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Scialò F, Vitale M, D'Agnano V, Mariniello DF, Perrotta F, Castaldo A, Campbell SFM, Pastore L, Cazzola M, Bianco A. Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders. Lung 2023; 201:455-466. [PMID: 37752217 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions between microbes and lung cells is still in its infancy, any event causing a persistent qualitative or quantitative variation in the composition of lung microbiome, termed "dysbiosis", has been virtually associated with many respiratory diseases. A deep understanding of the composition and function of the "healthy" lung microbiota and how dysbiosis can cause or participate in disease progression will be pivotal in finding specific therapies aimed at preventing diseases and restoring lung function. Here, we review lung microbiome dysbiosis in different lung pathologies and the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause or contribute to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, we describe how different respiratory disorders can be caused by the same pathogen, and that the real pathogenetic mechanism is not only dependent by the presence and amount of the main pathogen but can be shaped by the interaction it can build with other bacteria, fungi, and viruses present in the lung. Understanding the nature of this bacteria crosstalk could further our understanding of each respiratory disease leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialò
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan F M Campbell
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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Khedr L, Khedr NF, Werida RH. Functional capacity and inflammatory biomarkers as predictors for right atrial volume index in COPD patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:1493-1504. [PMID: 37217717 PMCID: PMC10427529 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality and right-heart complications. So, this study aimed to evaluate the role of right atrial volume index (RAVI), inflammatory biomarkers and functional capacity in predicting poor outcomes for patients with COPD, classified by COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire, as early predictors of right heart diseases. METHODS 151 patients with COPD with ejection fraction (LVEF) > 55% were enrolled and classified according to CAT questionnaire into CAT ≥ 10 (group I) and CAT < 10 (group II). RAVI was calculated using Echocardiography. Assessment of RV systolic function was done by Doppler imaging. Functional capacity parameters were assessed by modified medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC). IL-1β, adiponectin, hs-CRP and neopterin were evaluated by ELSA kits. RESULTS Group I (CAT ≥ 10) had higher RAVI (73.92 ± 21.20 ml/m2 vs 22.73 ± 6.24 ml/m2, p < 0.001), lower S`tri (0.05 ± 0.01 vs 0.13 ± 0.03 m/s, p < 0.001), lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (1.20 ± 0.17 cm vs 2.17 ± 0.48 cm, p < 0.001), higher RVSP (54.88 ± 7.97 vs 26.79 ± 9.84 mmHg, p < 0.001) compared with group II (CAT < 10). RAVI was good predictor of CAT (r = 0.954, p < 0.001) and strongly correlated with tricuspid S`tri, RVSP, tricuspid E/e' and Mitral E/e' (r = -0.737, r = 0.753, r = 0.817 and r = 0.515, respectively, p < 0.001). RAVI was correlated with TAPSE (r = -0.673, p < 0.001) and with tricuspid E/A ratio & LVEF (r = 0.628, r = -0.407, respectively, p < 0.001). Hs-CRP: 2.50 ± 1.43 vs 2.03 ± 1.19, IL-1β: 37.96 ± 14.35 vs 27.57 ± 8.06, neopterin: 91.37 ± 17.30 vs 76.90 ± 16.75, p < 0.05) were significantly higher besides lower adiponectin levels (3.19 ± 1.98 vs 5.32 ± 1.33 p < 0.05) in group I as compared to group II. CONCLUSION Functional capacity might be useful predictor for right heart diseases in COPD patients. Inflammatory biomarkers, low adiponectin and high Hs-CRP, IL-1β and neopterin levels, might not only be useful to monitor treatment response but may also help to discriminate patients with a worsen prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Khedr
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Rehab H Werida
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt.
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Camassa LMA, Elje E, Mariussen E, Longhin EM, Dusinska M, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Rundén-Pran E. Advanced Respiratory Models for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials—Performance of Mono-, Co- and Tricultures. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152609. [PMID: 35957046 PMCID: PMC9370172 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models are needed to support next-generation risk assessment (NGRA), moving from hazard assessment based mainly on animal studies to the application of new alternative methods (NAMs). Advanced models must be tested for hazard assessment of nanomaterials (NMs). The aim of this study was to perform an interlaboratory trial across two laboratories to test the robustness of and optimize a 3D lung model of human epithelial A549 cells cultivated at the air–liquid interface (ALI). Potential change in sensitivity in hazard identification when adding complexity, going from monocultures to co- and tricultures, was tested by including human endothelial cells EA.hy926 and differentiated monocytes dTHP-1. All models were exposed to NM-300K in an aerosol exposure system (VITROCELL® cloud-chamber). Cyto- and genotoxicity were measured by AlamarBlue and comet assay. Cellular uptake was investigated with transmission electron microscopy. The models were characterized by confocal microscopy and barrier function tested. We demonstrated that this advanced lung model is applicable for hazard assessment of NMs. The results point to a change in sensitivity of the model by adding complexity and to the importance of detailed protocols for robustness and reproducibility of advanced in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Elje
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, FHI, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Shan Zienolddiny-Narui
- National Institute of Occupational Health in Norway, 0033 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.-N.); (E.R.-P.); Tel.: +47-2319-5284 (S.Z.-N.); +47-6389-8237 (E.R.-P.)
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.-N.); (E.R.-P.); Tel.: +47-2319-5284 (S.Z.-N.); +47-6389-8237 (E.R.-P.)
