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Khodabakhshloo N, Abbasi S, Oleszczuk P, Turner A. Biomonitoring of airborne microplastics and microrubbers in Shiraz, Iran, using lichens and moss. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:244. [PMID: 38851657 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Microplastics (MPs) and microrubbers (MRs) determined in lichens and mosses around Shiraz. In lichens, MPs mainly thin fibres up to 1 MP g-1; MRs were < 0.1 MP g-1. In mosses, abundances were similar but with a greater fraction of larger, non-fibrous particles. Larger MPs and MRs decreased in abundance with distance and elevation from Shiraz. Around Shiraz, the common moss, Grimmia critina, would be the most suitable biomonitor. Lichens and mosses have been employed as biomonitors of atmospheric particulate pollutants, like metals and industrial solids, for many decades. Here, we evaluated the potential of nine species of crustose and foliose lichens and a widely distributed moss (Grimmia critina) to act as biomonitors of airborne microplastics (MPs) and microrubbers (MRs). About 200 lichens and 40 mosses were sampled across different altitudinal transects in the vicinity of Shiraz City, southwest Iran, and MPs and MRs were quantified and characterised after sample peroxidation. In most species of lichen, MP and MR abundance overall was < 1 g-1 and < 0.1 g-1, respectively, and the majority of plastics were fibres of < 10 µm in diameter and < 1000 µm in length. Respective weight normalised abundances of MPs and MRs were similar in G. critina, but there were greater proportions of both larger (> 1000 µm) and non-fibrous particles among the MPs. In both lichens and moss, there was a greater number of larger MPs and MRs at locations closest to and at the same elevation as Shiraz than at more distant and elevated locations, suggesting an inverse relationship between particle size and distance travelled. Among the lichens, members of the genus Acarospora, with their areolated form, appeared to act as the most suitable biomonitors for MPs and MRs. Overall, however, the wide distribution of the moss, G. crinita, and its ability to intercept and accumulate a broader range of sizes and shapes of MPs and MRs make this species a better choice, at least in the type of environment studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khodabakhshloo
- Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
- Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Tingstad L, Sandercock B, Nybø S. Steep declines in radioactive caesium after 30 years of monitoring alpine plants in mountain areas of central Norway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 272:107352. [PMID: 38064936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Chernobyl accident exposed large areas of northern Europe to radiocaesium (137Cs). We investigated temporal and spatial variation in concentrations of radiocaesium among five functional groups of alpine plants at two mountain areas in central Norway over a 31-year period from 1991 to 2022. Average concentrations of radiocaesium were initially high in lichens and bryophytes at around 4600-6400 Bq/kg dry weight during 1991-1994 but then decreased dramatically over three decades to current concentrations of <200 Bq/kg for all plant groups in 2019-2022. The effective half-life of radiocaesium was estimated to be 4-6 years in lichens and mosses, 7-13 years in herbaceous plants, and 22-30 years in woody plants, which were less than the physical half-life of 30.2 years. Concentrations of radiocaesium were greater at the nutrient-poor site than at the nutrient-rich site, probably due to greater deposition levels at higher elevations and the geographical pattern of the deposition. Functional groups of plants differed with higher concentrations among non-vascular than vascular plants. Common heather Calluna vulgaris was unusual among woody plants with high concentration of radiocaesium, especially in the new shoots. Our new estimates of concentrations and dynamics of radiocaesium for alpine plants in natural environments will be useful for modelling herbivore exposure and evaluating potential impacts on wildlife and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Tingstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Vormstuguvegen 40, 2624, Lillehammer, Norway.
| | - Brett Sandercock
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Signe Nybø
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
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Khalid Z, Singh B. Looking at moss through the bioeconomy lens: biomonitoring, bioaccumulation, and bioenergy potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114722-114738. [PMID: 37897571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The field of bioeconomy has been experiencing a surge in interest in recent years as society increasingly recognizes the potential of utilizing renewable biological resources to create sustainable solutions for economic growth, resource management, and environmental protection. Despite its potential, there is a notable lack of studies exploring the utilization of moss as a viable resource within the bioeconomy framework. Aligned with this objective, this paper conducts a keyword analysis using the VOSviewer application to explore the applicability of mosses as a bioeconomy resource. While biomonitoring using mosses has been studied extensively, this paper shifts its focus to discuss advancements in this area. Moreover, it evaluates the viability of moss utilization for bioenergy production and concisely summarizes their application in microbial fuel cells. The review also highlights challenges pertinent to moss utilization and presents future prospects. The overarching goal of this review paper is to assess the potential and utilization prospects of mosses within the realms of bioaccumulation, air purification, and bioenergy. By offering a comprehensive summary of moss applications, performance, and viability across diverse sectors, this paper endeavors to promote the versatile application of mosses in various contexts. It repositions the discussion on mosses, accentuating their utilization potential prior to exploring conclusions and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Bhaskar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India.
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Perala-Dewey J, Orr K, Hageman KJ, Zawar-Reza P, Shahpoury P. Atmospheric Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons into Three Alpine Valleys: Influence of Local-Scale Wind Patterns and Chemical Partitioning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13114-13123. [PMID: 37607349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited in alpine areas due to complex meteorology and topography. To better understand atmospheric transport in these areas, we measured 16 PAHs in lichens, biomonitors of atmospheric PAHs, along three transects extending from a highway into otherwise remote alpine valleys. While the valleys neighbored one another and were morphologically similar, they differed in their orientation relative to regional winds. In the valley characterized by regional winds oriented up-valley, PAH concentrations in lichens remained consistent across the transect. In the other two valleys, where regional winds were oriented down or across the valley, 3-6 ring PAHs declined rapidly with increasing distance from the highway, and PAH concentrations in the lichens declined more rapidly for higher molecular weight PAHs than lower molecular weight PAHs. We hypothesize that this trend was driven by differences in gas-particle partitioning and vegetative scavenging between PAH congeners. These results illustrate the importance of both physical transport and chemical partitioning in alpine areas where small differences in topography can lead to significant differences in chemical transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Perala-Dewey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Katy Orr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Peyman Zawar-Reza
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Pourya Shahpoury
- Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
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Pacín C, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E, Aboal JR, De Nicola F, Fernández JÁ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in PM 10 and bulk deposition using Mosspheres: A pilot study in an urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115406. [PMID: 36746206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Study air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) capturing the spatial variability of their concentrations is not economically feasible with conventional methods. In the present work we tested, for the first time and under real conditions, the suitability for intensive monitoring and mapping these contaminants of innovative, cost-effective passive air samplers known as "Mosspheres". The Mosspheres, filled with a devitalised Sphagnum palustre L. moss clone, were placed in a 575 m. grid in a medium-sized European city for three months. Concentrations in the moss tissues of 15 priority PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, were determined and converted into PM10 and bulk deposition with the equations proposed in a recent study. Low concentrations of PAHs were detected, with only a few enriched points never exceeding the legal thresholds, near industrial areas and busy roads. Despite these low PAH concentrations, Mosspheres were able to detect spatial structure for several PAHs and high-resolution pollution maps were constructed for these compounds. The results prove the high sensitivity and suitability of Mosspheres for mapping PAH levels and for quantitative (i.e. PAHs with 4 or more rings) and qualitative (3-ring PAHs) monitoring. Thus, this study supports their widespread application and its potential inclusion in European Directives on air quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Pacín
- CRETUS Center, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño Spain
| | | | - Jesús R Aboal
- CRETUS Center, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Flavia De Nicola
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi del Sannio di Benevento, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - J Ángel Fernández
- CRETUS Center, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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6
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Mu Y, Liu M, Li J, Zhang X. Multifold Enhanced Raman Detection of Organic Molecules as Environmental Water Pollutants. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:4. [PMID: 36671838 PMCID: PMC9855845 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules, including the benzene series, have been identified as pollutants in environmental water. Due to their very low solubility, they have very small concentrations in water, and they are difficult to be detected by conventional techniques. In particular, there is a lack of real-time, accurate, and rapid detection methods for such molecules in water. However, they are detrimental to human health in many aspects. Toluene has been an important indicator of such environmental pollution detections. In this work, we propose a 3D SERS scheme consisting of a hollow fiber that is coated on the inner wall with densely arranged silver nanoparticles, which supplies multifold Raman enhancement by the plasmonic microcavity. Strong confinement of excitation laser energy and strongly enhanced Raman signals with the bidirectional collection are utilized to achieve high-sensitivity detection of toluene molecules in water. Raman signal with a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio has been measured for a concentration of 0.53 mg/L, indicating a detection limit even lower than this value for such a Raman spectroscopic technique. The corresponding enhancement factor is higher than 6 × 103 with respect to the available systems. Thus, this device not only enables direct trace detection and real-time monitoring of the water-polluting status by organic molecules but also supplies a practical approach for biological sensing.
