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Degitz SJ, Olker JH, Denny JS, Degoey PP, Hartig PC, Cardon MC, Eytcheson SA, Haselman JT, Mayasich SA, Hornung MW. In vitro screening of per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) for interference with seven thyroid hormone system targets across nine assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105762. [PMID: 38072180 PMCID: PMC11081714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency is evaluating the ecological and toxicological effects of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals. A number of perfluorinated chemicals have been shown to impact the thyroid axis in vivo suggesting that the thyroid hormone system is a target of these chemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of 136 perfluorinated chemicals at seven key molecular initiating events (MIE) within the thyroid axis using nine in vitro assays. The potential MIE targets investigated are Human Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1 (hDIO1), Human Iodothyronine Deiodinase 2 (hDIO2), Human Iodothyronine Deiodinase 3 (hDIO3), Xenopus Iodothyronine Deiodinase (xDIO3); Human Iodotyrosine Deiodinase (hIYD), Xenopus Iodotyrosine Deiodinase (xIYD), Human Thyroid Peroxidase (hTPO); and the serum binding proteins Human Transthyretin (hTTR) and Human Thyroxine Binding Globulin (hTBG). Of the 136 PFAS chemicals tested, 85 had sufficient activity to produce a half-maximal effect concentration (EC50) in at least one of the nine assays. In general, most of these PFAS chemicals did not have strong potency towards the seven MIEs examined, apart from transthyretin binding, for which several PFAS had potency similar to the respective model inhibitor. These data sets identify potentially active PFAS chemicals to prioritize for further testing in orthogonal in vitro assays and at higher levels of biological organization to evaluate their capacity for altering the thyroid hormone system and causing potential adverse health and ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigmund J Degitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Jennifer H Olker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Jeffery S Denny
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Philip P Degoey
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Phillip C Hartig
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mary C Cardon
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Stephanie A Eytcheson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan T Haselman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Sally A Mayasich
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael W Hornung
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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Lopez-Antia A, Piña B, Lacorte S, Bervoets L, Eens M. Transcriptomic effects of Perfluoralkyl acids on the adipose tissue of a songbird species at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121478. [PMID: 36972811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoralkyl acids (PFAS) have been regarded as global pollutants for at least twenty years, with potentially negative physiological effects on multiple vertebrate species including humans. Here we analyze the effects of the administration of environmentally-relevant levels of PFAS on caged canaries (Serinus canaria) by using a combination of physiological, immunological, and transcriptomic analyses. This constitutes a completely new approach to understand the toxicity pathway of PFAS in birds. While we observed no effects on physiological and immunological parameters (e.g, body weight, fat index, cell-mediated immunity), the transcriptome of the pectoral fatty tissue showed changes compatible with the known effects of PFAS as obesogens in other vertebrates, particularly in mammals. First, transcripts related to the immunological response were affected (mainly enriched), including several key signaling pathways. Second, we found a repression of genes related to the peroxisome response and fatty acid metabolism. We interpret these results as indicative of the potential hazard of environmental concentrations of PFAS on the fat metabolism and the immunological system of birds, while exemplifying the ability of transcriptomic analyses of detecting early physiological responses to toxicants. As the potentially affected functions are essential for the survival of the animals during, for example, migration, our results underline the need for tight control of the exposure of natural populations of birds to these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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3
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Yoo HJ, Pyo MC, Park Y, Kim BY, Lee KW. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08272. [PMID: 34765786 PMCID: PMC8571496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, also known as GenX, is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). PFASs are nonvolatile synthetic substances that can be readily disseminated into the environment during processing and use, making them easy to implement in the soil, drinking water, and air. Compared to other PFASs, GenX has a comparatively short carbon chain length and is expected to have a lower tendency to accumulate in humans; therefore, GenX has recently been used as a substitute to other PFASs. However, the mechanisms underlying GenX action and intoxication in humans remains unclear. In this study, the apoptotic capacity of GenX in human liver cells was investigated. When representative human-derived liver cells (HepG2 cells) were treated with GenX for 12 h, cell viability was reduced, and apoptosis was greatly increased. In addition, GenX increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating the induction of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. GenX treatment increased the expression of major apoptosis-related genes relative to the untreated control group. This research indicates that GenX causes apoptosis through ROS mediation in HepG2 cells, which may expand our knowledge of the molecular and toxicological mechanisms of GenX. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) can be harmful to the liver. Through the mediation of ROS, GenX causes apoptosis in HepG2 cells. GenX activates Bax, caspase 3/9, CHOP, and p53 via the apoptosis. The intrinsic pathway links GenX mode of action to apoptosis-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Bursian SJ, Link JE, McCarty M, Harr K, Roberts J, Simcik MF. Dietary Exposure of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and a Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Containing PFOS: Effects on Reproduction and Chick Survivability and Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2521-2537. [PMID: 34157787 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and a legacy aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing 91% PFOS (AFFF PFOS) on reproduction, chick survivability, and growth of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were determined. Day-old Japanese quail were administered PFOS or AFFF PFOS at 6 dietary concentrations ranging from 0 to 21 mg kg-1 feed for a total of 20 wk. At the age of 4 wk, 16 male/female pairs per treatment were assigned to cages, and egg laying was induced by the age of 10 wk. Eggs were collected daily, set weekly, and incubated for 18 d for the following 10 wk. Hatchlings were fed uncontaminated feed for 2 wk and euthanized to collect blood and liver. After 10 wk of egg collection, adults were euthanized to collect blood, liver, and kidneys. Significantly increased myofiber numbers in the liver and glomerular sclerosis in the kidneys of adults indicated damage at greater doses. Perfluorooctane sulfonate or AFFF PFOS did not significantly affect egg production; however, hatchability was decreased at the highest PFOS dose. The no-observed-adverse-effect levels for chick survivability, considered the critical effect, were 4.1 mg PFOS kg feed-1 (0.55 mg kg body wt-1 d-1 ) and 5.0 mg AFFF PFOS kg feed-1 (0.66 mg kg body wt-1 d-1 ), resulting in calculated average toxicity reference values of 0.25 mg kg feed-1 and 0.034 mg kg body weight-1 d-1 . Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2521-2537. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jane E Link
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael McCarty
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - John Roberts
- URIKA Pathology, Mukilteo, Washington, USA
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matt F Simcik
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Bursian SJ, Link JE, McCarty M, Simcik MF. The Subacute Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and/or Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Chicks. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:695-710. [PMID: 32060944 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As part of an effort to develop avian ecotoxicity information for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) associated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) used by the Department of Defense, the subacute toxicity of PFOS, PFOA, PFOS + PFOA, 3M AFFF, and Ansul AFFF to Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) chicks was determined. Ten-day-old Japanese quail were administered treated feed for 5 d and then fed untreated feed for 18 d. Analyzed concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFOS + PFOA ranged from 62 to 1955, 162 to 1208, and 43 + 45 to 296 + 292 mg kg feed-1 . Analyzed concentrations of PFOS in feed containing the 3M AFFF ranged from 73 to 1399 mg kg feed-1 , and formulated concentrations of 6:2 fluorotelomer thioamido sulfonate in feed containing the Ansul AFFF ranged from 9 to 1118 mg kg feed-1 . Average daily doses resulting in 50% mortality at day 5 were 38 (34-43), 68 (63-74), 55 (51-59), and 130 (103-164) mg PFOS, PFOA, PFOS + PFOA, and PFOS in 3M AFFF kg body weight-1 d-1 . Ansul AFFF did not result in any mortalities. Dietary concentrations resulting in 50% mortality at day 5 were 351 (275-450), 496 (427-575), 398 (339-468), and 467 (390-559) mg PFOS, PFOA, PFOS + PFOA, and PFOS in 3M AFFF kg feed-1 . Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:695-710. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jane E Link
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael McCarty
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matt F Simcik
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Jaspers VLB, Waugh CA. PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:214. [PMID: 31238913 PMCID: PMC6593586 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals. Immunomodulation is among the most concerning of toxic effects linked with PFAS exposure in mammalian models. However, no studies had yet shown this to be true in birds. Thus, we designed and conducted the first study to determine if PFASs could cause immunomodulation in birds. Secondly, we wanted to determine the effects on an avian host when exposed not only to immunomodulating chemicals, but also to a viral challenge. The aim, to determine if PFAS mediated immunmodulation functionally affects a pathogen challenge for a host. As innate immune system signalling pathways initiate crucial responses against a pathogen challenge, and are lesser studied than their adaptive counterparts, we focused on these pathways. To provide the first information on this, an in vitro experiment was designed and performed using chicken embryo fibroblasts exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (22 ppm) and immune markers characterised before and after being infected with gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaHV-2). RESULTS The expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) were investigated in various scenarios. These results showed that exposure to PFOS decreased immune gene expression in chicken fibroblasts from 36 h post-exposure. Next, it was shown that this decrease could be mitigated by infection with gallid herpesvirus-2, which increased gene expression back to the baseline/control levels. CONCLUSIONS Not only is this the first study to provide the expected evidence that PFOS has immunomodulatory potential in birds, it also provides unexpected data that virus infections can mitigate this negative effect. Thereby, further research, including in vivo and in situ studies, on the impact of PFOS on host-virus interactions is now warranted, as it has been overlooked and might contribute to our understanding of recent disease outbreaks in wildlife. The mechanisms by which gallid herpesvirus mitigates immunomodulation were beyond the scope of this study, but are now of interest for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Castaño-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Present address: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Veerle L. B. Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Courtney A. Waugh