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Mueller W, Milner J, Loh M, Vardoulakis S, Wilkinson P. Exposure to urban greenspace and pathways to respiratory health: An exploratory systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154447. [PMID: 35283125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Urban greenspace may have a beneficial or adverse effect on respiratory health. Our objective was to perform an exploratory systematic review to synthesise the evidence and identify the potential causal pathways relating urban greenspace and respiratory health. METHODS We followed PRISMA guidelines on systematic reviews and searched five databases for eligible studies during 2000-2021. We incorporated a broad range of urban greenspace and respiratory health search terms, including both observational and experimental studies. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias, assessed using the Navigation Guide criteria, were performed independently by two authors. We performed a narrative synthesis and discuss suggested pathways to respiratory health. RESULTS We identified 108 eligible papers (n = 104 observational, n = 4 experimental). The most common greenspace indicators were the overall greenery or vegetation (also known as greenness), green land use/land cover of physical area classes (e.g., parks, forests), and tree canopy cover. A wide range of respiratory health indicators were studied, with asthma prevalence being the most common. Two thirds (n = 195) of the associations in these studies were positive (i.e., beneficial) with health, with 31% (n = 91) statistically significant; only 9% (n = 25) of reported associations were negative (i.e., adverse) with health and statistically significant. The most consistent positive evidence was apparent for respiratory mortality. There were n = 35 (32%) 'probably low' and n = 73 (68%) 'probably high' overall ratings of bias. Hypothesised causal pathways for health benefits included lower air pollution, more physically active populations, and exposure to microbial diversity; suggested mechanisms with poorer health included exposure to pollen and other aeroallergens. CONCLUSION Many studies showed positive association between urban greenspace and respiratory health, especially lower respiratory mortality; this is suggestive, but not conclusive, of causal effects. Results underscore the importance of contextual factors, greenspace metric employed, and the potential bias of subtle selection factors, which should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mueller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK.
| | - James Milner
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
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PERROTTA F, D’AGNANO V, SCIALÒ F, KOMICI K, ALLOCCA V, NUCERA F, SALVI R, STELLA GM, BIANCO A. Evolving concepts in COPD and lung cancer: a narrative review. Minerva Med 2022; 113:436-448. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kee NG, Kim HS, Choi H, Kim HJ, Seo YR. Genomic Approach to the Assessment of Adverse Effects of Particulate Matters on Skin Cancer and Other Disorders and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:153-161. [PMID: 34703818 PMCID: PMC8511580 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutants are in the spotlight because the human body can easily be exposed to them. Among air pollutants, the particulate matter (PM) represents one of the most serious toxicants that can enter the human body through various exposure routes. PMs have various adverse effects and classified as severe carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Their physical and chemical characteristics are distinguished by their size. In this review, we summarized the published information on the physicochemical characteristics and adverse effects of PMs on the skin, including carcinogenicity. Through comparisons of biological networks constructed from relationships discussed in the previous scientific publications, we show it is possible to predict skin cancers and other disorders from particle-size-specific signaling alterations of PM-responsive genes. Our review not only helps to grasp the biological association between ambient PMs and skin diseases including cancer, but also provides new approaches to interpret chemical-gene-disease associations regarding the adverse effects of these heterogeneous particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Gook Kee
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Bioscience Lab., R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Bioscience Lab., R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
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Al-Sadik H, Sugathan S, Saseedharan P, Sulaiman S, Beegam S, Nemmar A, Attoub S, Karam SM. Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles on Mouse Gastric Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10080149. [PMID: 32806566 PMCID: PMC7460091 DOI: 10.3390/life10080149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted many scientists because of their unique properties and therapeutic applications. However, very little is known on the environmental toxins that could affect their biological features. This study focuses on the consequences of the exposure of a cell line representative of the mouse gastric stem/progenitor (mGS) cells to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). These immortal cells were cultured using routine protocols. The DEPs were added to the culture media at 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 1 to 72 h. The cells were assayed for their viability, migration, oxidative stress, and the expression of genes specific for cell proliferation, pluripotency, and death. DEPs induced a reduction in the metabolic activity of mGS cells, only at a high concentration of 100 µg/mL. However, no significant effects were detected on cell migration, oxidative stress markers (glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and cell death related proteins/genes. Interestingly, these findings were associated with down-regulation of Notch 2 and 3 and Bmi-1 proteins and activation of STAT3 involved in the regulation of the fate of stem cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that mGS cells have some resistance to oxidative stress and apoptosis when exposed to DEPs at the expense of their stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Al-Sadik
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Prashanth Saseedharan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Shahrazad Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (A.N.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7493
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Post-transcriptional air pollution oxidation to the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway promotes pulmonary stress phenotypes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:392. [PMID: 32699268 PMCID: PMC7376215 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of environmentally-induced chemical changes in RNA has been fairly unexplored. Air pollution induces oxidative modifications such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) in RNAs of lung cells, which could be associated with premature lung dysfunction. We develop a method for 8-oxoG profiling using immunocapturing and RNA sequencing. We find 42 oxidized transcripts in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells exposed to two air pollution mixtures that recreate urban atmospheres. We show that the FDFT1 transcript in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is susceptible to air pollution-induced oxidation. This process leads to decreased transcript and protein expression of FDFT1, and reduced cholesterol synthesis in cells exposed to air pollution. Knockdown of FDFT1 replicates alterations seen in air pollution exposure such as transformed cell size and suppressed cytoskeleton organization. Our results argue of a possible novel biomarker and of an unseen mechanism by which air pollution selectively modifies key metabolic-related transcripts facilitating cell phenotypes in bronchial dysfunction. Gonzales-Rivera et al. develop a method for 8-oxoG profiling using immunocapturing and RNA sequencing. They show that the FDFT1 transcript is susceptible to air pollution-induced oxidation, after identifying 42 transcripts that are differentially oxidized in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells under air pollution conditions relative to clean air. FDFT1 oxidation affects cholesterol synthesis pathway, leading to phenotypes associated with several lung diseases.
