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Xian Z, Guo F, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wu H, Dai J, Zhang X, Chen Y. Plant-microbe involvement: How manganese achieves harmonious nitrogen-removal and carbon-reduction in constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130794. [PMID: 38703966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Carbon deficits in inflow frequently lead to inefficient nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) treating tailwater. Solid carbon sources, commonly employed to enhance denitrification in CWs, increase carbon emissions. In this study, MnO2 was incorporated into polycaprolactone substrates within CWs, significantly enhancing NH4+-N and NO3--N removal efficiencies by 48.26-59.78 % and 96.84-137.23 %, respectively. These improvements were attributed to enriched nitrogen-removal-related enzymes and increased plant absorption. Under high nitrogen loads (9.55 ± 0.34 g/m3/d), emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) decreased by 147.23-202.51 %, 14.53-86.76 %, and 63.36-87.36 %, respectively. N2O emissions were reduced through bolstered microbial nitrogen removal pathways by polycaprolactone and MnO2. CH4 accumulation was mitigated by the increased methanotrophs and dampened methanogenesis, modulated by manganese. Additionally, manganese-induced increases in photosynthetic pigment contents (21.28-64.65 %) fostered CO2 sequestration through plant photosynthesis. This research provides innovative perspectives on enhancing nitrogen removal and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands with polymeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Chongqing Water & Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Yichu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Zihang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Zhang X, Wang R, Wang H, Xu Z, Feng C, Zhao F. CH 4 control and nitrogen removal from constructed wetlands by plant combination. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141898. [PMID: 38579951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Global warming trend is accelerating. This study proposes a green and economical methane (CH4) control strategy by plant combination in constructed wetlands (CWs). In this study, a single planting of Acorus calamus L. hybrid constructed wetland (HCW-A) and a mixed planting of Acorus calamus L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms hybrid constructed wetland (HCW-EA) were constructed. The differences in nitrogen removal performance and CH4 emissions between HCW-A and HCW-EA were compared and analyzed. The findings indicated that HCW-EA demonstrated significant improvements over HCW-A, with NH4+-N and TN removal rates increasing by 21.61% and 16.38% respectively, and CH4 emissions decreased by 43.36%. The microbiological analysis results showed that plant combination promoted the enrichment of Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Bacillus. More nitrifying bacteria carrying nxrA genes and denitrifying bacteria carrying nirK genes accelerated the nitrogen transformation process. In addition, the absolute abundance ratio of pmoA/mcrA increased, reducing the release of CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Rongzhen Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hongxiu Wang
- Inspur General Software Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Chengye Feng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Fangxing Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Li Z, Kong L, Hu L, Wei J, Zhang X, Guo W, Shi W. Greenhouse gas emissions from constructed wetlands: A bibliometric analysis and mini-review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167582. [PMID: 37797756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely applied in wastewater treatment; however, the degradation of organic pollutants within CWs leads to substantial emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Under the low-carbon economy, GHG emissions have emerged as a major concern, and have been intensively studied in the CW field. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric review using CiteSpace and a global-scale analysis of GHG emission levels based on 286 records and proposed potential approaches for the future control of GHG emissions in CWs. We found that the research has generally evolved through three stages over the past 15 years: GHG emission level assessment (2007-2010), mechanisms (2011-2016), and control (2017-2022). The type of CWs is closely related to GHG emissions, with free water surface CWs emitting higher levels of methane and vertical subsurface flow CWs emitting higher levels of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. By optimizing CW operation, it is conceivable to synergistically reduce GHG emissions while enhancing pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Hu S, Zhu H, Bañuelos G, Shutes B, Wang X, Hou S, Yan B. Factors Influencing Gaseous Emissions in Constructed Wetlands: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3876. [PMID: 36900888 PMCID: PMC10001287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release considerable quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia (NH3), and other atmospheric pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc., which will aggravate global warming, degrade air quality and even threaten human health. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of factors affecting the emission of these gases in CWs. In this study, we applied meta-analysis to quantitatively review the main influencing factors of GHG emission from CWs; meanwhile, the emissions of NH3, VOCs, and H2S were qualitatively assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs emit less CH4 and N2O than free water surface flow (FWS) CWs. The addition of biochar can mitigate N2O emission compared to gravel-based CWs but has the risk of increasing CH4 emission. Polyculture CWs stimulate CH4 emission but pose no influence on N2O emission compared to monoculture CWs. The influent wastewater characteristics (e.g., C/N ratio, salinity) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) can also impact GHG emission. The NH3 volatilization from CWs is positively related to the influent nitrogen concentration and pH value. High plant species richness tends to reduce NH3 volatilization and plant composition showed greater effects than species richness. Though VOCs and H2S emissions from CWs do not always occur, it should be a concern when using CWs to treat wastewater containing hydrocarbon and acid. This study provides solid references for simultaneously achieving pollutant removal and reducing gaseous emission from CWs, which avoids the transformation