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Catteau A, Porcher JM, Bado-Nilles A, Bonnard I, Bonnard M, Chaumot A, David E, Dedourge-Geffard O, Delahaut L, Delorme N, François A, Garnero L, Lopes C, Nott K, Noury P, Palluel O, Palos-Ladeiro M, Quéau H, Ronkart S, Sossey-Alaoui K, Turiès C, Tychon B, Geffard O, Geffard A. Interest of a multispecies approach in active biomonitoring: Application in the Meuse watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152148. [PMID: 34864038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A biomonitoring approach based on a single model species cannot be representative of the contaminations impacts on the ecosystem overall. As part of the Interreg DIADeM program ("Development of an integrated approach for the diagnosis of the water quality of the River Meuse"), a study was conducted to establish the proof of concept that the use of a multispecies active biomonitoring approach improves diagnostic of aquatic systems. The complementarity of the biomarker responses was tested in four model species belonging to various ecological compartments: the bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica, the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha, the amphipod Gammarus fossarum and the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. The species have been caged upstream and downstream from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Meuse watershed. After the exposure, a battery of biomarkers was measured and results were compiled in an Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) for each species. A multispecies IBR value was then proposed to assess the quality of the receiving environment upstream the WWTPs. The effluent toxicity was variable according to the caged species and the WWTP. However, the calculated IBR were high for all species and upstream sites, suggesting that the water quality was already downgraded upstream the WWTP. This contamination of the receiving environment was confirmed by the multispecies IBR which has allowed to rank the rivers from the less to the most contaminated. This study has demonstrated the interest of the IBR in the assessment of biological impacts of a point-source contamination (WWTP effluent) but also of the receiving environment, thanks to the use of independent references. Moreover, this study has highlighted the complementarity between the different species and has emphasized the interest of this multispecies approach to consider the variability of the species exposition pathway and sensibility as well as the mechanism of contaminants toxicity in the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Catteau
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- Institut National de l'Environnement et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Anne Bado-Nilles
- Institut National de l'Environnement et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Marc Bonnard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise David
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Odile Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Laurence Delahaut
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adeline François
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laura Garnero
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christelle Lopes
- Université de Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Katherine Nott
- La société wallonne des eaux, rue de la Concorde 41, 4800 Verviers, Belgium
| | - Patrice Noury
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Palluel
- Institut National de l'Environnement et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Hervé Quéau
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Ronkart
- La société wallonne des eaux, rue de la Concorde 41, 4800 Verviers, Belgium
| | - Khadija Sossey-Alaoui
- Département des Sciences et Gestion de L'environnement (Arlon Campus Environnement), Eau, Environnement, Développement Sphères Bât. BE-009 Eau, Environnement, Développement, Avenue de Longwy 185, 6700 Arlon, Belgium
| | - Cyril Turiès
- Institut National de l'Environnement et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Bernard Tychon
- Département des Sciences et Gestion de L'environnement (Arlon Campus Environnement), Eau, Environnement, Développement Sphères Bât. BE-009 Eau, Environnement, Développement, Avenue de Longwy 185, 6700 Arlon, Belgium
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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Liu L, Wu Q, Miao X, Fan T, Meng Z, Chen X, Zhu W. Study on toxicity effects of environmental pollutants based on metabolomics: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131815. [PMID: 34375834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the toxic effects of environmental pollutants on non-target organisms have received more and more attention. As a new omics technology, metabolomics can clarify the metabolic homeostasis of the organism at the overall level by studying the changes in the relative contents of endogenous metabolites in the organism. Recently, a large number of studies have used metabolomics technology to study the toxic effects of environmental pollutants on organisms. In this review, we reviewed the analysis processes and data processes of metabolomics and its application in the study of the toxic effects of environmental pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and microplastics. In addition, we emphasized that the combination of metabolomics and other omics technologies will help to explore the toxic mechanism of environmental pollutants and provide new research ideas for the toxicological evaluation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qinchao Wu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinyi Miao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Tianle Fan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Świsłowski P, Hrabák P, Wacławek S, Liskova K, Antos V, Rajfur M, Ząbkowska-Wacławek M. The Application of Active Biomonitoring with the Use of Mosses to Identify Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Atmospheric Aerosol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237258. [PMID: 34885844 PMCID: PMC8659324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biological indicators of environmental quality is an alternative method of monitoring ecosystem pollution. Various groups of contaminants, including organic ones, can be measured in environmental samples. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have not yet been determined by the moss bag technique. This technique uses several moss species simultaneously in urban areas to select the best biomonitoring of these compounds, which are dangerous to humans and the environment. In this research, a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the determination of selected PAHs in three species of mosses: Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum fallax and Dicranum polysetum (active biomonitoring) and for comparison using an air filter reference method for atmospheric aerosol monitoring. The chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII) was also measured to assess changes in moss viability during the study. As a result of the study, the selective accumulation of selected PAHs by mosses was found, with Pleurozium schreberi being the best bioindicator—9 out of 13 PAHs compounds were determined in this species. The photosynthetic yield of photosystem (II) decreased by 81% during the exposure time. The relationship between PAHs concentrations in mosses and the total suspended particles (TSP) on the filter indicated the possibility of using this bioindicator to trace PAHs in urban areas and to apply the moss bag technique as a method supporting classical instrumental air monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22 St., 45-022 Opole, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavel Hrabák
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Klára Liskova
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Vojtěch Antos
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Kominka 6a St., 45-032 Opole, Poland;
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Carrieri V, Fernández JÁ, Aboal JR, Picariello E, De Nicola F. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the devitalized aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica: From laboratory to field conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:1196-1206. [PMID: 34273176 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to test the feasibility of a Fontinalis antipyretica devitalized moss clone to uptake and accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from surface waters. To assess the capability of the devitalized clone to accumulate PAHs, in the laboratory, moss was placed in water and spiked with increasing concentrations of 16 PAHs, and under field conditions, the moss was transplanted to 22 sites of Galicia (Spain) rivers. In general, PAH concentrations in water samples were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations from Directive 2013/39/EU, so the sampling sites did not show water PAH contamination. The exponential accumulation kinetic in the laboratory trial highlights a good capability of the devitalized moss clone to accumulate total PAHs. In field experiments, the hydrogeological conditions and the low emission sources caused low concentrations of PAHs in the water system and, consequently, in the transplants, although an enrichment can be observed for several PAHs. Overall, the devitalized clone of F. antipyretica can uptake and accumulate PAHs in water and may be useful in bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Carrieri
- Dep. of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - José Ángel Fernández
- Dep. of Functional Biology, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Jesús Ramón Aboal
- Dep. of Functional Biology, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Enrica Picariello
- Dep. of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Flavia De Nicola
- Dep. of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
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11
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Hoang AQ, Tu MB, Takahashi S, Kunisue T, Tanabe S. Snakes as bimonitors of environmental pollution: A review on organic contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144672. [PMID: 33513507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring data on organic pollutants published between the late 1960s and 2020 are reviewed to provide comprehensive and updated insights into their bioaccumulation characteristics, sources, and fate in snakes. Multiple organic pollutant classes including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated paraffins, dioxin-related compounds, alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, plasticizers, etc., were detected in various aquatic and terrestrial snake species with concentrations and patterns varying between species and locations. In general, higher concentrations of organic pollutants were found in snakes collected from contaminated sites (e.g., densely populated, pesticide-treated, and waste processing areas), suggesting that snakes can serve as good biomonitors of environmental pollution caused by organic contaminants. Factors influencing concentrations and patterns of organic pollutants in snakes are discussed, providing an overview of current understanding about their accumulation, transformation, and elimination processes. Potential negative effects associated with organic pollutants in snakes and their predators are also considered. Based on such discussions, research gaps and future perspectives on the utilization of snake biomonitoring studies are addressed, heading towards an effective monitoring and assessment scheme for a variety of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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12