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Douafer H, Andrieu V, Brunel JM. Scope and limitations on aerosol drug delivery for the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases. J Control Release 2020; 325:276-292. [PMID: 32652109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for the development of new methods for antibiotics delivery to patients with pulmonary infections in order to mainly increase the effectiveness of the drugs administration, to minimize the risk of emergence of resistant strains, and to prevent patients reinfection. Since bacterial resistance is often related to antibiotic concentration, their pulmonary administration could eradicate strains resistant to the same drug at the concentration achieved through the systemic circulation. Pulmonary administration offers several advantages; it directly targets the site of the infection which allows the inhaled dose of the drug to be reduced compared to that administered orally or parenterally while keeping the same local effect. The review article is made with an objective to compile information about various existing modern technologies developed to provide greater patient compliance and reduce the undesirable side effect of the drugs. In conclusion, aerosol antibiotic delivery appears as one of the best technologies for the treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases and able to limit the systemic adverse effects related to the high drug dose and to make life easier for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Douafer
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Andrieu
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille, France
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Pan Y, Pan X, Xiao H, Xiao H. Structural Characteristics and Functional Implications of PM 2.5 Bacterial Communities During Fall in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2369. [PMID: 31681228 PMCID: PMC6798152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution characterized by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) frequently has occurred in China, and has posed threats to human health. The physiochemical characteristics of airborne PM2.5 have been extensively studied, but its bacterial structures and functions have not yet been well studied. Herein, we focused on the structural characteristics and functional implications of airborne bacteria under different pollution levels in Beijing and Shanghai. The α- and β-diversities showed no obvious difference in two cities (p > 0.05). The dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria with total abundance of over 92% were found in all PM2.5 samples. The results of weighted unifrac non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) suggested that air pollution was no obviously correlated with bacterial community but dispersed disorderly. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and permutation test indicated that NH4+, SO42-, and wind speed were the key factors that associated with airborne bacterial community structure. Chemical components of particulate matter played more important role in structuring bacterial community than meteorological conditions based on the result of partial CCA. In addition, the annotation of metabolic pathway suggested that the predominant genus Pseudomonas was obviously correlated with disease infections. Several dominant species might contribute to organic degradation, nitrogen cycles, and ice-nuclei activities in environments. Overall, this work enhanced our understanding of functions of airborne bacteria and highlighted their potential role in atmospheric chemical progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
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11
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De Linares C, Alcázar P, Valle AM, Díaz de la Guardia C, Galán C. Parietaria major allergens vs pollen in the air we breathe. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108514. [PMID: 31202045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parietaria and Urtica are the genera from the Urticaceae family more frequent in Mediterranean and Atlantic areas. Moreover, both genera share pollination periods, and their pollen (of the main species) is so similar that there is no aerobiological evidence of the proportion of each of them in the airborne pollen identification, except in the case of U. membranacea. However, Parietaria is one of the most important causes of pollinosis and Urtica is not. Our aim is determine if airborne Urticaceae pollen concentrations show the aerodynamics of the two major allergens of Parietaria (Par j 1 and Par j 2) as well as the allergen distribution in the different-sized particles. METHODS The air was sampled during the pollination period of Urticaceae using Hirst Volumetric Sampler and Andersen Cascade Impactor in two cities of Southern Spain (Córdoba and Granada). The samples were analysed by the methodology proposed by the Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA) and the minimum requirements of the European Aeroallergen Society (EAS) for pollen, and by ELISA immunoassay for allergens. RESULTS The patterns of airborne pollen and Par j 1-Par j 2 were present in the air during the studied period, although with irregular oscillations. Urticaceae pollen and Par j 1-Par j 2 allergens located in PM2.5 showed positive and significant correlation during the period with maximum concentrations (March to April). CONCLUSION Parietaria aeroallergens show similar pattern of Urticaceae airborne pollen. Urticaceae pollen calendar is as a good tool for allergy prevention. On the other hand, important concentrations of Par j 1 and Par j 2 were located in the breathable fraction (PM2.5), which could explain the asthmatic symptoms in the allergic population to Parietaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción De Linares
- Unitat de Botànica and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Purificación Alcázar
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Valle
- Pharmacy Service, Campus de la Salud Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Galán
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
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Perrotta F, Rocco D, Vitiello F, De Palma R, Guerra G, De Luca A, Navani N, Bianco A. Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Advanced NSCLC: A New Landscape for Elderly Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2258. [PMID: 31067796 PMCID: PMC6539213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic scenario for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC has been limited to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, a novel therapeutic approach based on targeting the immune-checkpoints has showed noteworthy results in advanced NSCLC. PD1/PD-L1 pathway is co-opted by tumor cells through the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface and on cells within the microenvironment, leading to suppression of anti-tumor cytolytic T-cell activity by the tumor. The success of immune-checkpoints inhibitors in clinical trials led to rapid approval by the FDA and EMA. Currently, data regarding efficacy and safety of ICIs in older subjects is limited by the poor number of elderly recruited in clinical trials. Careful assessment and management of comorbidities is essential to achieve better outcomes and limit the immune related adverse events in elderly NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Danilo Rocco
- Pneumo-Oncology Unit, A.O. dei Colli "Monaldi Hospital", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Vitiello
- Pneumo-Oncology Unit, A.O. dei Colli "Monaldi Hospital", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Neal Navani
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory and Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London WC1E6JF, UK.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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13