of water pollution into air contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Jiang BN, Lu MB, Zhang ZY, Xie BL, Song HL. Quantifying biochar-induced greenhouse gases emission reduction effects in constructed wetlands and its heterogeneity: A multi-level meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158688. [PMID: 36108836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zero-waste biochar is an emerging tool for carbon neutralization, but the role of biochar in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from CWs were controversy and uncertainty. Yet, no previous study has integrated multiple research systems to quantitatively examine biochar-mediated GHGs emission reduction potential in CWs. Here we synthesized 114 studies to quantify biochar-induced declines ability of GHGs in the CWs by using the multi-level meta-analysis, reveal the variation of GHGs emission effect in different biochar-CWs and its response relationship with biochar, and identify the moderating variables that had a strong explanatory effect on the emission reduction effect of biochar. We showed that biochar remarkably affect CO2 mitigation (p < 0.05), but has insignificant and heterogeneous effects on CH4 and N2O. Pyrolysis time, influent dissolved oxygen (DO), influent NO3--N concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and wetland type can significantly affect the effect of biochar on CH4 emission reduction. Particularly, the importance of HRT and wetland type was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. Specially, the surface batch CWs modified by biochar could significantly promote the emission of CH4 (p < 0.001), and the effect size was up to 89.59. For N2O, biochar diameter, biochar addition ratio, influent COD/TN ratio, plant name, and removal efficiency of NO3--N/TN/COD were significant moderators. Among them, influent COD/TN ratio and plant name showed a stronger explanation. Planting Cyperus alternifolius L. significantly enhanced the N2O emission reduction capacity by biochar (p < 0.001), and effect size was as low as -24.32. 700-900 °C biochar can promote CH4 flux but inhibit N2O flux. This study provides an important theoretical basis and valuable strategic guidance for more accurate estimation and improvement of synergistic emission reduction benefits between CH4 and N2O of biochar in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Ni Jiang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Min-Bo Lu
- CCDI(Suzhou) Exploration & Design Consultant Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Bo-Lun Xie
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hai-Liang Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Elhaj Baddar Z, Xu X. Evaluation of changes in the microbial community structure in the sediments of a constructed wetland over the years. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:552. [PMID: 35953591 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the results of the long term (2007-2014) monitoring of the microbial community structure in the surface sediments of the H-02 constructed wetland system, which was built on the Savannah River Site in Aiken, SC, USA, to treat the waste water generated at the Tritium facility. Microbial community structure provides valuable information about the functioning of constructed wetlands and helps understand the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and contaminants. Phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and qPCR were used to identify major bacterial phyla in the sediments. The physiochemical properties of the sediments were also used to deduce potential effects on the microbial community structure over the years. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the most dominant bacterial groups, and their prevalence was progressively increasing throughout the years most likely on the account of methane producers. Concentrations of trace metals (copper and zinc) were negatively associated with methane producers and oxidizer while positively correlated with SRB. Overall, the H-02 wetland system was efficient in immobilizing copper and zinc through the anaerobic respiration of sulfate by SRB and minimizing methane emission through the progressive elimination of methane producers by SRB and Geobacter. The aim of this study was to monitor the changes in the microbial community structure in the surface sediments of a constructed wetland during the first 7 years of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinah Elhaj Baddar
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
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Kim DY, Shinde SK, Kadam AA, Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Kumar M, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Ghodake GS. Advantage of Species Diversification to Facilitate Sustainable Development of Aquaculture Sector. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:368. [PMID: 35336742 PMCID: PMC8945328 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intensified agrochemical-based monoculture systems worldwide are under adoption to meet the challenge of human population growth and the ever-growing global demand for food. However, this path has been opposed and criticized because it involves overexploitation of land, monoculture of few species, excessive input of agrochemicals, and adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The wide diversity among polyculture systems practiced across the globe has created confusion over the priority of a single strategy towards sustainable aquaculture development and safer products. Herein, we highlight the significance of polyculture and integrated aquaculture practices in conveying the successful transition of the aquaculture industry towards sustainable development. So far, the established thought is that the precise selection of aquatic species and a focus on compatible and complementary species combinations are supposed to facilitate rapid progress in food production with more profitability and sustainability. Therefore, the advantages of species diversification are discussed from an ecological perspective to enforce aquaculture expansion. This account asserts that a diverse range of aquaculture practices can promote synergies among farmed species, enhance system resilience, enable conservation, decrease ecological footprints, and provide social benefits such as diversified income and local food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Surendra Krushna Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Avinash Ashok Kadam
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.A.K.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.A.K.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (S.K.S.)
