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Dong H, Hu Y, Qian L, Yan J, Gao L, Mei W, Zhang J, Chen X, Wu P, Sun Y, Fu X, Xie M, Wang L. Preliminary manifestation of the Yangtze River Protection Strategy in improving the carbon sink function of estuary wetlands. iScience 2024; 27:108974. [PMID: 38327790 PMCID: PMC10847750 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Yangtze River Protection Strategy was proposed and a series of measures were applied to restore the health and function of the Yangtze River ecosystem. However, the impact of these measures on the carbon (C) sink capacity of the Yangtze River estuary wetlands has not been exhaustively studied. In this work, the effects of these measures on the C sink capacity of Yangtze River estuary wetlands were examined through the long-term monitoring of C fluxes, soil respiration, plant growth and water quality. The C flux of the Yangtze River estuary wetlands has become increasingly negative after the implementation of these measures, mainly owing to reduction in soil CO2 emission. The decrease in the chemical fertilizer release and returning farmland to wetland had led to the improvement of water quality in the estuary area, which further reduced soil heterotrophic microbial activity, and ultimately decreasing soil CO2 emissions of estuary wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Liwei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Research Department of Energy and Eco-Environment, Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jianfang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Lianying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Management Affairs Center, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Management Affairs Center, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Management Affairs Center, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengdi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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2
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Durden JM, Clare MA, Vad J, Gates AR. First in-situ monitoring of sponge response and recovery to an industrial sedimentation event. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114870. [PMID: 37071940 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of risks to seabed habitats from industrial activities is based on the resilience and potential for recovery. Increased sedimentation, a key impact of many offshore industries, results in burial and smothering of benthic organisms. Sponges are particularly vulnerable to increases in suspended and deposited sediment, but response and recovery have not been observed in-situ. We quantified the impact of sedimentation from offshore hydrocarbon drilling over ∼5 days on a lamellate demosponge, and its recovery in-situ over ∼40 days using hourly time-lapse photographs with measurements of backscatter (a proxy of suspended sediment) and current speed. Sediment accumulated on the sponge then cleared largely gradually but occasionally sharply, though it did not return to the initial state. This partial recovery likely involved a combination of active and passive removal. We discuss the use of in-situ observing, which is critical to monitoring impacts in remote habitats, and need for calibration to laboratory conditions.
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3
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Arnberg M, Refseth GH, Allan IJ, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Tassara L, Sagerup K, Drivdal M, Nøst OA, Evenset A, Carlsson P. Acute and Sublethal Effects of Deltamethrin Discharges from the Aquaculture Industry on Northern Shrimp ( Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838): Dispersal Modeling and Field Investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3602-3611. [PMID: 36826516 PMCID: PMC9996817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical deltamethrin (Alpha Max), used as delousing treatments in aquaculture, has raised concerns due to possible negative impacts on the marine environment. A novel approach combining different scientific disciplines has addressed this topic. Acute (mortality) and sublethal effects (i.e., fitness, neurological, immunological, and oxidative responses) of exposure of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) were studied in laboratory experiments. Passive water sampling combined with sediment analyses revealed environmental concentrations. Finally, dispersal modeling was performed to predict environmental concentrations. Ecotoxicological analyses showed mortality in shrimp after 1 h of exposure to 2 ng L-1 (1000-fold dilution of treatment dose), revealing a high sensitivity to deltamethrin. Sublethal effects included induction of acetylcholinesterase and acyl CoA oxidase activities and oxidative impairment, which may be linked to neurotoxic responses. Field concentrations of 10-200 ng L-1 in water (100 m from the pens) and <LOD-0.19 ng g-1 dw in sediment (0-400 m from pens) were measured. Ecotoxicological values were compared with measured and modeled concentrations. They showed that concentrations higher than those causing mortality could be expected up to 4-5 km from point of release, in an area of 6.4 km2, with lethal concentrations remaining up to 35 h in some areas. Hence, the study demonstrates that there is a considerable risk for negative effects on the ecologically and commercially important shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Arnberg
