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Imai T, Miyamoto K, Sezaki A, Kawase F, Shirai Y, Abe C, Sanada M, Inden A, Sugihara N, Honda T, Sumikama Y, Nosaka S, Shimokata H. Traditional japanese diet score and the sustainable development goals by a global comparative ecological study. Nutr J 2024; 23:38. [PMID: 38509554 PMCID: PMC10956220 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the environmental impact of the food supply is important for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. Previously, we developed the Traditional Japanese Diet Score (TJDS) and reported in a global ecological study that the Japanese diet is associated with reducing obesity and extending healthy life expectancy etc. We then examined the relationship between the TJDS and environmental indicators. METHODS The average food (g/day/capita) and energy supplies (kcal/day/capita) by country were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division database. The TJDS was calculated from eight food groups (beneficial food components in the Japanese diet: rice, fish, soybeans, vegetables, and eggs; food components that are relatively unused in the traditional Japanese diet: wheat, milk, and red meat) by country using tertiles, and calculated the total score from - 8 to 8, with higher scores meaning greater adherence to the TJDS. We used Land Use (m2), Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 2007/2013 (kg CO2eq), Acidifying emissions (g SO2eq), Eutrophying emissions (g PO43- eq), Freshwater (L), and water use (L) per food weight by Poore et al. as the environmental indicators and multiplied these indicators by each country's average food supply. We evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the TJDS and environmental indicators from 2010 to 2020. This study included 151 countries with populations ≥ 1 million. RESULTS Land use (β ± standard error; -0.623 ± 0.161, p < 0.001), GHG 2007 (-0.149 ± 0.057, p < 0.05), GHG 2013 (-0.183 ± 0.066, p < 0.01), Acidifying (-1.111 ± 0.369, p < 0.01), and Water use (-405.903 ± 101.416, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with TJDS, and Freshwater (45.116 ± 7.866, p < 0.001) was positively associated with TJDS after controlling for energy supply and latitude in 2010. In the longitudinal analysis, Land Use (β ± standard error; -0.116 ± 0.027, p < 0.001), GHG 2007 (-0.040 ± 0.010, p < 0.001), GHG 2013 (-0.048 ± 0.011, p < 0.001), Acidifying (-0.280 ± 0.064, p < 0.001), Eutrophying (-0.132 ± 0.062, p < 0.05), and Water use (-118.246 ± 22.826, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with TJDS after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSIONS This ecological study suggests that the traditional Japanese dietary pattern might improve SDGs except Fresh water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Imai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Keiko Miyamoto
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayako Sezaki
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kawase
- Department of Nutrition, Asuke Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Shirai
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Persuasive Technology Group, Life Science Laboratories, KDDI Research, Inc, Fujimino, Japan
| | - Chisato Abe
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tsu City College, Mie, Japan
| | - Masayo Sanada
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Heisei College of Health Sciences, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Inden
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norie Sugihara
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshie Honda
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuta Sumikama
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Saya Nosaka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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2
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Ran Y, Cederberg C, Jonell M, Bergman K, De Boer IJM, Einarsson R, Karlsson J, Potter HK, Martin M, Metson GS, Nemecek T, Nicholas KA, Strand Å, Tidåker P, Van der Werf H, Vanham D, Van Zanten HHE, Verones F, Röös E. Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e172-e187. [PMID: 38453383 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Ran
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christel Cederberg
- Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Malin Jonell
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Bergman
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Imke J M De Boer
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rasmus Einarsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Karlsson Potter
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Martin
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geneviève S Metson
- Department of Geography and Environment, Social Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Ecological and Environmental Modeling Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nemecek
- Agroscope, Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Åsa Strand
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Tidåker
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hayo Van der Werf
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, l'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | | | - Hannah H E Van Zanten
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen Universityand Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Verones
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Röös
