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Ye Z, Xiao Z, Gong Q, Peng Y, Li J, Zhao X, Zhang B, Wang S. Preparation of landscape gardening soil using undersized fraction from aged MSW by EDTA or citric acid coupled with humic acid: Effect assessment, properties, and optimization. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:192-205. [PMID: 38329723 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2290727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW), as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants. The characteristics and effectiveness of heavy metal pollution removal in UFAMSW attracted tremendous research interest from scientists recently. In this study, the heavy metal removal efficiencies and bioavailability of washing on contaminated UFAMSW were evaluated with three washing reagents including ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and humic acid (HA). The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn, and Mn could be 53.68%, 52.12%, and 30.63% by EDTA/HA washing and 42.36%, 39.67% and 28.49% by CA/HA washing, respectively. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction was applied to analyze the fraction change of heavy metals in UFAMSW before and after washing, and it was found that chelating agent combined with HA could contribute to the removal of the exchangeable fraction. Physical and chemical properties of UFAMSW were improved to some extent after washing with mixed HA and chelating agent and could achieve the quality standard of landscape gardening soil. Accordingly, the mixture of HA and other chelating agents could be a promising washing process for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.Implications: Our manuscript studies the removal of heavy metals from the contaminated undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW). UFAMSW, as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants however often limited by heavy metal pollution. The UFAMSW used in this experiment was collected after the excavation and screening-sorting of aged refuse from Changshankou Domestic Waste Sanitary Landfill in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Southern China. This study investigated the effects of EDTA, CA, HA, mixed EDTA/HA, and mixed CA/HA washing on heavy metal removal (Cu, Zn, and Mn), bioavailability of residual heavy metal and properties. The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and then response surface methodology was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results showed that washing by CA/HA and EDTA/HA, had a higher removal efficiency of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in UFAMSW compared to single HA. Meanwhile, HA has a higher removal for exchangeable fraction of heavy metals, the exchangeable concentration of Cu, Zn, and Mn in CA/HA and EDTA/HA washed UFAMSW were lower compared with UFAMSW washed by single CA and EDTA. Thus, mixing HA with EDTA or CA makes a less risk to environmental and the removal efficiency is acceptable. Additionally, CA/HA and EDTA/HA washing tend to improve soil physicochemical properties and soil fertility. Thus, mixing HA with different washing agent are potential methods for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chief Engineer Office, Shenzhen Tongchuang Environment Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghua Xiao
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Rahman S, Saito M, Yoshioka S, Ni S, Wong KH, Mashio AS, Begum ZA, Rahman IMM, Ohta A, Hasegawa H. Evaluation of newly designed flushing techniques for on-site remediation of arsenic-contaminated excavated debris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112052-112070. [PMID: 37824052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Excavated debris (soil and rock) contaminated with geogenic arsenic (As) is an increasing concern for regulatory organizations and construction stakeholders. Chelator-assisted soil flushing is a promising method for practical on-site remediation of As-contaminated soil, offering technical, economic, and environmental benefits. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is the most prevalent chelator used for remediating As-contaminated soil. However, the extensive environmental persistence and potential toxicity of EDTA necessitate the exploration of eco-compliant alternatives. In this study, the feasibility of the conventional flushing method pump-and-treat and two newly designed immersion and sprinkling techniques were evaluated at the laboratory scale (small-scale laboratory experiments) for the on-site treatment of As-contaminated excavated debris. Two biodegradable chelators, L-glutamic acid-N,N'-diacetic acid (GLDA) and 3-hydroxy-2,2'-iminodisuccinic acid (HIDS), were examined as eco-friendly substitutes for EDTA. Additionally, this study highlights a useful post-treatment measure to ensure minimal mobility of residual As in the chelator-treated debris residues. The pump-and-treat method displayed rapid As-remediation (t, 3 h), but it required a substantial volume of washing solution (100 mL g-1). Conversely, the immersion technique demonstrated an excellent As-extraction rate using a relatively smaller washing solution (0.33 mL g-1) and shorter immersion time (t, 3 h). In contrast, the sprinkling technique showed an increased As-extraction rate over an extended period (t, 48 h). Among the chelators employed, the biodegradable chelator HIDS (10 mmol L-1; pH, 3) exhibited the highest As-extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the post-treatment of chelator-treated debris with FeCl3 and CaO successfully reduced the leachable As content below the permissible limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqur Rahman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Makoto Saito
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shoji Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shengbin Ni
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kuo H Wong
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zinnat A Begum
- Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University, Arefin Nagar, Bayezid Bostami, Chattogram, 4210, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima City, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Akio Ohta
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Boros-Lajszner E, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. Evaluation and Assessment of Trivalent and Hexavalent Chromium on Avena sativa and Soil Enzymes. Molecules 2023; 28:4693. [PMID: 37375248 PMCID: PMC10303346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) can exist in several oxidation states, but the two most stable forms-Cr(III) and Cr(VI)-have completely different biochemical characteristics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how soil contamination with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the presence of Na2EDTA affects Avena sativa L. biomass; assess the remediation capacity of Avena sativa L. based on its tolerance index, translocation factor, and chromium accumulation; and investigate how these chromium species affect the soil enzyme activity and physicochemical properties of soil. This study consisted of a pot experiment divided into two groups: non-amended and amended with Na2EDTA. The Cr(III)- and Cr(VI)-contaminated soil samples were prepared in doses of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg Cr kg-1 d.m. soil. The negative effect of chromium manifested as a decreased biomass of Avena sativa L. (aboveground parts and roots). Cr(VI) proved to be more toxic than Cr(III). The tolerance indices (TI) showed that Avena sativa L. tolerates Cr(III) contamination better than Cr(VI) contamination. The translocation values for Cr(III) were much lower than for Cr(VI). Avena sativa L. proved to be of little use for the phytoextraction of chromium from soil. Dehydrogenases were the enzymes which were the most sensitive to soil contamination with Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Conversely, the catalase level was observed to be the least sensitive. Na2EDTA exacerbated the negative effects of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on the growth and development of Avena sativa L. and soil enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.B.-L.); (J.K.)
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang S, Wang QH, Si SC, Mei HY, Liu GM, Pan XL, Luo YM. Removal of Cd from contaminated farmland soil by washing with residues of traditional Chinese herbal medicine extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31461-31470. [PMID: 36449237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is one of the effective methods for permanent removal of heavy metals from farmland soil, and selection of washing agents determines heavy metal removal efficiency. However, there is still a lack of cost-efficient and eco-friendly washing agents. In this study, three residues of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (RTCHM) extracts: residues of Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Zucc. (RPM), residues of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (RSC), and residues of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (RCP), were tested for their potential of Cd removal. The variations in amounts and compositions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and citric acid were responsible for the difference in Cd removal efficiencies of RTCHM extracts. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis showed that hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine were the main functional groups of RTCHM extracts to chelate with heavy metals. The optimum conditions for RTCHM extracts were 100 g L-1 concentration, solid-liquid ratio 1:10, pH 2.50, and contact time of 1 h, and the highest Cd removal efficiencies of RPM, RSC, and RCP extracts reached 35%, 11%, and 15%, respectively. The ecological risk of Cd decreased significantly due to the decrease of exchangeable and reducible Cd fractions. RTCHM extracts washing alleviated soil alkalinity and had little effect on soil cation exchange capacity. Meanwhile, the concentrations of soil organic matter and nitrogen were enhanced significantly by RPM extracts and the activities of soil catalase and urease were also improved. Overall, among the tested extracts, RPM extracts was a much more feasible and environment-friendly washing agent for the remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory, of Coastal Environment Process, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qi-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shao-Cheng Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory, of Coastal Environment Process, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Han-Yi Mei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guo-Ming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiang-Liang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yong-Ming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory, of Coastal Environment Process, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Yantai, 264003, China.