- Akvaplan-niva, Pirsenteret, Havnegata 9, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ian John Allan
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, 60 131 Ancona, Italy
- National
Future Biodiversity Center (NFBC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, 60 131 Ancona, Italy
- National
Future Biodiversity Center (NFBC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Tassara
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sagerup
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magnus Drivdal
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Anders Nøst
- Akvaplan-niva, Pirsenteret, Havnegata 9, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pernilla Carlsson
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Quantifying the Physical Impact of Bottom Trawling Based on High-Resolution Bathymetric Data. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bottom trawling is one of the most significant anthropogenic pressures on physical seafloor integrity. The objective classification of physical impact is important to monitor ongoing fishing activities and to assess the regeneration of seafloor integrity in Marine Protected Areas. We use high-resolution bathymetric data recorded by multibeam echo sounders to parameterize the morphology of trawl mark incisions and associated mounds in the Fehmarn Belt, SW Baltic Sea. Trawl marks are recognized by continuous incisions or isolated depressions with depths up to about 25 cm. Elevated mounds fringe a subset of the trawl marks incisions. A net resuspension of sediment takes place based on the volumetric difference between trawl mark incisions and mounds. While not universally applicable, the volume of the trawl mark incisions is suggested as an indicator for the future monitoring of the physical impact of bottom trawling in the Baltic Sea basins.
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5
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Garrison JA, Nordström MC, Albertsson J, Nascimento FJA. Temporal and spatial changes in benthic invertebrate trophic networks along a taxonomic richness gradient. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8975. [PMID: 35784047 PMCID: PMC9168554 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species interactions underlie most ecosystem functions and are important for understanding ecosystem changes. Representing one type of species interaction, trophic networks were constructed from biodiversity monitoring data and known trophic links to assess how ecosystems have changed over time. The Baltic Sea is subject to many anthropogenic pressures, and low species diversity makes it an ideal candidate for determining how pressures change food webs. In this study, we used benthic monitoring data for 20 years (1980–1989 and 2010–2019) from the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak to investigate changes in benthic invertebrate trophic interactions. We constructed food webs and calculated fundamental food web metrics evaluating network horizontal and vertical diversity, as well as stability that were compared over space and time. Our results show that the west coast of Sweden (Skagerrak) suffered a reduction in benthic invertebrate biodiversity by 32% between the 1980s and 2010s, and that the number of links, generality of predators, and vulnerability of prey have been significantly reduced. The other basins (Bothnian Sea, Baltic Proper, and Bornholm Basin) do not show any significant changes in species richness or consistent significant trends in any food web metrics investigated, demonstrating resilience at a lower species diversity. The decreased complexity of the Skagerrak food webs indicates vulnerability to further perturbations and pressures should be limited as much as possible to ensure continued ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Garrison
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Jan Albertsson
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre Umeå University Hörnefors Sweden
| | - Francisco J. A. Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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6
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Palanques A, Paradis S, Puig P, Masqué P, Iacono CL. Effects of bottom trawling on trace metal contamination of sediments along the submarine canyons of the Gulf of Palermo (southwestern Mediterranean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152658. [PMID: 34954182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Submarine canyons are preferential pathways for transport of particulate matter and contaminants from the shelf to the deep sea. The Gulf of Palermo continental margin has a very narrow shelf (about 2-3 km wide on average) and is incised by several submarine canyons that favour shelf-slope sediment transfer. A sediment core collected on the outer shelf and six sediment cores taken at different depths along the Oreto, Eleuterio and Anerella submarine canyons were analysed to study the transfer and historical record of trace metal contamination in the Gulf of Palermo continental margin. Trace metals, major elements, organic carbon and sediment grain size were analysed in these cores, which were dated with 210Pb to assess their historical compositional evolution since the late 19th century. Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd content increased until the 1970s and 1980s, associated with the increase in urbanization and industrial activities in the Palermo area, and Hg was the contaminant that reached the highest enrichments. However, the increasing trend of these metals contamination was reversed in the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with drastic changes in the terrigenous content and grain size of sediments in the canyon axes. These changes occurred when bottom trawling fleets expanded to deeper fishing grounds equipped with powerful trawlers around the Gulf of Palermo canyon heads and flanks and along the Oreto canyon axis. Bottom trawlers have resuspended large amounts of sediment, which have been transferred into the canyons since the 1970s and 1980s and have thus increased sediment accumulation rates. This resuspended sediment has been mixing with the sediment transferred and accumulated along the canyons, diluting and reducing its trace metal contamination levels since the expansion of the bottom trawling fleets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Palanques
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Sarah Paradis
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pere Puig
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Pere Masqué
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; School of Natural Sciences, Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Claudio Lo Iacono
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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7
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Morys C, Brüchert V, Bradshaw C. Impacts of bottom trawling on benthic biogeochemistry in muddy sediments: Removal of surface sediment using an experimental field study. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105384. [PMID: 34233256 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental benthic dredging was conducted in an unfished, muddy area in the Baltic Proper to mimic the impact of trawling by removing surface sediment, with a focus on benthic biogeochemical processes. Sediment cores were taken on the track and compared to undisturbed controls. Benthic fluxes were immediately affected and an upward shift in pore water DIC profiles was detected. The time needed for the sediment to readjust to a new biogeochemical state seemed to be nutrient-specific. Sediment properties (profiles of chlorophyll, organic carbon and water content) were found to change significantly. Macrofauna was removed completely by the dredge pointing out the potential loss of highly valuable functions that are associated with them. In the Baltic Sea, in areas which were previously the most heavily fished, the frequency of trawling may have left little time for readjustment and potentially kept the seabed in a permanent state of transient biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morys
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 A, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Volker Brüchert
- Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences, Svante Arrhenius väg 8 C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 A, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Stewart BD, Jenkins SR, Boig C, Sinfield C, Kennington K, Brand AR, Lart W, Kröger R. Metal pollution as a potential threat to shell strength and survival in marine bivalves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143019. [PMID: 33160677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine bivalve molluscs, such as scallops, mussels and oysters, are crucial components of coastal ecosystems, providing a range of ecosystem services, including a quarter of the world's seafood. Unfortunately, coastal marine areas often suffer from high levels of metals due to dumping and disturbance of contaminated material. We established that increased levels of metal pollution (zinc, copper and lead) in sediments near the Isle of Man, resulting from historical mining, strongly correlated with significant weakening of shell strength in king scallops, Pecten maximus. This weakness increased mortality during fishing and left individuals more exposed to predation. Comparative structural analysis revealed that shells from the contaminated area were thinner and exhibited a pronounced mineralisation disruption parallel to the shell surface within the foliated region of both the top and bottom valves. Our data suggest that these disruptions caused reduced fracture strength and hence increased mortality, even at subcritical contamination levels with respect to current international standards. This hitherto unreported effect is important since such non-apical responses rarely feed into environmental quality assessments, despite potentially significant implications for the survival of organisms exposed to contaminants. Hence our findings highlight the impact of metal pollution on shell mineralisation in bivalves and urge a reappraisal of currently accepted critical contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Stewart
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Boig
- Department of Physics, University of York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin Kennington
- Department of Environment Food and Agriculture, Isle of Man Government, Isle of Man
| | - Andrew R Brand
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Lart
- Sea Fish Industry Authority, Grimsby, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Kröger
- Department of Physics, University of York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
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9
