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Lv YZ, Luo XJ, Li QQ, Yang Y, Zeng YH, Mai BX. A new insight into the emission source of DDT in indoor environment from rural area of South China and comprehensive human health exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35189-35199. [PMID: 36527556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and the subsequent risk to human health remain an important concern due to the "new" input of DDTs in the environment, especially since exposure to DDTs in indoor microenvironments is often ignored. In this study, we identified a new source of DDT emission in indoor environments and evaluated the health risk from the exposure to DDTs by investigating DDTs in indoor and outdoor dust, air, and coatings of household items in rural areas of Qingyuan, South China. The concentrations of DDTs in house dust and air were < MQL (method quantification limit)-3450 ng/g (median 42.4 ng/g) and 22.7-965 pg/m3 (median 49.5 pg/m3), respectively, which were significantly higher than the outdoor DDT values. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) was the main isomer in air samples, while DDT was the dominant isomer in indoor dust. Significant correlations between different DDT isomers were observed in indoor samples but not in outdoor samples. Furniture coating was identified as a source of DDTs in the indoor dust. The total daily exposure dose of DDTs (1.75 × 10-2 ng/kg bw/day for adults and 1.28 × 10-1 ng/kg bw/day for toddlers) through inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal contact was found unlikely to pose a health risk. Our findings provide new insights into the emission sources and health risks caused by DDT indoors, highlighting the need to further investigate the toxicity mechanisms of parent DDT compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Qi-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Turner A. Metal contamination of intertidal sediment and macroalgae in an area impacted by paint from abandoned boats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113958. [PMID: 35932725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals commonly employed in boat paint (Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn) have been determined in 63-μm-fractionated intertidal sediments and in Ulva lactuca and Fucus vesiculosus sampled in the vicinity of abandoned vessels. Metal concentrations in sediment were elevated but highly variable, both between sites and amongst replicates from the same site (e.g., mean Cu ~ 100 to 1200 mg kg-1; mean Pb ~ 130 to 6900 mg kg-1) due to heterogeneous contamination by metal-rich boat paint particles. Concentrations of all metals except Zn were higher in U. lactuca than F. vesiculosus but in both species metal levels were also elevated and variable. These observations were attributed to contamination by sediment particles and physical and chemical interactions between fine, suspended or deposited paint particles and the algal surface. The latter interactions act as a means by which boat paint metals may enter the foodchain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Frenken M, Bellanova P, Nishimura Y, Schulte P, Lehmkuhl F, Reicherter K, Schwarzbauer J. Suitable indicators to determine tsunami impact on coastal areas in Northern Japan, Aomori Prefecture. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:385. [PMID: 35445332 PMCID: PMC9021103 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami released and mobilized many anthropogenic and natural organic compounds and, hereby, left a clear signature in its sedimentary remnants. In this study, a wide variety of organic marker substances were analyzed in 15 sediment profiles from the Aomori coast (Northern Japan). Total organic carbon (TOC) and fine grain fraction normalization have been tested with the wide dataset, and the already more frequently used TOC normalization was proven to be the more suitable one. Concentration profiles and specific ratios have been interpreted using two different approaches. Differentiation of marine and terrestrial matter characterized mixing processes due to the tsunami impact. Linking constituents to anthropogenic emission sources pointed not only to pollution revealed by the tsunami damages but also to dispersion processes, in particular erosion, transport, mixing and redeposition of particle-associated contaminants. Both approaches have been proved to identify unambiguously tsunamites in sedimentary archives and to reveal detailed insights into the tsunami-driven dispersion of particle-associated organic matter. Generally, the organic geochemical proxies as tested in this study can be reliably used to identify and characterize tsunami deposits in the sedimentary record. Finally, this strategy can be transferred to other locations affected by tsunamis for an in-depth characterization of the destruction and environmental changes induced by tsunami events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Frenken
- Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Piero Bellanova
- Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuichi Nishimura
- Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Philipp Schulte
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstrasse 5B, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Lehmkuhl
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstrasse 5B, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Reicherter
