1
|
Soleimani Z, Haghshenas R, Farzi Y, Taherkhani A, Naddafi K, Hajebi A, Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Mirzaei S, Keyvani M, Saeify S, Kalantar R, Yunesian M, Mesdaghina A, Farzadfar F. Exposure and biomonitoring of PAHs in indoor air at the urban residential area of Iran: Exposure levels and affecting factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141886. [PMID: 38582159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air inside residential houses in Iran along with measuring the amount of 1-OHpyrene metabolite in the urine of the participants in the study was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Demographic characteristics (including age, gender, and body composition), equipment affecting air quality, and wealth index were also investigated. The mean ± standard error (SE) concentration of particulate matter 10 (PM10) and ∑PAHs in the indoor environment was 43.2 ± 1.98 and 1.26 ± 0.15 μg/m3, respectively. The highest concentration of PAHs in the indoor environment in the gaseous and particulate phase related to Naphthalene was 1.1 ± 0.16 μg/m3 and the lowest was 0.01 ± 0. 0.001 μg/m3 Pyrene, while the most frequent compounds in the gas and particle phase were related to low molecular weight hydrocarbons. 30% of the samples in the indoor environment have BaP levels higher than the standards provided by WHO guidelines. 68% of low molecular weight hydrocarbons were in the gas phase and 73 and 75% of medium and high molecular weight hydrocarbons were in the particle phase. There was a significant relationship between the concentration of some PAH compounds with windows, evaporative coolers, printers, and copiers (p < 0.05). The concentration of PAHs in houses with low economic status was higher than in houses with higher economic status. The average concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene metabolite in the urine of people was 7.10 ± 0.76 μg/L, the concentration of this metabolite was higher in men than in women, and there was a direct relationship between the amount of this metabolite in urine and the amount of some hydrocarbon compounds in the air, PM10, visceral fat and body fat. This relationship was significant for age (p = 0.01). The concentration of hydrocarbons in the indoor environment has been above the standard in a significant number of non-smoking indoor environments, and the risk assessment of these compounds can be significant. Also, various factors have influenced the amount of these compounds in the indoor air, and paying attention to them can be effective in reducing these hydrocarbons in the air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimani
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yosef Farzi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taherkhani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Hajebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saham Mirzaei
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, Italian National Research Council Potenza, Italy
| | - Maryam Keyvani
- Environmental Health Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahedeh Saeify
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Kalantar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mesdaghina
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie QW, Chen R, Wang K, Lu J, Wang F, Zhou X. Associations of latent patterns of parent‒child communication with communication quality and mental health outcomes among Chinese left-behind children. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:332. [PMID: 38297309 PMCID: PMC10829291 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent‒child communication in migrant families is essential to family bonds and the mental health of left-behind children (LBC). Little is known about the different patterns of communication between migrant parents and LBC and associated communication quality and mental health outcomes. METHODS A sample of 2,183 Chinese children (mean age = 12.95 ± 1.29 years) from Anhui province, including LBC whose parents had both migrated (n = 1,025) and children whose parents had never migrated (never-LBC, n = 1,158), was analyzed. With the LBC sample, latent class analysis was applied to identify the patterns of parent‒child communication. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between the sociodemographic variables and class membership of LBC. Analysis of covariance and chi-square tests were used to compare communication quality and mental health outcome differences among the classes of LBC and between each of the classes and never-LBC. RESULTS Five latent classes of communication formed through different media or channels between migrant parents and their LBC were identified. Higher household economic status (OR = 2.81, p < 0.05) was associated with adequate communication. LBC in Class 1, defined by frequent technologically-mediated and face-to-face communication, had a significantly higher quality of communication with their migrant parents (F = 8.92, p < 0.001) and better mental health than those in other latent classes; these children did not have significantly worse mental health outcomes compared to never -LBC. CONCLUSIONS Facilitating multichannel parent‒child communication is a practical way of reducing mental health inequities between LBC and their peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wen Xie
- Department of Social Welfare and Risk Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center for Common Prosperity, Future Regional Development Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Social Welfare and Governance, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Roujia Chen