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Sun H, Song Y, Liu W, Zhang M, Duan T, Cai Y. Coupling soil washing with chelator and cathodic reduction treatment for a multi-metal contaminated soil: Effect of pH controlling. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Yu X, Liao W, Wu Q, Wei Z, Lin X, Qiu R, Chen Y. Green remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by cellulose nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130312. [PMID: 36356520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were used as a novel, green eluent to remediate Cd-contaminated soil in this study. The influence of washing conditions on the removal of Cd, including CNC concentration, pH value, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, contact time and temperature were investigated. The effect of CNC remediation of Cd-contaminated soil on soil health and the possible remediation mechanism were also explored. The results showed that CNC concentration, pH value and contact time had a significant effect on the removal efficiency of Cd. CNC rapidly removed heavy metals in soil within 30 min. When the pH value of the eluent was 9.0, the removal efficiency of Cd could reach 86.3 %. The eluent mainly removed exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cd, which could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. CNC washing had no negative effects on seed growth, species abundance and Shannon index. C-O, -COO- groups on CNC played an important role in the reaction between CNC and soil Cd, and other oxygen-containing functional groups on CNC could also assist in adsorption, ion exchange and chemical complexation processes. Therefore, cellulose nanocrystals had the potential to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils in a green and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Yu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weishan Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qitang Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zebin Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianke Lin
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Baccaro AL, Seki CC, Nishimura FG, Cordon LD, Carvalho LA, Gutz IG. Effectiveness of metal–EDTA-polluted water treatment and metal recovery at drop-casted films of TiO2 under UV-LED irradiation: a photoelectrochemical study. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Noller C, Friesl-Hanl W, Hood-Nowotny R, Watzinger A. Remediating Garden Soils: EDTA-Soil Washing and Safe Vegetable Production in Raised Bed Gardens. TOXICS 2022; 10:652. [PMID: 36355942 PMCID: PMC9696853 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil remediation is an important practice in the restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soils and reduce the heavy metal exposure of the local population. Here, we investigated the effect of an ex-situ soil washing technique, based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent, on a contaminated Cambisol. Lead, Cd and Zn were investigated in different soil fractions, drainage water and four vegetables from August 2019 to March 2021. Three treatments consisting of (C) contaminated soil, (W) washed soil and (WA) washed soil amended with vermicompost and biochar were investigated in an outdoor raised bed set up. Our results showed that the total and bioavailable metal fractions were significantly reduced but failed to meet Austrian national guideline values. Initial concentrations in the soil leachate increased significantly, especially for Cd. Vegetables grown on the remediated soil took up significantly lower amounts of all heavy metals and were further reduced by the organic amendment, attaining acceptable values within EU guideline values for food safety. Only spinach exceeded the thresholds in all soil treatments. The increase in soil pH and nutrient availability led to significantly higher vegetable yields.
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Assessment of Trace Metals Contamination, Species Distribution and Mobility in River Sediments Using EDTA Extraction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126978. [PMID: 35742226 PMCID: PMC9222726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on speciation image of selected trace metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb) in bottom sediments was determined. The influence on the effectiveness of metal removal of extraction multiplicity, type of metal, extraction time and concentration of EDTA were analyzed. With the increase of extraction multiplicity, the concentration of EDTA and contact time, the efficiency of trace metals leaching increased. The speciation analysis revealed that EDTA not only leached metals from bioavailable fractions, but also caused the transition of the metals between the fractions. The biggest amounts of bioavailable forms were found for Cd, less for Zn. The amount of bioavailable fraction was the lowest for Cu and Pb. The two first-order kinetic models fitted well the kinetics of metals extraction with EDTA, allowing the metals fractionation into "labile" (Q1), "moderately labile" (Q2) and "not extractable" fractions (Q3).
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Zhang Q, Cheng YF, Huang BC, Jin RC. A review of heavy metals inhibitory effects in the process of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128362. [PMID: 35121298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological technology for treating ammonium-rich wastewaters. However, due to the high sensitivity of anammox bacteria, many external factors have inhibitory effects on this process. As one of the commonly found toxic substances in wastewater, heavy metals (HMs) are possible to cause inhibition on anammox sludge, which then results in a declined treatment performance. Getting insights into the response mechanism of anammox sludge to HMs is meaningful for its application in treating this kind of wastewater. This review summarized the effect of different HMs on treatment performance of anammox bioreactor. In addition, the mechanism of toxication raised by HMs was discussed. Also, the potential mitigation strategies were summarized and the future prospects were outlooked. This review might provide useful information for both scientific research on and engineering application of anammox process for treating HMs containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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Guo X, Chen Y, Han W, Wang L, Gao L, Zhang G, He Q. Heavy metals removal from sewage sludge with mixed chelators of N, N-bis(carboxymethyl) glutamic acid and citric acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:255-263. [PMID: 32544022 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1783373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mixed chelators (MC) of N, N-bis(carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA) and citric acid (CA), which were biodegradable chelating ligand, were employed to remove heavy metals from sewage sludge. The extraction of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cr from sludge was studied under different experimental conditions. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of heavy metals from both sludges were the highest with MC of GLDA and CA at the molar ratio of 1:5. For the sludge of plant A, the extraction efficiencies increased with increasing contact time, but only slowly increase was observed after 24 h. However, for the sludge of plant B, the removal efficiencies were significantly decreased after 16 h, and sharply decreased after 24 h. The removal efficiencies of heavy metals decreased with the increase of the solution pH, while they increased with the increase of the solution concentration. For the sludge of plant A, single washing with 200 mmol·L-1 MC might be favourable to remove heavy metals. However, for the sludge of plant B, duplicate washing with 100 mmol·L-1 MC could remove much more heavy metals. The concentration of Cu in sludge of plant B decreased from 695.79-139.16 mg·kg-1, which was conformed to the standard (GB 4284-2018). These results suggested that MC may be useful and environmentally friendly chelators in the removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Guo
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Chen
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Gao
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiusheng He
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Kaurin A, Gluhar S, Maček I, Kastelec D, Lestan D. Demonstrational gardens with EDTA-washed soil. Part II: Soil quality assessment using biological indicators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148522. [PMID: 34187712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of washing of Pb, Zn and Cd contaminated soil using EDTA-based technology (ReSoil®) on soil biological properties by measuring some of the most commonly used/sensitive biological indicators of soil perturbation. We estimated the temporal dynamics of the soil respiration, the activities of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase), and the effect of the remediation process on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in original (Orig), remediated (Rem) and remediated vitalized (Rem+V) soils during a more than one-year garden experiment. ReSoil® technology initially affected the activity level of soil microbial respiration and all enzyme activities except urease and reduced AM fungal potential in the soil. However, after one year of vegetable cultivation and standard gardening practices, soil microbial respiration, acid and alkaline phosphatase in the Rem and Rem+V reached similar activities as in the Orig. Only the activities of dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase remained lower in the remediated soil compared to the Orig. The frequency of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the root system, arbuscular density in the colonized root fragment, and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in the colonized root fragments in the remediated treatments increased with time; at the end of the experiment, no consistent differences in these parameters of mycorrhizal colonization were found among the treatments. Our results suggest a restored biological functioning of the remediated soil after one year of vegetable cultivation. In general, no differences were found between the Rem and Rem+V treatments, indicating that simple common garden practices are sufficient to restore soil functioning after remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anela Kaurin
- Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Irena Maček
- Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaska 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | | | - Domen Lestan
- Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Envit Ltd., Slovenia.