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Wu CC, Chen LH, Wang Z, Bao LJ, Song L, Zeng EY. Utility of benzothiazoles as markers of tire-derived inputs to estuarine waters assessed by polyethylene sheets. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118571. [PMID: 34843853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tire-derived particles and polyethylene (PE) debris co-exist in estuaries and potentially deteriorate water quality. Chemicals can be emitted from tire-derived particles and resorb to PE debris. However, there was lack of information about the interaction (e.g., sorption and desorption) between tire-derived chemicals and PE debris. By combining batch sorption and desorption experiments along with in situ field deployment of PE sheets, we examined the utility of benzothiazoles (BTZs) sorbed in PE as suitable markers of tire-derived inputs. The sorptive characteristics and PE-water partition coefficients (often designated as Kpew) of selected tire-derived marker candidates, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzothiophenes (BTPs) and BTZs, were measured. Moderately polar BTPs and BTZs (except for 2-(4-morpholinyl) benzothiazole) reached equilibrium within 2-8 days, compared to 20 days for nonpolar PAHs. The measure Kpew values and octanol-water partition coefficients of PAHs and BTZs were linearly correlated with each other (r2 > 0.80; p < 0.05). The desorption potentiality of PAHs and BTZs from tire particles is consistent with the hydrophilic properties of the target chemicals, while desorption ratios of BTZs and PAHs are 25-87% and <20%, respectively. Samplers with PE sheets as the sorbent phase were deployed in Hailing Bay, an urbanized estuary in South China, to measure concentrations of PAHs, BTPs and BTZs. Benzothiazoles sorbed in PE samples were associated with the massive utilization of automobile tires, while PAHs were linked to the boat maintenance facilities and BTPs were not detected in any tire particle and field PE samples. Therefore sorbed BTZs in PE can potentially serve as chemical markers of tire-derived inputs to estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chou Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Li-Huan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Lin Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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5
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Lotufo GR, Gidley PT, McQueen AD, Moore DW, Edwards DA, Hardenstine J, Uhler AD. Passive-Sampler-Based Bioavailability Assessment of PCB Congeners Associated with Aroclor-Containing Paint Chips in the Presence of Sediment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:105-118. [PMID: 34919163 PMCID: PMC8732844 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the first investigation of the bioavailability of PCBs associated with paint chips (PC) dispersed in sediment. Bioavailability of PCB-containing PC in sediment was measured using ex situ polyethylene passive samplers (PS) and compared to that of PCBs from field-collected sediments. PC were mixed in freshwater sediment from a relatively uncontaminated site with no known PCB contamination sources and from a contaminated site with non-paint PCB sources. PC < 0.045 mm generated concentrations in the PS over one order of magnitude higher than coarser chips. The bioavailable fraction was represented by the polymer-sediment accumulation factor (PSAF), defined as the ratio of the PCB concentrations in the PS and organic carbon normalized sediment. The PSAF was similar for both field sediments. The PSAFs for the field sediments were ~ 50-60 and ~ 5 times higher than for the relatively uncontaminated sediment amended with PC for the size fractions 0.25-0.3 mm and < 0.045 mm, respectively. These results indicate much lower bioavailability for PCBs associated with PC compared to PCBs associated with field-collected sediment. Such information is essential for risk assessment and remediation decision-making for sites where contamination from non-paint PCBs sources is co-located with PCB PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip T Gidley
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Andrew D McQueen
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - David W Moore
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Deborah A Edwards
- ExxonMobil Environmental and Property Solutions Company, Spring, TX, 77389, USA
| | | | - Allen D Uhler
- NewFields-Environmental Forensics Practice, Rockland, MA, USA
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6
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Uhler AD, Hardenstine JH, Edwards DA, Lotufo GR. Leaching Rate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) from Marine Paint Chips. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:324-334. [PMID: 34196742 PMCID: PMC8342386 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were added to certain marine vessel bottom paints as a plasticizer to improve the adhesion and durability of the paint. The most common PCB formulation used to amend such paints was Aroclor 1254. Fugitive Aroclor-containing paint chips generated from vessel maintenance and repair operations represent a potential source of PCB contamination to sediments. Limited published studies indicate that Aroclor-containing paint is largely inert and exhibits low PCB leaching into water; however, the rate and degree of leaching of PCBs from paint chips have not been directly studied. This laboratory-based study evaluated the rate and extent of leaching of PCBs from paint chips into freshwater. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the rate of PCB dissolution from paint chips decreased rapidly and exponentially over time. Based on this study, it is estimated that the rate of leaching of PCBs from paint chips would cease after approximately 3 years of exposure to water. When all leachable PCBs were exhausted, it is estimated that less than 1% of the mass of PCBs in the paint chips was amenable to dissolution. The results of this experiment suggest that Aroclor-containing paint chips found in sediments are likely short-term sources of dissolved-phase PCB to pore or surface waters and that the majority of the PCBs in paint chips remain in the paint matrix and unavailable for partitioning into water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Uhler
- NewFields Environmental Forensics Practice, LLC, 300 Ledgewood Place, Rockland, MA, 02730, USA.