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Sachdeva B, Puri S, Aeri BT. Environmental imprints of agricultural and livestock produce: A scoping review from South Asian countries. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:2157-2169. [PMID: 37767760 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural activities in 2020 have resulted in 5.5 billion tons of CO2 equivalent globally, which is expected to rise because the food system would have to grow 70% more food for the population in 2050. Research suggests that agricultural productivity in South Asian countries, will increase food security; however, the role of their food crops and livestock products in environmental imprints is uncertain. This review aimed to assess the environmental impacts resulting from pre- and post-production agricultural activities related to edible food crops and livestock products consumed in eight South Asian countries. METHODS Studies were retrieved using three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct) from 2011 to 2022. The protocol for this scoping review was not registered. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in India. Twenty-four articles assessed greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, followed by water footprints (n = 5), nitrogen and phosphorus (N&P) emissions (n = 4), and land requirements (n = 4). The production of rice and wheat was identified as a significant contributor to GHG emissions. In India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, the production of livestock (meat/bovine/shrimp and milk) was reported to be harmful to the environment. Inconclusive data were retrieved for other environment variables. CONCLUSIONS Diversification in food production and cultivating additional coarse cereals (millets) offer opportunities for GHG reduction. Nevertheless, more comprehensive and longitudinal studies for South Asian countries are essential to make precise conclusions and validate the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha Sachdeva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Puri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bani Tamber Aeri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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4
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Nguyen SD, Biesbroek S, Le TD, Feskens EJM, Brouwer ID, Talsma EF. Environmental impact and nutrient adequacy of derived dietary patterns in Vietnam. Front Nutr 2023; 10:986241. [PMID: 37485385 PMCID: PMC10358330 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.986241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objective Improving diet quality while decreasing environmental impacts is an important challenge for a healthy and sustainable food system. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the most common dietary patterns per female household member and explore the diet quality and environmental impacts of these patterns. Methodology The nationally representative General Nutrition Survey of 2009-2010 (n = 8,225 households) was used to derive dietary patterns using principal component analysis (PCA) based on 18 food groups as input variables. Quintiles of the highest adherence (Q5) and lowest adherence (Q1) were generated based on the factor score of each dietary pattern. Nutrient adequacy and dietary diversity scores (DDS) were calculated to measure diet quality, and greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) and blue water use (BWU) were selected as environmental impact indicators. Results Using PCA, three distinct dietary patterns were identified: an Omnivorous, Traditional, and Pescatarian pattern. Compared to the Traditional pattern, the Omnivorous and Pescatarian patterns (Q5s) were associated with a higher nutrient adequacy, with mean probability of adequacy of 0.51 in both patterns, compared to 0.45 in the Traditional pattern. However, environmental impacts in terms of GHGE and BWU per 2,000 kcal were considerably higher in the Omnivorous pattern (6.14 kg CO2-eq. and 0.15 m3/kg) compared to all other pattern's Q5s. The GHGE was lowest in the Traditional pattern (4.18 kg CO2-eq.) and the Pescatarian pattern has the lowest BWU (0.12 m3/kg). Conclusion Despite that diet quality was slightly better in all three patterns compared to the average diet of the total population, environmental impact was also higher. Therefore, future research is needed to develop a more optimal diet that considers both diet quality and environmental impact to explore the trade-offs between diet quality and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son D. Nguyen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sander Biesbroek
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tuyen D. Le
- National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge D. Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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5
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García S, Bouzas C, Mateos D, Pastor R, Álvarez L, Rubín M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Goday A, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Lopez-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Riquelme-Gallego B, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Bes-Rastrollo M, Guillem-Saiz P, Nishi S, Cabanes R, Abete I, Goicolea-Güemez L, Gómez-Gracia E, Signes-Pastor AJ, Colom A, García-Ríos A, Castro-Barquero S, Fernández-García JC, Santos-Lozano JM, Vázquez Z, Sorlí JV, Pascual M, Castañer O, Zulet MA, Vaquero-Luna J, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Babio N, Ciurana R, Martín-Sánchez V, Tur JA. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and adherence to Mediterranean diet in an adult population: the Mediterranean diet index as a pollution level index. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36600281 PMCID: PMC9814202 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research related to sustainable diets is is highly relevant to provide better understanding of the impact of dietary intake on the health and the environment. AIM To assess the association between the adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and the amount of CO2 emitted in an older adult population. DESIGN AND POPULATION Using a cross-sectional design, the association between the adherence to an energy-reduced Mediterranean Diet (erMedDiet) score and dietary CO2 emissions in 6646 participants was assessed. METHODS Food intake and adherence to the erMedDiet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaire and 17-item Mediterranean questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics were documented. Environmental impact was calculated through greenhouse gas emissions estimations, specifically CO2 emissions of each participant diet per day, using a European database. Participants were distributed in quartiles according to their estimated CO2 emissions expressed in kg/day: Q1 (≤2.01 kg CO2), Q2 (2.02-2.34 kg CO2), Q3 (2.35-2.79 kg CO2) and Q4 (≥2.80 kg CO2). RESULTS More men than women induced higher dietary levels of CO2 emissions. Participants reporting higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole cereals, preferring white meat, and having less consumption of red meat were mostly emitting less kg of CO2 through diet. Participants with higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet showed lower odds for dietary CO2 emissions: Q2 (OR 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-1.00), Q3 (OR 0.69; 95%CI: 0.69-0.79) and Q4 (OR 0.48; 95%CI: 0.42-0.55) vs Q1 (reference). CONCLUSIONS The Mediterranean diet can be environmentally protective since the higher the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the lower total dietary CO2 emissions. Mediterranean Diet index may be used as a pollution level index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia García
