulation was found for both isomers in all fish tissues except for serum; and the liver and gill exhibited the highest and lowest DP assimilation efficiency, respectively. The elimination of DP isomers in all tissues followed first-order kinetics, with the fastest depuration rate occurring in the liver and serum. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) of both isomers were less than one in all tissues, except for serum. Anti-DP was preferably accumulated in the liver, gill, and serum, whereas syn-DP was selectively accumulated in the carcass and gastrointestinal tract. As a whole, fish did not show selective accumulation of the syn- or anti-DP isomer in the uptake stage, whereas a selective accumulation of syn-DP in fish was observed during the depuration period, which could be due to a selective excretion of anti-DP. Metabolism cannot be ruled out as a possible reason considering the high fanti values and the high elimination rate of DPs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Briels N, Løseth ME, Ciesielski TM, Malarvannan G, Poma G, Kjærvik SA, Léon A, Cariou R, Covaci A, Jaspers VLB. In ovo transformation of two emerging flame retardants in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:51-57. [PMID: 29149662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) are two chlorinated, alternative flame retardants that have been found in wild birds and bird eggs. Little is known about the fate and effect of these compounds in birds, especially during the vulnerable stages of embryonic development. To investigate the ability of birds to biotransform these compounds, an in ovo exposure experiment with Japanese quail eggs was performed. Quail eggs were injected in the yolk sac with 1000ng/g egg of TDCIPP (2.3 nmol/g ww), DP (1.5 nmol/g ww) or a mixture of both and were then incubated at 37.5°C for 17 days. To get a time-integrated understanding of the in ovo transformation of the compounds, one egg per treatment was removed from the incubator every day and analyzed for TDCIPP and its metabolite bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and/or for DP. By the end of the incubation period, TDCIPP was completely metabolized, while simultaneously BDCIPP was formed. The conversion of the parent compound into the metabolite did not occur proportionally and the concentration of BDCIPP showed a tendency to decrease when TDCIPP became depleted, both indicating that BDCIPP was further transformed into compounds not targeted for analysis. Further untargeted investigations did not show the presence of other metabolites, possibly due to the volatility of the metabolites. On the other hand, the DP concentration did not decrease during egg incubation. This study indicates that within the incubation period, avian embryos are able to biotransform TDCIPP, but not DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Briels
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Mari E Løseth
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sara A Kjærvik
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexis Léon
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR INRA 1329, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR INRA 1329, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Su G, Letcher RJ, Moore JN, Williams LL, Grasman KA. Contaminants of emerging concern in Caspian tern compared to herring gull eggs from Michigan colonies in the Great Lakes of North America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:154-164. [PMID: 28089466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs), 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 4 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual Caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the U.S. State of Michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from Michigan nesting sites on Two Tree Island (St, Mary's River), Charity Reef (Saginaw Bay) and Channel-Shelter Island (a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in Saginaw Bay). The same CEC suite was determined in 10 herring gull eggs on the Pipe Island Twins in the lower St. Mary's River. In tern eggs, the order of concentrations were ΣPFSA (mean: 793 ng/g wet weight (ww); range: 116-4690 ng/g ww) > ΣPFCAs (131; 30.4-506 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣPBDEs (86.7; 32.4-189 ng/g ww) » ΣNPHFRs (0.67; ND-4.3 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣOPEs (0.46; ND-2.89 ng/g ww). Compared to gull eggs collected from the same area, tern egg exposure contained significantly lower concentrations of ΣPBDE, but with up to 10 times greater mean concentrations of ΣPFSAs and ΣPFCAs. This study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring in eggs of different Great Lakes birds of PBDEs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) given that: 1) PBDE concentrations in all analyzed avian eggs exceeded or approached a concentration of 29 ng/g ww, which for birds is the current Canadian FEQG (Federal Environmental Quality Guideline); 2) ΣPBDE concentrations were comparable to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported in the literature; 3) PFOS concentrations in Caspian tern eggs were extremely high with many eggs across sites exceeding 1 ppm, and with the greatest being up to 4.7 ppm; and 4) PFEtCHxS, a potentially persistent and bioaccumulative substance, showed a detection frequency of 100% in 40 of the analyzed eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Su
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jeremy N Moore
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing Ecological Services Field Office, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lisa L Williams
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing Ecological Services Field Office, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keith A Grasman
- Department of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