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- The Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center & Center for Urban Governance Studies, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xudong Zhou
- The Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Liu Q, Song S, Li W, Feng Y, Cong X, Ji Y, Li P. The association between internal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and risk of Obesity-A systematic review with meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138669. [PMID: 37059208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is emerging as a risk factor for obesity, but with conflicting findings. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate and summarize the current evidence towards the associations between PAHs exposure and risk of obesity. We conducted a systematic search of online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to April 28, 2022. Eight cross-sectional studies with data from 68,454 participants were included. The present study illustrated that there was a significant positive association between naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total OH-PAH metabolites and risk of obesity, the pooled OR (95% CI) was estimated at 1.43 (1.07, 1.90), 1.54 (1.18, 2.02), and 2.29 (1.32, 3.99), respectively. However, there was no significant association between fluorene (FLUO) and1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) metabolite and risk of obesity. Subgroup analyses showed that associations between PAHs exposure and risk of obesity were more apparent in children, female, smokers and developing regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shanjun Song
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Weixia Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiangru Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yaqin Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Li Z. Developing a profile of urinary PAH metabolites among Chinese populations in the 2010s. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159449. [PMID: 36244474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose significant health risks. However, no nationwide cohort has been established to consistently record biomonitoring data on PAH exposure in the Chinese population. Biomonitoring data from 56 published studies were combined in this study to develop a profile of urinary PAH metabolites among Chinese population in the 2010s. The stacked column charts described the composition profiles of hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) in general, special, and occupational populations. Hydroxynaphthalene (OH-Nap) and hydroxyfluorene (OH-Flu) accounted for more than half of the urinary OH-PAH in general and special populations. The urine of the occupational populations contained a significant amount of hydroxyphenanthrene (OH-Phe) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr). Furthermore, this study analyzed the distribution profiles of non-occupationally exposed populations, such as spatial distribution, age distribution, and trends over time. The population of the Southern region had higher urinary OH-PAH concentrations than the population of the Northern region. Adults (45-55 years old) had the highest level of internal PAH exposure. Between 2010 and 2018, the overall trend of urinary OH-PAHs in Chinese general populations decreased. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) revealed that 1-OHNap and 1-OHPyr were better at distinguishing internal PAH exposure among different populations. The sum of OH-Flu and OH-Phe in urine can be used to assess the impact of indoor and outdoor environments on human exposure to PAHs. Our findings suggest that more emphasis should be placed on collecting biomonitoring data for adults of all ages (particularly in the Northern region) and vulnerable populations. In conclusion, this study advocates for the establishment of a nationwide cohort study of Chinese populations as soon as possible in the future to evaluate the Chinese population's exposure to environmental contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mlyczyńska E, Bongrani A, Rame C, Węgiel M, Maślanka A, Major P, Zarzycki P, Ducluzeau PH, De Luca A, Bourbao-Tournois C, Froment P, Rak A, Dupont J. Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Human Serum and Adipose Tissues and Stimulatory Effect of Naphthalene in Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021455. [PMID: 36674971 PMCID: PMC9861916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most prevalent classes of environmental pollutants. Some evidence shows that PAHs could be involved in human obesity. However, little is known about the distribution patterns of PAHs in human adipose tissue (AT) and the role of PAHs on adipogenesis/lipogenesis. The aims of this pilot study were to determine concentrations of 16 PAHs defined as high-priority pollutants in the plasma and adipose tissue of French and Polish bariatric patients, as well as their correlation with body mass index (BMI), plasma and AT adipokines expression levels. We finally investigated the role of naphthalene on cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The concentration of most PAHs was similar in the three types of AT and it was significantly higher in AT as compared to plasma, suggesting bioaccumulation. Polish patients had higher PAH levels in AT than French ones. Only the concentration of naphthalene in AT was positively correlated with the BMI and serum or adipose chemerin, adiponectin and resistin expression, in French but not in Polish patients, who had significantly higher BMIs. Moreover, naphthalene exposure increased the cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and lipogenesis, and increased the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis after cell differentiation. Taken together, PAHs and more particularly naphthalene could be an obesogenic molecule and increase the risk of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Rame