| | - Jeffery H Hardenstine
- NewFields Environmental Forensics Practice, LLC, 300 Ledgewood Place, Rockland, MA, 02730, USA
| | - Deborah A Edwards
- ExxonMobil Environmental and Property Solutions Company, Spring, TX, 77389, USA.
| | - Guilherme R Lotufo
- United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
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7
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Tian L, Li J, Zhao S, Tang J, Li J, Guo H, Liu X, Zhong G, Xu Y, Lin T, Lyv X, Chen D, Li K, Shen J, Zhang G. DDT, Chlordane, and Hexachlorobenzene in the Air of the Pearl River Delta Revisited: A Tale of Source, History, and Monsoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9740-9749. [PMID: 34213322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been banned for more than three decades, their concentrations have only decreased gradually. This may be largely attributable to their environmental persistence, illegal application, and exemption usage. This study assessed the historic and current regional context for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which were added to the Stockholm Convention in 2001. An air sampling campaign was carried out in 2018 in nine cities of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), where the historical OCP application was the most intensive in China. Different seasonalities were observed: DDT exhibited higher concentrations in summer than in winter; chlordane showed less seasonal variation, whereas HCB was higher in winter. The unique coupling of summer monsoon with DDT-infused paint usage, winter monsoon with HCB-combustion emission, and local chlordane emission jointly presents a dynamic picture of these OCPs in the PRD air. We used the BETR Global model to back-calculate annual local emissions, which accounted for insignificant contributions to the nationally documented production (<1‰). Local emissions were the main sources of p,p'-DDT and chlordane, while ocean sources were limited (<4%). This study shows that geographic-anthropogenic factors, including source, history, and air circulation pattern, combine to affect the regional fate of OCP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyv
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Kechang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jin Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Peng S, Kong D, Li L, Zou C, Chen F, Li M, Cao T, Yu C, Song J, Jia W, Peng P. Distribution and sources of DDT and its metabolites in porewater and sediment from a typical tropical bay in the South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115492. [PMID: 33254672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is well known for its harmful effects and has been banned around the world. However, DDT is still frequently detected in natural environments, particularly in aquaculture and harbor sediments. In this study, 15 surface sediment samples were collected from a typical tropical bay (Zhanjiang Bay) in the South China Sea, and the levels of DDT and its metabolites in sediment and porewater samples were investigated. The results showed that concentrations of DDXs (i.e., DDT and its metabolites) in bulk sediments were 1.58-51.0 ng g-1 (mean, 11.5 ng g-1). DDTs (DDT and its primary metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)) were the most prominent, accounting for 73.2%-98.3% (86.1% ± 12.8%) of the DDXs. Additionally, high-order metabolites (i.e., 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDMU), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDNU), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol (p,p'-DDOH), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)methane (p,p'-DDM), and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DBP)) were also detected in most of the sediment and porewater samples, with DDMU and DBP being predominant. The DDTs concentration differed among the sampling sites, with relatively high DDTs concentrations in the samples from the aquaculture zone and an area near the shipping channel and the Haibin shipyard. The DDD/DDE ratios indicated a reductive dichlorination of DDT to DDD under anaerobic conditions at most of the sampling sites of Zhanjiang Bay. The possible DDT degradation pathway in the surface sediments of Zhanjiang Bay was p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDD(p,p'-DDE)/p,p'-DDMU/p,p'-DDNU/ … /p,p'-DBP. The DDXs in the sediments of Zhanjiang Bay were mainly introduced via mixed sources of industrial DDT and dicofol, including fresh input and historical residue. The concentrations of DDXs in porewater samples varied from 66.3 to 250 ng L-1, exhibiting a distribution similar to that in the accompanying sediments. However, the content of high-order metabolites was relatively lower in porewater than in sediment, indicating that high-order degradation mainly occurs in particles. Overall, this study helps in understanding the distribution, source, and degradation of DDT in a typical tropical bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Deming Kong
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Liting Li
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fajin Chen