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Feng J, Yu Q, He A, Daniel Sheng G. Accelerating Cu and Cd removal in soil flushing assisted by regulating permeability with electrolytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130883. [PMID: 34023758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil flushing is one of the common in-situ remediation technologies, in which the permeability of the soil determines its feasibility. Batch extractions showed that deionized water extracted about 20% Cu and 30% Cd from a soil. Electrolytes of 100 mmol/l NaCl, 500 mmol/l NaCl, and 167 mmol/l CaCl2 promoted the extractions to about 60% and 90%, respectively, with higher concentration and valence of cations being more effective. Presence of 100 mmol/l EDTA as a chelant further enhanced the extractions to near completion. Extractions appeared to occur concurrently via ion exchange, complexation with Cl- and predominantly chelation with EDTA. Column leaching in dynamic setups with electrolyte solutions in the presence of EDTA showed similar Cu and Cd removal degrees to the batch extractions. The permeability of soils during leaching decreased by up to 80%, decelerating time-dependent Cu and Cd removal, due to soil swelling by Na+. Electrolytes in leaching solutions well defended the permeability of soil against its decrease to as low as 3.5%, maintaining Cu and Cd removal rates. Formulating flushing solution with EDTA and proper electrolytes have advantages of not only enhancing extraction degrees but accelerating heavy metal removal from soil by regulating the permeability, with the potential to be extended to soils with high clay contents and thus low natural permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Anfei He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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A Recommendation for a Pre-Standardized Marine Microalgal Dry Weight Determination Protocol for Laboratory Scale Culture Using Ammonium Formate as a Washing Agent. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080799. [PMID: 34440031 PMCID: PMC8389616 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microalgae are increasingly recognized as a source of valuable biomass with numerous health benefits. Cleaning of marine microalgal biomass is very crucial for microalgal studies as the salt on the microalgae cells will lead to overestimation of biomass determination. Incomplete washing of salt from microalgae could also interfere with the nutritional analyses. The biomass, especially dry weight, has been utilized for nutritional or compositional evaluation. Although standard methods of marine microalgal dry weight determination are available, these methods did not provide comprehensive details, and the parameters vary among themselves. Without a standard method, a comparison of results among previous studies can be misleading and unreliable. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate and determine the ideal setting of several parameters in the marine microalgal dry weight determination for laboratory-scale culture. The present findings could assist in developing a standardized protocol to ensure a high quality of biomass for microalgal studies. Abstract Microalgal biomass is one of the crucial criteria in microalgal studies. Many reported methods, even the well-established protocol on microalgal dry weight (DW) determination, vary greatly, and reliable comparative assessment amongst published results could be problematic. This study aimed to determine the best condition of critical parameters in marine microalgal DW determination for laboratory-scale culture using four different marine microalgal species. These parameters included the washing process, grades of glass microfiber filter (GMF), GMF pretreatment conditions, washing agent (ammonium formate) concentrations, culture: washing agent ratios (v:v) and washing cycles. GMF grade GF/A with precombustion at 450 °C provided the most satisfactory DW and the highest ash-free dry weight (AFDW)/DW ratio. Furthermore, 0.05 M ammonium formate with 1:2 culture: washing agent ratio and a minimum of two washing cycles appeared to be the best settings of microalgal DW determination. The present treatment increased the AFDW/DW ratio of the four respective microalgae by a minimum of 19%. The findings of this study could serve as a pivotal reference in developing a standardized protocol of marine microalgal DW determination to obtain veracious and reliable marine microalgal DW.
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Choi J, Lee D, Son Y. Ultrasound-assisted soil washing processes for the remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: The mechanism of the ultrasonic desorption. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 74:105574. [PMID: 33975185 PMCID: PMC8122358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted soil washing processes were investigated for the removal of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) in real contaminated soils using HCl and EDTA. The ultrasound-assisted soil washing (US/Mixing) process was compared with the conventional soil washing (Mixing) process based on the mechanical mixing. High removal efficiency (44.8% for HCl and 43.2% for EDTA) for the metals was obtained for the most extreme conditions (HCl 1.0 M or EDTA 0.1 M and L:S = 10:1) in the Mixing process. With the aide of ultrasound, higher removal efficiency (57.9% for HCl and 50.0% for EDTA) was obtained in the same extreme conditions and similar or higher removal efficiency (e.g., 54.7% for HCl 0.5 M and L:S = 10:1 and 50.5% for EDTA 0.05 M and L:S = 5:1) was achieved even in less extreme conditions (lower HCl or EDTA concentration and L:S ratio). Therefore, it was revealed that the US/Mixing was advantageous over the conventional Mixing processes in terms of metal removal efficiency, consumption of chemicals, amount of generated washing leachate, and volume/size of washing reactor. In addition, the heavy metals removal was enhanced for the smaller soil particles in the US/Mixing process. It was due to more violent movement of smaller particles in slurry phase and more violent sonophysical effects. In order to understand the mechanism of ultrasonic desorption, the desorption test was conducted using the paint-coated beads with three sizes (1, 2, and 4 mm) for the free and attached conditions. It was found that no significant desorption/removal of paint from the beads was observed without the movement of beads in the water including floatation, collision, and scrubbing. Thus, it was suggested that the simultaneous application of the ultrasound and mechanical mixing could enhance the physical movement of the particles significantly and the very high removal/desorption could be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukyoung Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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Klik B, Gusiatin ZM, Kulikowska D. Kinetics of Cu, Pb and Zn removal during soil flushing with washing agents derived from sewage sludge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10067. [PMID: 33980879 PMCID: PMC8115151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first tests of Cu (7875 mg/kg), Pb (1414 mg/kg) and Zn (566 mg/kg) removal from contaminated soil with sewage-sludge-derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter, DOM; soluble humic-like substances, HLS; soluble humic substances, SHS) and Na2EDTA (as a standard benchmark) in column experiments. Flow rates of 0.5 ml/min and 1 ml/min were used. Using a 1. order kinetic model, the kinetic constant (k), the maximum concentrations of each metal removed (Cmax), and the initial rates of metal removal (r) were established. At both flow rates, stable flow velocity was maintained for approximately eight pore volumes, for flushing times of 8 h (1.0 ml/min) and 16 h (0.5 ml/min). Although the flow rate did not influence k, it influenced Cmax: at 1 ml/min, Cmax values were higher than at 0.5 ml/min. For Cu and Zn, but not Pb, k was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Although Na2EDTA gave the highest kCu, Cmax,Cu was highest with DOM (Na2EDTA, 66%; DOM 73%). For Pb removal, HLS was the most effective SS_WA (77%; Na2EDTA was 80% effective). kZn was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Cmax,Zn was highest with HLS. The quick mobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn with most of the WAs corresponded to efficient metal removal from the exchangeable (F1) fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klik
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Nobahar A, Carlier JD, Miguel MG, Costa MC. A review of plant metabolites with metal interaction capacity: a green approach for industrial applications. Biometals 2021; 34:761-793. [PMID: 33961184 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrial development is responsible for severe problems related to environmental pollution. Many human and industrial activities require different metals and, as a result, great amounts of metals/heavy metals are discharged into the water and soil making them dangerous for both human and ecosystems and this is being aggravated by intensive demand and utilization. In addition, compounds with metal binding capacities are needed to be used for several purposes including in activities related to the removal and/or recovery of metals from effluents and soils, as metals' corrosion inhibitors, in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and as metal related pharmaceuticals, preferably a with minimum risks associated to the environment. Plants are able to synthesize an uncountable number of compounds with numerous functions, including compounds with metal binding capabilities. In fact, some of the plants' secondary metabolites can bind to various metals through different mechanisms, as such they are excellent sources of such compounds due to their high availability and vast diversity. In addition, the use of plant-based compounds is desirable from an environmental and economical point of view, thus being potential candidates for utilization in different industrial activities, replacing conventional physiochemical methods. This review focuses on the ability of some classes of compounds that can be found in relatively high concentrations in plants, having good metal binding capacities and thus with potential utilization in metal based industrial activities and that can be involved in the progressive development of new environmentally friendly strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nobahar