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Cummings VJ, Beaumont J, Mobilia V, Bell JJ, Tracey D, Clark MR, Barr N. Responses of a common New Zealand coastal sponge to elevated suspended sediments: Indications of resilience. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104886. [PMID: 32072988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Suspended sediments can affect the health of marine benthic suspension feeders, with concomitant effects on community diversity, abundance and ecosystem function. Suspended sediment loads can become elevated through trawling and dredging, and via resuspension of bottom sediments and/or direct input from land during storms. We assessed the functioning (survival, respiration, morphology) of a common New Zealand cushion sponge, Crella incrustans (Carter, 1885), during four weeks of exposure to a gradient of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). Survival was high, and oxygen consumption was not affected. Sponges did, however, develop apical fistules, a phenomenon never-before observed in this species. Although sediments accumulated internally within the sponges, around a third had cleared these sediments two weeks after the elevated SSCs were removed. The environments these sponges inhabit may predispose them to coping with high SSCs. Such experiments are useful for defining SSC tolerances, which may influence how such impacts can be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonda J Cummings
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Jennifer Beaumont
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Valeria Mobilia
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dianne Tracey
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm R Clark
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Neill Barr
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Taylor AC, Fones GR, Vrana B, Mills GA. Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:20-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1675043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Taylor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gary R. Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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11
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Zaborska A, Siedlewicz G, Szymczycha B, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L, Pazdro K. Legacy and emerging pollutants in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) - loads and distribution revisited. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:238-255. [PMID: 30686425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine areas of densely populated countries are exposed to a wide array of human activities having an impact on their ecological status. The Baltic Sea is particularly susceptible to pollution by hazardous substances (limited water exchange, shallowness, and large catchment area). Polish media regularly reports ecological catastrophes in the Gulf of Gdańsk area caused by eg. shipwrecks leaking. Thus, there is a need of a broad scientific based report on recent contaminant loads and distribution. In this review paper, we report loads of contaminants from different obvious and non-obvious sources. We also gather data on legacy and new emerging contaminant concentrations measured in the Gulf of Gdańsk within the last decade (2008-2018). The paper also includes available biological effect measurements performed recently as well as a summary of needs and gaps to be filled for the development of reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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12
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Hanebuth TJJ, King ML, Mendes I, Lebreiro S, Lobo FJ, Oberle FK, Antón L, Ferreira PA, Reguera MI. Hazard potential of widespread but hidden historic offshore heavy metal (Pb, Zn) contamination (Gulf of Cadiz, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:561-576. [PMID: 29754090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human-induced seabed sediment disturbances affect wide areas of the global coastal ocean. These recurrent to chronic disturbances mobilize significant amounts of material, including substances that have the potential to significantly harm the environment once re-released. This very challenging issue is difficult to deal with if sub-surface contaminant concentrations are unknown. Based on the analysis of 11 new, up to 5-m long sediment cores taken offshore in the Gulf of Cadiz, the contamination history (using the trace elements lead and zinc) is well documented over major parts of the gulf. Ore mining and metal processing industries on the southwestern Iberian Peninsula started five thousand years ago and experienced a first peak during the Roman Period, which can be detected over the entire gulf. The Industrial Era added a massive, shelf-wide heavy metal excursion of unprecedented dimension. This metal contamination to the coastal ocean decreased in the 1990s and appears to be today limited to larger areas off the Tinto/Odiel and Guadiana River mouths. The unforeseen, significant finding of this study is that the gulf-wide, peak heavy metal concentration, stemming from the Industrial Era, is widely overlain by a modern sediment veneer just thick enough to cover the contaminant horizon, but thin enough to have this layer within the reach of natural or human-induced sediment mobilization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J J Hanebuth
- Department of Coastal and Marine Systems Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA.