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Lv D, Gu Y, Guo M, Hou P, Li Y, Wu R. Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure induces apoptosis in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:509-514. [PMID: 30703684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the toxicological activities of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), we examined the effects of PFOA on apoptosis and its molecular mechanism in SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to examine the protein and gene expressions of Bax and Bcl-2. Our results showed that PFOA inhibited SMMC-7721 cell growth and induced apoptosis. PFOA treatment increased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression at both gene and protein levels. Our study demonstrated that PFOA had toxic effects on SMMC-7721 cells, such as inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that PFOA-mediated induction of apoptosis involved inducing Bax and decreasing Bcl-2 expression as a molecular mechanism of its toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Lv
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yi Gu
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; School of Science, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- School of Science, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
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Lopez-Antia A, Groffen T, Lasters R, AbdElgawad H, Sun J, Asard H, Bervoets L, Eens M. Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Two Generations of Great Tits Inhabiting a Contamination Hotspot. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1617-1626. [PMID: 30615438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) contrasts with the limited information about their effects. We report here PFAA plasma concentrations in wild populations of great tits ( Parus major) settled at and in the vicinity of a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp (Belgium). Using two generations we obtained novel results on some poorly known issues such as differences between sexes, maternal transfer of the compounds and potential associations with the oxidative status. For five out of the 11 detected PFAAs, the concentrations were the highest ever reported in birds' plasma, which confirms that Antwerp is one of the main hotspots for PFAAs pollution. Contrary to other studies conducted in birds, we found that females presented higher mean concentrations and detection frequencies for two compounds (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA)) than males. Maternal transfer and the dietary intake appear to be the main route of exposure for nestlings to PFOS but not to other compounds. Finally, PFAA concentrations tended to correlate positively with protein damage in adult birds while in nestlings they positively correlated with higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and catalase). Experimental work is needed to confirm oxidative stress as a pathway for the pernicious effects of PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Thimo Groffen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Robin Lasters
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science , Beni-Suef University , 62521 Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
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Averina M, Brox J, Huber S, Furberg AS, Sørensen M. Serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and risk of asthma and various allergies in adolescents. The Tromsø study Fit Futures in Northern Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:114-121. [PMID: 30447498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental pollutants may contribute to the development of asthma and other allergies. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between asthma and other allergies with exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in adolescents from the Arctic region of Norway. METHODS The Tromsø study Fit Futures 1 (TFF1) and 3-year follow-up Fit Futures 2 study (TFF2) included 675 adolescents that completed a questionnaire about health conditions and underwent a clinical examination with blood tests and fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement. Serum concentrations of 18 PFASs were measured by UHPLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS Total PFASs (ΣPFAS) serum concentration over 4th quartile was positively associated with asthma in the TFF1 (OR 3.35 (95% CI 1.54-7.29), p = 0.002). Total perfluorooctane sulfonate (ΣPFOS), linear PFOS (linPFOS), linear perfluorohexane sulfonate (linPFHxS) concentrations over 4th quartiles were associated with 2 times higher odds of asthma in the TFF1. The positive associations between ΣPFAS, ΣPFOS, linPFOS and asthma remained statistically significant in the TFF2. ΣPFAS and linPFHxS concentrations over 3rd tertiles were associated with positive marker of eosinophilic airways inflammation FeNO> 25 ppb. Concentrations of ΣPFOS and linPFOS over 3rd quartiles were positively associated with self-reported nickel allergy (OR 2.25 (95% CI 1.17-4.35) p = 0.016 and OR 2.53 (95% CI 1.30-4.90) p = 0.006, respectively). Allergic rhinitis, self-reported pollen allergy, food allergy and atopic eczema were not associated with PFASs concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study of Norwegian adolescents showed a positive association between several PFASs and asthma, as well as between PFOS and nickel allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Averina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jan Brox
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sandra Huber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Sørensen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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10
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Groffen T, Lopez-Antia A, D'Hollander W, Prinsen E, Eens M, Bervoets L. Perfluoroalkylated acids in the eggs of great tits (Parus major) near a fluorochemical plant in Flanders, Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:140-148. [PMID: 28528261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are highly persistent substances which have been detected in wildlife around the world, including birds. Although bird eggs have often been used to determine and monitor PFAAs levels in the marine environment, this has rarely been done in the terrestrial environment. In the present study we examined the concentrations and composition profile of 12 PFAAs (4 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and 8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the eggs of great tits (Parus major) collected at a fluorochemical plant and in three other areas, representing a gradient in distance from the pollution source (from 1 to 70 km), in Antwerp, Belgium. The PFSA concentrations measured at the site of the fluorochemical plant were among the highest ever reported in eggs with median concentrations of 10380 ng/g (extrapolated), 99.3 