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Silvani S, Figliuzzi M, Remuzzi A. Toxicological evaluation of airborne particulate matter. Are cell culture technologies ready to replace animal testing? J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1484-1491. [PMID: 31025406 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) can affect human health, causing asthma, atherosclerosis, renal disease and cancer. In the last few years, outdoor air pollution has increased globally, leading to a public health emergency. Epidemiological studies have reported a correlation between the development of severe respiratory and systemic diseases and exposure to PM. To evaluate the toxic effect of PM of different origins, conventional experimental toxicological investigations have been conducted in animals; however, animal experimentation poses major ethical issues and usually differs from human conditions. As an alternative, human cell cultures are increasingly being used to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of PM toxicity. Although 2D cell cultures have been proven helpful, they are far from being a valid alternative to animal tests. Recently, 3D cell culture and organ-on-chip technology have provided systems that are more complex and that can be more informative for toxicity studies. In this review, the results of the 2D systems that are most frequently used for PM toxicity evaluations are summarized with a special focus on their limitations. We also examined to which extent 3D cell culture and particularly the organ-on-chip technology may overcome these limitations and represent effective tools to improve airborne PM toxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silvani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG), Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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14
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long-term mortality in elderly subjects with chronic heart failure. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:1157-1164. [PMID: 28224475 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with high rates of mortality in elderly subjects. Concurrent CHF and COPD frequently occur, especially in with advancing age. This study examines long-term mortality in community-dwelling elderly subjects affected by CHF alone, COPD alone, and coexistent CHF and COPD. METHODS The study evaluated 12-years mortality in 1288 subjects stratified for the presence or absence of CHF or COPD alone, and for coexistence of CHF and COPD. RESULTS Mortality, at 12 year follow-up, was 46.7% overall, 68.6% in the presence of CHF alone (p < 0.001), 56.9% in the presence of COPD alone (p < 0.01); mortality was 86.2% where CHF and COPD coexisted (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher than in CHF or COPD alone (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicates that CHF (Hazard risk = 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.15-3.27, p < 0.031) and COPD (Hazard risk = 1.27, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.85, p < 0.042) were predictive of long-term mortality. When CHF and COPD simultaneously occurred, the risk dramatically increased up to 3.73 (95% confidence interval = 1.19-6.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-up showed higher mortality among elderly subjects affected by CHF or COPD. Simultaneous presence of CHF and COPD significantly increased the risk of death. Therefore, the presence of COPD in CHF patients should be considered a relevant factor in predicting high risk of mortality.
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15
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Kononenko V, Erman A, Petan T, Križaj I, Kralj S, Makovec D, Drobne D. Harmful at non-cytotoxic concentrations: SiO 2-SPIONs affect surfactant metabolism and lamellar body biogenesis in A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:419-429. [PMID: 28406072 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1309704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising approach in nanomedicine. For the efficient and safe use of inhalable NPs, understanding of NP interference with lung surfactant metabolism is needed. Lung surfactant is predominantly a phospholipid substance, synthesized in alveolar type II cells (ATII), where it is packed in special organelles, lamellar bodies (LBs). In vitro and in vivo studies have reported NPs impact on surfactant homeostasis, but this phenomenon has not yet been sufficiently examined. We showed that in ATII-like A549 human lung cancer cells, silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SiO2-SPIONs), which have a high potential in medicine, caused an increased cellular amount of acid organelles and phospholipids. In SiO2-SPION treated cells, we observed elevated cellular quantity of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), organelles involved in LB biogenesis. In spite of the results indicating increased surfactant production, the cellular quantity of LBs was surprisingly diminished and the majority of the remaining LBs were filled with SiO2-SPIONs. Additionally, LBs were detected inside abundant autophagic vacuoles (AVs) and obviously destined for degradation. We also observed time- and dose-dependent changes in mRNA expression for proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Our results demonstrate that non-cytotoxic concentrations of SiO2-SPIONs interfere with surfactant metabolism and LB biogenesis, leading to disturbed ability to reduce hypophase surface tension. To ensure the safe use of NPs for pulmonary delivery, we propose that potential NP interference with LB biogenesis is obligatorily taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veno Kononenko
- a Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Andreja Erman
- b Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- c Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- c Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,d Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Slavko Kralj
- e Department for Materials Synthesis , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- e Department for Materials Synthesis , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- a Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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16
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Xu C, Wei M, Chen J, Wang X, Zhu C, Li J, Zheng L, Sui G, Li W, Wang W, Zhang Q, Mellouki A. Bacterial characterization in ambient submicron particles during severe haze episodes at Ji'nan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:188-196. [PMID: 28017418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In January 2014, severe haze episodes which sweep across Chinese cities have attracted public concern and interest at home and abroad. In addition to the physicochemical properties of air pollutants, bacteria are thought to be responsible for the spread of respiratory diseases and various allergies. We attempted the bacterial characterization of submicron particles (PM0.18-0.32, PM0.32-0.56, and PM0.56-1) under severe haze episodes using high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR detecting system based on 21 samples collected from January to March 2014 at Ji'nan, China. The high bacterial concentration in PM0.32-0.56 (7314cells m-3), PM0.18-0.32 (7212cells m-3), and PM0.56-1 (6982cells m-3) showed significant negative correlations with SO2, NO2, and O3. Under sufficient sequencing depth, 37 phyla, 71 classes, 137 orders, 236 families, and 378 genera were classified, and the bacterial community structure varied significantly in different size fractions. For example, Holophagaceae (Acidobacteria) in PM0.32-0.56 showed 6-fold higher abundance than that in PM0.18-0.32. Moreover, functional categories and bacterial species (Lactococcus piscium, Pseudomonas fragi, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas cichorii) that may potentially be responsible for infections and allergies were also discovered. Source track analysis showed that the ambient bacteria mainly originated from soils, leaf surfaces, and feces. Our results highlighted the importance of airborne microbial communities by understanding the concentration, structure, ecological and health effects, especially those in submicron particles during haze episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xu
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Min Wei
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China; Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, CNRS, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France
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17