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias Carlier
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Costa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Ayyanar A, Thatikonda S. Experimental and Numerical studies on remediation of mixed metal-contaminated sediments by electrokinetics focusing on fractionation changes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:316. [PMID: 33931801 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation technique is widely applied for the removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil, but the soil buffering capacity and fractionation of heavy metals mainly affect the cost and duration of the treatment. This study aims to treat heavy metal-contaminated sediments by electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technique by using various enhancing agents such as EDTA, [Formula: see text], HCI, [Formula: see text], acetic acid and citric acid for optimizing the cost and treatment duration. The optimum molar concentration of enhancing agent for treatment was estimated by batch experiments to maximize the dissolution of target heavy metals and reduce the dissolution of earth metals (Fe, Al and Ca) to maintain soil health. The EKR experiments were performed up to 15 days with the above enhancing agents to reduce the risk associated with heavy metals and the selection of enhancing agents based on removal efficiency was found to be in an order of EDTA > citric acid > acetic acid > [Formula: see text] > HCl [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. Also, a numerical model has been developed by incorporating main electrokinetic transport phenomena (electromigration and electroosmosis) and geochemical processes for the prediction of treatment duration and to scale up the EKR process. The model predicts well with experimental heavy metal removal with a MAPD of [Formula: see text] 2-18 %. The parametric study on electrode distance for full-scale EKR treatment was found in this study as [Formula: see text] 0.5 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulpoomalai Ayyanar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Shashidhar Thatikonda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
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Zhao Y, Li H, Li B, Lai Y, Zang L, Tang X. Process design and validation of a new mixed eluent for leaching Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn from heavy metal-polluted soil. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1269-1277. [PMID: 33624641 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01978j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical leaching, an emerging technology for treating heavy metal-polluted soils, requires a design for reasonable and new eluent and an evaluation of its efficiency on the simultaneous removal of different elements. In this study, the leaching effect and biodegradability of chelating agents were compared, and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) was selected to combine with ferric chloride (FeCl3) for the design of a mixed eluent (EDDS + FeCl3). Through batch experiments, the influences of the eluent concentration and solution pH on leaching were revealed, and leaching efficiencies of EDDS, FeCl3, and EDDS + FeCl3 on six heavy metals Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the soil were separately analyzed. Results indicated that EDDS + FeCl3 showed advantages over both EDDS and FeCl3 alone, and it presented an excellent effect, especially for simultaneously leaching multiple heavy metals from the soil. The highest leaching efficiencies for Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn reached up to 71.36%, 21.29%, 31.14%, 30.25%, 34.05%, and 4.96%, respectively. According to different soil types and target elements, the concentration, pH condition, and mass ratio of EDDS + FeCl3 could be adjusted for soil remediation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved that the better leaching effect of EDDS + FeCl3 was attributed to changes in the number and strength of functional groups in the solution, which enhanced the chelating ability of the mixed eluent and heavy metal ions. Therefore, chemical leaching by EDDS + FeCl3 for the remediation of multiple heavy metal-contaminated soil is a potential feasible strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhao
- College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
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20
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Wang Y, Li A, Cui C. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils by electrokinetic technology: Mechanisms and applicability. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129071. [PMID: 33248732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation is a widely admitted technology forrectifying heavy metal-contaminated soil. Various technologies have been effectively developed to improve the metal removal efficiency of contaminated soil by electrochemical treatment alone or in combination with other remediation technologies. The working components for electrokinetic system, such as supplying power for electric fields, installing electrodes to generate electric fields, introducing electrolytes and other potential materials as a reactive medium are crucial. This review focuses on the specific functions of the working components in electrokinetic systems and their effects on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using electrochemical process. The advancements in working components were systematically summarized, such as power for electric fields, electrodes, electrolytes and ion exchange membrane, which have various impacts on the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation. Additionally, this study introduces the application of dominating technologies at present coupled with electrokinetics. Overall, a judicious design and reasonable operation in the application of electrokinetic-coupled remediation should be implemented to enhance the removal process of heavy metals from contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sun W, Zhu B, Yang F, Dai M, Sehar S, Peng C, Ali I, Naz I. Optimization of biosurfactant production from Pseudomonas sp. CQ2 and its application for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129090. [PMID: 33293052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to enhance the biosurfactant production yield of Pseudomonas sp. CQ2 isolated from the Chongqing oilfield (China). Besides, the capability of biosurfactant and underlying mechanism for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil was also investigated. Our results suggested that maximum biosurfactant production (40.7 g/L) was attained at 35 °C by using soybean oil and ammonium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources with pH 7, rotational speed of 175 rpm and inoculation ratio of 3%). The removal efficiencies of 78.7, 65.7 and 56.9% for Cd, Cu and Pb respectively were achieved at optimized bioleaching conditions (pH: 11, soil/solution ratio: 30:1 and non-sterilized soil), comparative tests between common chemical surfactants (SDS, Tween-80) and biosurfactants demonstrated the larger removal capacity of biosurfactants. Through SEM-EDX, it was found that the granular material disappeared, the content of Cd, Cu and Pb decreased significantly, and the soil surface became smooth with hole formation after soil washing following bioleaching. ATR-FTIR results showed that the carboxyl functional groups in biosurfactants could chelate heavy metals. These results indicated that biosurfactants from Pseudomonas sp. CQ2 could effectively eliminate Cd, Cu, and Pb from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang.
| | - Baikang Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang.
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Min Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Shama Sehar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Sakhir, Bahrain.
| | - Changsheng Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Li Q, Li Y, Yang Z, Li X, Tang Z, Yang S, Zhang Y, Liu D. Remediation of iron oxide bound Pb and Pb-contaminated soils using a combination of acid washing agents and l-ascorbic acid. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37808-37817. [PMID: 35515195 PMCID: PMC9057221 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil washing is an efficient, rapid, and cost-effective remediation technique to dissolve target pollutants from contaminated soil. Here we studied the effects of leaching agents: hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA) and citric acid (CA), and reductants: hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) and l-ascorbic acid (VC) on the leaching of Pb from synthetic iron oxide; the changes in mineralogy, morphology, and occurrence of Pb were shown by XRD, SEM, and sequential extraction analyses. Although the washing efficiency of Pb follows the trend HCl (44.24%) > Na2EDTA (39.04%) > CA (28.85%), the cooperation of the leaching agent with reductant further improves the efficiency. VC is more suitable as a reductant considering the higher washing efficiency by HCl-VC (98.6%) than HCl-NH2OH·HCl (88.8%). Moreover, increasing the temperature can promote the decomposition and dehydrogenation reaction of VC with more H+. Among the mixture agents, Na2EDTA + VC is the most effective agent to remediate the two kinds of contaminated soils owing to the formation of Fe(ii)-EDTA, a powerful reducing agent so that the efficiencies can reach up to 98.03% and 92.81%, respectively. As a result, these mixture agents have a great prospect to remediate Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yilian Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Tang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Danqing Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences 68 Jincheng Street Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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Peng YP, Chang YC, Chen KF, Wang CH. A field pilot-scale study on heavy metal-contaminated soil washing by using an environmentally friendly agent-poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34760-34769. [PMID: 31889286 