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Meiju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chiling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Wanglu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Abreu FEL, Lima da Silva JN, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. Are antifouling residues a matter of concern in the largest South American port? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122937. [PMID: 32768825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, levels of booster biocides (diuron, Irgarol, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid and DCOIT), butyltin compounds (TBT, DBT and MBT) and antifouling paint particles (APPs) were assessed in sediments of areas under the influence of the largest Latin American port, marinas, boat traffic and ship/boat maintenance facilities located within Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSES). Contamination profile was directly related to local maritime activities, where sediments from the main navigation channel (MNC) presented low levels of antifouling residues while adjacent areas (AA), characterized by the presence of boats and boatyards, showed higher contamination considering all analyzed residues. Moreover, areas under the influence of fishing boats/yards presented relevant levels of butyltins (ΣBTs > 300 ng g-1) and APPs (>100 μg g-1), while marinas dominated by recreational boats showed higher booster biocides occurrence. Sites located nearby shipyards in the MNC and boatyards in the AA presented expressive amounts of APPs (>200 μg g-1). These APPs represent an important long-term source of biocides to the SSES. Thus, the profile of maritime activities in association to local oceanographic conditions drive the spatial distribution of antifouling residues within SESS, which in some case presented levels above sediment guidelines for TBT, DCOIT and diuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma E L Abreu
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Natália Lima da Silva
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 11030-400, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Ren H, Yu Y, An T. Bioaccessibilities of metal(loid)s and organic contaminants in particulates measured in simulated human lung fluids: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115070. [PMID: 32806460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particle-bound pollutants can pose a health risk to humans. Inhalation exposure evaluated by total contaminant concentrations significantly overestimates the potential risk. To assess the risk more accurately, bioavailability, which is the fraction that enters into the systemic circulation, should be considered. Researchers have replaced bioavailability by bioaccessibility due to the rapid and cost-efficient measurement for the latter, especially for assessment by oral ingestion. However, contaminants in particulates have different behavior when inhaled than when orally ingested. Some of the contaminants are exhaled along with exhalation, and others are deposited in the lung with the particulates. In addition, a fraction of the contaminants is released into the lung fluid and absorbed by the lung, and another fraction enters systemic circulation under the action of cell phagocytosis on particulates. Even if the release fraction, i.e., release bioaccessibility, is considered, the measurement faces many challenges. The present study highlights the factors influencing release bioaccessibility and the incorporation of inhalation bioaccessibility into the risk assessment of inhaled contaminants. Currently, there are three types of extraction techniques for simulated human lung fluids, including simple chemical solutions, sequential extraction techniques, and physiologically based techniques. The last technique generally uses three kinds of solution: Gamble's solution, Hatch's solution, and artificial lysosomal fluid, which are the most widely used physiologically based simulated human lung fluids. External factors such as simulated lung fluid composition, pH, extraction time, and sorption sinks can affect release bioaccessibility, whereas particle size and contaminant properties are important internal factors. Overall, release bioaccessibility is less used than bioaccessibility considering the deposition fraction when assessing the risk of contaminants in inhaled particulates. The release bioaccessibility measurement poses two main challenges: developing a unified, accurate, stable, simple, and systematic biologically based method, and validating the method through in-vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
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11
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Sun RX, Sun Y, Xie XD, Yang BZ, Cao LY, Luo S, Wang YY, Mai BX. Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of DDT and its metabolites (DDTs) in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and their prey from the South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111396. [PMID: 32753181 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DDTs were detected in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares, 92.1-221.8 ng‧g-1 lipid weight) and their prey (54.9-93.5 ng‧g-1 lipid weight) from the South China Sea (SCS). DDT levels reported in this study were lower than those of the previous studies indicated the recent mitigation of DDT contamination in the SCS. Higher DDT levels were observed in fat abdominal muscle than lean dorsal muscle in adult yellowfin tuna. Meanwhile, DDT levels in adult yellowfin tuna were higher than the young ones. The composition profiles of DDT and its metabolites suggested DDTs in fish in the SCS were mainly derived from the historical use of technical DDTs. DDTs were biomagnified through food chains with the trophic magnification factor of 2.5. Risk assessment results indicated that dietary exposure to DDTs through lifetime fish consumption from the SCS would pose little cancer and noncarcinogenic risk to coastal residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Xia Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xian-De Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Bing-Zhong Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Lin-Ying Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Li P, Dsikowitzky L, Diao X, Yang F, Li QX, Schwarzbauer J. Unusual tin organics, DDX and PAHs as specific pollutants from