| | - Mary Lee King
- Department of Coastal and Marine Systems Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Isabel Mendes
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Susana Lebreiro
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Calle Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Lobo
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Ferdinand K Oberle
- Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Laura Antón
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Calle Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulo Alves Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Reguera
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Calle Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Kaikkonen L, Venesjärvi R, Nygård H, Kuikka S. Assessing the impacts of seabed mineral extraction in the deep sea and coastal marine environments: Current methods and recommendations for environmental risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:1183-1197. [PMID: 30301017 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mineral extraction from the seabed has experienced a recent surge of interest from both the mining industry and marine scientists. While improved methods of geological investigation have enabled the mapping of new seafloor mineral reserves, the ecological impacts of mining in both the deep sea and the shallow seabed are poorly known. This paper presents a synthesis of the empirical evidence from experimental seabed mining and parallel industries to infer the effects of seabed mineral extraction on marine ecosystems, focusing on polymetallic nodules and ferromanganese concretions. We use a problem-structuring framework to evaluate causal relationships between pressures caused by nodule extraction and the associated changes in marine ecosystems. To ensure that the rationale behind impact assessments is clear, we propose that future impact assessments use pressure-specific expert elicitation. We further discuss integrating ecosystem services in the impact assessments and the implications of current methods for environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kaikkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Venesjärvi
- Biosociety and Environment Unit, Natural Resource Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Nygård
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Kuikka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Neira C, Vales M, Mendoza G, Hoh E, Levin LA. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in recreational marina sediments of San Diego Bay, southern California. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:204-214. [PMID: 29421090 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined in surface sediments from three recreational marinas in San Diego Bay, California. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 23 to 153, 31-294, and 151-1387ngg-1 for Shelter Island Yacht Basin (SIYB), Harbor Island West (HW) and Harbor Island East (HE), respectively. PCB concentrations were significantly higher in HE and PCB group composition differed relative to HW and SIYB, which were not significantly different from each other in concentration or group composition. In marina sediments there was a predominance (82-85%) of heavier molecular weight PCBs with homologous groups (6CL-7CL) comprising 59% of the total. In HE 75% of the sites exceeded the effect range median (ERM), and toxicity equivalence (TEQ dioxin-like PCBs) values were higher relative to those of HW and SIYB, suggesting a potential ecotoxicological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neira
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Vales
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Snow DD, Bartelt-Hunt SL. Stereoselective Degradation of Estradiol and Trenbolone Isomers in Alluvial Sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13256-13264. [PMID: 27993082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stereoisomers of estradiol (E2) or trenbolone (TB) can occur together in the environment receiving human or livestock wastes. However, the effect of their co-occurrence on persistence has not been well elucidated. A sandy and a silt loam sediment were used to establish microcosms with α- and β-isomers of E2 or TB spiked individually and together. Sediments were sampled periodically and analyzed for E2 and TB isomers and their transformation products using derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that stereoselective degradation was significant for E2 in both sediments and TB in the sandy sediment with β-isomers decaying more rapidly than α-isomers. In the sandy sediment containing limited natural organic carbon and nutrients, co-occurrence of both isomers of either E2 or TB decreased the dissipation rates. In the silt loam sediment with abundant organic matter and nutrients, the decay rates of both isomers were not changed in the presence of the other isomer. Estrone (E1) and trendione (TD) were detected as primary metabolites of E2 and TB isomers, respectively. The formation and decay profiles of E1 were similar in both sediments with 92-100% of E2 transformed to E1. The TD profiles were different across sediments with ∼100% of TB transformed to TD except in the sandy sediment where 51-60% of 17α-TB was converted to TD. These results indicate that the transformation processes of steroid hormone are stereoselective in sediment and co-occurrence of stereoisomers can prolong steroid persistence and thus pose greater environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Institute , Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0178, United States
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Nebraska Water Center and School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0844, United States
| | - Shannon L Bartelt-Hunt