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosario Pastor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain
| | - Laura Álvarez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - María Rubín
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University Autonomous of Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José J Gaforio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program.IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Guillem-Saiz
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephanie Nishi
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Cabanes
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Goicolea-Güemez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, and Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio José Signes-Pastor
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antoni Colom
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Ríos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-García
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Pascual
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jessica Vaquero-Luna
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - F Javier Basterra-Gortari
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Osasunbidea, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Ramon Ciurana
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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6
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Martinez S, Alvarez S, Martinez Marin R, Delgado MDM. Feeding children with environmentally based dietary guidelines: The Nitrogen Footprint of school lunch menus adhering to the Spanish dietary guidelines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157796. [PMID: 35931147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is at an early development stage the best opportunity for a society to learn the concepts of sustainable production and consumption. Schools can serve as effective and efficient ways for this purpose. This work quantifies the Nitrogen Footprint (NF) of twelve school menus developed following the Spanish dietary guidelines. The analysis considers six fall school menus and six spring school menus for 7 to 12 years old children. Fall menus present higher NF than spring menus, being on average 23 g N and 19 g N, respectively. This is mainly due to the presence of beef dishes in fall menus, which significantly increase the production NF. Menus including non-meat protein sources, such as legumes, exhibit the lowest N pollution. Menus with beef dishes remain the most intensive menus for fall and spring in terms of N pollution and energy intake, being 0.04 g N/kcal. The highest contributing stage to the total NF is the production (92.6 %), followed by consumption (5.8 %), while the distribution and cooking stages present lower contributions. In order to improve the overall NF, some reduction strategies are: (1) substitution of beef with other animal meat sources, (2) substitution of beef with non-meat sources, (3) improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency, and (4) recycling non-edible food. Substituting beef with non-meat sources achieves the highest reduction (76 %) compared to the total NF of the school menus. It is recommendable to include environmental aspects related to N emissions within the school guidelines in order to provide practical information to policymakers and guide-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martinez
- Department of Land Morphology and Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Saint Louis University Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Alvarez
- Department of Land Morphology and Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Martinez Marin
- Department of Land Morphology and Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Del Mar Delgado
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Wang L, Huang W, Zhao C, Hu Y, Cui S. Exploring the environment-nutrition-obesity effects associated with food consumption in different groups in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115287. [PMID: 35642807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unsustainable diet is one of the main reasons for the nutrition-health-environment trilemma. However, information on environment-nutrition-obesity effects associated with food consumption is still limited. This study analyzes these diet-related impacts of different groups classified by various socio-economic attributes: location, gender, age, income, education, and occupation. We applied the samples in China Health and Nutrition Survey and divided them into advantaged group and dis-advantaged group according to the probability of access to more nutritious food. Results show that the advantaged groups had higher and more rapidly increasing dietary and nutrition quality than their counterpart during 1997-2011. On the contrary, the non-advantaged group' body mass index increased faster. Meanwhile, the high-income group as well as government and professional & technological workers have passed the criterion for overweight. The environmental footprints, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and water footprints, of high-income group were higher 89%, 70%, 98%, and 41% than low-income group, respectively. Notably, food consumption sustainability of each group has declined, and the non-advantaged groups' is much more sustainable. We concluded that inequality existed and tends to expand in food consumption and its related impacts of different socio-economic groups. A reformed responsibility allocation system is needed during dietary transition for better environmental management. Strategies to improve dietary quality for advantaged group focus on improving the types of high-quality protein foods, such as milk and seafood, while the non-advantaged group can choose to increase the types of high-quality but relatively cheap foods like vegetables and fruits considering the availability and living cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization jointly built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuanchao Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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8