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Huang L, Wang W, Zhang S, Tang S, Zhao P, Ye Q. Bioaccumulation and bound-residue formation of 14C-decabromodiphenyl ether in an earthworm-soil system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:591-599. [PMID: 27694023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) is one of the most frequently detected flame retardants in terrestrial environments. However, the fate of DecaBDE and its transport in an earthworm-soil system with and without a DecaBDE-degrading strain have rarely been evaluated. In this study, 14C-DecaBDE was self-synthesized, and a DBDE-degrading strain, Rhodococcus erythropolis, was used in an earthworm-soil system. DecaBDE showed limited degradation and mineralization after 35days of all treatments. The bound-residue (BR) formation in soil was <2.5% in the system containing earthworms, which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that observed in the absence of earthworms (<0.45%). DecaBDE could be adsorbed by the earthworms with a BSAF of ≤0.31. The distribution of 14C-DecaBDE concentrations in the earthworm roughly followed the pattern of crop gizzard>digestive system>head>tail>body wall, suggesting that DecaBDE was mainly uptaken through ingestion. Up to 31% of the 14C-DecaBDE in the earthworms was not extractable, revealing that the total concentration of accumulated 14C-DecaBDE was underestimated. The results also showed that the presence of DecaBDE-degrading bacteria did not significantly affect the fate of DecaBDE and its accumulation in earthworms. The study indicates that the conventional assessment of the bioaccumulation and ecological effects of DecaBDE, which is based only on extractable concentrations, may underestimate the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Shenghua Tang
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Greaves AK, Su G, Letcher RJ. Environmentally relevant organophosphate triesters in herring gulls: In vitro biotransformation and kinetics and diester metabolite formation using a hepatic microsomal assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 308:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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François A, Técher R, Houde M, Spear P, Verreault J. Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ethers and transcription and activity of type 1 deiodinase in a gull highly exposed to flame retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2215-2222. [PMID: 27336952 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deca-brominated diphenyl ether (deca-BDE), composed mainly of BDE-209, is subject to usage restrictions in North America and Europe, although global action on its continued use has yet to be undertaken. Relatively large concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially BDE-209 and its higher brominated degradation products, have been reported in tissues of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding near the densely populated city of Montreal (QC, Canada). There is limited knowledge of BDE-209 biotransformation and toxicokinetics in birds. Deiodinases, a class of enzymes catalyzing thyroid hormone conversion, have been suggested to be involved in BDE-209 debromination in birds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between PBDE concentrations and type 1 deiodinase (D1) transcription and in vitro activity (microsomes) in livers of Montreal-breeding ring-billed gulls. The ring-billed gulls exhibiting the highest D1 activity in liver microsomes accumulated the greatest liver concentrations of hepta-BDEs and octa-BDEs. Activity of D1 was inversely related to concentration ratios of BDE-209 to octa-BDEs and ∑hepta-BDE. An even stronger inverse relation was found between D1 activity and BDE-209 to ∑nona + octa + hepta-BDE concentration ratios. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of D1 in gull livers were inversely associated with liver concentrations of ∑octa-BDE. The present study's findings suggest that D1 is potentially involved in BDE-209 biotransformation and accumulation of higher brominated PBDEs in livers of ring-billed gulls. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2215-2222. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony François
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romy Técher
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Philip Spear
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Su G, Greaves AK, Teclechiel D, Letcher RJ. In Vitro Metabolism of Photolytic Breakdown Products of Tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene Flame Retardant in Herring Gull and Rat Liver Microsomal Assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8335-8343. [PMID: 27351066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene (TeDB-DiPhOBz) is used as a flame retardant chemical and has been hypothesized to be the precursor of methoxylated polybrominated diphenoxybenzene (MeO-PB-DiPhOBz) contaminants reported in herring gulls from sites across the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, by irradiating the parent TeDB-DiPhOBz (solution 1) with natural sunlight or UV, we prepared three solutions where solution 2 was dominated by the Br8-11-PB-DiPhOBzs, along with Br5-8-PB-DiPhOBzs (solution 3) and Br4-6-PB-DiPhOBzs (solution 4). The in vitro metabolism of TeDB-DiPhOBz and PB-DiPhOBzs was investigated using harvested wild herring gull (Larus argentatus) and adult male Wister-Han rat liver microsomal assays. After a 90 min incubation period of solution 1 in gull or rat microsomal assays, there was no significant (p > 0.05) depletion of TeDB-DiPhOBz. OH-PB-DiPhOBz metabolites were detectable after gull and rat microsomal assay incubation with solutions 3 or 4, and showed clear species-specific differences. Also detected were two polybrominated hydroxylated metabolites having polybenzofuran structures. Overall, this study suggested that TeDB-DiPhOBz is slowly metabolized in vitro, and also indicated that if wild herring gulls are exposed (e.g., via the diet) to photolytic products of TeDB-DiPhOBz, OH-PB-DiPhOBz and other metabolites could be formed. OH-PH-DiPhOBz are likely precursors to MeO-PB-DiPhOBz contaminants that we reported previously in eggs of wild Great Lakes herring gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Su