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Golzadeh N, Barst BD, Baker JM, Auger JC, McKinney MA. Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the largest contributor to polycyclic aromatic compound concentrations in traditional foods of the Bigstone Cree Nation in Alberta, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116625. [PMID: 33582641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rising global demand for energy promotes extensive mining of natural resources, such as oil sands extractions in Alberta, Canada. These extractive activities release hazardous chemicals into the environment, such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), which include the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, and sulfur-containing heterocyclic dibenzothiophenes (DBTs). In areas adjacent to industrial installations, Indigenous communities may be exposed to these PACs through the consumption of traditional foods. Our objective was to evaluate and compare the concentrations of total PACs (∑PAC), expressed as the sum of the 16 U.S. EPA priority PAHs (∑PAH), 49 alkylated PAHs (∑alkyl-PAH), and 7 DBTs (∑DBT) in plant and animal foods collected in 2015 by the Bigstone Cree Nation in Alberta, Canada. We analyzed 42 plant tissues, 40 animal muscles, 5 ribs, and 4 pooled liver samples. Concentrations of ∑PAC were higher in the lichen, old man's beard (Usnea spp.) (808 ± 116 ng g-1 w.w.), than in vascular plants, and were also higher in smoked moose (Alces alces) rib (461 ± 120 ng g-1 w.w.) than in all other non-smoked animal samples. Alkylated-PAHs accounted for between 63% and 95% of ∑PAC, while the concentrations of ∑PAH represented 4%-36% of ∑PAC. Contributions of ∑DBT to ∑PAC were generally lowest, ranging from <1% to 14%. While the concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) and ∑PAH4 (∑benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and B[a]P) in all samples were below guideline levels for human consumption as determined by the European Commission, guideline levels for the more prevalent alkylated PAHs are not available. Given the predominance of alkylated PAHs in all food samples and the potentially elevated toxicity relative to parent PAHs of this class of PACs, it is critical to consider a broader range of PACs other than just parent PAHs in research conducted close to oil sands mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Golzadeh
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Benjamin D Barst
- Water and Environmental Research Center (WERC), University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Janelle M Baker
- Department of Anthropology, Centre for Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
| | - Josie C Auger
- Nukskahtowin and Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Centre for World Indigenous Knowledge and Research, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa A McKinney
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Yang S, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Liu T, Pu Y, Liang G. Environmental toxicology wars: Organ-on-a-chip for assessing the toxicity of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115861. [PMID: 33120150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a widespread problem, which has seriously threatened human health and led to an increase of human diseases. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate environmental pollutants quickly and efficiently. Because of obvious inter-species differences between animals and humans, and lack of physiologically-relevant microenvironment, animal models and in vitro two-dimensional (2D) models can not accurately describe toxicological effects and predicting actual in vivo responses. To make up the limitations of conventional environmental toxicology screening, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are increasingly developing. OOC systems can provide a well-organized architecture with comparable to the complex microenvironment in vivo and generate realistic responses to environmental pollutants. The feasibility, adjustability and reliability of OCC systems make it possible to offer new opportunities for environmental pollutants screening, which can study their metabolism, collective response, and fate in vivo. Further progress can address the challenges to make OCC systems better investigate and evaluate environmental pollutants with high predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210096.
| | - Yanping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
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14
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Castellani F, Massimi L, Vitali M, Canepari S, Guidotti M, Conti ME, Protano C. High spatial resolution analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using transplanted lichen Evernia prunastri: A case study in central Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140590. [PMID: 32629268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of transplanted lichen Evernia (E.) prunastri (L.) to act as a high spatial biomonitoring tool for 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was evaluated at 23 monitoring sites in a very polluted area in central Italy. The selected area is characterized by the presence of numerous emission sources, such as waste-to-energy plant, steel plant, vehicular traffic, and domestic heating. Transplanted E. prunastri proved to be a useful tool to biomonitor PBDEs, due to its ability to bioaccumulate individual congeners in varying concentrations in relation to the strength of the emission sources present over the territory. PBDEs levels widely ranged from 132 to 24,237 ng kg-1 dry weight, according to the sources of emission located around the monitoring sites. The highest concentrations were detected at the sites close to the municipal solid waste incinerator, steel plant, and high busy roads, confirming their important role as PBDEs emissions sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Castellani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Guidotti
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy.
| | - Marcelo Enrique Conti
- Department of Management, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Saniewski M, Wietrzyk-Pełka P, Zalewska T, Osyczka P, Węgrzyn MH. Impact of distance from the glacier on the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in the lichen Cetrariella delisei. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127433. [PMID: 32593004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is substantially a pristine area, but this unique part of the globe has also been contaminated by anthropogenic radioactive nuclides, and now there is still measurable activity of anthropogenic isotopes, even though more than 50 years have passed since the main source. Radionuclides in the Arctic, especially 90Sr have seldom been studied despite their considerable environmental importance. This manuscript covers the results of 90Sr and 137Cs measurements in soil and lichen Cetrariella delisei collected from the Svalbard in 2012. In both lichen thalli and surface soils high activities of 90Sr and 137Cs were recorded and ranged between 3.69 and 28.1 Bq kg-1 90Sr and 5.38-280.1 Bq kg-1137Cs in thalli and between 4.53 and 12.78 Bq kg-1dw 90Sr and 60.6-426.1 Bq kg-1dw 137Cs in surface soil layer. The activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in lichen thalli was influenced by distance from the glacier. This showed that during radionuclide biomonitoring of particular area with the use of lichens, it is important to take into account influence of environmental variability on radionuclides contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Waszyngtona 42, PL-81-342, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - P Wietrzyk-Pełka
- Professor Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - T Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Waszyngtona 42, PL-81-342, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - P Osyczka
- Professor Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - M H Węgrzyn
- Professor Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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16
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Gulan L, Jakšić T, Milenkovic B, Stajic JM, Vasić P, Simić Z, Zlatić N. Mosses as bioindicators of radionuclide and metal pollution in northern Kosovo and Metohija mountain region. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Malandrino P, Russo M, Gianì F, Pellegriti G, Vigneri P, Belfiore A, Rizzarelli E, Vigneri R. Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Volcanic Areas: A Role of Increased Heavy Metals in the Environment? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103425. [PMID: 32408629 PMCID: PMC7279170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence is significantly increased in volcanic areas, where relevant non-anthropogenic pollution with heavy metals is present in the environment. This review will discuss whether chronic lifelong exposure to slightly increased levels of metals can contribute to the increase in thyroid cancer in the residents of a volcanic area. The influence of metals on living cells depends on the physicochemical properties of the metals and their interaction with the target cell metallostasis network, which includes transporters, intracellular binding proteins, and metal-responsive elements. Very little is known about the carcinogenic potential of slightly increased metal levels on the thyroid, which might be more sensitive to mutagenic damage because of its unique biology related to iodine, which is a very reactive and strongly oxidizing agent. Different mechanisms could explain the specific carcinogenic effect of borderline/high environmental levels of metals on the thyroid, including (a) hormesis, the nonlinear response to chemicals causing important biological effects at low concentrations; (b) metal accumulation in the thyroid relative to other tissues; and (c) the specific effects of a mixture of different metals. Recent evidence related to all of these mechanisms is now available, and the data are compatible with a cause–effect relationship between increased metal levels in the environment and an increase in thyroid cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology and the Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute (Catania Section), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute (Catania Section), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-759-8747
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18
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Jin R, Bu D, Liu G, Zheng M, Lammel G, Fu J, Yang L, Li C, Habib A, Yang Y, Liu X. New classes of organic pollutants in the remote continental environment - Chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105574. [PMID: 32078871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic and ubiquitous environmental organic pollutants. The abundance and sources of these compounds have not been studied in remote environments. We collected and analyzed air, soil, lichen, and moss samples from the Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 0.78-4.16 pg/m3 in air, 3.11-297 pg/g in soil, 260-741 pg/g in lichens, and 338-934 pg/g in mosses. Concentrations of brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 0.15-0.59 pg/m3 in air, 0.61-72.3 pg/g in soil, 33.5-64.9 pg/g in lichens, and 20.5-72.5 pg/g in mosses. The dominant congeners were 9- and 2-chlorophenanthrene, 1-chloropyrene, 3-chlorofluoranthene, and 1-bromopyrene. We found correlations between congener concentrations in lichens and in air, and lichens effectively predicted near-ground atmospheric concentrations of the pollutants. The enrichment of photochemically stable compounds in high-altitude environments is influenced by their physicochemical properties. Principal component analysis with multivariate linear regression of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured in lichens provided an assessment of the relative source contributions, and suggested that in Medog County of Tibetan Plateau, 48% was likely from long-range combustion sources, 26% was from local burning sources, and 26% was from photochemical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Duo Bu