ng/g and 47.7 ng/g for PFOS, PFHxS and PFDS respectively. Furthermore, the median concentration of 19.8 ng/g for PFOA was also among the highest ever reported in bird eggs. Although these concentrations decreased sharply with distance from the fluorochemical plant, levels found in the adjacent sites were still high compared to what has been reported in literature. Moreover, based on what is known in literature, it is likely that these concentrations may cause toxicological effects. PFOS was the dominant contributor to the PFSA and PFAAs (63.4-97.6%) profile at each site, whereas for PFCAs this was PFOA at the plant site and the nearest locations (41.0-52.8%) but PFDoA (37.7%) at the farthest location. Although there is some evidence that PFAAs concentrations close to the plant site are decreasing in comparison with earlier measurements, which may be due to the phase out of PFOS, more research is necessary to understand the extent of the toxicological effects in the vicinity of this PFAAs hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicology Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Wendy D'Hollander
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicology Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicology Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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11
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Lopez-Antia A, Dauwe T, Meyer J, Maes K, Bervoets L, Eens M. High levels of PFOS in eggs of three bird species in the neighbourhood of a fluoro-chemical plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:165-171. [PMID: 28135663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) levels in the eggs of three primarily invertivorous bird species sampled in 2006 near a fluoro-chemical plant: the great tit (Parus major), the northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and the Mediterranean gull (Larus melanocephalus). Our study reported some of the highest PFOS levels ever measured in wildlife to date (i.e. up to 46182ng/g ww in lapwing eggs). A pronounced decrease in PFOS concentration in the Northern lapwing eggs with distance from the fluoro-chemical plant was found. A similar relationship was found for the great tit, with eggs being collected close to the fluoro-chemical plant having significantly higher PFOS levels than eggs collected 1700m further away. When comparing the PFOS levels in eggs for the three species, collected between 1700 and 5500m no significant differences were observed. In addition, when comparing PFOS levels in eggs between Northern lapwing and great tits closer to the plant (900-1700m) no significant differences were found neither. Despite the high levels found in great tit eggs, plasmatic biochemical biomarker responses did not appear to be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioral Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgelaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Dauwe
- Behavioral Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Johan Meyer
- Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgelaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Maes
- Behavioral Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgelaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgelaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioral Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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12
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Yang M, Ye J, Qin H, Long Y, Li Y. Influence of perfluorooctanoic acid on proteomic expression and cell membrane fatty acid of Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:532-539. [PMID: 27742440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has received an increasing attention in the agricultural and food industries due to its risk to human health. To facilitate the development of novel biomarkers of Escherichia coli against PFOA through multi-omics technologies, and to reveal the resistance mechanism of E. coli against PFOA at protein levels, the interactions among pollutant stress, protein expression and cell metabolism was investigated by using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis. The results revealed that the 63 up-regulated proteins mainly involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, whereas, the 69 down-regulated proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism and the cell cycle-caulobacter pathway, were also associated with the increase of membrane permeability, excessive expenditure of ATP, disruption of fatty acid biosynthesis under PFOA stress. The results provide novel insights into the influence mechanisms of PFOA on fatty acid and protein networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinshao Ye
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, 94598, CA, USA
| | - Huaming Qin
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yan Long
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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13
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Cruz-Martinez L, Smits JEG, Fernie K. Stress response, biotransformation effort, and immunotoxicity in captive birds exposed to inhaled benzene, toluene, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:223-230. [PMID: 25463874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the oil sands of Alberta, Canada, toxicology research has largely neglected the effects of air contaminants on biota. Captive Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to mixtures of volatile organic compounds and oxidizing agents (benzene, toluene, NO2 and SO2) in a whole-body inhalation chamber, to test for toxicological responses. Hepatic biotransformation measured through 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) tended to be increased in exposed kestrels (p=0.06) but not in quail (p=0.15). Plasma corticosterone was increased in the low dose group for quail on the final day of exposure (p=0.0001), and midway through the exposure period in exposed kestrels (p=0.04). For both species, there was no alteration of T and B-cell responses, immune organ mass, or histology of immune organs (p>0.05). This study provides baseline information valuable to complement toxicology studies and provides a better understanding of potential health effects on wild avifauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruz-Martinez
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4Z6
| | - Judit E G Smits
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4Z6.
| | - Kim Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6
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