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alana K Greaves
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Daniel Teclechiel
- AccuStandard , 125 Market Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06513, United States
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Wu JP, Mo L, Zhi H, Peng Y, Tao L, Ren ZH, Luo XJ, Mai BX. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction in the common kingfisher from an electronic waste recycling site. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1594-1599. [PMID: 26509239 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of exposure to electronic waste (e-waste)-derived pollutants are an important issue. The authors explored the association between the hepatic levels of e-waste-derived halogenated contaminants (including polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs], and polybrominated biphenyls [PBBs]) and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity of the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) from an e-waste site and 2 reference sites in South China. The summed concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, and PBBs ranged from 620 ng/g to 15 000 ng/g, 25 ng/g to 900 ng/g, and 14 ng/g to 49 ng/g wet weight, respectively, in the kingfishers from the e-waste site, and these values were significantly greater (2-3 orders of magnitude) than those obtained at the 2 reference sites. Correspondingly, significant hepatic EROD induction was observed in the kingfishers from the e-waste site compared with the reference sites. The EROD activity was significantly correlated to the levels of most of the PCB and PBDE congeners examined as well as PBB 153, suggesting that EROD induction may be evoked by these e-waste-derived pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1594-1599. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-He Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Peng Y, Wu JP, Tao L, Mo L, Zheng XB, Tang B, Luo XJ, Mai BX. Accumulation of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in terrestrial passerines from a nature reserve in South China: the influences of biological and chemical variables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 514:77-82. [PMID: 25666277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have addressed the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) flame retardant in wildlife, few data are available on terrestrial organisms. This study examined the presence of DP isomers in the muscle tissue of seven terrestrial resident passerine species, i.e., the great tit (Parus major), the oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis), the red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), the light-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), the streak-breasted scimitar babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis), the long-tailed shrike (Lanius schach), and the orange-headed thrush (Zoothera citrina), from a national nature reserve located in South China. The ∑DP (sum of syn-DP and anti-DP) concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 104 ng/g lipid weight, with significantly higher levels in insectivorous birds than in omnivorous birds. The overall exposure to DP isomers of the current passerines may be attributed to the intensive release of this pollutant from electronic waste recycling sites and industrial zones in the vicinity of the nature reserve. Species-specific DP isomeric profiles were also found, with significantly greater fanti values (the isomer fractions of anti-DP) in the red-whiskered bulbul and the oriental magpie-robin. Additionally, the fanti values were significantly negatively correlated to ∑DP concentrations for the individual bird samples, suggesting the influence of DP concentrations on the isomeric profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Mo
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang DG, Guo MX, Pei W, Byer JD, Wang Z. Trophic magnification of chlorinated flame retardants and their dechlorinated analogs in a fresh water food web. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:293-300. [PMID: 25463253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated flame retardants, particularly dechlorane plus (DP), were widely used in commercial applications and are ubiquitous in the environment. A total of seven species of aquatic organisms were collected concurrently from the region of a chemical production facility in Huai’an, China. DP and structurally related compounds including mirex, dechloranes 602, 603, 604, chlordene plus (CP), DP monoadduct (DPMA), and two dechlorinated breakdown products of DP, decachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl(10)-DP) and undecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl(11)-DP), were detected in these aquatic organisms. Nitrogen stable isotope ratios were also measured to determine the trophic levels of the organisms. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for these chemicals were calculated with values ranging from 1.0 to 3.1. TMFs for CP, mirex, anti-DP, and ∑DP were statistically greater than 1, showing evidence of biomagnification in the food web. Concentration ratios of anti-Cl(11)-DP to anti-DP showed a significant relationship with trophic level, implying that anti-Cl(11)-DP had a higher food-web magnification potential than its precursor. The biota-sediment accumulation factors and TMFs for DP demonstrated stereoselectivity, with syn-DP having a greater bioaccumulation potential than anti-DP in the aquatic environment.