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Flores L, Garfí M, Pena R, García J. Promotion of full-scale constructed wetlands in the wine sector: Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions with activated sludge systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145326. [PMID: 33736369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify and compare greenhouse gas (GHG) (i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4)) emissions from two full-scale winery wastewater and sludge treatment systems (i.e. constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge system) located in Galicia (Spain). GHG fluxes were measured using the static chamber method in combination with an on-site Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) gas analyser in the CWs system. These on-site innovative techniques proved to be very accurate and reliable. In the activated sludge treatment systems, the floating chamber method in combination with the FTIR gas analyser was used. Measurements were carried out during the vintage season, when winery wastewater has the highest flow and loads, and the rest of the year. Emission rates of CO2, N2O and CH4 in the CWs units (i.e. vertical flow, horizontal subsurface flow and sludge treatment wetlands) ranged from 1.35E+02 to 7.54E+04, 1.70E-01 to 3.09E+01 and - 3.05E+01 to 1.79E+03 mg m-2 day-1, respectively. In the case of the activated sludge units (i.e. reactor, secondary settler and sludge storage tank) emission rates of CO2, N2O and CH4 ranged from 1.56E+04 to 1.43E+05, 1.13E+01 to 4.75E+01 and 2.52E+01 to 1.01E+03 mg m-2 day-1, respectively. Seasonally, daily and instantaneous variability in emissions as well as spatial variability was found. Comparing CWs with the activated sludge system, surface emission rates were lower in the CWs system in both seasons considered. Results highlighted that CWs are suitable technologies that can help to reduce GHG emissions associated with winery wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flores
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Garfí
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Pena
- Aimen, Polígono Industrial de Cataboi SUR-PPI-2 (Sector) 2, Parcela 3, 36418 O Porriño, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Salimi S, Almuktar SAAAN, Scholz M. Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112160. [PMID: 33611067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Salimi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation.
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10
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González T, Puigagut J, Vidal G. Organic matter removal and nitrogen transformation by a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system with simultaneous bioelectricity generation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142075. [PMID: 33207444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells integrated into constructed wetlands have been previously studied. Nevertheless, their application as a suitable treatment for wastewater is still in the developmental stage. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate organic matter removal and nitrogen transformation by a microbial fuel cell integrated into a constructed wetland (CWMFC). To accomplish this, three experimental systems were operated under batch-mode conditions over 170 days: i) one was planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (P-CWMFC); ii) another was unplanted (NP-CWMFC); and iii) the third system did not have any electrodes (CW) and was used as a control. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency ranged between 74-87%, 69-81% and 62-72% for the P-CWMFC, NP-CWMFC and CW systems, respectively, with organic loading rates (OLR) ranging from 4.8 to 7.9 g COD/m2 d. NH4+-N removal efficiency exceeded 98%, 90% and 83% for P-CWMFC, NP-CWMFC and CW, respectively. Wastewater treatment performance was improved due to anaerobic oxidation that occurred on the anodes. Organic matter removal was 18% higher in closed-circuit mode than in open-circuit mode in both integrated systems (P-CWMFC and NP-CWMFC), and these differences were significant (p < 0.05). With respect to the performance of microbial fuel cells, the maximum power density (8.6 mW/m2) was achieved at an organic loading rate of 7.9 g COD/m2 d with an internal resistance and coulombic efficiency of 251 Ω and 2.4%, respectively. The results obtained in this work can provide positive impacts on CW development by enhancing anaerobic degradation without forced aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís González
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology (GEMMA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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11
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Xue R, Liu X, Fu X, Luo H, Zhang K, Anderson BC, Li M, Huang B, Yu L, Li X, Fu S, Pu A, Fan L, Chen W. Characteristics of methane emissions in the Living Water Garden in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2017. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39531-39546. [PMID: 32651787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CH4 flux measured by a portable chamber using an infrared analyzer was compared with the flux by static chamber measurement for CW at 13 different sites from May 2012 to May 2017 in the Living Water Garden (LWG) in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, over 4 timescales (daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual). During the measurement period, a total of 1443 data were collected. CH4 fluxes were measured using the portable chamber method and the results showed that the annual mean and median CH4 flux values in the LWG were 17.4 mg m-2 h-1 and 6.2 mg m-2 h-1, respectively, ranging from - 19.7 to 98.0 mg m-2 h-1. Cumulative CH4 emissions for LWG ranged from - 0.17 to 0.86 kg m-2 year-1. Global warming potential (GWP, 25.7 kg CO2eq m-2 year-1) was at a high level, which means that the LWG was a source of CH4 emissions. Significant temporal variations on the 4 timescales were observed. And the asymmetry of measurement uncertainty of CH4 flux increases with the timescale. Although the total mean CH4 flux measured by the portable chamber method was 42.1% lower than that of the static chamber method, the temporal variation trends of CH4 flux were similar. The uncertainty of CH4 flux measured in portable chamber was more symmetrical than that in static chamber. These results suggest that the portable chamber method has considerable value as a long-term measurement method for CH4 flux temporal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xue