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Bianco A, Nigro E, Monaco ML, Matera MG, Scudiero O, Mazzarella G, Daniele A. The burden of obesity in asthma and COPD: Role of adiponectin. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 43:20-25. [PMID: 28115224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The influence of obesity on development, severity and prognosis of both asthma and COPD is attracting growing interest. The impact of obesity on the respiratory system ranges from structural modifications (decline of total lung capacity) to humoral alterations. Adipose tissue strongly contributes to the establishment of an inflammatory state being an important source of adipokines. Amongst adipokines, adiponectin is an important component of organ cross talk with adipose tissue exerting protective effects on a variety of pathophysiological processes. Adiponectin is secreted in serum where it abundantly circulates as complexes of different molecular weight. Adiponectin properties are mediated by specific receptors that are widely expressed with AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin being present on epithelial and endothelial pulmonary cells indicating a functional role on lung physiology. In COPD, mild to moderate obesity has been shown to have protective effects on patient's survival, while a higher mortality rate has been observed in patients with low BMI. A specific cluster of obese patients has been identified; in this group, asthma features are particularly severe and difficult to treat. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the base of cross talk among different tissues and organs will lead to identification of new targets for both diagnosis and treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. Bianchi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. Bianchi, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. Bianchi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
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18
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Perrotta F, Mazzeo F, Cerqua FS. Which treatment for obstructive airway disease: The inhaled bronchodilators. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 43:57-59. [PMID: 28089891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Filomena Mazzeo
- Department of Science and Technologies University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
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Salvi R, Meoli I, Cennamo A, Perrotta F, Saverio Cerqua F, Montesano R, Curcio C, Lassandro F, Stefanelli F, Grella E, Tafuri D, Mazzarella G, Bianco A. Preoperative high-intensity training in frail old patients undergoing pulmonary resection for NSCLC. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:443-448. [PMID: 28352834 PMCID: PMC5329866 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic surgery remains the better therapeutic option for non-small cell lung cancer patients that are diagnosed in early stage disease. Preoperative lung function assessment includes respiratory function tests (RFT) and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Vo2 peak, FEV1 and DLCO as well as recognition of performance status, presence of co-morbidities, frailty indexes, and age predict the potential impact of surgical resection on patient health status and survival risk. In this study we have retrospectively assessed the benefit of a high-intensity preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) in 14 patients with underlying lung function impairment prior to surgery. Amongst these, three patients candidate to surgical resection exhibited severe functional impairment associated with high score of frailty according CHS and SOF index, resulting in a substantial mortality risk. Our observations indicate that PRP appear to reduce the mortality and morbidity risk in frail patients with concurrent lung function impairment undergoing thoracic surgery. PRP produced improvement of VO2 peak degree and pulmonary function resulting in reduced postoperative complications in high-risk patients from our cases. Our results indicate that a preoperative training program may improve postoperative clinical outcomes in fraillung cancer patients with impaired lung function prior to surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Salvi
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilernando Meoli
- Unit of Pneumology, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cennamo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Cerqua
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Montesano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Curcio
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy Phone:+390815665228, , E-mail:
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20
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Guarino C, Mazzarella G, De Rosa N, Cesaro C, La Cerra G, Grella E, Perrotta F, Curcio C, Guerra G, Bianco A. Pre-surgical bronchoscopic treatment for typical endobronchial carcinoids. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Perrotta F, Cerqua FS, Cammarata A, Izzo A, Bergaminelli C, Curcio C, Guarino C, Grella E, Forzano I, Cennamo A, Tafuri D, Rocca A, Bianco A, Mazzarella G. Integrated therapeutic approach to giant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: report of a case and review of the literature. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:220-225. [PMID: 28352798 PMCID: PMC5329829 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrous tumors of the pleura are rare primary tumors, accounting for 5% of malignant pleural neoplasms, which generally originate from sub-mesothelial mesenchymal tissue of the visceral pleura. These tumours generally exhibit clinical benign behavior although 12% of solitary fibrous tumors can be malignant and have worse outcomes. These tumors are considered “giant” when the lesion > 15 cm. Surgical treatment is the best choice for both benign and malignant neoplasms. We retrospectively analyzed the main case series of giant fibrous tumors of the pleura. In addition we report our experience of a 76-year-old woman treated by pre-surgical embolization involving implantation of vascular plugs. Surgery was successfully carried out without complications; imaging and functional assessment 6 months post intervention demonstrated both the absence of recurrence and improvement of lung function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardiotho-racic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Cerqua
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Cammarata
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Izzo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Curcio
- A.O. dei Colli - Hosp. Monaldi - Thoracic Surgery Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- A.O. dei Colli - Hosp. Monaldi - Bronchology Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Imma Forzano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cennamo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
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22
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Izzo A, Perrotta F, Cennamo A, Cerqua FS, Rinaldi L, Mazzella A, Grella E, Tranfa C, Bianco A, Stefanelli F, Mazzarella G. Spirometry in elderly laryngectomized patients: A feasibility study. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S4-8. [PMID: 27255127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer is the second most common respiratory neoplasm after lung cancer. Laryngectomy is a well established treatment for larynx cancers which involve relevant anatomic alterations. Spirometry is an essential investigation tool for diagnosis and severity of respiratory diseases, difficult to perform in laryngectomees. METHODS 43 consecutive laryngectomized patients were enrolled from July 2014 to March 2015. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria underwent spirometry at baseline assessment and after two days. During the examination, the spirometer was placed directly on the stoma of the patient, through mouthpiece "Spirometry Filter 74". RESULTS At baseline, 26 eligible laryngectomees correctly performed the spirometry test with mouthpiece adhering to the stoma; 4 patients refused to perform the second spirometry after 2 days. The feasibility of spirometry examination in these patients was 100% despite difficulties in the execution of the test. The Pearson coefficient of reproducibility for FEV1, FVC and Tiffeneau Index was, respectively, 0.98, 0.94 and 0.77. DISCUSSION Spirometry in laryngectomee patients is a feasible procedure for assessment of respiratory function; despite technical difficulties in the execution of the test, our results underline the reproducibility and repeatability of the spirometry. In conclusion, when performed within dedicated respiratory pathophysiology unit, spirometry is a reliable tool in the assessment and follow up of laryngectomees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Izzo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cennamo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saverio Cerqua