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Institute , Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0178, United States
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16
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Hu B, Wang P, Zhang N, Wang C, Ao Y. Photoproduction of dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrients from resuspended lake sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22126-22135. [PMID: 27543128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments exposed to simulated solar radiation can serve as an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to surrounding waters. However, it is still unclear if dissolved nutrients can be photoproduced from lake sedimentary organic matter. In this study, a series of laboratory-based experiments was conducted to address the photoproduction of dissolved inorganic nutrients and DOC from resuspended Taihu Lake sediments. Dissolved inorganic nutrients and DOC were photoproduced after 8-h irradiation. The released NH4+, NOx-, and DOC levels ranged from 3.57 to 12.14, 1.43 to 6.43, and 24.17 to 69.17 μmol L-1, respectively. The variation in the amount released indicated that sediment source had an effect on DOC and nutrient photorelease. More DOC and nutrients were released from higher concentration suspensions. However, due to the light absorption by suspended sediment, less DOC and nutrients were released from per gram of suspended sediment in high concentration suspensions. The decrease in DOC and increase in dissolved inorganic nitrogen during the last 2-h irradiation indicated that the photoproduction of inorganic nutrients proceeded via direct photodissolution of suspended sediments and subsequent photodegradation of the produced dissolved organic matter. Our results demonstrated that the photoproduction flux of NH4+ and NOx- accounts for 12.3 and 6.5 % of wet deposition, respectively, which suggest that the photodissolution of suspended sediment could be a potential source of DOC and dissolved nutrients in shallow water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Belles A, Mamindy-Pajany Y, Alary C. Simulation of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons remobilization from a river sediment using laboratory experiments supported by passive sampling techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2426-2436. [PMID: 26416124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resuspension of bedded sediments was simulated under laboratory-controlled conditions in order to assess the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) remobilized in the dissolved fraction during one short and vigorous mixing. The desorbed amount of PAH was compared to the exchangeable fraction, the total amount of PAH sorbed on the sediment particles, and the dissolved PAH amount contained in the interstitial pore waters in order to evaluate the contribution of each fraction to the total amount of PAH released. To monitor the desorption of PAH and measure low trace level concentrations, passive samplers were used in an experimental open flow through exposure simulator. Results show that for the selected sediment, a substantial fraction of sorbed PAH (69 % of the total amount) is not available for remobilization in a depleted medium. Obtained data pinpoint that over 9 days, only 0.007 % of PAH are desorbed by passive diffusion through a water-sediment interface area of 415 cm(2) and that an intense resuspension event of 15 min induces desorption of 0.015 % of PAH during the following 9 days. Results also highlight that during resuspension simulation, modifications of the sediment and the water body occurred since partitioning constants of some pollutants between sediment and water have significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Belles
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France.
- Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Yannick Mamindy-Pajany
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France
- Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Claire Alary
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France
- Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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18
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Pringault O, Lafabrie C, Avezac M, Bancon-Montigny C, Carre C, Chalghaf M, Delpoux S, Duvivier A, Elbaz-Poulichet F, Gonzalez C, Got P, Leboulanger C, Spinelli S, Hlaili AS, Bouvy M. Consequences of contaminant mixture on the dynamics and functional diversity of bacterioplankton in a southwestern Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1060-1073. [PMID: 26451655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of coastal environments is often due to a complex mixture of pollutants, sometimes in trace levels, that may have significant effects on diversity and function of organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term dynamics of bacterioplankton exposed to natural and artificial mixtures of contaminants. Bacterial communities from a southwestern Mediterranean ecosystem, lagoon and the bay (offshore) of Bizerte were exposed to i) elutriate from resuspension of contaminated sediment, and ii) an artificial mixture of metals and herbicides mimicking the contamination observed during sediment resuspension. Elutriate incubation as well as artificial spiking induced strong enrichments in nutrients (up to 18 times), metals (up to six times) and herbicides (up to 20 times) relative to the in situ concentrations in the offshore station, whereas the increases in contaminants were less marked in the lagoon station. In the offshore waters, the artificial mixture of pollutants provoked a strong inhibition of bacterial abundance, production and respiration and significant modifications of the potential functional diversity of bacterioplankton with a strong decrease of the carbohydrate utilization. In contrast, incubation with elutriate resulted in a stimulation of bacterial activities and abundances, suggesting that the toxic effects of pollutants were modified by the increase in nutrient and DOM concentrations due to the sediment resuspension. The effects of elutriate and the artificial mixture of pollutants on bacterial dynamics and the functional diversity were less marked in the lagoon waters, than in offshore waters, suggesting a relative tolerance of lagoon bacteria against contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pringault