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Information Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Yangma Town, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Dujiangyan Campus Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Dujiangyan Campus Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shuzhi Fu
- Dujiangyan Campus Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Aiping Pu
- Southwest Investment & Development Company Co., Ltd., CSCEC 7th Division, Chengdu, 610095, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China
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12
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Brisson J, Rodriguez M, Martin CA, Proulx R. Plant diversity effect on water quality in wetlands: a meta-analysis based on experimental systems. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02074. [PMID: 31965659 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ecological literature reports little empirical evidence from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments in wetland systems, even though wetlands are widely known for their water filtering capacity. Experiments comparing the effect of plant monocultures and mixtures on water quality to improve pollutant removal efficiency in treatment wetlands share the characteristics of classical BEF experiments, and so could provide insights for wetland management. To add to our understanding of BEF relationships in wetlands, we evaluated plant diversity effects on water purification through a meta-analysis of freshwater experimental wetlands comparing monocultures to mixtures. We found 28 studies that matched our criteria for BEF analysis, for a total of 561 diversity effects on pollutant removal. Overall, the meta-analysis shows no significant effect of plant richness on removal of total suspended solids, but a positive effect on chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal, and a marginal effect on phosphorus removal. Thus, the results of this meta-analysis are consistent with reports of an overall positive biodiversity effect on ecosystem properties. An analysis of moderator variables shows that the experimental context (size of the experimental units, nutrient load, duration of the experiment) does not explain much of the residual variance. For pollutants that benefit from a positive plant richness effects on removal, mixtures do not perform better than the best monoculture. We found no evidence that plant richness effects are due to functional complementarity among species rather than to the presence of particularly efficient species. Complementarity effects may be less prevalent in highly productive, nutrient-rich wetlands, compared to nutrient-limited environments such as natural grasslands. Although findings must be confirmed by long-term field experiments under natural conditions, result from experimental wetland systems may contribute to a better understanding of biodiversity effect on ecosystem functions in wetlands, in addition to guide practices in natural wetland restoration and the use of constructed wetlands for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Brisson
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mariana Rodriguez
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Intégrité Écologique, Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Charles A Martin
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Intégrité Écologique, Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Intégrité Écologique, Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, G9A 5H7, Canada
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13
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Zhang K, Wu X, Luo H, Li X, Chen W, Chen J, Mo Y, Wang W. CH 4 control and associated microbial process from constructed wetland (CW) by microbial fuel cells (MFC). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110071. [PMID: 32090814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is becoming more severe. We here proposed an innovative green technique aimed at reducing the CH4 emissions from constructed wetlands (CWs) in which CH4 is controlled by microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The results of our work indicated that CH4 emissions from CWs could be controlled by operating MFC. The CH4 fluxes significantly decreased in the MFC-CW (close circuit CC) compared with the control MFC-CW (open circuit OC). The bioelectricity generation and COD removal rates also differed in the two systems. The highest power density (0.27 W m-3) and the lowest CH4 emissions (4.7 mg m-2 h-1) were observed in the CC system. The plants' effects on the performance of the MFC-CWs were also investigated. The plant species had a profound impact on the CH4 emissions and electricity production in MFC-CWs. The greatest CH4 flux (9.5 mg m-2 h-1) was observed from the MFC-CW planted with Typha orientalis, while the CH4 emissions from the MFC-CW planted with Cyperus alternifolius were reduced by 45%. Additional microbial processes were investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) analysis indicated that the gene abundance of eubacterial 16 S rRNA, particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA), and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) significantly differed for the control CW and MFC-CWs planted with different plants. In the CC systems, the mcrA genes in the anode were low, while the pmoA genes in the cathode were high. The operation of MFCs in CWs changed the exoelectrogenic and methanogenic community structures. Sequencing analysis indicated that phylotypes related to Geobacter, Bacteroides, and Desulfovibrio were specifically enriched in the CC systems. The results demonstrated that the operation of MFCs in the CWs resulted in the competition between the electrogenes and methanogenes, which resulted in distinctive microbial populations and biochemical processes that suppressed the CH4 emissions from the CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China; College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, PR China.