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Mazzella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, A.O. Dei Colli Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmelindo Tranfa
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Zou Y, Jin C, Su Y, Li J, Zhu B. Water soluble and insoluble components of urban PM2.5 and their cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells (A549) in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:627-635. [PMID: 27039898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
When PM2.5 enters human bodies, the water soluble (WS-PM2.5) and insoluble components (WIS-PM2.5) of PM2.5 would interact with cells and cause adverse effects. However, the knowledge about the individual toxicity contribution of these two components is limited. In this study, the physiochemical properties of PM2.5 were well characterized. The toxic effects of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5, which include the cell viability, cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and morphological changes, were examined with human lung epithelial A549 cells in vitro. The results indicated that WS-PM2.5 could induce the early response of ROS generation, multiplied mitochondria and multi-lamellar bodies in A549 cells, which might cause cell damage through oxidative stress. Meanwhile, WIS-PM2.5 was predominantly associated with the cell membrane disruption, which might lead to the cell damage through cell-particle interactions. Moreover, the synergistic cytotoxic effects of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5 were observed at longer exposure time. These findings demonstrate the different cytotoxicity mechanisms of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5, which suggest that not only the size and dosage of PM2.5 but also the solubility of PM2.5 should be taken into consideration when evaluating the toxicity of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zou
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengyu Jin
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bangshang Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Zhou Q, Wang L, Cao Z, Zhou X, Yang F, Fu P, Wang Z, Hu J, Ding L, Jiang W. Dispersion of atmospheric fine particulate matters in simulated lung fluid and their effects on model cell membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:36-43. [PMID: 26519565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected to investigate its dispersion in simulated lung fluid (SLF) and its interaction with model cell membranes. Organic acids, NH4(+), SO4(2-) and NO3(-) were detected in PM2.5 soluble fraction, and heavy metals were detected from the total mass. The insoluble fraction contained kaolinite, CaCO3, aliphatic carbons, aromatic rings, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups reflected by the infrared spectra. Proteins dispersed PM2.5 in SLF, resulted in smaller hydrodynamic diameter (dH) and slower sedimentation rate. Conversely, phospholipids increased dH value and accelerated sedimentation rate. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) were used as model cell membranes. PM2.5 adhered on and disrupted the membrane containing positively-charged lipids but not the membrane containing neutrally- and negatively-charged lipids, which was monitored by microscopy and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The cationic sites on membrane were necessary for PM2.5 adhesion, but membrane should be disrupted by the combined action of electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds between PM2.5 oxygen containing groups and the lipid phosphate groups. Our results specified the roles of proteins and phospholipids in PM2.5 dispersion and transport, highly suggested that the health hazard of PM2.5 was related to the biomolecules in the lung fluid and the particle surface groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaoyu Cao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Masiello R, Iadevaia C, Grella E, Tranfa C, Cerqua F, Rossi G, Santoro G, Amato B, Rocca A, De Dona R, Lavoretano S, Perrotta F. A case of Multiple Unilateral Pulmonary arteriovenous Malformation Relapse: Efficacy of embolization treatment. Open Med (Wars) 2015; 10:513-518. [PMID: 28352746 PMCID: PMC5368875 DOI: 10.1515/med-2015-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arteriovenous Malformations (PAVMs) are a rare vascular alteration characterized by abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and veins resulting in an extracardiac right-to-left (R-L) shunt. The majority of PAVMs are associated with an autosomal dominant vascular disorder also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome. PAVMs appearance can be both single and multiple. Clinical manifestations include hypoxemia, dyspnea cyanosis, hemoptysis and cerebrovascular ischemic events or abscesses. We report a case of an 18 year old female with severe respiratory failure caused by a relapse of multiple unilateral pulmonary arterovenous fistula. Symptoms at admission include dyspnea, cyanosis and clubbing. The patient underwent pulmonary angio-TC scan, brain CT and echocardiography. The thoracic angio-CT scan showed the presence of PAVMs of RUL and RLL; a marked increase of right bronchial artery caliber and its branches with an aneurismatic dilatation was also observed. The patient underwent percutaneous transcatheter embolization using Amplatzer Vascular Plug IV; a relevant clinical and functional improvement was subsequently recorded. Embolization is effective in the treatment of relapsing PAVMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Masiello
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Iadevaia
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelindo Tranfa
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerqua
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- U.O.C. Radiology A.O.R.N dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Roberta De Dona
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lavoretano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Bari MA, Kindzierski WB, Wallace LA, Wheeler AJ, MacNeill M, Héroux MÈ. Indoor and Outdoor Levels and Sources of Submicron Particles (PM1) at Homes in Edmonton, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6419-29. [PMID: 26000896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to submicron particles (PM1) is of interest due to their possible chronic and acute health effects. Seven consecutive 24-h PM1 samples were collected during winter and summer 2010 in a total of 74 nonsmoking homes in Edmonton, Canada. Median winter concentrations of PM1 were 2.2 μg/m(3) (interquartile range, IQR = 0.8-6.1 μg/m(3)) and 3.3 μg/m(3) (IQR = 1.5-6.9 μg/m(3)) for indoors and outdoors, respectively. In the summer, indoor (median 4.4 μg/m(3), IQR = 2.4-8.6 μg/m(3)) and outdoor (median 4.3 μg/m(3), IQR = 2.6-7.4 μg/m(3)) levels were similar. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion indoor and outdoor sources of elements in PM1 mass. Nine sources contributing to both indoor and outdoor PM1 concentrations were identified including secondary sulfate, soil, biomass smoke and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), traffic, settled and mixed dust, coal combustion, road salt/road dust, and urban mixture. Three additional indoor sources were identified i.e., carpet dust, copper-rich, and silver-rich. Secondary sulfate, soil, biomass smoke and ETS contributed more than 70% (indoors: 0.29 μg/m(3), outdoors: 0.39 μg/m(3)) of measured elemental mass in PM1. These findings can aid understanding of relationships between submicron particles and health outcomes for indoor/outdoor sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aynul Bari
- †School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Warren B Kindzierski
- †School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Lance A Wallace
- ‡Consultant, 428 Woodley Way, Santa Rosa, California 95409, United States
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- §Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Morgan MacNeill
- §Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Héroux