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Céline Lafabrie
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Murielle Avezac
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès, LGEI, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny
- UMR 5569 HYDROSCIENCES IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Carre
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mohamed Chalghaf
- Institut Supérieur de Pêche et d'Aquaculture de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sophie Delpoux
- UMR 5569 HYDROSCIENCES IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Duvivier
- UMR 5569 HYDROSCIENCES IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet
- UMR 5569 HYDROSCIENCES IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès, LGEI, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Got
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Leboulanger
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvie Spinelli
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès, LGEI, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Asma Sakka Hlaili
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Marc Bouvy
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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19
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Starrfelt J, Saloranta TM. Simulating the uncertain effect of active carbon capping of a dioxin-polluted Norwegian fjord. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 11:481-489. [PMID: 25641901 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Process-based multimedia models are frequently used to simulate the long-term impacts of pollutants and to evaluate potential remediation actions that can be put in place to improve or manage polluted marine environments. Many such models are detailed enough to encapsulate the different scales and processes relevant for various contaminants, yet still are tractable enough for analysis through established methods for uncertainty assessment. Inclusion and quantification of the uncertainty associated with local efficacy of remediation actions is of importance when the desired outcome in terms of human health concerns or environmental classification shows a nonlinear relationship with remediation effort. We present an updated fugacity-based environmental fate model set up to simulate the historical fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in the Grenland fjords, in Norway. The model is parameterized using Bayesian inference and is then used to simulate the effect of capping parts of the polluted sediments with active carbon. Great care is taken in quantifying the uncertainty regarding the efficacy of the activated carbon cap to reduce the leaching of contaminants from the sediments. The model predicts that by capping selected parts of the fjord, biota will be classified as moderately polluted approximately a decade earlier than a natural remediation scenario. Our approach also illustrates the importance of incorporating uncertainty in local remediation efforts, as the biotic concentrations scale nonlinearly with remediation effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Starrfelt
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Solaun O, Rodríguez JG, Borja A, Larreta J, Valencia V. Relationships between polychlorinated biphenyls in molluscs, hydrological characteristics and human pressures, within Basque estuaries (northern Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:130-135. [PMID: 25150824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interannual variability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), measured in the soft tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels and Crassostrea gigas oysters, collected from estuarine waters within the Basque Country (Bay of Biscay), are investigated. Samples were collected in the autumn, between 2002 and 2011. Sites located within the ports of Bilbao and Pasaia showed the highest PCBs concentrations in molluscs; the lowest were observed in the mouth of the Oka estuary, an area of low population and industrial activity. Congener profiles of PCBs in the tissues of molluscs reveal the predominance of hexachlorobiphenyls (CB153 and CB138). In addition, redundancy analysis has shown that residence time, river flow and a 'pressure index' explain 57% of the variability in the PCB congener concentrations (the higher the values of these variables, the higher the concentration). Finally, Σ7PCB median concentrations in molluscs and sediments, collected from nearby sampling sites, were found to be moderately correlated (r(2)=0.513, p<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Solaun
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
| | - J G Rodríguez
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - A Borja
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - J Larreta
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - V Valencia
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
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21