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Athare TR, Pradhan P, Singh SRK, Kropp JP. India consists of multiple food systems with scoioeconomic and environmental variations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270342. [PMID: 36018832 PMCID: PMC9416984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in India accounts for 18% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uses significant land and water. Various socioeconomic factors and food subsidies influence diets in India. Indian food systems face the challenge of sustainably nourishing the 1.3 billion population. However, existing studies focus on a few food system components, and holistic analysis is still missing. We identify Indian food systems covering six food system components: food consumption, production, processing, policy, environmental footprints, and socioeconomic factors from the latest Indian household consumer expenditure survey. We identify 10 Indian food systems using k-means cluster analysis on 15 food system indicators belonging to the six components. Based on the major source of calorie intake, we classify the ten food systems into production-based (3), subsidy-based (3), and market-based (4) food systems. Home-produced and subsidized food contribute up to 2000 kcal/consumer unit (CU)/day and 1651 kcal/CU/day, respectively, in these food systems. The calorie intake of 2158 to 3530 kcal/CU/day in the food systems reveals issues of malnutrition in India. Environmental footprints are commensurate with calorie intake in the food systems. Embodied GHG, land footprint, and water footprint estimates range from 1.30 to 2.19 kg CO2eq/CU/day, 3.89 to 6.04 m2/CU/day, and 2.02 to 3.16 m3/CU/day, respectively. Our study provides a holistic understanding of Indian food systems for targeted nutritional interventions on household malnutrition in India while also protecting planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Ramchandra Athare
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- ICAR ATARI Pune, Pune, India
| | - Prajal Pradhan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Juergen P. Kropp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Bauhaus Earth gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Wang J, Sun S, Yin Y, Wang K, Sun J, Tang Y, Zhao J. Water-Food-Carbon Nexus Related to the Producer-Consumer Link: A Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:938-952. [PMID: 35254401 PMCID: PMC9156389 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the water-food-carbon nexus is key to promoting the harmonious development of human society and environmental resources. The sustainable development of agricultural production systems is being challenged by water scarcity and climate change. Crop growth and irrigation consume large amounts of water, and greenhouse gases are generated due to processes such as fertilizer application and enteric fermentation. These environmental impacts accompany the agricultural production process and are thus embedded in the entire life cycle of diverse food items; in turn, consumers' food choices indirectly impact water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing agricultural water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during food production have become crucial issues in mitigating the projected water, climate, and food crises. From the consumer's perspective, diets vary regionally due to different natural conditions for food production and varying socioeconomic and income levels. This review delves into the interactions between diet and its potential environmental impacts, including water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, in order to support further development of the water-food-carbon nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Shikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Yali Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Yihe Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
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10
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Guiné RDPF, Pato MLDJ, da Costa CA, da Costa DDVTA, da Silva PBC, Martinho VJPD. Food Security and Sustainability: Discussing the Four Pillars to Encompass Other Dimensions. Foods 2021; 10:2732. [PMID: 34829013 PMCID: PMC8622412 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unadjusted intake of food constitutes a real challenge for the several sustainability dimensions. In this perspective, the main objectives of this research are to characterise the current contexts of food security, its relationship with sustainability, and identify proposals and actions that may support the design of more adjusted policies in the future. In addition, it is intended to assess if the food security pillars properly address the sustainability goals and if the evolution of undernutrition is accompanied by sustainable frameworks. In this way, statistical information from the FAOSTAT database was considered for the several dimensions of food security over the period 2000-2020. These data were analysed through factor-cluster approaches and panel data methodologies, namely those related to quantile regressions. As main insights, we may refer that undernutrition is more impacted by the availability of food and nutrients and political stability than by the level of GDP-Gross Domestic Product (except for the extreme cases). This means that the level of development is not the primary explanation for the problems of nutrition. The main focus of the national and international policies must be to improve the agrifood supply chains and to support political stability, in order to mitigate undernutrition worldwide and ensure a global access to sustainable and healthy diets. In addition, it is suggested to rethink the four pillars of food security (availability, access, utilisation and stability), in order to encompass other dimensions, such as climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho
- Agricultural School (ESAV) and CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (R.d.P.F.G.); (M.L.d.J.P.); (C.A.d.C.); (D.d.V.T.A.d.C.); (P.B.C.d.S.)