dockyard work in an industrialized port area in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125284. [PMID: 31759210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to recognize organic contaminants responsible for ecological stresses from intensive shipping traffic and dockyard works, this study aimed at characterizing the sediment contamination of a large industrialized port located in Hainan Island, China. Surface sediment samples were collected from 17 stations including the main docks, the dockyards and the major industrial wastewater outlets. Organotin compounds, the pesticide DDT (bis(chlorophenyl)trichloroethane) and its metabolites and polycyclic aromatic compounds were identified as main pollutant groups by GC/MS applying a non-target screening approach. The pesticide DDT and its metabolites were found in the same samples as the organotin derivatives pointing to similar emission sources. The concurrent presence of these compounds in the dockyard samples suggests a combined usage of organotin compounds and DDT as active ingredients in antifouling paints in Yangpu. As highly specific molecular indicators for dockyard activities, butyltin and phenyltin compounds were identified. Noteworthy, also tributylmethyltin and triphenylmethyltin were detected, likely resulting from microbial assisted biomethylation of synthetic organotin compounds in the sediments. The concentrations of PAHs, DDX and TBT in sediments from dockyards exceeded global sediment quality guidelines and the toxicity thresholds, and potentially have adverse biological effects on marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Larissa Dsikowitzky
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
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13
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Xie SY, Lao JY, Wu CC, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. In vitro inhalation bioaccessibility for particle-bound hydrophobic organic chemicals: Method development, effects of particle size and hydrophobicity, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:295-303. [PMID: 30103127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of particle-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants and related particle size effects are significant for assessing the potential human health risk via inhalation exposure, but have not been clearly evaluated. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study developed an in vitro method to estimate the inhalation bioaccessibility of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using simulated human lung fluids, i.e., a modified Gamble's solution (MGS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) with Tenax as the absorption media. Assay parameters, namely incubation time (10 d) and influence of filter use, were optimized for establishing the in vitro method. The results showed that the bioaccessibility of PAHs increased with increasing particle size, but other factors, such as total organic carbon and chemical hydrophobicity, also played a large role in the fate of these compounds. The results from this portion of the present study were then used to evaluate human health risk, which showed that the risk of these particle-bound PAHs by incorporating size-dependent PAHs bioaccessibility and deposition efficiency in the human respiratory tract into inhalation exposure risk calculations was reduced by >90% when compared to using total concentration. This suggested that the inhalation bioaccessibility and deposition efficiency of hydrophobic organic chemicals should be included in human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yi Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jia-Yong Lao
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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14
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Mai L, Bao LJ, Shi L, Wong CS, Zeng EY. A review of methods for measuring microplastics in aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11319-11332. [PMID: 29536421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports have been published concerning microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environments. Methods used in these studies continue to be updated and lack standardization, so that an up-to-date review pertaining methods for MP research is needed. This critical review examines the analytical methods, including sampling, identification, and quantitation, for MP research. Samples are generally collected from water, sediment, and biota gastrointestinal tract. Manta nets or trawls are prevalently used in surface water sampling, while direct shoveling or box-corer grab are commonly applied in sediment sampling. Microplastics in biota are generally obtained by dissecting organisms and separating livers, gills, and guts. Density separation is frequently chosen to separate MPs from sample matrices. Chemical digestion can dissolve other organic materials and isolate MPs for further identification. Visual sorting should be combined with chemical composition analysis to better identify the polymer type. Pyrolysis or thermal decomposition gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are currently the main technologies for MP identification. Units prevalently used to express MP abundance in water, sediment, and biota are "particles per m3," "particles per m2," and "particles per individual," respectively. As MP abundances often varied with the methods used, we recommend that analytical protocols of MPs should better be standardized and optimized. Despite the important progress in analysis of MPs, detection technologies for identifying nano-sized plastic particles are still lacking, and therefore should be developed swiftly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mai