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Małgorzata Węgiel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Zarzycki
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- CHRU of Tours, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- CHRU of Tours, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, 37032 Tours, France
- Nutrition, Growth and Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37032 Tours, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-42-77-89; Fax: +33-2-47-42-77-43
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Liu Y, Xiong S, Wang X, Zhang H, Li Q, Liao J, Fang D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Zhang L, He C, An S, Chen W, Zhou Y, Shen X. Characteristics of exposure to 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites among pregnant women: cohort of pregnant women in Zunyi, southwest China. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:34-41. [PMID: 36424171 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites exposure levels of pregnant women in the underdeveloped region of Zunyi, southwest China. METHODS Sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaires, and urine samples were collected at the same time. A total of 3047 pregnant women participated in the study. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect the urine concentrations of 10 PAH metabolites. A generalised linear model (GLM) was used to identify predictive factors of PAH metabolites. RESULTS All PAH metabolites had a detection rate greater than 60% (67.21%-90.57%) except for 4-OH-PHE at 55.54%. The median concentrations were 0.02-0.11 µg/g Cre except for 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 2-OH-FLU and 9-OH-FLU (0.36-0.50 µg/g Cre). The cluster analysis identified the phenanthrene and fluorene metabolite clusters (containing no other metabolites), while naphthalene metabolites (1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP) could not be clustered without other metabolites. GLM analysis identified that pregnant women with the following characteristics have high urinary concentration of PAH metabolites: overweight, in the last trimester of pregnancy, distance between their house and main traffic lines as <5 m, use fuel for cooking, passive smoking, renovated their residence for less than 3 years, middle family income and office workers. CONCLUSION The results clarified pregnant women from the economically underdeveloped area could be the victims of PAHs. In addition, PAHs present a demographic and seasonal differential distribution, which will aid in the development of targeted interventions and reduce exposure to PAHs during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingkuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Renjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Derong Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Linglu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Xishui County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Xishui County People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Meitan County People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Caidie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Associations Between Gestational Chemical Mixtures and Child Neurodevelopment. Epidemiology 2023; 34:45-55. [PMID: 36166205 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsupervised machine learning techniques have become increasingly popular for studying associations between gestational exposure mixtures and human health. Latent profile analysis is one method that has not been fully explored. METHODS We estimated associations between gestational chemical mixtures and child neurodevelopment using latent profile analysis. Using data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) research platform, a longitudinal cohort of pregnant Canadian women and their children, we generated latent profiles from 27 gestational exposure biomarkers. We then examined the associations between these profiles and child Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full-Scale IQ, measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition (WPPSI-III). We validated our findings using k-means clustering. RESULTS Latent profile analysis detected five latent profiles of exposure: a reference profile containing 61% of the study participants, a high monoethyl phthalate (MEP) profile with moderately low persistent organic pollutants (POPs) containing 26%, a high POP profile containing 6%, a low POP profile containing 4%, and a smoking chemicals profile containing 3%. We observed negative associations between both the smoking chemicals and high MEP profiles and all IQ scores and between the high POP profile and Full-Scale and Verbal IQ scores. We also found a positive association between the low POP profile and Full-Scale and Performance IQ scores. All associations had wide 95% confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS Latent profile analysis is a promising technique for identifying patterns of chemical exposure and is worthy of further study for its use in examining complicated exposure mixtures.