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11
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Raza MY, Khan AN, Khan NA, Kakar A. The role of food crop production, agriculture value added, electricity consumption, forest covered area, and forest production on CO 2 emissions: insights from a developing economy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:747. [PMID: 34689240 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have quantified the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with energy consumption, agriculture value added, food crop production, forest covered area, and forest production in various countries. However, past studies have ignored the long-term and short-term effects of these factors on CO2. This study used data from 1980 to 2018 and applied the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) technique to test long-run and short-run effects of these factors on CO2 emission in the Pakistani context. The results revealed that in short-run food crop production, forest covered area and forest production have capacity to reduce CO2 emission. However, in long run, energy consumption and agriculture value added along with food crop production, forest covered area, and forest production are negatively and significantly related to CO2 emission which shows that these sectors, in long run, have capacity to mitigate emissions. Additionally, results also show that food crop production and forest covered area are more effective to reduce CO2 emission as compared to other sectors. The robustness of the results was supported by using additional models and tests. This study provides scholars with valuable insights and also helps government authorities and policymakers to develop comprehensive strategies to reduce carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousaf Raza
- School of Economics, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Ali Nawaz Khan
- School of Economics and Management, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, PR China.
| | - Naseer Abbas Khan
- Department of Industrial Economics and Project Management, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Allauddin Kakar
- DS Research Command and Staff College Quetta, Quetta, Pakistan
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12
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Ali Z, Scheelbeek PFD, Sanin KI, Thomas TS, Ahmed T, Prentice AM, Green R. Characteristics of Distinct Dietary Patterns in Rural Bangladesh: Nutrient Adequacy and Vulnerability to Shocks. Nutrients 2021; 13:2049. [PMID: 34203961 PMCID: PMC8232582 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security in Bangladesh has improved in recent years, but the country is now facing a double burden of malnutrition while also being highly vulnerable to climate change. Little is known about how this may affect food supply to different sectors of the population. To inform this, we used a national dietary survey of 800 rural households to define dietary patterns using latent class analysis. Nutrient adequacy of dietary patterns and their potential vulnerability to climate shocks (based on diversity of calorie sources) were assessed. We fitted mixed effects logistic regression models to identify factors associated with dietary patterns. Four dietary patterns were identified: rice and low diversity; wheat and high diversity; pulses and vegetables; meat and fish. The wheat and high diversity and meat and fish patterns tended to be consumed by households with higher levels of wealth and education, while the rice and low diversity pattern was consumed by households with lower levels of wealth and education. The pulses and vegetables pattern was consumed by households of intermediate socio-economic status. While energy intake was high, fat and protein intake were suboptimal for all patterns except for the wheat and high diversity pattern. All patterns had fruit and vegetable intake below the WHO recommendation. The wheat and high diversity pattern was least vulnerable to shocks, while the rice and low diversity pattern was the most vulnerable, relying mainly on single cereal staples. The diets showed "double vulnerability" where the nutrient inadequate patterns were also those most vulnerable to shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakari Ali
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia;
| | - Pauline F. D. Scheelbeek
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Kazi Istiaque Sanin
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (K.I.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Timothy S. Thomas
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 1201 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20005, USA;
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (K.I.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia;
| | - Rosemary Green
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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13
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Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Environment, Economy, Society, and Policy. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agri-food systems (AFS) have been central in the debate on sustainable development. Despite this growing interest in AFS, comprehensive analyses of the scholarly literature are hard to find. Therefore, the present systematic review delineated the contours of this growing research strand and analyzed how it relates to sustainability. A search performed on the Web of Science in January 2020 yielded 1389 documents, and 1289 were selected and underwent bibliometric and topical analyses. The topical analysis was informed by the SAFA (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems) approach of FAO and structured along four dimensions viz. environment, economy, society and culture, and policy and governance. The review shows an increasing interest in AFS with an exponential increase in publications number. However, the study field is north-biased and dominated by researchers and organizations from developed countries. Moreover, the analysis suggests that while environmental aspects are sufficiently addressed, social, economic, and political ones are generally overlooked. The paper ends by providing directions for future research and listing some topics to be integrated into a comprehensive, multidisciplinary agenda addressing the multifaceted (un)sustainability of AFS. It makes the case for adopting a holistic, 4-P (planet, people, profit, policy) approach in agri-food system studies.