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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19
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Fortuna L, Incerti G, Da Re D, Mazzilis D, Tretiach M. Validation of particulate dispersion models by native lichens as point receptors: a case study from NE Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13384-13395. [PMID: 32020451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric dispersion model (ADM) simulations are increasingly used as management tools in air pollution monitoring programs, even in the absence of proper validation. Biomonitors can provide important information for ADM validation, but an open question is their temporal frame of application, particularly when native organisms are used. In this study, we tested two alternative ADM simulating the total suspended particulate (TSP) released by a coal power station, against the element content of two native lichens collected at 40 sites, integrated by soil samples. The ADM simulations differed by the time references: the 6-month period preceding lichen sampling, approximately corresponding to the estimated age of the samples (Mod. A), and the whole year 2005, representative of the local average conditions and used in the plant authorization processes (Mod. B). A generalized regression model analysis clearly showed that the Cr, Pb and V content of lichen samples was spatially associated to the outcomes of Mod. A, but not with Mod. B. Interestingly, the Cr content of lichen samples consistently correlated to TSP concentration predicted by Mod. A along two transects placed downwind from the coal power station. This result was corroborated by an air particulate matter sampling which pointed out that air Cr concentrations increased during the operative period of the source. Overall, our results suggest that lichen bioaccumulation data can proficiently be used to validate ADM simulations if the exposure time of the biological samples is consistent with the temporal domain of the ADM simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, I-33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Da Re
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Denis Mazzilis
- Laboratorio Analisi Matrici ambientali e Matrici Sanitarie, Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione dell'Ambiente, Via Colugna, 42, I-33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
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20
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Dauphin CE, Durand A, Lubonis K, Wortham H, Dron J. Quantification of monosaccharide anhydrides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in lichen samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Winkler A, Caricchi C, Guidotti M, Owczarek M, Macrì P, Nazzari M, Amoroso A, Di Giosa A, Listrani S. Combined magnetic, chemical and morphoscopic analyses on lichens from a complex anthropic context in Rome, Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1355-1368. [PMID: 31470497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Native and transplanted lichens were analyzed as bioaccumulators of airborne particulate matter (PM) in an eastern district of Rome, Italy, where frequent fraudulent fires are set to recover metals, mostly copper, from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The presence of native lichens was scarce, due to the drought of spring-summer 2017, thus, sampling was extended to a neighboring area for toughening the dataset to a similar context. The magnetic analyses revealed intense properties connected to the anthropic complexity of the zone, where industrial, traffic and arson-related dusts are emitted and bio-accumulated. Magnetic and chemical analyses were compared, leading to significant linear correlations between the concentration dependent magnetic parameters (susceptibility, saturation magnetization and saturation remanence) and the concentration of heavy metals, among which copper, chrome, lead and zinc. Moreover, selected magnetic particles were chemically and morphologically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersion System microanalyses. Magnetic particles resulted incorporated into the lichens' tissues and their composition, morphology and grain size strongly supported their anthropogenic, mostly combustion-related, origin. Even if, given the complexity of the area, it was not feasible to fully discriminate the multiple anthropogenic sources, magnetic biomonitoring of lichens, especially when combined with microtextural and compositional analyses, confirmed to be an excellent methodology for a rapid characterization of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Winkler
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Caricchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Guidotti
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome and Rieti, Italy.
| | - Malgorzata Owczarek
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome and Rieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Macrì
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuela Nazzari
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome and Rieti, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Giosa
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome and Rieti, Italy.
| | - Stefano Listrani
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome and Rieti, Italy.
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Vitali M, Antonucci A, Owczarek M, Guidotti M, Astolfi ML, Manigrasso M, Avino P, Bhattacharya B, Protano C. Air quality assessment in different environmental scenarios by the determination of typical heavy metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in native lichen Xanthoria parietina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113013. [PMID: 31415978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate the ability of native lichen Xanthoria (X.) parietina to biomonitor and bioaccumulate some heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb), PAHs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs and to evaluate the use of the native X. parietina as a multi-tracer tool for scenarios characterized by different anthropogenic pressures. Samples of native X. parietina were collected in six different sites (two green, two residential and two industrial areas, respectively) and analyzed for the target compounds. The results show that X. parietina was a useful tool for the biomonitoring of air quality in the selected areas, and was able to bioaccumulate all the studied metals and POPs. In particular, the total concentrations dry weight (dw) ranged between 8.1 and 103.4 mg kg-1 for metals, from 113 × 103 to 183 × 103 ng kg-1 for PAHs, from 868 to 7685 ng kg-1 for PCBs, from 14.3 to 113.8 ng kg-1 for PCDDs/Fs (∑TEq = 0.9-7.1), and from 194 to 554 ng kg-1 for PBDEs. Besides, in general, the levels of analytes recovered in the different samples of lichen show an increasing trend from green to industrial sites, especially for PCBs (mean values equal to 1218, 4253 and 7192 ng kg-1 respectively for green, residential and industrial areas). The statistical approach, based on Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis tests, showed that one of the industrial sites was well-separated from the others, that resulted grouped due to some similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Antonucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Owczarek
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guidotti
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Manigrasso
- Department of Technological Innovations, INAIL, via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy; Institute of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Sciences, In-700156 Kolkata, India
| | - Badal Bhattacharya
- Institute of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Sciences, In-700156 Kolkata, India
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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Zhao J, Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu F, Huang K, Lin K. Insight into the tolerance, biochemical and antioxidative response in three moss species on exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-209. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:445-454. [PMID: 31228820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Responses of Hypnum plumaeforme, Thuidium cymbifolium, and Plagiomnium cuspidatum to short-term (96 h) BDE-47 and BDE-209(0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5 μM, respectively) stress were investigated. Both BDE-47 and BDE-209 increased the lipid peroxidation in the three moss species, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the elevated concentration of contaminants, and followed the order: P. cuspidatum > H. plumaeforme > T. cymbifolium on exposure to different concentrations. BDE-47 and BDE-209 stimulated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity of the three moss species, indicating that they played an important role in preventing oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was positively correlated with the level of contaminants. The response of anti-oxidative enzymes to BDE-47 and BDE-209 stress differed among the three species. At 5 μM BDE-47 and BDE-209 treatment, the chlorophyll content of T. cymbifolium was even a little higher than the control group. Proline played an important role for the scavenging of ROS in P. cuspidatum and T. cymbifolium. In summary, BDE-47 was more toxic to the three moss species than BDE-209. P. cuspidatum was the most sensitive and T. cymbifolium was the most tolerant species to BDE-47 and BDE-209 stress. The strong resistance and tolerance of T. cymbifolium, combined with sensitive/moderate anti-oxidative response could elucidate its potential use as bio-indicator in the ecological risk assessment of BDE-47 and BDE-209 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fuwen Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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24
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Recent Advances in Spectroscopy Technology for Trace Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have attracted significant attention because of their bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity. As anthropogenic products, POPs mainly contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and they pose a great threat to human health and the environment. To deal with these toxic contaminants, many different kinds of strategies for sensitively detecting POPs have been developed, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and fluorescence. This paper mainly summarized the achievements of spectroscopy technologies, which generally consist of SERS, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence, in the detection of low-concentration POPs in different matrices. In addition, a retrospective summary is made on several critical considerations, such as sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of these spectroscopy technologies in practical applications. Finally, some current challenges and future outlooks for these spectroscopy technologies are provided in regards to environmental analysis.