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a farmland contaminated by heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr) was selected to evaluate the performance of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the removal of heavy metals in soil washing. The highest heavy metal concentrations at the contaminated site were Cu: 1180 mg/kg, Zn: 1450 mg/kg, Ni: 287 mg/kg, and Cr: 316 mg/kg. Batch experiments designed by Taguchi Method were conducted first to assess the effect of different washing conditions on the removal of heavy metals in laboratory. The results of batch experiments show that factors that affected the removal efficiency of heavy metals was of the order γ-PGA concentration > washing time > liquid/soil ratio > rotational speed. The optimal operating parameters for heavy metal removal were γ-PGA 3.5%, liquid/soil ratio 15/1, washing time 60 min, and rotational speed 100 rpm. Under the optimal conditions, up to 50.7% of the major target metal, Cu, was removed. Heavy metals in the soil were mainly Fe-Mn oxide bound and organically bound. On-site treatment using the optimal operating parameters caused 54.3% of Cu removal. When the soil was washed 3 times by γ-PGA, the removal efficiency of Cu was improved to 74.3%. After the treatment, the change in soil bacterial number was insignificant, indicating that γ-PGA is an environmentally friendly washing reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ping Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Xitun, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 Univ. Rd, Puli, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 Univ. Rd, Puli, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 Univ. Rd, Puli, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
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Yang X, Liu L, Tan W, Liu C, Dang Z, Qiu G. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by organic acid extraction and electrochemical adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114745. [PMID: 32416427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils remains a global challenge. Here, low-molecular-weight organic acids were used to extract Cu and Zn from polluted soils, and the extracted heavy metals were subsequently adsorbed by activated carbon electrodes. The electrochemical adsorption mechanism as well as the influence of pH, organic acid type and voltage were investigated, and the soil remediation effect was further evaluated by the cultivation of rape. After extraction by citrate at initial pH 8.3 and electrochemical adsorption at 0.9 V for 7 d, the concentrations of total and bioavailable Cu in soils decreased from 1090 to 281 to 391 and 52 mg kg-1, and those of Zn decreased from 262 to 39 to 208 and 30 mg kg-1, respectively. Cu and Zn ions were mainly electrochemically adsorbed on the carbon cathode and anode, respectively, resulting in decreases of their concentrations to below 1 mg L-1 in the leachate. The presence of organic acids improved the remediation performance in the order of citrate > oxalate > acetate. The decrease in the initial pH of citrate solution enhanced the removal rate of Zn, while seemed to have no effect on that of Cu. The removal capacity for heavy metals decreased with decreasing cell voltage from 0.9 to 0.3 V. In the rape cultivation experiment, the Cu and Zn contents in shoot and root were decreased by more than 50%, validating the soil remediation effect. The present work proposes a facile method for heavy metal removal from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Nair NM, Varghese GK. Optimization of parameters for the extraction of Pb from lateritic soil using EDTA. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Zheng J, Li J, Ling L, Liu X, Kong S, Liao H, Liu W, Ning P, Lin Z. Crystal regulation of gypsum via hydrothermal treatment with hydrogen ion for Cr(VI) extraction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:120614. [PMID: 31378419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-containing gypsum is a widespread hazardous waste. In this work, H+ was found to be the most essential factor of the mineralizers in hydrothermal treatment to completely (≥99.8%) extract Cr(VI) from gypsum waste to the supernatant, where the significant growth (from several μm to several hundreds of μm) and perfection of the gypsum crystals were observed. Moreover, with increasing concentration of H+, the crystal growth (undergoing Ostwald ripening process) was accelerated and the phase transformation temperature of gypsum was decreased from 110℃ (at 0.2 mol/L of HCl) to 100℃ (at 0.3 mol/L of HCl), which are favorable to enhance Cr(VI) extraction efficiency. Pilot experiments further certified this method to be practicable even in ton-scale. This work proposes a practicable and universal method to completely extract Cr(VI) from gypsum waste, and would also inspire the recycle of gypsum waste containing other heavy metals, such as As, Pb, Cd, and Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xueming Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Silan Kong
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huizhong Liao
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Xu X, Yang Y, Wang G, Zhang S, Cheng Z, Li T, Yang Z, Xian J, Yang Y, Zhou W. Removal of heavy metals from industrial sludge with new plant-based washing agents. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125816. [PMID: 31918109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Washing is one of the techniques for permanent removal of heavy metals from industrial sludge, for which washing agents are a key influence factor. However, high-efficiency, eco-friendly, and inexpensive agents are still lacking. In this study, the solutions derived from the three plant materials including Fatsia japonica, Hovenia acerba and Pterocarya stenoptera were employed to remove Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni from industrial sludge. The effects of washing solution concentration, pH, washing time and temperature on metal removal were investigated. The metal removal efficiencies were found to increase with increasing solution concentrations or washing temperatures, decline with increasing pH, and presented various trends with increasing washing time. Among the three agents that derived from H. acerba showed relatively high removal for Cu (75.81%), Pb (63.42%), Ni (27.52%), and Cd (56.99%). After washing, environmental risks of residual metals were markedly diminished in sludge, attributable to decrease in their exchangeable forms. Furthermore, the applications of the plant washing agents increased sludge organic carbon, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis suggested that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, ether, and amide may be the main functional groups in the three plant materials binding the heavy metals. Overall, the agent derived from H. acerba appears to be a feasible washing material for heavy metals removal from sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junren Xian
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiang Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Begum ZA, Rahman IMM, Ishii K, Tsukada H, Hasegawa H. Dynamics of Strontium and geochemically correlated elements in soil during washing remediation with eco-complaint chelators. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:110018. [PMID: 32072959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the study, the dynamics of Sr2+ and geochemically correlated elements (Ca2+, Ba2+, and Y3+) in soil with chelators in the mix (soil to chelator ratio, 1:10; matrix, H2O) were assessed to understand chemical-induced washing remediation of radiogenic waste solids. Specifically, EDTA (2,2',2″,2‴-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid), EDDS (2-[2-(1,2-dicarboxyethylamino)ethylamino]butanedioic acid), GLDA (2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]pentanedioic acid), and HIDS (2-(1,2-dicarboxyethylamino)-3-hydroxy-butanedioic acid) are chelators that are used as extractants. The effect of solution pH on chelator-induced extractions of the target elements (t-Es: Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, or Y3+) from soil and stability constants of the t-Es complexes with chelators were used to explain the trends and magnitudes in interactions. Pre- and post-extractive solid-phase speciation was used to define the extent of the competence of each chelator in persuading dissolution of t-Es in the soil. The effects of ultrasonic energy, admixtures of biodegradable chelators, and excess chelators in solution (1:20) were also analyzed on the extractive removal of t-Es from soil. The results indicate that the Sr2+ removal with biodegradable chelators significantly exceeded (approximately 70%) when compared to that of environmentally-persistent EDTA at lower solution pHs and a higher soil to chelator ratio (GLDA > HIDS > EDDS ≈ EDTA). However, the extraction of the geochemically related element was significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnat A Begum
- Venture Business Laboratory, Advanced Science and Social Co-Creation Promotion Organization, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University, 739/A Mehedibag Road, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Kento Ishii
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Hierarchization of Physicochemical Factors during Simultaneous Removal of Lead and Copper from the Marrakech Municipal Discharge Soils. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4167897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals became a great concern for scientists due to their harmful action on the environment and human life. EDTA and NTA chelation capacity were used to assess soil decontamination. The effect of pH, ligand, soil solution contact time with agitation, soil solution ratio, and particle size were investigated, in order to prioritize them, using the design of experiment methodology (Doe): pH was the most influential factor while the ratio mass of the soil by the volume of the solution and particle size were of equal importance. EDTA was more effective as a chelator than NTA in removing metals from the soil. The contact time was not a significant factor; a contact time of 10 minutes was sufficient to extract the two metals studied. An extraction efficiency of 45% was achieved for Pb and 85% for Cu without optimization process.