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences and Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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15
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Li H, Wang F, You J. Bioaccumulation of sediment-bound dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and heavy metals in benthic polychaete, Nereis succinea from a typical mariculture zone in South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:1040-1047. [PMID: 27899175 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bioaccumulation potential and associated ecological risk of sediment-bound DDT and its metabolites (DDXs) and heavy metals in Hailing Bay, a typical mariculture zone along the southern coast of China, were evaluated. The estuarine sediments were co-polluted by DDXs (120-4882ng/g dry wt.) and heavy metals (292-409mg/kg dry wt.). Both DDXs and metals in sediment were bioavailable to Nereis succinea, although the biota-sediment accumulation factors were less than 1 except for DDE. Significant transformation of DDT in organism was observed and DDE was the main metabolite. Ecological risk assessment showed that sediment-bound p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD frequently exhibited adverse effects on benthic community in the aquaculture zone, and heavy metals would cause moderate to considerable ecological risk, with Cd dominating the risk. The highest risk occurred in the shipyard area, indicating severe pollution and urgent need to control the source of DDT and heavy metals from aquafarming activities. CAPSULE Estuarine sediments in South China was co-polluted by DDT and its metabolites and heavy metals due to aquafarming activities, which resulted in bioaccumulation of the contaminants in benthic invertebrates and posed potential risk to species at higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resource Research Center, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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16
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Wu CC, Bao LJ, Liu LY, Shi L, Tao S, Zeng EY. Impact of Polymer Colonization on the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10555-10561. [PMID: 28825800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pellets and microbes are important constitutes in sediment, but the significance of microbes colonizing on plastic pellets to the environmental fate and transport of organic contaminants has not been adequately recognized and assessed. To address this issue, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyoxymethylene (POM) and polypropylene (PP) slices were preloaded with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and incubated in abiotic and biotic sediment microcosms. Images from scanning electron microscope, Lysogeny Broth agar plates and confocal laser scanning microscope indicated that all polymer slices incubated in biotic sediments were colonized by microorganisms, particularly the LDPE slices. The occurrence of biofilms induced higher dissipation rates of DDTs and PAHs from the LDPE slice surfaces incubated in the biotic sediments than in the abiotic sediments. Plastic colonization on LDPE slice surfaces enhanced the biotransformation of DDT and some PAHs in both marine and river sediments, but had little impact on PCBs. By comparison, PP and POM with unique properties were shown to exert different impacts on the physical and microbial activities as compared to LDPE. These results clearly demonstrated that the significance of polymer surface affiliated microbes to the environmental fate and behavior of organic contaminants should be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chou Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
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17
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Trevisan R, Flores-Nunes F, Dolores ES, Mattos JJ, Piazza CE, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Montone RC, Bícego MC, Dos Reis IMM, Zacchi FL, Othero BNM, Bastolla CLV, Mello DF, Fraga APM, Wendt N, Toledo-Silva G, Razzera G, Dafre AL, de Melo CMR, Bianchini A, Marques MRF, Bainy ACD. Thiol oxidation of hemolymph proteins in oysters Crassostrea brasiliana as markers of oxidative damage induced by urban sewage exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1833-1845. [PMID: 27363828 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Urban sewage is a concerning issue worldwide, threatening both wildlife and human health. The present study investigated protein oxidation in mangrove oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana) exposed to seawater from Balneário Camboriú, an important tourist destination in Brazil that is affected by urban sewage. Oysters were exposed for 24 h to seawater collected close to the Camboriú River (CAM1) or 1 km away (CAM2). Seawater from an aquaculture laboratory was used as a reference. Local sewage input was marked by higher levels of coliforms, nitrogen, and phosphorus in seawater, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), and fecal steroid in sediments at CAM1. Exposure of oysters to CAM1 caused marked bioaccumulation of LABs and decreased PAH and PCB concentrations after exposure to both CAM1 and CAM2. Protein thiol oxidation in gills, digestive gland, and hemolymph was evaluated. Lower levels of reduced protein thiols were detected in hemolymph from CAM1, and actin, segon, and dominin were identified as targets of protein thiol oxidation. Dominin susceptibility to oxidation was confirmed in vitro by exposure to peroxides and hypochlorous acid, and 2 cysteine residues were identified as potential sites of oxidation. Overall, these data indicate that urban sewage contamination in local waters has a toxic potential and that protein thiol oxidation in hemolymph could be a useful biomarker of oxidative stress in bivalves exposed to contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1833-1845. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Euler S Dolores