- §Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
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De Simone G, Aquino G, Di Gioia C, Mazzarella G, Bianco A, Calcagno G. Efficacy of aerobic physical retraining in a case of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2015; 9:85. [PMID: 25928714 PMCID: PMC4422471 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema has recently been recognized as a syndrome but remains under-diagnosed. Neither clinical management nor therapeutic approaches have been clearly defined. Pulmonary rehabilitation has not been considered within the therapeutic options for combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. In this case we explored the potential benefits of a specific aerobic physical retraining program in the management of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian man with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and respiratory failure who was receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Our patient underwent physical retraining with moderate intensity aerobic and breathing exercises for four weeks. Clinical and motor tests, as well as questionnaires assessing quality of life and depression levels, were performed prior to and following the retraining. At the end of the retraining program a relevant reduction of long-term oxygen therapy requirement was registered; improvements in terms of physical performance, quality of life, and mood were observed in our patient but no change in respiratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS A program of aerobic physical retraining appears to be beneficial to patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and may be considered as an additional therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Simone
- Institute of Rehabilitation "Villa Margherita Benevento", Unit of Cardiology and Pneumology, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Aquino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Claudio Di Gioia
- Institute of Rehabilitation "Villa Margherita Benevento", Unit of Cardiology and Pneumology, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Gandhi VD, Vliagoftis H. Airway epithelium interactions with aeroallergens: role of secreted cytokines and chemokines in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:147. [PMID: 25883597 PMCID: PMC4382984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against the constituents of the inhaled air, which include allergens, pathogens, pollutants, and toxic compounds. The epithelium not only prevents the penetration of these foreign substances into the interstitium, but also senses their presence and informs the organism’s immune system of the impending assault. The epithelium accomplishes the latter through the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate innate immune cells at the site of assault. These epithelial responses aim to eliminate the inhaled foreign substances and minimize their detrimental effects to the organism. Quite frequently, however, the innate immune responses of the epithelium to inhaled substances lead to chronic and high level release of pro-inflammatory mediators that may mediate the lung pathology seen in asthma. The interactions of airway epithelial cells with allergens will be discussed with particular focus on interactions-mediated epithelial release of cytokines and chemokines and their role in the immune response. As pollutants are other major constituents of inhaled air, we will also discuss how pollutants may alter the responses of airway epithelial cells to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek D Gandhi
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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Esquivel-Gaon M, Anguissola S, Garry D, Gallegos-Melgar ADC, Saldaña JM, Dawson KA, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Del Razo LM. Bismuth-based nanoparticles as the environmentally friendly replacement for lead-based piezoelectrics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BNT-BT is suitable non-toxic candidate to replace lead-based PZT, as they avoid leaching, imposing less risk during occupational and environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Esquivel-Gaon
- Departamento de Toxicología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)
- Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional No. 2508
- Mexico Distrito Federal
- Mexico
| | - Sergio Anguissola
- Centre for Bionano Interactions
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - David Garry
- Centre for Bionano Interactions
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | | | - Juan Muñoz Saldaña
- Unidad Querétaro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)
- Queretaro
- Mexico
| | - Kenneth A. Dawson
- Centre for Bionano Interactions
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Departamento de Toxicología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)
- Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional No. 2508
- Mexico Distrito Federal
- Mexico
| | - Luz M. Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)
- Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional No. 2508
- Mexico Distrito Federal
- Mexico
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Mazzarella G, Iadevaia C, Guerra G, Rocca A, Corcione N, Rossi G, Amore D, Brunese L, Bianco A. Intralobar pulmonary sequestration in an adult female patient mimicking asthma: a case report. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 2:S73-S77. [PMID: 25159547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital broncho-pulmonary malformation. The main feature of this disease is that partial lung tissues separate from the main lung during the embryonic period, receiving blood supply from systemic circulation arteries. Pathogenesis of PS is not clear, and categorized into congenital and acquired PS. We report a case of a 38 year old woman smoker with medical history characterized by difficult to treat asthma with frequent exacerbations and infections since childhood. CT scan showed a partial PS of left lower lobe, supplied by an abnormal artery arising from supradiaphragmatic aortic diverticulum. Surgical treatment through a lung sequestrectomy and laterobasal segment resection was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Iadevaia
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Nadia Corcione
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dario Amore
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Brunese
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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New insight into adiponectin role in obesity and obesity-related diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:658913. [PMID: 25110685 PMCID: PMC4109424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/658913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem strongly increasing the risk for various severe related complications such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces biologically active molecules defined “adipocytokines,” protein hormones with pleiotropic functions involved in the regulation of energy metabolism as well as in appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell proliferation, and so forth. In obesity, fat accumulation causes dysregulation of adipokine production that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related diseases. Several advances have been made in the treatment and prevention of obesity but current medical therapies are often unsuccessful even in compliant patients. Among the adipokines, adiponectin shows protective activity in various processes such as energy metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the protective properties of adiponectin and its receptors, AdipoRs (“adiponectin system”), on metabolic complications in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin, exhibiting antihyperglycemic, antiatherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, could have important clinical benefits in terms of development of therapies for the prevention and/or for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Ripabelli G, Tamburro M, Sammarco ML, de Laurentiis G, Bianco A. Asthma prevalence and risk factors among children and adolescents living around an industrial area: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1038. [PMID: 24188412 PMCID: PMC4228310 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exposure to