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25
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Wang X, Wang C, Zhu T, Gong P, Fu J, Cong Z. Persistent organic pollutants in the polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau: A review of current knowledge and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:191-208. [PMID: 30784838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low temperatures, the Arctic, Antarctic and Tibetan Plateau are known as the three polar regions of the Earth. As the most remote regions of the globe, the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in these polar regions arouses global concern. In this paper, we review the literatures on POPs involving these three polar regions. Overall, concentrations of POPs in the environment (air, water, soil and biota) have been extensively reported, with higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) detected on the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of POPs in air, water and soil in the three polar regions broadly reflects their distances away from source regions. Based on long-term data, decreasing trends have been observed for most "legacy POPs". Observations of transport processes of POPs among multiple media have also been carried out, including air-water gas exchange, air-soil gas exchange, emissions from melting glaciers, bioaccumulations along food chains, and exposure risks. The impact of climate change on these processes possibly enhances the re-emission processes of POPs out of water, soil and glaciers, and reduces the bioaccumulation of POPs in food chains. Global POPs transport model have shown the Arctic receives a relatively small fraction of POPs, but that climate change will likely increase the total mass of all compounds in this polar region. Considering the impact of climate change on POPs is still unclear, long-term monitoring data and global/regional models are required, especially in the Antarctic and on the Tibetan Plateau, and the fate of POPs in all three polar regions needs to be comprehensively studied and compared to yield a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the global cycling of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Herzig R, Lohmann N, Meier R. Temporal change of the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lichens in Switzerland between 1995 and 2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10562-10575. [PMID: 30762185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the temporal change of atmospheric deposition patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Switzerland between 1995 and 2014 by a passive biomonitoring with lichens. Lichen tissues sampled at 16 representative sites in the same season of 1995 and 2014 were analyzed for a total of 94 individual and 27 sum parameters of POPs and PAHs by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The comparative analyses showed a decrease of 40 to 80% (medians) for most of the POPs and PAHs concentration in lichens at all site categories. Reduction in tissue concentration of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/PCDFs), such as the highly toxic 2,3,7,8-TetraCDD and the TEQ according to WHO (2005) were 66% and 73%, respectively. For the dioxin- and non-dioxin-like PCBs, a decrease of 67% and 58% was found. The average decrease of 30 organochlorine pesticides and insecticides (OCPs) was 65%, with a 94% decrease for lindane. For the 27 PAHs and for benzo(a)pyrene, an average decrease of 58% and 59% was found. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) showed reduced concentrations in lichens at rural and agglomeration sites, but an increase of contamination was observed at industrial and road traffic sites. The direct comparison of changes of POPs and PAHs concentrations in lichens and of emissions between 1995 and 2014 revealed consistent results. The results of this study highlight for the first time in biota the positive effect of emission regulation of POPs in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Herzig
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Bioindikation, Umweltbeobachtung und ökologische Planung, Quartiergasse 12, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Reto Meier
- Air Pollution Control and Chemicals Division, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Bern, Switzerland
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Al-Alam J, Chbani A, Faljoun Z, Millet M. The use of vegetation, bees, and snails as important tools for the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9391-9408. [PMID: 30715709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discharge of diverse chemical products in the environment is nowadays of great concern to the whole world as some of them persist in the environment leading to serious diseases. Several sampling techniques have been used for the characterization of this chemical pollution, although biomonitoring using natural samplers has recently become the technique of choice in this field due to its efficiency, specificity, and low cost. In fact, several living organisms known as biomonitors could accumulate the well-known persistent environmental pollutants allowing their monitoring in the environment. In this work, a review on environmental biomonitoring is presented. The main sampling techniques used for monitoring environmental pollutants are first reported, followed by an overview on well-known natural species used as passive samplers and known as biomonitors. These species include conifer needles, lichen, mosses, bees and their byproducts, and snails, and were widely used in recent research as reliable monitors for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Asma Chbani
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Faljoun
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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28
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Izquierdo-Díaz M, Holm PE, Barrio-Parra F, De Miguel E, Lekfeldt JDS, Magid J. Urban Allotment Gardens for the Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Trace Element Pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:518-525. [PMID: 30951104 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.06.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the results of the characterization of air pollution in urban green areas using edible plants. To this purpose, we examined the effect of location (i.e., three different levels of pollution), substrate (peat moss and vermiculite), and plant species (oilseed rape [ L.] and kale [ L.]) on the accumulation of trace elements on leaves. A total of 36 samples of unwashed leaves were digested with HNO-HO and analyzed for 27 elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Considering the location, plants exposed next to the road showed higher contents of traffic-related elements, and additionally, outdoors samples were enriched in marine aerosol ions. Cadmium and Pb concentrations did not exceed the European legal maximum levels for vegetables, so their consumption would be safe for human health. Results support the hypothesis that edible plants such as kale and rapeseed could be used as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution.
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29
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Spinedi N, Rojas N, Storb R, Cabrera J, Aranda E, Salierno M, Svriz M, Scervino JM. Exploring the response of Marchantia polymorpha: Growth, morphology and chlorophyll content in the presence of anthracene. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:570-574. [PMID: 30429053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified as hazardous contaminants that are ubiquitous and persistent in aquatic environments, where bryophytes sensu lato (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are frequently present. Marchantia polymorpha (Class Hepaticae; thalloid liverwort) is known to respond fast to changes in the environment; it accumulates toxic substances in its tissues due to the lack of vascular and radicular systems and a reduced or absent cuticle. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effects of increasing concentrations of anthracene (0, 50 100, 280 μM) on the germination of propagules, plant morphology and chlorophyll content index (CCI) in M. polymorpha under in vitro cultures. The results show that anthracene had no statistical effect on germination or propagula formation. However, plants exposed to anthracene for 30 days showed significantly lowered the content of chlorophyll (measured as CCI), irregular growth patterns and the induction of thalli asexual reproduction as evidenced by the production of multicellular viable propagules in gemmae cups. Results of epifluorescence microscopy also showed concomitant accumulation of anthracene in the cell walls. All of these distinctive morphological and physiological adaptive responses indicators, clearly suggest that M. polymorpha are capable of resisting high (coal tar) anthracene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Spinedi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Nadia Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Romina Storb
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Juan Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, Fray Luís 4, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Maya Svriz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - José Martín Scervino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina.