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30
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Ayele BA, Lu J, Chen Q. Optimization of aeration enhanced surfactant soil washing for remediation of diesel-contaminated soils using response surface methodology. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8578. [PMID: 32095374 PMCID: PMC7024577 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced soil washing has been used for remediation of organic pollutants for an extended period, but its effectiveness and wide application was limited by the high concentration of surfactants utilized. In this work, the efficiency of conventional soil washing performance was enhanced by 12-25% through the incorporation of air bubbles into the low concentration surfactant soil washing system. Surfactant selection pre-experiment using aerated and conventional soil washing reveals Brij 35 > TX100 > Tween 80 > Saponin in diesel oil removal. Optimization of the effect of time, surfactant concentration, pH, agitation speed, and airflow rate in five levels were undertaken using Response Surface Methodology and Central composite design. The optimum degree of variables achieved was 90 min of washing time, 370 mg/l of concentration, washing pH of 10,535 rpm of agitation speed and 7.2 l/min of airflow rate with 79.5% diesel removal. The high predicted R 2 value of 0.9517 showed that the model could efficiently be used to predict diesel removal efficiency. The variation in efficiency of aeration assisted and conventional soil washing was variable depending on the type of surfactant, organic matter content of the soil, particle size distribution and level of pollutant weathering. The difference in removal efficiency of the two methods increases when the level of organic matter increases and when the particle size and age of contamination decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Befkadu Abayneh Ayele
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Natural Resource Management, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Quanyuan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, P.R. China
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31
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Feng C, Chen Y, Zhang S, Wang G, Zhong Q, Zhou W, Xu X, Li T. Removal of lead, zinc and cadmium from contaminated soils with two plant extracts: Mechanism and potential risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109829. [PMID: 31654869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Screening appropriate washing agents to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals is crucial for decreasing metal hazards posing to environment and human health. In this study, two plant washing agents-water-extracted from Fagopyrum esculentum and Fordiophyton faberi, were applied to remove soil Pb, Zn, and Cd by washing. Results indicated that metal removals augmented with increase of washing solution concentrations, decreased with increasing pH values of the solution and followed the pseudo-second-order model depending on contact duration. At concentration of 50 g/L, pH 3 and contact duration of 120 min, F. esculentum had higher removals of Pb (5.98-6.83%), Zn (21.82-27.94%), and Cd (39.90-40.74%) than those of F. faberi. And metal ions could be removed by binding with carboxyl, hydroxyl, amide, amine and aromatic groups in washing solutions. The potential risks of residual metals declined by 51.35-52.12% for mine soil and 48.51-49.96% for farmland soil with exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions obviously extracted after a single washing (P < 0.05). And soil organic carbon and nutrients increased to some extent except for total phosphorus and available potassium. Moreover, soil phytotoxicity lowered except that some adverse effects on seed germination existed. Therefore, the water extract from F. esculentum is a promising washing agent for heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Feng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Qinmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
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Jiang M, Wang S, Chen M, Lu H, Chen Y, Shi L. Recycling of Chemical Eluent and Soil Improvement After Leaching. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:128-133. [PMID: 31728557 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) was selected among various eluents due to its highest removal efficiency for lead (Pb) (43.7%) and zinc (Zn) (57.1%) leaching from Pb-Zn contaminated soil by soil column experiment. Compared with newly prepared EDTA eluent, using recycled EDTA eluent can still leaching down 71.1% of Pb and 63.2% of Zn respectively, which showed the reusable benefits of recycled EDTA eluent. After soils were leached by EDTA, soil quality decline, such as reducing of urease, catalase, invertase activities and microorganism numbers. However, adding 5% nutrition soil or earthworm fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of EDTA leached soil, and promote growth of peas and ryegrass compared with EDTA treatments. Overall, the improvement of EDTA leached soil by adding nutrition soil or earthworm fertilizer is important, and recycled EDTA eluent can recycle and re-use for Pb-Zn contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huilong Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Gunarathne V, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Adassooriya N, Cooray A, Liyanage S, Athapattu B, Rajakaruna N, Igalavithana AD, Hou D, Alessi DS, Ok YS. Heavy metal dissolution mechanisms from electrical industrial sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133922. [PMID: 31446288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the release of heavy metals from sludge produced from an electrical industry using both organic and inorganic acids. Single and sequential extractions were conducted to assess heavy metals in different phases of the sludge. Metal release from sludge was investigated in the presence of three inorganic acids (nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric) and three organic acids (acetic, malic, and citric) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mol L-1. Sequential extraction indicated the presence of Cu primarily in the carbonate fraction, Pb in the residual fraction, and Ni in the FeMn oxide fraction. The cumulative release rates of heavy metals (i.e., Pb, Cu, and Ni) by 1.0 mol L-1 of acid increased with the use of the following acids in the order of: malic < sulfuric < acetic < phosphoric < citric < nitric. Acetic acid exhibited the highest release of Cu, at a rate of 72.62 × 10-11 mol m-2 s-1 at pH 1, and malic acid drove the release of Pb at a maximum rate of 3.90 × 10-11 mol m-2 s-1. Meanwhile, nitric acid provided the maximum rate of Ni release (0.23 × 10-11 mol m-2 s-1) at pH 1. The high rate of metal release by organic acids is explained through ligand-promoted mechanisms that enhance the release of metal ions from the sludge. The results from our study emphasize that an understanding of the metal release mechanism is key to selecting the optimal acid for the maximum recovery of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Nadeesh Adassooriya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila 60170, Sri Lanka
| | - Asitha Cooray
- Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Sudantha Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandunee Athapattu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishanta Rajakaruna
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Mu’azu ND, Essa MH, Haladu SA, Ali SA, Jarrah N, Zubair M, Mohamed IA. Removal zinc ions from contaminated soil using biodegradable polyaspartate via soil washing process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1349/1/012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Xia Z, Zhang S, Cao Y, Zhong Q, Wang G, Li T, Xu X. Remediation of cadmium, lead and zinc in contaminated soil with CETSA and MA/AA. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:177-183. [PMID: 30522084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing, which is used to remove heavy metals from soil, is dependent on suitable washing agents. However, there is still a lack of economical, environmentally friendly washing agents with high removal efficiency. In this study, three washing agents, carboxyalkylthiosuccinic acid (CETSA), copolymer of maleic and acrylic acid (MA/AA) and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), were used to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. The influence of washing solution concentration, pH and washing time on heavy metals removal was also investigated. The cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) removal efficiencies increased as washing solution concentrations increased from 0 to 60 g L-1, while they declined as pH increased from 3 to 8. Despite fluctuations between 90 and 120 min, heavy metal removal efficiencies increased continuously from 10 to 90 min. The three agents also effectively reduced the potential risks of Cd, Pb, and Zn in contaminated soil, but only CETSA and MA/AA produced no significant changes in chemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, methoxyl, and sulfur groups were related to the heavy metal ions from the soil colloids. Thus, CETSA and MA/AA were suitable washing agents for remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xia
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China.
| | - Yaru Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Qingmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
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Yuan J, Yang Y, Zhou XH, Ge YC, Zeng QR. A new method for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and harmful organics from rape seed meal from metal-contaminated farmland. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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37
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Xu Y, Li J, Xia W, Sun Y, Qian G, Zhang J. Enhanced remediation of arsenic and chromium co-contaminated soil by eletrokinetic-permeable reactive barriers with different reagents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3392-3403. [PMID: 30511220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on the effects of different reagents on the remediation of arsenic and chromium co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology coupled with permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB). In a running of EK-PRB, reductant (ascorbic acid, sodium citrate) and chelating agent (EDTA-2Na) were used to pretreat contaminated soil together with CaAl-LDH as reactive materials for PRB. As a result, the chelating agent improved the removals of As and Cr in co-contaminated soil. However, the reducing agent only increased As removal. When 0.05 M sodium citrate was used in pretreatment, the As removal attained the maximum of 50.5%, although Cr removal was only 44.1% at the same time. When the contaminated soil was pretreated with 0.01 M EDTA-2Na, the Cr removal increased to 54.28%, although As removal was only 26.3%. After EK-PRB, the As and Cr were efficiently captured by CaAl-LDH, resulting in maximal fixed amounts of 126.5 mg/kg (As) and 1507.6 mg/kg (Cr). The XRD and FITR analyses of LDH indicated that As was mainly adsorbed on the surface of LDH. As for Cr, it was mainly intercalated into interlayer of LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Sumalatha J, Naveen BP, Malik RK. Toxic Metals Removal from Industrial Sludge by Using Different Leaching Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40030-019-00361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Yang T, Hodson ME. Investigating the use of synthetic humic-like acid as a soil washing treatment for metal contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:290-300. [PMID: 