| | - Xiangling Wu
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, PR China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, PR China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, PR China
| | - You Mo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
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14
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Diversity of active root-associated methanotrophs of three emergent plants in a eutrophic wetland in northern China. AMB Express 2020; 10:48. [PMID: 32170424 PMCID: PMC7070141 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-associated aerobic methanotrophs play an important role in regulating methane emissions from the wetlands. However, the influences of the plant genotype on root-associated methanotrophic structures, especially on active flora, remain poorly understood. Transcription of the pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of mRNA isolated from root samples of three emergent macrophytes, including Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Schoenoplectus triqueter (syn. Scirpus triqueter L.) from a eutrophic wetland. High-throughput sequencing of pmoA based on DNA and cDNA was used to analyze the methanotrophic community. Sequencing of cDNA pmoA amplicons confirmed that the structure of active methanotrophic was not always consistent with DNA. A type I methanotroph, Methylomonas, was the most active group in P. australis, whereas Methylocystis, a type II methanotroph, was the dominant group in S. triqueter. In T. angustifolia, these two types of methanotroph existed in similar proportions. However, at the DNA level, Methylomonas was predominant in the roots of all three plants. In addition, vegetation type could have a profound impact on root-associated methanotrophic community at both DNA and cDNA levels. These results indicate that members of the genera Methylomonas (type I) and Methylocystis (type II) can significantly contribute to aerobic methane oxidation in a eutrophic wetland.
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15
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Chen X, Zhu H, Yan B, Shutes B, Xing D, Banuelos G, Cheng R, Wang X. Greenhouse gas emissions and wastewater treatment performance by three plant species in subsurface flow constructed wetland mesocosms. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124795. [PMID: 31520977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from constructed wetlands (CWs) have raised environmental concern and thus offset their environmental and ecological benefits. This study evaluated the influence of plant species, i.e., Canna indica (C. indica), Cyperus alternifolius (C. alternifolius), Phragmites australis (P. australis) and unplanted control, on GHG emissions, pollutant removal and associated microbial abundance in subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) mesocosms. C. indica outperformed the other tested plant species in pollutant removal, and the presence of plants irrespective of species enhanced the removal efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and organics in SSFCW mesocosms compared to unplanted control. The greatest carbon dioxide (CO2) flux (582.01 ± 89.25 mg/m2/h), methane (CH4) flux (21.88 ± 2.51 μg/m2/h) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux (37.27 ± 15.82 μg/m2/h) were observed in mesocosms planted with C. indica, P. australis and C.alternifolius, respectively. Unexpectedly, the mcrA and pmoA genes were not detected in any mesocosms. For denitrifiers, the N2O fluxes showed a significantly (p < 0.05) positive correlation with nirS and nirK genes abundance. The abundance of nosZ gene (ranged from 0.18 × 104 to 0.75 × 104 copies/mg gravel) and nosZ/(nirS + nirK) (ranged from 1.29 × 10-4 to 2.12 × 10-4 copies/mg gravel) in this study was lower than that in most reported studies. Regarding the global warming potential (GWP), the lowest value was observed in mesocosms planted with C. indica. In conclusion, C. indica is selected as the optimal plant species in this study due to its lower GWP and excellent pollutant removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Brian Shutes
- Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Gary Banuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648-9757, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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16
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López D, Sepúlveda-Mardones M, Ruiz-Tagle N, Sossa K, Uggetti E, Vidal G. Potential methane production and molecular characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland under cold and warm seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1042-1051. [PMID: 30340252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF) treating wastewater is associated with the presence of bacteria and archaea. These organisms perform anaerobic microbial processes such as methanogenesis, which can lead to methane emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate methane production and characterize the bacterial and archaeal communities found in HSSFs treating secondary urban wastewater during cold and warm seasons. The pilot system used in this study corresponds to four HSSFs, two planted with Phragmites australis (HSSF-Phr) and two planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (HSSF-Sch), the monitoring was carried out for 1335 days. Removal efficiencies for organic matter (biological and chemical oxygen demand) and total and volatile suspended solids were evaluated in each HSSF. Moreover, biomass from each HSSF was sampled during warm and cold season, and methane productions determined by Specific Methanogenic Activity assays(maximum) (SMAm). In the same samples, the quantification and identification of bacteria and archaea were performed. The results showed that the degradation of organic matter (53-67% BOD5 and 51-62% COD) and suspended solids (85-93%) was not influenced by seasonal conditions or plant species. Potential methane production from HSSF-Sch was between 20 and 51% higher than from HSSF-Phr. Moreover, potential methane production during warm season was 3.4-42% higher than during cold season. The quantification of microorganisms in HSSFs, determined greater development of bacteria (38%) and archaea (50-57%) during the warm season. In addition, the species Schoenoplectus californicus has a larger number of bacteria (4-48%) and archaea (34-43%) than Phragmites australis. The identification of microorganisms evidenced the sequences associated with bacteria belong mainly to Firmicutes (42%), Proteobacteria (33%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). The archaea were represented primarily by Methanosarcinales, specifically Methanosaeta (75%) and Methanosarcina (16%). The community structure of the methanogenic archaea in HSSFs did not change throughout the seasons or plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela López