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Amaeze NH, Schnell S, Sozeri O, Otitoloju AA, Egonmwan RI, Arlt VM, Bury NR. Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of the RTgill-W1 fish cells in combination with the yeast oestrogen screen to determine the sediment quality of Lagos lagoon, Nigeria. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:117-27. [PMID: 25527734 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic advancements in developing countries have seen an increase in urbanisation and industrialisation with a rise in the levels of discharge of effluents and municipal waste into aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, aquatic environmental regulations in these countries are often rudimentary and the development of environmental monitoring programmes will help identify ecological risks. As an example, the current study assesses the pollution status of 11 sampling sites in Lagos lagoon, Nigeria. The organic solvent sediment extracts were assessed for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in rainbow trout gill-W1 cells. The induction of oestrogenic activities using the yeast oestrogen screen was also determined. The sediments were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides). Only sediments from three sites were cytotoxic at both 25 and 12.5mg eQsed/ml using the Alamar Blue cell viability assay. The alkaline Comet assay showed that all sites caused significant DNA damage at 7 mg eQsed/ml; the extent of the damage was site specific. The measure of oxidative damage to DNA via the formamidopyrimidine DNA-glycosylase-modified Comet assay revealed similar results. Toxicity to yeast cells was observed in extracts from six sites; of the remaining sites, only two exhibited oestrogenic activity. There was no strong consistent relationship between sediment PAH concentrations and the cell toxicity endpoints. The dynamic nature of Lagos lagoon with its tides and freshwater inputs are suggested as factors that make it difficult to link the sources of pollution observed at each site with PAH levels and toxic endpoints. The study has demonstrated that the Comet assay is a sensitive endpoint to identify sediments that possess genotoxic contaminants, and this in vitro bioassay has the potential to be incorporated into an environmental monitoring framework for Lagos lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi H Amaeze
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101017 Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Osman Sozeri
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Adebayo A Otitoloju
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101017 Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rosemary I Egonmwan
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101017 Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Nic R Bury
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and
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22
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Chapman PM, Wang F, Caeiro SS. Assessing and managing sediment contamination in transitional waters. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 55:71-91. [PMID: 23528483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sediment contamination remains a global problem, particularly in transitional waters such as estuaries and coastal lagoons, which are the recipients of chemicals from multiple near- and far-field sources. Although transitional waters are highly productive ecosystems, approaches for assessing and managing their sediment contamination are not as well developed as in marine and fresh waters. Further, although transitional waters remain defined by their variable and unique natural water quality characteristics, particularly salinity, the biota inhabiting such ecosystems, once thought to be defined by Remane's "paradox of brackish water", are being redefined. The purpose of the present paper is to build on an earlier but now dated (>12years old) review of methods to assess sediment contamination in estuaries, extending this to all transitional waters, including information on integrative assessments and on management decision-making. The following are specifically discussed: chemical assessments; bioindicators; biomarkers; and, biological surveys. Assessment and management of sediment contamination in transitional waters need to be focused on ecosystem services and, where appropriate and possible, be proactive rather than reactive when uncertainty has been suitably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Chapman
- Golder Associates Ltd., 500-4260 Still Creek Drive, Burnaby, BC V5C 6C6, Canada.
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23
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Allan IJ, Nilsson HC, Tjensvoll I, Bradshaw C, Naes K. PCDD/F release during benthic trawler-induced sediment resuspension. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2780-2787. [PMID: 22936523 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Benthic trawling can cause the resuspension of large amounts of sediments. Such regular practice in the Grenland fjord system in the south of Norway has the potential to affect the fate, movement, and bioavailability of sediment-associated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). A novel mode of exposing passive sampling devices consisting of towing semipermeable membrane devices attached to the trawl net was used to gauge in situ changes in the freely dissolved concentration of PCDD/Fs on benthic trawler-induced sediment resuspension. Significant accumulation of a number of PCDD/F congeners was observed despite the short (5 h) sampler exposure times. On average, a one order of magnitude increase in freely dissolved PCCD/F concentrations was seen within minutes of the sediment being resuspended. This observation was supported by similar changes in filtered PCDD/F concentrations measured by high-volume sampling prior to resuspension and in the sediment plume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo Centre for Interdisciplinary Environmental and Social Research, Oslo, Norway.
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