30081366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid can effectively bind several metals and is regarded as a promising soil washing agent. Previous studies indicate that carboxylic groups dominate metal binding to humic acid. In this study, a synthetic humic-like acid (SHLA) with high COOH content (5.03 mmol/g) was used as a washing agent to remove metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, As) from two contaminated agricultural soils (Soil 1 (pH: 6.17 ± 0.11; organic carbon: 5.91 ± 0.40%; Cu: 302.86 ± 3.97 mg/kg; Zn: 700.45 ± 14.30 mg/kg; Pb 323.56 ± 4.84 mg/kg; Ni: 140.16 ± 1.59 mg/kg) and Soil 2 (pH: 9.83 ± 0.01; organic carbon: 2.52% ± 0.25%; Cu: 242.81 ± 10.66 mg/kg; Zn: 841.00 ± 22.31 mg/kg, Pb 451.21 ± 1,92 mg/kg, As: 242.23 ± 5.24 mg/kg)). The effects of solution pH (4 to 11), liquid/solid ratio (L/S ratio, 5:1 (mL:g) to 80:1 (mL:g)), SHLA concentration (100 mg/L to 2000 mg/L), and contact time (0 to 1440 min) on % metal removal were investigated and optimum conditions identified: pH of 9, L/S ratio of 1:80, SHLA concentration of 1500 mg/L at 25 °C for 4 h. Under optimum conditions, a single washing removed 45.2% of Cu, 34.6% of Zn. 42.2% of Ni and 15.6% of Pb from Soil 1, and 30.6% of Cu, 28.1% of Zn. 14.6% of As and 18.1% of Pb from Soil 2. A modified BCR extraction of the two soils before and after washing indicated that the SHLA mainly removed metals in the exchangeable and acid soluble fraction and reducible fraction, which could effectively reduce bioavailability and environmental risk of metals. On a molar basis, SHLA was a more effective washing agent than commercial humic acid, Na2EDTA, citric acid and tartaric acid. Overall, SHLA shows great potential for use as a soil washing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
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Wei H, Zhang W, Zhuang L, Wang S, Tsang DCW, Qiu R. Two-stage multi-fraction first-order kinetic modeling for soil Cd extraction by EDTA. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1035-1042. [PMID: 30223318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A two stage multi-fraction 1st-order kinetic model was established herein, which incorporates Cd species distribution in the contaminated site, chelate dosage and washing time, and two distinct extraction mechanisms are also emphasized there. The model was found to successfully simulate the experimental data of Cd extraction by EDTA; with the obtained parameters, we also got a similarly good agreement in other two Cd-contaminated soils. All normalized root-mean-square error, the index of agreement and modeling efficiency values showed that this model can be used to predict Cd kinetic extraction process in different types of soils with an excellent validity. Both simulated and experimental results indicate that a greater EDTA dosage reasonably leads to a higher Cd extraction efficiency and a faster extraction by the direct EDTA-complex. Different Cd species also show different extraction behavior. Part of Cd species associated with Fe/Mn hydro(oxides) (FeMnOx) become destabilized by slow EDTA-promoted dissolution but not yet detached, leading to an apparently high removal efficiency of Cd in FeMnOx fraction dependent on EDTA dosage. While the removal of exchangeable Cd and carbonates (EXCH+CARB) seemed unchanged with the EDTA dosage, due to the transformation of the undetached Cd in FeMnOx fractions. However, an extreme dosage (i.e. molar ratio of EDTA to metal equal to 20 herein) may accelerate the detachment of these destabilized Cd species, resulting in a substantially high extraction efficiency of EXCH+CARB fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Soil Remediation Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University and Zhisheng Environmental Protection Group Ltd., Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Luwen Zhuang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Soil Remediation Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University and Zhisheng Environmental Protection Group Ltd., Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Cao Y, Zhang S, Zhong Q, Wang G, Xu X, Li T, Wang L, Jia Y, Li Y. Feasibility of nanoscale zero-valent iron to enhance the removal efficiencies of heavy metals from polluted soils by organic acids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:464-473. [PMID: 30015193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing with natural chelators to remediate metal-contaminated soils has been gained attention by researchers. However, the abilities of the chelators to remediate the multiple metal polluted soils are less effective. This study employed zero-valent iron nanoparticle (nZVI) to enhance the removal efficiencies of citric (CA), tartaric (TA) and oxalic acids (OA), and evaluate their feasibility. Results showed that metal removal efficiencies increased with the increasing concentration of nZVI and soil-liquid ratio, decreased with the increasing solution pH. The kinetic simulation indicated that pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models could be used for describing the washing processes. Additionally, metal removals were significantly improved by addition of nZVI (p < 0.05). The highest enhancements of soil Cd, Pb and Zn removals under solution pH of 4.0, soil-liquid ratio of 1:20 and washing time of 120 min reached 12.83% (OA- nZVI), 24.92% (CA-nZVI) and 11.64% (OA- nZVI) for mine soil, and 19.24% (TA- nZVI), 18.16% (CA-nZVI) and 8.93% (OA- nZVI) for farmland soil, respectively. After soil washing, the exchangeable forms and the environmental risks of residual metals were markedly diminished in soils. Therefore, the combinations of the organic acids and nZVI are the feasible practices to repair the soils contaminated by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Qinmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Lilin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
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42
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Green approach for radium isotopes removal from TENORM waste using humic substances as environmental friendly. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 140:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guo X, Zhao G, Zhang G, He Q, Wei Z, Zheng W, Qian T, Wu Q. Effect of mixed chelators of EDTA, GLDA, and citric acid on bioavailability of residual heavy metals in soils and soil properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:776-782. [PMID: 29960945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is an effective technology for the remediation of multi-metal contaminated soils. However, bioavailability of residual heavy metals in soils and soil properties could be changed during washing processes. This study investigated the effects of EDTA, FeCl3 and mixed chelators (MC) on bioavailability of residual heavy metals in soils and soil biological properties after soil washing. The results showed that soil washing by chelators successfully decreased the total concentration of heavy metals in soils, while it did not effectively decrease the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals, especially for calcareous contaminated soil. The toxic effects of the washed soils seemed to exhibit higher correlations with the changes in the soil properties such as soil pH and nutrient concentrations. As compared with FeCl3 and EDTA, MC tended to moderately change soil properties (e.g., pH, total N, available N, available P, and exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg). Additionally, MC-washed soil had the least influence on the soil enzymes activities, and had the highest germination and growth of Chinese cabbage. Accordingly, MC is a moderate washing solution in the removal of heavy metals from multi-metal contaminated soils, and had minimal negative effects on soil qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Guo
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Guohui Zhao
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qiusheng He
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Zebin Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Tianwei Qian
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qitang Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Yang Z, Shi W, Yang W, Liang L, Yao W, Chai L, Gao S, Liao Q. Combination of bioleaching by gross bacterial biosurfactants and flocculation: A potential remediation for the heavy metal contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:83-91. [PMID: 29730568 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combining bioleaching by the gross biosurfactants of Burkholderia sp. Z-90 and flocculation by poly aluminium chloride (PAC) was proposed to develop a potential environment-friendly and cost-effective technique to remediate the severely contaminated soils by heavy metals. The factors affecting soil bioleaching by the gross biosurfactants of Burkholderia sp. Z-90 were optimized. The results showed the optimal removing efficiencies of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cd, Cu, and As by the Burkholderia sp. Z-90 leachate were 44.0, 32.5, 52.2, 37.7, 24.1 and 31.6%, respectively at soil liquid ratio of 1:20 (w/v) for 5 d, which were more efficient than that by 0.1% of rhamnolipid. The amounts of the bioleached heavy metals by the Burkholderia sp. Z-90 leachate were higher than that by other biosurfactants in the previous studies, although the removal efficiencies of the metals by the leachate were relatively lower. It was suggested that more heavy metals caused more competitive to chelate with function groups of the gross biosurfactants and the metal removal efficiencies by biosurfactants in natural soils were lower than in the artificially contaminated soils. Moreover, the Burkholderia sp. Z-90 leachate facilitated the metals to be transformed to the easily migrating speciation fractions. Additional, the results showed that PAC was efficient in the following flocculation to remove heavy metals in the waste bio-leachates. Our study will provide support for developing a bioleaching technique model to remediate the soils extremely contaminated by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Weichun Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lifen Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenbin Yao
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shikang Gao
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
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Abstract
Bottom ash is the major by-product of waste incineration and can contain trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) with concentrations up to thousands of mg·k−1. In this study, a combination of different extractions and leaching tests (i.e., CH3COOH and ammonium-EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) extractions and pHstat leaching tests) was used to investigate the potential release of trace elements from bottom ash samples derived from hazardous waste incineration plants. Although large variations have been found in the release of trace elements by different extractions, in general, the highest concentrations of most trace elements (except As and Mo) were released with the CH3COOH extraction, whereas the release of As and Mo was highest with the ammonium-EDTA extraction. Kinetics of element release upon acidification based on a pHstat leaching test at pH 4 could be related to the solid-phase speciation of some selected trace elements. The relatively high-potential mobility and elevated total concentrations of some trace elements imply a threat to the environment if these bottom ashes are not treated properly. Results of the present study may be useful to develop potential treatment strategies to remove contaminants and eventually recover metals from bottom ash.