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30
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Hanedar A, Güneş E, Kaykioğlu G, Çelik SÖ, Cabi E. Presence and distributions of POPS in soil, atmospheric deposition, and bioindicator samples in an industrial-agricultural area in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 191:42. [PMID: 30593594 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected in the soil, lichen pine needle, and total deposition samples in the Meriç-Ergene Basin, which is one of the most important regions in terms of industrial and agricultural activities in Turkey. POP concentrations were measured in 192 samples selected to represent four seasons over a 1-year period across four different regions: an intensive industrial area, an industrial + residential area, an agricultural area, and a background area. Total PAH concentrations are found in the range of 69.6-887.6 ng/g, 74.6-1277.7 ng/g, 113.4-588.9 ng/g, and 0.00-937.8 ng/m2-day; total PCB concentrations are 9.98-62.9 ng/g, 6.8-68.1 ng/g, 11.3-32.7 ng/g, and 0.00-144.4 ng/m2-day; total OCPs concentrations are 5.9-83.2 ng/g, 7.3-85.6 ng/g, 9.9-97.1 ng/g, and 0.00-137.6 ng/m2-day respectively for soil, lichen, pine needles, and bulk samples. The data were evaluated according to pollutant groups and spatial and temporal changes. The highest PAH and PCB values were detected in lichen samples from industrial areas. The highest OCP values were detected for total deposition and soil samples and in the agricultural area. The results showed that two- to three-ring PAHs, hepta-PCBs, and cyclodienes were the most widespread pollutant groups. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the accumulation and indication properties of the matrices in the study for 0.05 significance level. The pollutant group in which matrices are most similar is PAHs. Total deposition samples showed the most different pattern in terms of indications, especially for PCBs. For OCP results, the concentration values obtained in soil samples were different from all other matrices. It was determined that the indication properties of the matrices identified as pollutant indicators differ markedly from the pollutant type, and this difference is at the lowest level for PAH pollutants. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asude Hanedar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Elçin Güneş
- Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Gül Kaykioğlu
- Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Suna Özden Çelik
- Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Evren Cabi
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Biology Department, Namik Kemal University, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
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31
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Chen L, Xiao Y, Li Y, Shen Z. Construction of the hydrological condition-persistent organic pollutants relationship in the Yangtze River Estuary. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:544-551. [PMID: 30145481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With anthropogenic activities, the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in estuary has been notably concern but the influences of complex hydrodynamic conditions on the fate of POPs in estuary have not fully understood. In this study, the bottom velocity and the concentration of suspended sediment in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) were determined using the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), while the concentration of three typical POPs with distinguishing properties, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organichlorine pesticides (OCPs), were determined simultaneously. Then three nonlinear equations were determined for identifying the hotspots of PCBs, OCPs and PAHs in the YRE. The results indicated the goodness-of-fitting of these three equations were satisfactory, indicating the bottom velocity and the suspended sediment level could be used as the reference factor of POPs. For the YRE, the north branch, the upstream of the north branch, and the mouth of the YRE are identified as the hotspots of PCBs, PAHs and OCPs, especially in the normal, flood and dry season, respectively. Simple structure and easy data availability make the results and methods presented in this paper to be easily used as a reference for POPs studies in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, NO.19, Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yuechen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, NO.19, Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, NO.19, Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, NO.19, Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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32
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KOCH NATÁLIAMOSSMANN, LUCHETA FABIANE, KÄFFER MÁRCIAISABEL, MARTINS SUZANAMARIADEAZEVEDO, VARGAS VERAMARIAFERRÃO. Air quality assessment in different urban areas from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, using lichen transplants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:2233-2248. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NATÁLIA MOSSMANN KOCH
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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33
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Guo X, Feng C. Biological toxicity response of Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) to pollutants in surface water and sediment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:56-70. [PMID: 29524903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a typical test species, Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) is widely used in the identification and evaluation of freshwater toxicity. This study provides a summary of the research published from 1979 to 2018. The focus was on the bioaccumulation, morphological and behavioral changes, and biochemical index alterations of Corbicula fluminea to target pollutants (i.e., ammonia, metal(loid)s, and organic chemicals) in surface water and sediment. The applications on the evaluation of actual aquatic pollution, determination of toxicological mechanisms, prediction of toxicity, and bioremediation are also specifically discussed. The primary purpose is to facilitate the comprehensive understanding and accurate application of Corbicula fluminea in freshwater ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenghong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Ratier A, Dron J, Revenko G, Austruy A, Dauphin CE, Chaspoul F, Wafo E. Characterization of atmospheric emission sources in lichen from metal and organic contaminant patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8364-8376. [PMID: 29307061 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lichen samples from contrasted environments, influenced by various anthropic activities, were investigated focusing on the contaminant signatures according to the atmospheric exposure typologies. Most of the contaminant concentrations measured in the 27 lichen samples, collected around the industrial harbor of Fos-sur-Mer (France), were moderate in rural and urban environments, and reached extreme levels in industrial areas and neighboring cities (Al up to 6567 mg kg-1, Fe 42,398 mg kg-1, or ΣPAH 1417 μg kg-1 for example). At the same time, a strong heterogeneity was noticed in industrial samples while urban and rural ones were relatively homogeneous. Several metals could be associated to steel industry (Fe, Mn, Cd), road traffic, and agriculture (Sb, Cu, Sn), or to a distinct chemical installation (Mo). As well, PCDFs dominated in industrial samples while PCDDs prevailed in urban areas. The particularities observed supported the purpose of this work and discriminated the contributions of various atmospheric pollution emission sources in lichen samples. A statistical approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and resolved these potential singularities into specific component factors. Even if a certain degree of mixing of the factors is pointed out, relevant relationships were observed with several atmospheric emission sources. By this methodology, the contribution of industrial emissions to the atmospheric metal, PAH, PCB, and PCDD/F levels was roughly estimated to be 60.2%, before biomass burning (10.2%) and road traffic (3.8%). These results demonstrate that lichen biomonitoring offers an encouraging perspective of spatially resolved source apportionment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Ratier
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 avenue de la Doua-CS20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Julien Dron
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Gautier Revenko
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Annabelle Austruy
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Charles-Enzo Dauphin
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Florence Chaspoul
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Prévention des risques et Nuisances Technologiques, IMBE, UMR 7263 CNRS/IRD/Aix Marseille Université/Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Wafo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, IMBE UMR 7263 CNRS/IRD237-UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA1260/NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique-UMR 910 Génétique, Aix-Marseille Université/Université d'Avignon, Marseille, France
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Vieira J, Matos P, Mexia T, Silva P, Lopes N, Freitas C, Correia O, Santos-Reis M, Branquinho C, Pinho P. Green spaces are not all the same for the provision of air purification and climate regulation services: The case of urban parks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:306-313. [PMID: 29040950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population concentrated in urban areas lead to the increase of road traffic and artificial areas, consequently enhancing air pollution and urban heat island effects, among others. These environmental changes affect citizen's health, causing a high number of premature deaths, with considerable social and economic costs. Nature-based solutions are essential to ameliorate those impacts in urban areas. While the mere presence of urban green spaces is pointed as an overarching solution, the relative importance of specific vegetation structure, composition and management to improve the ecosystem services of air purification and climate regulation are overlooked. This avoids the establishment of optimized planning and management procedures for urban green spaces with high spatial resolution and detail. Our aim was to understand the relative contribution of vegetation structure, composition and management for the provision of ecosystem services of air purification and climate regulation in urban green spaces, in particular the case of urban parks. This work was done in a large urban park with different types of vegetation surrounded by urban areas. As indicators of microclimatic effects and of air pollution levels we selected different metrics: lichen diversity and pollutants accumulation in lichens. Among lichen diversity, functional traits related to nutrient and water requirements were used as surrogates of the capacity of vegetation to filter air pollution and to regulate climate, and provide air purification and climate regulation ecosystem services, respectively. This was also obtained with very high spatial resolution which allows detailed spatial planning for optimization of ecosystem services. We found that vegetation type characterized by a more complex structure (trees, shrubs and herbaceous layers) and by the absence of management (pruning, irrigation and fertilization) had a higher capacity to provide the ecosystems services of air purification and climate regulation. By contrast, lawns, which have a less complex structure and are highly managed, were associated to a lower capacity to provide these services. Tree plantations showed an intermediate effect between the other two types of vegetation. Thus, vegetation structure, composition and management are important to optimize green spaces capacity to purify air and regulate climate. Taking this into account green spaces can be managed at high spatial resolutions to optimize these ecosystem services in urban areas and contribute to improve human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vieira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paula Matos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Mexia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif´cio Prof. Azevedo Gomes, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility of the City Council of Almada.
| | - Nuno Lopes
- Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility of the City Council of Almada.
| | - Catarina Freitas
- Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility of the City Council of Almada.
| | - Otília Correia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Santos-Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal.