air pollution has negative effects on human health, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases, such as asthma. Few data are yet available on the epidemiology of childhood asthma in some areas of Italy. The aim of the study was to estimate asthma prevalence and related risk factors in children and adolescents residents around the industrial area of Termoli, Molise region, Central-South Italy. Methods Prevalence was assessed through the administration of modified ISAAC questionnaires filled out by parents of 89 children and adolescents for the identification of confirmed and probable cases, and by analyzing pediatricians’ databases on drug prescriptions for symptoms control and treatment of assisted population in the study area (n = 1,004), compared to a control area (n = 920) with lower industrialization. The association of asthma with risk factors was evaluated by univariate (Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test) and regression logistic analysis. Results A total of 22 (24.7%) asthmatics were identified, including both confirmed (n = 7; 7.9%) and probable cases (n = 15; 16.8%), most of them (n = 17; 77.3%) resident of Termoli town. All asthma cases were georeferenced based on the residence, however clusters were not found. Using drug prescriptions analysis, a higher prevalence (n = 138; 13.7%) of diagnosed cases was found. Lifetime history of both atopic dermatitis and bronchitis were significantly relateds to asthma cases, as well as an elevated body mass index, whose association is consistent with prevalence data of overweight/obese children living in the study area. Moreover, being resident of the town of Termoli was associated to the occurrence of cases. Conclusions Although our data indicated a prevalence concordance with previous national studies in pediatric population, a definitive correlation with environmental industrial factors present in the study area was not established. However, asthma outcome was significantly associated to individuals living in the town of Termoli that, despite the industrial/manufacturing activities, is also subjected to a higher environmental pressure due to the presence of toll road, state highway, railroad, and seaport which may cause air pollution from motor vehicle traffic and increase asthma induction. This study provides hitherto unavailable data on asthma in childhood population living in an industrialized area which was never investigated before, could be part of a systematic review or meta-analysis procedure, might suggest significant findings for larger observational studies, and contribute to complete the frame of disease epidemiology in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Chair of Hygiene, Department of Medicine and of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso, 86100, Italy.
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Bianco A, Mazzarella G, Turchiarelli V, Nigro E, Corbi G, Scudiero O, Sofia M, Daniele A. Adiponectin: an attractive marker for metabolic disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Nutrients 2013; 5:4115-25. [PMID: 24128974 PMCID: PMC3820062 DOI: 10.3390/nu5104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease which may be complicated by development of co-morbidities including metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders commonly associated with this disease contribute to lung function impairment and mortality. Systemic inflammation appears to be a major factor linking COPD to metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue seems to interfere with systemic inflammation in COPD patients by producing a large number of proteins, known as “adipokines”, involved in various processes such as metabolism, immunity and inflammation. There is evidence that adiponectin is an important modulator of inflammatory processes implicated in airway pathophysiology. Increased serum levels of adiponectin and expression of its receptors on lung tissues of COPD patients have recently highlighted the importance of the adiponectin pathway in this disease. Further, in vitro studies have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity for this adipokine at the level of lung epithelium. This review focuses on mechanisms by which adiponectin is implicated in linking COPD with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0874-409-263; Fax: +39-0874-404-752
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Viviana Turchiarelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS–Fondazione SDN, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Matteo Sofia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AO Monaldi, University of Naples Federico II, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS–Fondazione SDN, Naples 80131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy
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Potential mechanisms linking atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk in COPD: focus on Sirtuins. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12696-713. [PMID: 23774840 PMCID: PMC3709808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis is a multi-step process, at least in part controlled by the vascular endothelium function. Observations in humans and experimental models of atherosclerosis have identified monocyte recruitment as an early event in atherogenesis. Chronic inflammation is associated with ageing and its related diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Recently it has been discovered that Sirtuins (NAD+-dependent deacetylases) represent a pivotal regulator of longevity and health. They appear to have a prominent role in vascular biology and regulate aspects of age-dependent atherosclerosis. Many studies demonstrate that SIRT1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vitro (e.g., fatty acid-induced inflammation), in vivo (e.g., atherosclerosis, sustainment of normal immune function in knock-out mice) and in clinical studies (e.g., patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Because of a significant reduction of SIRT1 in rodent lungs exposed to cigarette smoke and in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), activation of SIRT1 may be a potential target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy. We review the inflammatory mechanisms involved in COPD-CVD coexistence and the potential role of SIRT1 in the regulation of these systems.
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Nigro E, Scudiero O, Sarnataro D, Mazzarella G, Sofia M, Bianco A, Daniele A. Adiponectin affects lung epithelial A549 cell viability counteracting TNFα and IL-1ß toxicity through AdipoR1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1145-53. [PMID: 23500159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) exerts protective functions on metabolic and cellular processes as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation by two widely expressed receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To date, the biological role of Acrp30 in lung has not been completely assessed but altered levels of Acrp30 and modulated expression of both AdipoRs have been related to establishment and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of Acrp30 on A549, a human alveolar epithelial cell line, showing how, in a time and dose-dependent manner, it decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis through ERK1/2 and AKT. Furthermore, we examined the effects of Acrp30 on A549 cells exposed to TNFα and/or IL-1ß, two potent lung inflammatory cytokines. We showed that Acrp30, in dose- and time-dependent manner, reduces cytotoxic effects of TNFα and/or IL-1ß improving cell viability and decreasing apoptosis. In addition, Acrp30 inhibits NF-κB nuclear trans-activation and induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine without modifying that of pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 molecules via ERK1/2 and AKT. Finally, specifically silencing AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, we observed that NF-κB inhibition is mainly mediated by AdipoR1. Taken together, our data provides novel evidence for a direct effect of Acrp30 on the proliferation and inflammation status of A549 cells strongly supporting the hypothesis for a protective role of Acrp30 in lung. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the Acrp30 lung effects in vivo but our results confirm this adipokine as a promising therapeutic target in lung diseases.
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