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46
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Beiyuan J, Tsang DCW, Valix M, Baek K, Ok YS, Zhang W, Bolan NS, Rinklebe J, Li XD. Combined application of EDDS and EDTA for removal of potentially toxic elements under multiple soil washing schemes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:178-187. [PMID: 29698828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chelant-enhanced soil washing, such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and biodegradable EDDS ([S,S]-ethylene-diamine-disuccinic acid), has been widely studied, however, EDTA is persistent under natural conditions while EDDS has a low efficiency for Pb extraction. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of mixed chelants (EDDS and EDTA mixture at 1:1 M ratio) for the removal of Cu, Zn, and Pb from a field-contaminated soil using various washing schemes (multi-pulse, step-gradient chelant, and continuous washing schemes). Speciation modelling of the target metals, mineral elements, and EDDS/EDTA was performed, while the leachability and bioaccessibility of residual metals in the treated soils were also assessed. Our results suggested that the combined use of EDDS and EDTA reached equivalent extraction efficiency of the target metals as EDTA, i.e., 50% reduction in the dosage of EDTA was made possible. This was accomplished by selective extraction of Cu by EDDS and Pb by EDTA, which was supported by the results of speciation calculation. Multi-pulse washing scheme with intermittent water rinsing steps removed entrapped metal-chelant complexes and free chelants, therefore reducing the leachability and bioaccessibility of residual metals in the treated soils. Step-gradient chelant washing with the maximum dosage of chelants in the first washing step only achieved marginal improvement but undesirably promoted Pb bioaccessibility. Continuous washing for 24 h enhanced metal extraction but promoted mineral dissolution, together with a large amount of uncomplexed chelants and increase in Cu leachability. Thus the combined use of EDDS and EDTA in multi-pulse washing is recommended for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzi Beiyuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Sustainable Design and Environment, Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Marjorie Valix
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Weihua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Tang J, Qiao J, Xue Q, Liu F, Chen H, Zhang G. Leach of the weathering crust elution-deposited rare earth ore for low environmental pollution with a combination of (NH 4) 2SO 4 and EDTA. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:160-167. [PMID: 29438942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High concentration of ammonium sulfate, a typical leaching agent, was often used in the mining process of the weathering crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. After mining, a lot of ammonia nitrogen and labile heavy metal fractions were residual in tailings, which may result in a huge potential risk to the environment. In this study, in order to achieve the maximum extraction of rare earth elements and reduce the labile heavy metal, extraction effect and fraction changes of lanthanum (La) and lead (Pb) in the weathering crust elution-deposited rare earth ore were studied by using a compound agent of (NH4)2SO4-EDTA. The extraction efficiency of La was more than 90% by using 0.2% (NH4)2SO4-0.005 M EDTA, which was almost same with that by using 2.0% (NH4)2SO4 solution. In contrast, the extraction efficiency of Pb was 62.3% when use 0.2% (NH4)2SO4-0.005 M EDTA, which is much higher than that (16.16%) achieved by using 2.0% (NH4)2SO4 solution. The released Pb fractions were mainly acid extractable and reducible fractions, and the content of reducible fraction being leached accounted for 70.45% of the total reducible fraction. Therefore, the use of 0.2% (NH4)2SO4-0.005 M EDTA can not only reduce the amount of (NH4)2SO4, but also decrease the labile heavy metal residues in soil, which provides a new way for efficient La extraction with effective preventing and controlling environmental pollution in the process of mining the weathering crust elution-deposited rare earth ore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiyang Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Honghan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Guochen Zhang
- Beijing Z.D.H.K. Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100011, PR China
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48
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Jani Y, Hogland W. Chemical extraction of trace elements from hazardous fine fraction at an old glasswork dump. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:825-830. [PMID: 29289910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Old glassworks sites have been always associated with contamination by different trace elements like Pb, Cd, As, Zn and others. The mixture of soil and waste glass of particle sizes <2 mm at one of the oldest Swedish glassworks (the Pukeberg) was studied by analyzing the trace elements content, organic content (3.6%) and pH (7.4). The results showed hazardous concentrations of Pb (1525 mg/kg), Ba (1312 mg/kg), Sb (128 mg/kg), Cd (36 mg/kg), As (118 mg/kg), Zn (1154 mg/kg) and Co (263 mg/kg) exceeded the Swedish guidelines of contaminated soil. Batch chemical extraction by the chelating agents EDTA, DTPA and the biodegradable NTA were performed to study the effect of chelating agent concentration and mixing time on the extraction efficiencies by following a Box-Wilson design of experiments. The results displayed good extraction efficiencies (less than 41%) of Pb, Cd, As and Zn by the EDTA, DTPA and NTA, which seemed depends on the type of chelator. In addition, high correlation between the extraction efficiencies, the chelators concentration and mixing time was found based on the statistical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Jani
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - William Hogland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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Asadzadeh F, Maleki-Kaklar M, Soiltanalinejad N, Shabani F. Central Composite Design Optimization of Zinc Removal from Contaminated Soil, Using Citric Acid as Biodegradable Chelant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2633. [PMID: 29422494 PMCID: PMC5805782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Citric acid (CA) was evaluated in terms of its efficiency as a biodegradable chelating agent, in removing zinc (Zn) from heavily contaminated soil, using a soil washing process. To determine preliminary ranges of variables in the washing process, single factor experiments were carried out with different CA concentrations, pH levels and washing times. Optimization of batch washing conditions followed using a response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD) approach. CCD predicted values and experimental results showed strong agreement, with an R2 value of 0.966. Maximum removal of 92.8% occurred with a CA concentration of 167.6 mM, pH of 4.43, and washing time of 30 min as optimal variable values. A leaching column experiment followed, to examine the efficiency of the optimum conditions established by the CCD model. A comparison of two soil washing techniques indicated that the removal efficiency rate of the column experiment (85.8%) closely matching that of the batch experiment (92.8%). The methodology supporting the research experimentation for optimizing Zn removal may be useful in the design of protocols for practical engineering soil decontamination applications
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farzin Shabani
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Komínková D, Fabbricino M, Gurung B, Race M, Tritto C, Ponzo A. Sequential application of soil washing and phytoremediation in the land of fires. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:1081-1089. [PMID: 30029342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study aimed at verifying the efficiency of a double-stage remediation process to be applied in former agricultural sites contaminated by illegal dumping of industrial wastes. The process, which includes an EDDS (Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid) enhanced washing, followed by a phytoremediation treatment, is applied at the lab scale for the remediation of a soil sampled in a territory known as Land of Fires (Italy) contaminated with Cu (∼400 mg kg-1) and Zn (∼250 mg kg-1). Phytoremediation is conducted using Lactuca sativa to verify, together with process efficiency, the potential risks due to metal accumulation in edible species. The results of the washing process show the possibility of removing the potential toxic metals from 44% to 77% for Cu and from 18% to 47% for Zn. The removal is well distributed among all soil fractions. There is almost no removal of other components which are fundamental for an agricultural soil. Results of the subsequent phytoremediation treatment indicate that both the contaminants and the residual EDDS/EDDS-chelates adsorbed into the soil generally negatively affect plant growth, reducing the number of germinated seeds up to 43%, and the shoot length up to 63%. Nonetheless, whenever the efficiency of the washing stage is high enough, no adverse effect is obtained on the plants. The efficiency of the phytoremediation stage mainly relies on leaf uptake, which accounts for up to 88% of the total removed Cu and up to 95% of the total removed Zn. Stabilization in the underground part of the plant is more contained because of the limited mass of the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Komínková
- Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýcka 129, 165 00 Prague 6- Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Via Claudio21, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Bijay Gurung
- Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýcka 129, 165 00 Prague 6- Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Race
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Via Claudio21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Tritto
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Via Claudio21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ponzo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Via Claudio21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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