- Engineering Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Sepúlveda-Mardones
- Engineering Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nathaly Ruiz-Tagle
- Biofilm laboratory and Environmental Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katherine Sossa
- Biofilm laboratory and Environmental Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya·Barcelona Tech., c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Engineering Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Ma Y, Sun L, Liu C, Yang X, Zhou W, Yang B, Schwenke G, Liu DL. A comparison of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from inland mixed-fish and crab aquaculture ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:517-523. [PMID: 29754086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inland aquaculture ponds in China collectively cover 2.57 million ha, so emissions of the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from these ponds may constitute a significant contribution to global warming. During 2016 and 2017, CH4 and N2O fluxes and a range of pond-water and sediment properties were measured in replicated (n = 4) "mixed-fish" and "crab" aquaculture ponds in southeast China. Annual CH4 and N2O emissions were 64.4 kg C ha-1 and 2.99 kg N ha-1, respectively, from the "mixed-fish" ponds, and 51.6 kg C ha-1 and 3.32 kg N ha-1, respectively, from the "crab" ponds. Emission differences between pond types were significant (p < 0.05) for both gases. CH4 fluxes from the "crab" ponds were significantly increased by the presence of aquatic vegetation, but N2O fluxes were not affected. Emissions of N2O were estimated to be 0.54% and 0.71% of the total nitrogen input (in the feed) for the "mixed-fish" and "crab" ponds, respectively. The net economic benefit-scaled sustained-flux global warming potential (NEB-scaled SGWP) of the "crab" ponds was 61.6% higher (p < 0.05) than that of the "mixed-fish" pond. Our CH4 and N2O emissions results suggest that aquaculture ponds can be important contributors to regional and national GHG inventories, with aquaculture type an important factor in total GHG impact. Further CH4 and N2O flux research is needed at aquaculture ponds across China to better establish the range of potential GHG impacts, and to confirm the importance of the influencing factors identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044,China.
| | - Liying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044,China
| | - Cuiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044,China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Graeme Schwenke
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, 4 Marsden Park Road, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - De Li Liu
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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18
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Zhang K, Luo H, Zhu Z, Chen W, Chen J, Mo Y. CH 4 flux and methanogen community dynamics from five common emergent vegetations in a full-scale constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26433-26445. [PMID: 29987462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of emergent plants on CH4 efflux and elucidate the key factors responsible for these effects, annual monitoring of CH4 emissions and methanogen community dynamics in a full-scale constructed wetland (CW) was conducted. Five emergent plants (Typha orientalis, Cyperus alternifolius, Arundo domax, Iris pseudacorus, and Thalia dealbata) commonly used in CWs were selected for investigation. The greatest CH4 flux (annual mean 19.4 mg m-2 h-1) was observed from I. pseudacorus, while the lowest CH4 flux (7.1 mg m-2 h-1) was observed from Thalia dealbata. The CH4 flux from five emergent plants showed marked seasonal variation. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) were weakly correlated with CH4 emissions, whereas total carbon (TC) and root biomass of plants were positively correlated with CH4 emissions. Quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) analysis indicated that the gene abundance of eubacterial 16S rRNA, particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) significantly differed among plant species. Differences in TC, root biomass, and dissolved oxygen (DO) caused by plant species were potential factors responsible for differences in methanogens, methanotrophs, and CH4 emissions. Methanobacteriaceae, Methanoregulaceae, Methanomicrobiaceae, and Methanosarcinaceae were the dominant families of methanogens. The pathways of methanogenesis from the five emergent plants differed, with the main pathway being hydrogenotrophic, while both hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogens were involved in A. domax. Redundancy analysis (RDA) further indicated that emergent plant types had a profound influence on the methanogenic communities. Taken together, these results suggest emergent plant species can significantly influence CH4 fluxes in CW through microbial communities, biochemical pathways for methanogenesis, TC, and DO. Furthermore, plant species in CWs should be considered an important factor in evaluating greenhouse gases emission. Finally, it is necessary to effectively manage CWs vegetation to maximize their environmental benefits. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, China.
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan, 611830, China.