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14
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Need and Importance of Nutrition Informatics in India: A Perspective. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061836. [PMID: 34072133 PMCID: PMC8230128 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition informatics (NI) is the effective retrieval, organization, storage, and optimum use of information, data and knowledge for food-and-nutrition-related problem-solving and decision-making. There is a growing opportunity to facilitate technology-enabled behavioral change interventions to support NI research and practice. This paper highlights the changing landscape of food and nutrition practices in India to prepare a NI workforce that could provide some valuable tools to address the double burden of nutrition. Management and interpretation of data could help clarify the relationships and interrelationships of diet and disease in India on both national and regional levels. Individuals with expertise in food and nutrition may receive training in informatics to develop national informatics systems. NI professionals develop tools and techniques, manage various projects and conduct informatics research. These professionals should be well prepared to work in technological settings and communicate data and information effectively. Opportunities for training in NI are very limited in developing countries. Given the current progress in developing platforms and informatics infrastructure, India could serve as an example to other countries to promote NI to support achieving SDGs and other public health initiatives.
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15
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Blakstad MM, Danaei G, Tadesse AW, Damerau K, Bellows AL, Canavan CR, Bliznashka L, Zack R, Myers SS, Berhane Y, Fawzi WW. Life expectancy and agricultural environmental impacts in Addis Ababa can be improved through optimized plant and animal protein consumption. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:291-298. [PMID: 37118473 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In Ethiopia, children and adults face a double burden of malnutrition, with undernutrition and stunting coexisting with non-communicable diseases. Here we use a framework of comparative risk assessment, local dietary surveys and relative risks from large observational studies to quantify the health and environmental impacts of meeting adult and child recommended daily protein intakes in urban Addis Ababa. We find that plant-based foods, especially legumes, would have the lowest environmental impact and substantially increase life expectancy in adults, while animal-source proteins could be beneficial for children. This context-specific approach-accounting for regional constraints and trade-offs-could aid policymakers in developing culturally appropriate, nutritionally adequate and sustainable dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Blakstad
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amare W Tadesse
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kerstin Damerau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Vocational Education and Work Studies, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra L Bellows
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsey R Canavan
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilia Bliznashka
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Zack
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Myers
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Binns CW, Lee MK, Maycock B, Torheim LE, Nanishi K, Duong DTT. Climate Change, Food Supply, and Dietary Guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:233-255. [PMID: 33497266 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Food production is affected by climate change, and, in turn, food production is responsible for 20-30% of greenhouse gases. The food system must increase output as the population increases and must meet nutrition and health needs while simultaneously assisting in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Good nutrition is important for combatting infection, reducing child mortality, and controlling obesity and chronic disease throughout the life course. Dietary guidelines provide advice for a healthy diet, and the main principles are now well established and compatible with sustainable development. Climate change will have a significant effect on food supply; however, with political commitment and substantial investment, projected improvements will be sufficient to provide food for the healthy diets needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Some changes will need to be made to food production, nutrient content will need monitoring, and more equitable distribution is required to meet the dietary guidelines. Increased breastfeeding rates will improve infant and adult health while helping to reduce greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;
| | - Bruce Maycock
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom.,Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium of Public Health (APACPH), APACPH KL Secretariat Office, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway,
| | - Keiko Nanishi
- Office of International Academic Affairs, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Doan Thi Thuy Duong
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
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17
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Damerau K, Davis KF, Godde C, Herrero M, Springmann M, Bhupathiraju SN, Myers SS, Willett W. India has natural resource capacity to achieve nutrition security, reduce health risks and improve environmental sustainability. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:631-639. [PMID: 37128104 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development of India's food system must ensure a growing population is fed while minimizing both widespread malnutrition and the environmental impacts of food production. After assessing current adequacy of nutrient supplies at the national level, associated natural resource use (land, fresh water) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we apply an integrated subnational environmental and nutritional optimization approach to explore resource constraints that might limit the achievement of national food self-sufficiency goals. We find that India currently has the capacity to produce sufficient amounts of nutritious foods, supplying vitamins and minerals that would mostly exceed requirements. Regional cropland use could be reduced by up to 50%, water demand by up to 65% and combined resource inputs by up to 40% while still supporting adequate nutrition. Associated GHG emissions would decline by 26-34% and could possibly be sequestered in agroforestry systems. Such dietary shifts could lower the number of diet-related premature deaths by 14-30%. Achieving these potential gains, however, would require a major transition from current production and consumption patterns, particularly of refined cereals, to free-up resources for more traditional and nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Frankel Davis
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cécile Godde
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Samuel S Myers
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Athare TR, Pradhan P, Kropp JP. Environmental implications and socioeconomic characterisation of Indian diets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139881. [PMID: 32783825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
India is facing a double burden of malnourishment with co-existences of under- and over-nourishment. Various socioeconomic factors play an essential role in determining dietary choices. Agriculture is one of the major emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in India, contributing 18% of total emissions. It also consumes freshwater and uses land significantly. We identify eleven Indian diets by applying k-means cluster analysis on latest data from the Indian household consumer expenditure survey. The diets vary in calorie intake [2289-3218 kcal/Consumer Unit (CU)/day] and dietary composition. Estimated embodied GHG emissions in the diets range from 1.36 to 3.62 kg CO2eq./CU/day, land footprint from 4 to 5.45 m2/CU/day, whereas water footprint varies from 2.13 to 2.97 m3/CU/day. Indian diets deviate from a healthy reference diet either with too much or too little consumption of certain food groups. Overall, cereals, sugar, and dairy products intake are higher. In contrast, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, pulses, and nuts is lower than recommended. Our study contributes to deriving required polices for the sustainable transformation of food systems in India to eliminate malnourishment and to reduce the environmental implications of the food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Ramchandra Athare
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany; ICAR -Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone IX, Jabalpur, India.