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Zheng XB, Luo XJ, Zeng YH, Wu JP, Mai BX. Sources, gastrointestinal absorption and stereo-selective and tissue-specific accumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in chicken. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:241-246. [PMID: 25113208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP) isomers, along with two dechlorinated metabolites were measured in environmental matrices, chyme and digestive tract contents and tissues of chicken from an e-waste recycling site located in South China. Soil is proved to be the main source of DP in chicken rather than food because soil contributes more than 94% of total DP in chyme. In the gastrointestinal tract absorption processes, no selective absorption was observed for DP isomers during the ingestion processes. The tissue distribution of DP isomers in chicken exhibits complicated characteristics. The lipid contents in tissues are the main factors in the tissue distribution of DP, while the different blood perfusion state and the different tissue functions also seem to influence the tissue distribution of DP. The fat, brain, and liver exhibit higher fanti values (0.65, 0.64, and 0.64) than the other tissues (0.54-0.59). The elevated fanti values of DP from the contamination source (0.52 in soil) to chicken suggest stereoselective bioaccumulation of anti-DP in chicken. The similar ratios of anti-Cl11-DP to anti-DP between soil and chicken imply that anti-Cl11-DP mainly derives from the uptake from environment rather than in vivo dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Letcher RJ, Marteinson SC, Fernie KJ. Dietary exposure of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) flame retardant: uptake, distribution, debromination and cytochrome P450 enzyme induction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:182-190. [PMID: 24317224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and evidence of debromination of the flame retardant 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) have been reported for biota, including raptorial birds, based on PBDE congener residues in tissues and eggs. However, in vivo studies with BDE-209-exposed birds are rare and unknown for a raptorial species. In the present study, males (n=22) of raptorial American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to 116,000ng of BDE-209 (high purity, >98%; in safflower oil) per day for 21days (~2,436,000ng total BDE-209 exposure over this uptake period), followed by a 25-day depuration period. Control males (n=11) received the safflower vehicle only. In the exposed birds, BDE-209 was quantifiable in all plasma (end of uptake and depuration period) as well as liver and fat (end of depuration only) samples. The mean (±SE) BDE-209 level in plasma was 1474±1145ng/g wet weight (ww) at the end of the uptake period, and was significantly (p<0.001) lower (88%) at 174±148ng/g ww after the 25day depuration period. This equates to a mean reduction rate of 52ng/g ww per day and a rough estimation of the BDE-209 half-life in plasma of approximately 14days. The mean (±SE) BDE-209 levels were 4668±6192ng/g ww in the fat, and 338±311ng/g ww in the liver, of exposed individuals, which were significantly (p≤0.001) greater than mean concentrations (25±20 in fat and 2.6±0.9ng/g ww in liver) in the control birds. In addition to BDE-209, lower brominated PBDE congeners, and mainly meta- and para-debromination products of BDE-209 were also quantified in plasma, liver and/or fat. We estimated based on the dose that at least 80% of the non-BDE-209 concentration in the kestrel tissues and plasma must be derived from BDE-209 debromination by the kestrels. Where quantifiable, lower brominated PBDE concentrations were significantly (0.023>p>0.001) higher in the exposed relative to the control bird samples (except for BDE-154 and -153 in fat). Additional PBDE congeners found in plasma included nona-BDEs (208, 207 and 206), followed by octa-BDEs (197, 196, 201 and 203), and in liver and/or fat, the hepta-BDEs 180 and 183 and BDE-153. Higher hepatic EROD activity (cytochrome P450 1A1 monooxygenase-mediation) in the exposed birds compared to control birds was strongly suggested to be PBDE-induced, and was consistent with BDE-209 and congener metabolism in the exposed kestrels. The mean EROD activity rate was 36.1pmol/min/mg protein relative to the (n=4) control birds whose activity was just above the detection limit (10.3pmol/min/mg protein). Overall, the results demonstrated that following diet exposure of kestrels to high purity BDE-209, uptake occurred as well as BDE-209 degradation via debromination to lower brominated PBDE congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah C Marteinson
- Avian Science and Conservation Centre, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Avian Science and Conservation Centre, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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Plourde SP, Moreau R, Letcher RJ, Verreault J. Is the bone tissue of ring-billed gulls breeding in a pollution hotspot in the St. Lawrence River, Canada, impacted by halogenated flame retardant exposure? CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2333-2340. [PMID: 24016627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a tightly regulated process that controls bone remodeling and repair in addition to maintaining circulating calcium and phosphate levels. It has been shown that certain organohalogen contaminants may adversely impact bone tissue metabolism and structure in wildlife species. However, exceedingly few studies have addressed the bone-related effects of organohalogen exposure in birds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between markers of bone metabolism and structural integrity, and concentrations of established and current-use halogenated flame retardants (FRs) in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) nesting in a known FR hotspot area in the St. Lawrence River (Montreal, Canada). Bone metabolism was assessed using plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, and alkaline phophatase activity, while bone (tarsus; trabecular and cortical sections) structure quality was examined using the percentage of bone tissue comprised in the total bone volume (Bv/Tv) and bone mineral density (BMD). Bv/Tv and BMD of the tarsus tended (not significant) to be positively associated with circulating calcium levels in male ring-billed gulls. Moreover, concentrations of FRs in male bird liver (brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-154, -183, -201, and -209) and plasma (BDE-209) were negatively correlated with trabecular and cortical BMD of the tarsus. These correlative associations may suggest light demineralization of bone tissue associated with FR exposure in male ring-billed gulls. Present findings provide some evidence that bone (tarsus) metabolism and mineral composition may be impacted in high FR-exposed (mainly to PBDEs) ring-billed gulls breeding in the highly urbanized Montreal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pellerin Plourde
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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