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
| | - Zhanyuan Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
| | - You Mo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan, 611830, China
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19
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Role of Scirpus mariqueter on Methane Emission from an Intertidal Saltmarsh of Yangtze Estuary. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Torrijos V, Ruiz I, Soto M. Effect of step-feeding on the performance of lab-scale columns simulating vertical flow-horizontal flow constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22649-22662. [PMID: 28812288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of step-feeding (untreated wastewater by-pass) on the performance of lab-scale columns simulating a hybrid vertical flow (VF)-horizontal flow (HF) constructed wetland (CW) system was studied. Step-feeding strategies have been adopted in several kinds of CW, but this is the first report about the use of step-feeding in VF + HF hybrid systems treating domestic wastewater. Applied loading rates were 7-11 g BOD5/m2 day and 2.1-3.4 g TN/m2 day (overall system). Removal efficiency reached 98% TSS and COD and 99% BOD5 on average, whilst a 50% by-pass improved TN removal from 31 to 50%. Maximum surface nitrification rate (5.5 g N/m2 day) was obtained in VF unit, whilst maximum denitrification rate (1.8 g N/m2 day) was observed in HF unit. Referred to the overall system, maximum surface nitrification and denitrification rates were 2.2 and 1.6 g N/m2 day, respectively. However, potential nitrifying and denitrifying activities (batch assays) were 15.0 and 58.9 g N/m2 day, respectively. Even at 50% by-pass, operational conditions in HF unit (dissolved oxygen, redox, COD/TN ratio) were not suitable enough for denitrification. However, methane emissions were not observed and nitrous oxide emissions were relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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21
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Sustainability of Constructed Wetland under the Impact of Aquatic Organisms Overloading. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Cao Q, Wang H, Chen X, Wang R, Liu J. Composition and distribution of microbial communities in natural river wetlands and corresponding constructed wetlands. ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 98:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
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23
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Liu S, Hu Z, Wu S, Li S, Li Z, Zou J. Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Reduced Following Conversion of Rice Paddies to Inland Crab-Fish Aquaculture in Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:633-642. [PMID: 26669815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is an important source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), while few direct flux measurements are available for their regional and global source strength estimates. A parallel field experiment was performed to measure annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from rice paddies and rice paddy-converted inland crab-fish aquaculture wetlands in southeast China. Besides N2O fluxes dependent on water/sediment mineral N and CH4 fluxes related to water chemical oxygen demand, both CH4 and N2O fluxes from aquaculture were related to water/sediment temperature, sediment dissolved organic carbon, and water dissolved oxygen concentration. Annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from inland aquaculture averaged 0.37 mg m(-2) h(-1) and 48.1 μg m(-2) h(-1), yielding 32.57 kg ha(-1) and 2.69 kg N2O-N ha(-1), respectively. The conversion of rice paddies to aquaculture significantly reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 48% and 56%, respectively. The emission factor for N2O was estimated to be 0.66% of total N input in the feed or 1.64 g N2O-N kg(-1) aquaculture production in aquaculture. The conversion of rice paddies to inland aquaculture would benefit for reconciling greenhouse gas mitigation and agricultural income increase as far as global warming potentials and net ecosystem economic profits are of concomitant concern. Some agricultural practices such as better aeration and feeding, and fallow season dredging would help to lower CH4 and N2O emissions from inland aquaculture. More field measurements from inland aquaculture are highly needed to gain an insight into national and global accounting of CH4 and N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
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24
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Hu Z, Wu S, Ji C, Zou J, Zhou Q, Liu S. A comparison of methane emissions following rice paddies conversion to crab-fish farming wetlands in southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1505-1515. [PMID: 26374545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice paddies and aquaculture wetlands are typical agricultural wetlands that constitute one of the important sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). Traditional transplanted rice paddies have been experiencing conversion to pond aquaculture wetlands for pursuing higher economic benefits over the past decades in southeast China. A parallel field experiment was carried out to compare CH4 emissions from a transplanted rice paddy and its converted crab-fish farming wetland in southeast China. Over the rice-growing season, CH4 fluxes averaged 1.86 mg m(-2) h(-1) from rice paddies, and 1.14 and 0.50 mg m(-2) h(-1) for the treatments with or without aquatic vegetation present in the crab-fish farming wetlands, respectively. When averaged across the treatments, seasonal CH4 emissions from crab-fish framing wetlands were 52% lower than those from rice paddies. The CH4 fluxes were negatively related to water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration but positively related to soil/sediment dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in crab-fish farming wetlands. Dependence of CH4 fluxes on DO or DOC was intensified by the aquatic vegetation presence. By extrapolating the present CH4 emission rate with the current rice paddy-converted aquaculture cultivation area, the seasonal CH4 emissions from inland aquaculture wetlands during the critical farming stage (20 June to 18 October) were estimated to be 33.6 Gg ha(-1) in southeast China in 2012. Rice paddies conversion to crab-fish farming wetlands might have reduced CH4 emissions by 22-54% in mainland China. Results of this study suggest that the conversion of transplanted rice paddies to crab-fish aquaculture wetlands for higher economic benefits would also lead to a lower ecosystem CH4 release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quansuo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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25