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Clei E Piazza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sílvio T Sasaki
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia C Bícego
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis M M Dos Reis
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Zacchi
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bárbara N M Othero
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Camila L V Bastolla
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Danielle F Mello
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Fraga
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nestor Wendt
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Razzera
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alcir L Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cláudio M R de Melo
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Foundation, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria R F Marques
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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18
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Li K, Ma D, Wu J, Chai C, Shi Y. Distribution of phthalate esters in agricultural soil with plastic film mulching in Shandong Peninsula, East China. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:314-321. [PMID: 27596820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The content of phthalate esters (PAEs) was investigated in 36 vegetable fields with plastic film mulching in Shandong Peninsula, East China. Soils at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm were collected, and 16 PAEs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PAEs were detected in all the analyzed samples. The total contents of the 16 PAEs (Σ16PAEs) ranged from 1.374 to 18.810 mg/kg, with an average of 6.470 mg/kg. Among the four areas of Shandong Peninsula, including Qingdao, Weihai, Weifang, and Yantai, the highest Σ16PAE in the soil was observed in Weifang district (9.786 mg/kg), which is famous for large-scale vegetable production. Despite the significant differences among the Σ16PAEs, the PAE compositions in soils with plastic film mulching in Shandong Peninsula were comparable. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate, and di(4-methyl-2-pentyl) phthalate were present in all the samples, whereas di-n-hexyl phthalate was detected only in Qingdao (∼1%) and dicyclohexyl phthalate was observed only in Weifang (5.7-8.2%) in low proportions. The ratios of dimethyl phthalate, DEP, and di-n-butyl phthalate, which exceeded allowable concentrations, were 63.9-100% at different soil depths, indicating high PAE pollution. The concentration of butyl benzyl phthalate detected only in Weifang exceeded the recommended allowable soil concentration. Overall, the high PAE content in the soil with plastic film mulching in Shandong Peninsula is an issue of concern because of the large amounts of plastic film used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Chao Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanxi Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Feng Y, Wu CC, Bao LJ, Shi L, Song L, Zeng EY. Examination of factors dominating the sediment-water diffusion flux of DDT-related compounds measured by passive sampling in an urbanized estuarine bay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:866-872. [PMID: 27595180 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fate of hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic environment are largely determined by their exchange at sediment-water interface, which is highly dynamic and subject to rapidly evolving environmental conditions. In turn, environmental conditions may be governed by both physicochemical parameters and anthropogenic events. To examine the importance of various impact factors, passive sampling devices were deployed at the seafloor of Hailing Bay, an urbanized estuarine bay in Guangdong Province of South China to measure the sediment-water diffusion fluxes of several metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDD. The physicochemical properties of water (temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) and surface sediment (sediment organic matter, physical composition, pH, water content, colony forming unit and catalase activity) were also measured. The results showed that the diffusion fluxes of o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE at sites A1 and A2 near a fishing boat maintenance facility ranged from 0.42 to 4.73 ng m-2 d-1 (from sediment to overlying water), whereas those at offshore sites varied between -0.03 and -3.02 ng m-2 d-1 (from overlying water to sediment), implicating A1 and A2 as the sources of the target compounds. The distribution patterns of the diffusion fluxes of the target compounds were different from those of water and sediment parameters (water temperature, salinity, sediment texture, pH, colony forming unit and catalase activity) at six sampling sites. This finding suggested that none of these parameters were critical in dictating the sediment-water diffusion fluxes. Besides, decreases in the contents of kerogen and black carbon by 6.7% and 11% would enhance the diffusion fluxes of the target compounds by 11-14% and 12-23%, respectively, at site A1, indicating that kerogen and black carbon were the key factors in mediating the sediment-water diffusion fluxes of DDT-related compounds in field environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lin Song
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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