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Kodnik D, Winkler A, Candotto Carniel F, Tretiach M. Biomagnetic monitoring and element content of lichen transplants in a mixed land use area of NE Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:858-867. [PMID: 28426984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether it is possible to discriminate between the different pollution sources present in a mixed land use area of NE Italy on the basis of the magnetic properties and the element content of lichen transplants. Thalli of Pseudevernia furfuracea were collected in a pristine area of the South-Eastern Alps and exposed for 2months in 40 sites located at the knots of a 700m step grid covering ca. 40km2 of a mosaic of agricultural, forested, industrial and urban areas. In this way, the samples could be analyzed after a defined period of time, and compared to pre-exposure conditions. The post-exposure element content and the magnetic data substantially agreed, revealing a rather modest anthropogenic impact on the territory, mostly limited to an industrial park. Since the magnetic mineralogy was homogeneous throughout the entire set of samples, with magnetite-like minerals as the main magnetic carriers, it was not possible to discriminate between PM originating from the different pollution sources. The contribution given by the industrial park could be confirmed by the multivariate analysis of the element data set. Conversely, it was possible to assess the low environmental impact of the largest local industry, a cement plant, located outside the industrial park. Notwithstanding the relatively short time of the survey, P. furfuracea was proven to be an effective accumulator for biomagnetic monitoring studies, its magnetic properties being excellent proxies for heavy metal pollution even when the anthropogenic impact on the territory is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Kodnik
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Aldo Winkler
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Roma, Italy.
| | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Serrano HC, Köbel M, Palma-Oliveira J, Pinho P, Branquinho C. Mapping Exposure to Multi-Pollutants Using Environmental Biomonitors-A Multi-Exposure Index. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:710-718. [PMID: 28569646 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1286930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmosphere is a major pathway for transport and deposition of pollutants in the environment. In industrial areas, organic compounds are released or formed as by-products, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F's). Inorganic chemical elements, including lead and arsenic, are also part of the pollutants mixture, and even in low concentrations may potentially be toxic and carcinogenic. However, assessing the spatial pattern of their deposition is difficult due to high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Lichens have been used as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition, because these organisms encompass greater spatial detail than air monitoring stations and provide an integration of overall pollution. Based upon the ability of lichens to concentrate pollutants such as PCDD/F and chemical elements, the main objectives of this study were to develop a new semi-quantitative multi-pollutant toxicity exposure index (TEQ-like), derived from risk estimates, in an attempt to correlate several atmospheric pollutants to human exposure levels. The actual pollutant concentrations were measured in the environment, from biomonitors (organisms that integrate multi-pollutants), enabling interpolation and mapping of contaminant deposition within the region. Thus, the TEQ-like index provides a spatial representation not from absolute accumulation of the different pollutants, but from the accumulation weighted by their relative risk. The assessment of environmental human exposure to multi-pollutants through atmospheric deposition may be applied to industries to improve mitigation processes or to health stakeholders to target populations for a comprehensive risk assessment, epidemiological studies, and health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Serrano
- a Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Melanie Köbel
- a Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Pinho
- a Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
- c Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment (CERENA ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- a Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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Domínguez-Morueco N, Augusto S, Trabalón L, Pocurull E, Borrull F, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Nadal M. Monitoring PAHs in the petrochemical area of Tarragona County, Spain: comparing passive air samplers with lichen transplants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11890-11900. [PMID: 26493300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 8 passive air samples (PAS) and 6 lichen transplants (Ramalina fastigiata) deployed for a period of 2 months in different zones of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain), an area with an important number of chemical and petrochemical industries. The accumulated amount of the sum of the 16 PAHs ranged between 1363 to 7866 ng/sample in air samples. The highest concentration was found in the neighborhood of Puigdelfí (village of Perafort), in the vicinity of a big oil refinery and well under the potential influence of the petrochemical emissions. In lichen samples, the sum of the 16 PAHs ranged between 247 and 841 ng/g (dry weight), being the greatest value also observed in Puigdelfí. Data on the levels and profiles of PAHs in both passive monitoring methods were compared. A significant positive linear correlation was found between the concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs in lichens and the amounts accumulated in passive air samples (R = 0.827, P < 0.05), being especially significant the correlation of 4-ring PAHs (R = 0.941, P < 0.05). These results strongly suggest that lichens can be used to monitor gas-phase PAHs, providing data that can be quantitatively translated into equivalents for air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Domínguez-Morueco
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sofia Augusto
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Laura Trabalón
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Santos A, Pinho P, Munzi S, Botelho MJ, Palma-Oliveira JM, Branquinho C. The role of forest in mitigating the impact of atmospheric dust pollution in a mixed landscape. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12038-12048. [PMID: 28401393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric dust pollution, especially particulate matter below 2.5 μm, causes 3.3 million premature deaths per year worldwide. Although pollution sources are increasingly well known, the role of ecosystems in mitigating their impact is still poorly known. Our objective was to investigate the role of forests located in the surrounding of industrial and urban areas in reducing atmospheric dust pollution. This was tested using lichen transplants as biomonitors in a Mediterranean regional area with high levels of dry deposition. After a multivariate analysis, we have modeled the maximum pollution load expected for each site taking into consideration nearby pollutant sources. The difference between maximum expected pollution load and the observed values was explained by the deposition in nearby forests. Both the dust pollution and the ameliorating effect of forested areas were then mapped. The results showed that forest located nearby pollution sources plays an important role in reducing atmospheric dust pollution, highlighting their importance in the provision of the ecosystem service of air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (CERENA-IST-UL), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Silvana Munzi
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - José Manuel Palma-Oliveira
- CICPSI, Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica da Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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40
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Studabaker WB, Puckett KJ, Percy KE, Landis MS. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dibenzothiophene, and alkylated homologs in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes by gas chromatography using single quadrupole mass spectrometry and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Soil Contamination and Human Health: A Major Challenge for Global Soil Security. PROGRESS IN SOIL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43394-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Suvarapu LN, Baek SO. Review on the Concentrations of Benzo[a]pyrene in the Indian Environment Since 1983. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1140658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Ok Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
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43
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Development of an analytical method to determine oxy-PAHs and PAHs in Taxus baccata leaves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:335-347. [PMID: 27783122 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and optimized for the quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 oxygenated PAHs in Taxus baccata leaves. Emphasis was given to the development of an in-cell cleanup step using pressurized solvent extraction, a cleanup step using solid-phase extraction, and the instrumental analysis by GC-HRMS. Different extraction temperatures (between 50 and 200 °C) and Florisil quantities were evaluated for the extraction process. Based on the evaluation of both recoveries and matrix effect factors, a temperature of 200 °C and 1 g Florisil was selected as the optimum. However, the in-cell cleanup was not sufficient in the long term due to increasing chromatographic peak broadening, and further cleanup was necessary. Solid-phase extraction (using Florisil) was evaluated, and breakthrough curves were acquired for all target compounds to determine the optimal elution volume and avoiding matrix interference. Recoveries of the target compounds ranged from 58 to 87 % for the PAHs and from 5 to 105 % for the oxy-PAHs. Matrix effects were determined for all individual target compounds. The optimized method was applied to T. baccata samples obtained from ten sampling locations in Ghent, Belgium. This is the first biomonitoring study in Ghent for PAHs and oxy-PAHs. The presence of significant amounts of toxicologically relevant oxygenated PAHs (Oxy-PAHs) (can enhance ROS formation in human lung cells) in T. baccata was confirmed (max ∑Oxy-PAHs: 230 ng/g; max ∑PAHs: 389 ng/g). This means that these oxygenated PAHs are important pollutants and should be included in future monitoring studies.
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Koch NM, Branquinho C, Matos P, Pinho P, Lucheta F, Martins SMA, Vargas VMF. The application of lichens as ecological surrogates of air pollution in the subtropics: a case study in South Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20819-20834. [PMID: 27476857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of lichens as ecological surrogates has been an important tool to evaluate the impact of air pollution in both ecosystem and human health but remains underused in the subtropics due to lack of knowledge. Aiming to support the application of lichen as ecological surrogates of the effects of air pollution in the subtropics, we hypothesized that urbanization was an important driver of changes on lichen diversity, composition, and vitality. For that, we quantified several lichen diversity metrics (richness, cover, and community composition) and photobiont vitality in relation to atmospheric pollution or its surrogates (modeled pollutant gases, pollutants in lichen thallus, and land cover). We confirmed that air pollution was a key driver for lichen diversity. Changes in lichen community composition and vitality were very significantly related to air pollution and integrated the effect of multiple stressors (particulate matter, NOx, and Cu), thus being powerful ecological indicators of air pollution in the subtropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália M Koch
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Campo Grande, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
- Botany Department, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Campo Grande, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Matos
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Campo Grande, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinho
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Campo Grande, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fabiane Lucheta
- Botany Department, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Environmental Quality, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia RS 239, 2755, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Suzana M A Martins
- Botany Department, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-000, Brazil
| | - Vera M F Vargas
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil.