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de la Varga D, Ruiz I, Álvarez JA, Soto M. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from constructed wetlands receiving anaerobically pretreated sewage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:824-833. [PMID: 26342902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine methane and carbon dioxide emissions from a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) treating anaerobically pre-treated sewage. The CW was constituted of two horizontal flow (free water surface followed by a subsurface) units. A long-term study was carried out as both CW units were monitored for three campaigns in Period 1 (0.9-1.5years after start-up), and four campaigns in Period 2 (4.5-5.8years after start-up). The closed chamber method with collecting surfaces of 1810cm(2) was used. For this system, variability due to position in the transverse section of CW, plant presence or absence and recommended sampling period was determined. Overall methane emissions ranged from 96 to 966mgCH4m(-2) d(-1), depending on several factors as the operation time, the season of the year and the position in the system. Methane emissions increased from 267±188mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) during the second year of operation to 543±161mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) in the sixth year of operation. Methane emissions were related to the age of the CW and the season of the year, being high in spring and becoming lower from spring to winter. Total CO2 emissions ranged mostly from 3500 to 5800mgCO2m(-2)d(-1) during the sixth year of operation, while nitrous oxide emissions were below the detection limit of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de la Varga
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - I Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - J A Álvarez
- AIMEN Technology Center, C/. Relva, 27 A - Torneiros, Porriño, Pontevedra 36410, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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26
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Barbera AC, Borin M, Cirelli GL, Toscano A, Maucieri C. Comparison of carbon balance in Mediterranean pilot constructed wetlands vegetated with different C4 plant species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2372-2383. [PMID: 24743957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions and carbon (C) budgets in a horizontal subsurface flow pilot-plant constructed wetland (CW) with beds vegetated with Cyperus papyrus L., Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Mischantus × giganteus Greef et Deu in the Mediterranean basin (Sicily) during the 1st year of plant growing season. At the end of the vegetative season, M. giganteus showed the higher biomass accumulation (7.4 kg m(-2)) followed by C. zizanioides (5.3 kg m(-2)) and C. papyrus (1.8 kg m(-2)). Significantly higher emissions of CO2 were detected in the summer, while CH4 emissions were maximum during spring. Cumulative CO2 emissions by C. papyrus and C. zizanioides during the monitoring period showed similar trends with final values of about 775 and 1,074 g m(-2), respectively, whereas M. giganteus emitted 3,395 g m(-2). Cumulative CH4 bed emission showed different trends for the three C4 plant species in which total gas release during the study period was for C. papyrus 12.0 g m(-2) and ten times higher for M. giganteus, while C. zizanioides bed showed the greatest CH4 cumulative emission with 240.3 g m(-2). The wastewater organic carbon abatement determined different C flux in the atmosphere. Gas fluxes were influenced both by plant species and monitored months with an average C-emitted-to-C-removed ratio for C. zizanioides, C. papyrus, and M. giganteus of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. The growing season C balances were positive for all vegetated beds with the highest C sequestered in the bed with M. giganteus (4.26 kg m(-2)) followed by C. zizanioides (3.78 kg m(-2)) and C. papyrus (1.89 kg m(-2)). To our knowledge, this is the first paper that presents preliminary results on CO2 and CH4 emissions from CWs vegetated with C4 plant species in Mediterranean basin during vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Barbera
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, DISPA, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123, Catania, Italy
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Ge Z, Hu C, Zhang H. Effects of influent C/N ratios on wastewater nutrient removal and simultaneous greenhouse gas emission from the combinations of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands and earthworm eco-filters for treating synthetic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:567-575. [PMID: 24504343 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on the nutrient removal and the simultaneous CO2, CH4, and N2O emission rates of various combinations of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSFCWs) and earthworm eco-filters (EEs) under different influent C/N ratios in synthetic wastewater. The optimal parameters for nutrient removal were influent C/N ratios of 5 : 1 and 10 : 1 as well as the combination VSFCW-EE. Relatively low values of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates measured in situ were obtained at a C/N ratio of 5 : 1. The emission rates of CH4 and N2O were considerably lower than that of CO2. The VSFCW-EE and EE-VSFCW combinations showed similar GHG emission results. The C/N ratio of 5 : 1 and the VSFCW-EE combination exhibited the highest nutrient removal efficiency with the lowest GHG emission rate. Wastewater nutrient removal and GHG emission were both high during summer (June to August) and low during winter (December to February).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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