| | - Prajal Pradhan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juergen P Kropp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Shankar B. Nutrition under natural resource constraints. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:594. [PMID: 37128103 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-00170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Shankar
- Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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20
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Is India Ready for Alt-Meat? Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Meat Alternatives. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the consumer preferences of next-generation plant-based and cell-based meat alternatives, two food technologies that offer a demand-side solution to the environmental, nutritional, and other societal concerns associated with animal-intensive agriculture. To address this gap, this paper estimates consumers’ willingness to pay for four sources of protein (conventional meat, plant-based meat, cell-based meat, and chickpeas) in a developing country with rising demand for meat—India. A latent class model of a discrete choice experiment conducted in Mumbai identifies four heterogeneous segments in the Indian market. Aggregating across all four segments, respondents are willing to pay a premium for plant-based meat and a smaller premium for cell-based meat over the price of conventional meat. However, our main findings show that these premiums strongly differ across the four consumer-class segments. The results offer important insights into future price points and policy options that might make these meat alternatives commercially successful, and therefore, a viable option in addressing societal concerns.
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21
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Abstract
Substantial growth in food production has occurred from a narrowing diversity of crops over the last 50 y. Agricultural policies have largely focused on the single objective of maximizing production with less attention given to nutrition, climate, and environment. Decisions about sustainable food systems require quantifying and assessing multiple dimensions together. In India, diversifying crop production to include more coarse cereals, such as millets and sorghum, can make food supply more nutritious, reduce resource demand and greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance climate resilience without reducing calorie production or requiring more land. Similar multidimensional approaches to food production challenges in other parts of the world can identify win–win scenarios where food systems meet multiple nutritional, environmental, and climate resilience goals. Sustainable food systems aim to provide sufficient and nutritious food, while maximizing climate resilience and minimizing resource demands as well as negative environmental impacts. Historical practices, notably the Green Revolution, prioritized the single objective to maximize production over other nutritional and environmental dimensions. We quantitatively assess outcomes of alternative production decisions across multiple objectives using India’s rice-dominated monsoon cereal production as an example. We perform a series of optimizations to maximize nutrient production (i.e., protein and iron), minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and resource use (i.e., water and energy), or maximize resilience to climate extremes. We find that increasing the area under coarse cereals (i.e., millets, sorghum) improves nutritional supply (on average, +1% to +5% protein and +5% to +49% iron), increases climate resilience (1% to 13% fewer calories lost during an extreme dry year), and reduces GHGs (−2% to −13%) and demand for irrigation water (−3% to −21%) and energy (−2% to −12%) while maintaining calorie production and cropped area. The extent of these benefits partly depends on the feasibility of switching cropped area from rice to coarse cereals. Based on current production practices in 2 states, supporting these cobenefits could require greater manure and draft power but similar or less labor, fertilizer, and machinery. National- and state-level strategies considering multiple objectives in decisions about cereal production can move beyond many shortcomings of the Green Revolution while reinforcing the benefits. This ability to realistically incorporate multiple dimensions into intervention planning and implementation is the crux of sustainable food production systems worldwide.
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