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Bajpai R, Mishra S, Dwivedi S, Upreti DK. Change in atmospheric deposition during last half century and its impact on lichen community structure in Eastern Himalaya. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30838. [PMID: 27502030 PMCID: PMC4977567 DOI: 10.1038/srep30838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic fluctuations largely affects species turnover and cause major shifts of terrestrial ecosystem. In the present study the five decade old herbarium specimens of lichens were compared with recent collection from Darjeeling district with respect to elements, PAHs accumulation and carbon isotope composition (δ(13)C) to explore the changes in climatic conditions and its impact on lichen flora. The δ(13)C has increased in recent specimens which is in contrast to the assumption that anthropogenic emission leads to δ(13)C depletion in air and increased carbon discrimination in flora. Study clearly demonstrated an increase in anthropogenic pollution and drastic decrease in precipitation while temperature showed abrupt changes during the past five decades resulting in significant change in lichen community structure. The Usneoid and Pertusorioid communities increased, while Physcioid and Cyanophycean decreased, drastically. Lobarian abolished from the study area, however, Calcicoid has been introduced in the recent past. Probably, post-industrial revolution, the abrupt changes in the environment has influenced CO2 diffusion and/C fixation of (lower) plants either as an adaptation strategy or due to toxicity of pollutants. Thus, the short term studies (≤5 decades) might reflect recent micro-environmental condition and lichen community structure can be used as model to study the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bajpai
- Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity Systematics and Herbarium Division, Lucknow, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Plant Ecology and Environment Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Plant Ecology and Environment Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001, India
| | - Dalip Kumar Upreti
- Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity Systematics and Herbarium Division, Lucknow, India
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Malandrino P, Russo M, Ronchi A, Minoia C, Cataldo D, Regalbuto C, Giordano C, Attard M, Squatrito S, Trimarchi F, Vigneri R. Increased thyroid cancer incidence in a basaltic volcanic area is associated with non-anthropogenic pollution and biocontamination. Endocrine 2016; 53:471-9. [PMID: 26438396 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The increased thyroid cancer incidence in volcanic areas suggests an environmental effect of volcanic-originated carcinogens. To address this problem, we evaluated environmental pollution and biocontamination in a volcanic area of Sicily with increased thyroid cancer incidence. Thyroid cancer epidemiology was obtained from the Sicilian Regional Registry for Thyroid Cancer. Twenty-seven trace elements were measured by quadrupole mass spectrometry in the drinking water and lichens (to characterize environmental pollution) and in the urine of residents (to identify biocontamination) in the Mt. Etna volcanic area and in adjacent control areas. Thyroid cancer incidence was 18.5 and 9.6/10(5) inhabitants in the volcanic and the control areas, respectively. The increase was exclusively due to the papillary histotype. Compared with control areas, in the volcanic area many trace elements were increased in both drinking water and lichens, indicating both water and atmospheric pollution. Differences were greater for water. Additionally, in the urine of the residents of the volcanic area, the average levels of many trace elements were significantly increased, with values higher two-fold or more than in residents of the control area: cadmium (×2.1), mercury (×2.6), manganese (×3.0), palladium (×9.0), thallium (×2.0), uranium (×2.0), vanadium (×8.0), and tungsten (×2.4). Urine concentrations were significantly correlated with values in water but not in lichens. Our findings reveal a complex non-anthropogenic biocontamination with many trace elements in residents of an active volcanic area where thyroid cancer incidence is increased. The possible carcinogenic effect of these chemicals on the thyroid and other tissues cannot be excluded and should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Ronchi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Center, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Minoia
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Center, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cataldo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetto Regalbuto
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal and Specialist Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Attard
- Unit of Endocrinology, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia, Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Squatrito
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Trimarchi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
- Humanitas, Catania Oncoloy Center, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR (National Research Council), Catania, Italy
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Augusto S, Pinho P, Santos A, Botelho MJ, Palma-Oliveira J, Branquinho C. Tracking the Spatial Fate of PCDD/F Emissions from a Cement Plant by Using Lichens as Environmental Biomonitors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2434-2441. [PMID: 26829341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In an area with multiple sources of air pollution, it is difficult to evaluate the spatial impact of a minor source. Here, we describe the use of lichens to track minor sources of air pollution. The method was tested by transplanting lichens from a background area to the vicinity of a cement manufacturing plant that uses alternative fuel and is located in a Natural Park in an area surrounded by other important sources of pollution. After 7 months of exposure, the lichens were collected and analyzed for 17 PCDD/F congeners. The PCDD/F profiles of the exposed lichens were dominated by TCDF (50%) and OCDD (38%), which matched the profile of the emissions from the cement plant. The similarity in the profiles was greatest for lichens located northeast of the plant (i.e., in the direction of the prevailing winds during the study period), allowing us to evaluate the spatial impact of this source. The best match was found for sites located on the tops of mountains whose slopes faced the cement plant. Some of the sites with highest influence of the cement plant were the ones with the highest concentrations, whereas others were not. Thus, our newly developed lichen-based method provides a tool for tracking the spatial fate of industrially emitted PCDD/Fs regardless of their concentrations. The results showed that the method can be used to validate deposition models for PCDD/F industrial emissions in sites with several sources and characterized by complex orography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL , Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinho
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL , Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (CERENA-IST-UL) , Lisboa, 1649-004 Portugal
| | - Artur Santos
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL , Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - José Palma-Oliveira
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade , Lisboa, 1649-013 Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL , Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Catalá M, Barreno E, Bruand C, Lanfranco L, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide: A Multitask Player in Plant–Microorganism Symbioses. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Mei J, Chen P, Peng P. PCDD/Fs accumulation in pine needles: variation with species and pine needle age. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:563-570. [PMID: 26330320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pine needles have been used for many decades as a cheap and convenient biosampler to monitor atmospheric levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), collectively known as PCDD/Fs. However, it is unknown whether accumulation of PCDD/Fs varies according to pine tree species or pine needle age, which hampers the precise application of this biosampler. We collected 0.3-2.3-year-old pine needles from four different species of pine at three sites in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. The PCDD/Fs were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results show that Pinus massoniana and Cedrus deodara absorbed more PCDD/Fs than Pinus thunbergii and Pinus parviflora at the same site. More cuticular wax and cuticular cell secretions in the pine needles from P. massoniana and C. deodara, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), might explain this discrepancy. The PCDD/Fs concentrations in 0.3-, 1.3-, and 2.3-year-old pine needles, indicated that concentrations increase with ascending age. This may be ascribed to the enhancement of lipids and cuticular waxes with age in pine needles as indicated by the lipid contents and morphologies observed by SEM. Our results may be useful for selecting the species and age of pine needles used for biosampling, especially for monitoring PCDD/Fs in large areas where the pine species growing in one place may differ from those in another place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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50
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Augusto S, Sierra J, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M. Tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lichens: It's all about the algae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:441-445. [PMID: 26319506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, symbioses of fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria, have the remarkable ability to uptake and accumulate semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) from air, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but the mechanism of accumulation is still unknown. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to standardize the use of lichens as environmental bioindicators and to further integrate them in air monitoring networks. Through a series of experiments we show that gas phase PAHs easily cross lichen's surface and accumulate in the photosynthetic algal layer of lichens. Once accumulated, they remain in the algal layer and not within the fungus hyphae, or adhered to lichen's surface, as it was previously supposed to happen. Additionally, when lichens are washed, gas phase PAHs still remain in the algal layer. Our results reveal that lichens may be utilized as bioindicators of gas phase PAHs, overcoming current limitations of air monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- TECNATOX, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Països Catalans, nº 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jordi Sierra
- TECNATOX, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Països Catalans, nº 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Laboratori d'edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- TECNATOX, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Països Catalans, nº 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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