Collapse
|
8
|
Alkema LM, Van Lissa CJ, Kooi M, Koelmans AA. Maximizing Realism: Mapping Plastic Particles at the Ocean Surface Using Mixtures of Normal Distributions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15552-15562. [PMID: 36305282 PMCID: PMC9670840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Current methods of characterizing plastic debris use arbitrary, predetermined categorizations and assume that the properties of particles are independent. Here we introduce Gaussian mixture models (GMM), a technique suitable for describing non-normal multivariate distributions, as a method to identify mutually exclusive subsets of floating macroplastic and microplastic particles (latent class analysis) based on statistically defensible categories. Length, width, height and polymer type of 6,942 particles and items from the Atlantic Ocean were measured using infrared spectroscopy and image analysis. GMM revealed six underlying normal distributions based on length and width; two within each of the lines, films, and fragments categories. These classes differed significantly in polymer types. The results further showed that smaller films and fragments had a higher correlation between length and width, indicating that they were about the same size in two dimensions. In contrast, larger films and fragments showed low correlations of height with length and width. This demonstrates that larger particles show greater variability in shape and thus plastic fragmentation is associated with particle rounding. These results offer important opportunities for refinement of risk assessment and for modeling the fragmentation and distribution of plastic in the ocean. They further illustrate that GMM is a useful method to map ocean plastics, with advantages over approaches that use arbitrary categorizations and assume size independence or normal distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise M. Alkema
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 DDWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar J. Van Lissa
- Department
Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LETilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Kooi
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 DDWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert A. Koelmans
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 DDWageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Zhu L, James-Todd T, Sun Q. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excretion and regional body fat distribution: evidence from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016. Environ Health 2022; 21:75. [PMID: 35945606 PMCID: PMC9364531 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants that may contribute to the etiology of obesity. However, it is unclear whether PAHs from environmental sources are associated with regional body fat distribution, and whether the association varies across racial/ethnic groups who may have differential PAH exposure patterns. OBJECTIVES To examine correlations between PAHs and body fat distribution, and potential racial/ethnic differences among U.S. adults. METHODS Ten PAHs were measured in spot urine samples from 2691 non-smoking adults (age ≥ 20 years) in the NHANES 2001-2016. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat mass percent (FM%). Partial Pearson correlation coefficients (r) with multivariable adjustment were used to assess PAH-FM% associations. RESULTS In the total population, 1-naphthalene, 3-fluorene, and 1-pyrene were inversely correlated with total FM% or trunk FM% (adjusted r ranged: - 0.06 to - 0.08), while 2-naphthalene, 9-fluorene, and 4-phenanthrene were positively correlated with the FM% measurements (r: 0.07-0.11). PAH levels are highest among non-Hispanic Blacks, followed by Hispanics and Whites and some of the correlations were different by these races/ethnicities. Among non-Hispanic Whites, no PAH was correlated with FM%. In contrast, 9-fluorene was positively correlated with total FM% (r = 0.20) and trunk FM% (r = 0.22) among Blacks, and 4-phenanthrene was positively correlated with total FM% (r = 0.23) and trunk FM% (r = 0.24) among Hispanics (P-interaction: 0.010-0.025). DISCUSSION In this US adult population, certain PAHs are significantly associated with higher body fat contents among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics but not non-Hispanic Whites, suggesting that minority groups might be particularly susceptible to PAH's obesogenic effects or the effects of other factors that determine the PAH exposure levels. Alternatively, differences in body composition may contribute to differential PAH metabolism in minority groups. Future studies are warranted to explore the racial/ethnic disparity in PAH exposures, drivers of these exposure differences, and mechanisms through which PAHs may influence body composition by races/ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tao LP, Li X, Zhao MZ, Shi JR, Ji SQ, Jiang WY, Liang QJ, Lei YH, Zhou YY, Cheng R, Shi Z, Deng W, Zhu J, Zhang SY. Chrysene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, induces hepatotoxicity in mice by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130108. [PMID: 33711793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic global environmental pollutants and cause harmful effects on human health. Here, we evaluated adverse effects of chrysene, which is a four-ring PAH and an important member of 16 priority PAHs, on the liver. Chrysene was detected in some common raw and cooked Chinese food samples. Hepatotoxicity including increased relative liver weight, hepatocyte swelling and degeneration, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were observed in chrysene-exposed C57BL/6 mice. Glutamine treatment effectively ameliorated chrysene-induced mice liver injury by decreasing serum ALT levels. Chrysene induced mice hepatic glutathione depletion and oxidative DNA damage with increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Hepatic expression levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR-related target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, and AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) were significantly increased in chrysene-exposed C57BL/6 mice. Chrysene induced mice hepatic mRNA levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes including NQO1, UGT1A1, UGT1A6, SULT1A1, GSTm1, GSTm3, Catalase (CAT), GPx1, and SOD2. We found that chrysene had toxic effects including increased relative liver weight and elevated serum ALT levels on AhR+/+ mice but not AhR-/- mice. Chrysene significantly induced hepatic mRNA levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in AhR+/+ mice but not AhR-/- mice. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that hepatotoxicity causes by chrysene is dependent on AhR, and Nrf2 plays an important regulation role in protection against oxidative liver injury induced by chrysene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jing-Ru Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Si-Qi Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Liang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yu-Hang Lei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yi-Yao Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wenhai Deng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiayin Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Larsen A, Kolpacoff V, McCormack K, Seewaldt V, Hyslop T. Using Latent Class Modeling to Jointly Characterize Economic Stress and Multipollutant Exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1940-1948. [PMID: 32856601 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work is needed to better understand how joint exposure to environmental and economic factors influence cancer. We hypothesize that environmental exposures vary with socioeconomic status (SES) and urban/rural locations, and areas with minority populations coincide with high economic disadvantage and pollution. METHODS To model joint exposure to pollution and SES, we develop a latent class mixture model (LCMM) with three latent variables (SES Advantage, SES Disadvantage, and Air Pollution) and compare the LCMM fit with K-means clustering. We ran an ANOVA to test for high exposure levels in non-Hispanic black populations. The analysis is at the census tract level for the state of North Carolina. RESULTS The LCMM was a better and more nuanced fit to the data than K-means clustering. Our LCMM had two sublevels (low, high) within each latent class. The worst levels of exposure (high SES disadvantage, low SES advantage, high pollution) are found in 22% of census tracts, while the best levels (low SES disadvantage, high SES advantage, low pollution) are found in 5.7%. Overall, 34.1% of the census tracts exhibit high disadvantage, 66.3% have low advantage, and 59.2% have high mixtures of toxic pollutants. Areas with higher SES disadvantage had significantly higher non-Hispanic black population density (NHBPD; P < 0.001), and NHBPD was higher in areas with higher pollution (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Joint exposure to air toxins and SES varies with rural/urban location and coincides with minority populations. IMPACT Our model can be extended to provide a holistic modeling framework for estimating disparities in cancer survival.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Larsen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Viktoria Kolpacoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kara McCormack
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaston SA, Birnbaum LS, Jackson CL. Synthetic Chemicals and Cardiometabolic Health Across the Life Course Among Vulnerable Populations: a Review of the Literature from 2018 to 2019. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 7:30-47. [PMID: 32037478 PMCID: PMC7187897 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although vulnerable populations are disproportionately exposed to synthetic chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties, few recent reviews have summarized the impact of synthetic chemicals on cardiometabolic health among these groups. RECENT FINDINGS Of 37 eligible epidemiological studies among vulnerable populations published between January 2018 and April 2019 in which over half were prospective, the most investigated populations were pregnant women and children. Racial/ethnic minorities, individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES), and those occupationally exposed were studied the least. The most studied persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and the most studied non-POPs were phenols. Across chemical classes, studies found certain POPs (e.g., PFAS) and non-POPs (i.e., phenols, phthalates, and parabens) to be associated with gestational diabetes and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Results for other cardiometabolic health outcomes were inconsistent but suggested certain chemicals may negatively affect cardiometabolic health. Synthetic chemicals likely adversely affect cardiometabolic health, but current findings were inconclusive. Few recent studies focused on racial/ethnic minorities, low SES, and occupationally exposed populations. To address poor cardiometabolic health and related disparities, more studies across vulnerable populations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang H, Shi Z, Wang XX, Cheng R, Lu M, Zhu J, Deng W, Zeng Y, Zhao LY, Zhang SY. Phenanthrene, but not its isomer anthracene, effectively activates both human and mouse nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and induces hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 378:114618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|