1
|
Zhang J, Yang T, Wang N, Luo X, Li H, Liao Y. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in wild fish and seasonal variation and source identification of heavy metals in sediments: a case study of typical urban river in Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8898-8916. [PMID: 38180666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In order to determine the status of heavy metal pollution in river sediments and wild fish in Xi'an, concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) were collected and analyzed in sediments and wild fish during dry season (October-November 2020) and wet season (June-July 2021). This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of heavy metals in urban rivers of Xi'an, China. Their distribution characteristics and sources as well their pollution levels and health risks were assessed. The findings revealed that influenced by human activities, the heavy metal content in sediments (mg·kg-1 dry weight) in wet season was ranked as follows: Cr (73.09) > Zn (63.73) > Pb (40.31) > Ni (31.52) > Cu (24.86) > As (6.83); in the dry season: Zn (94.07) > Cr (69.59) > Cu (34.24) > Ni (33.60) > Pb (32.87) > As (7.60). Moreover, 32 fish samples from six species indicated an average metal content trend (mg·kg-1 wet weight) of Zn (8.70) > Cr (0.57) > Pb (0.28) > Ni (0.27) > Cu (0.24) > As (0.05). The potential ecological risk indices for sediment heavy metal concentrations in both seasons were well below the thresholds, which indicates that the aquatic environment is in safe level. The analysis of the potential ecological risk of sediment heavy metal concentrations indicates that the aquatic environment is safe for the time being. Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI), target risk quotient (THQ), total target risk quotient (TTHQ), cancer risk (CR), total cancer risk (TCR), and the permissible safety limits set by the agencies, the consumption of the fish examined is safe for human health. However, the presence of Cr and As in wild fish should still be a concern for human health, especially for children. The cumulative effect of heavy metals and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) suggest that sediment and heavy metals in fish are closely related, with higher concentrations in fish living in the bottom layer of the water column than in other water layers, and increasing with increasing predator levels. Correlation analysis and PMF modeling identified and determined four comparable categories of potential sources, namely, (1) atmospheric deposition and traffic sources, (2) agricultural sources, (3) industrial sources, and (4) natural sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Liao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin C, Wang Y, Hu G, Yu R, Huang H. Source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in a soil-rice-human system, Jiulong River Basin, southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121489. [PMID: 36958662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The source apportionment and transfer of Pb in a paddy soil-rice-human system within the Jiulong River Basin in southeast China was investigated by analyzing (1) the chemical fractionation of Pb in paddy soils using a modified BCR four-step sequential extraction procedure, and (2) the bioaccessibility of Pb in both paddy soils and rice grains using a Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test method. In addition, a qualitative Pb isotopic model was used in combination with IsoSource software to quantify the contribution of potential Pb sources. The results show the enrichment of Pb in agro-ecosystems in the Jiulong River Basin. Contaminant Pb in paddy soils was mainly present in the reducible (42.9%) and the residual fractions (27.1%). The average bioaccessibility of Pb in rice grains was significantly higher than that in paddy soil, with values of 77.85% and 37.44%, respectively. Lead in paddy soils was primarily derived from agricultural (35.3%), natural (25.5%), industrial (24.5%) and coal combustion sources (14.7%), while Pb in rice grains was primarily derived from coal combustion (54.1%), agricultural (35.1%), industrial (6.0%) and natural sources (4.8%). The bioaccessible Pb was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources [agricultural (42.3% for soil and 25.3% for grain) and coal combustion sources (25.3% for soil and 59.3% for grain)]. Lead isotopic ratios are an effective tracer of Pb transfer from potential sources to rice plants and within the rice plants. Rice plants absorb Pb from the soil and the atmosphere through the roots and leaves, respectively. Most of the Pb was accumulated in roots. The integrated use of chemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and Pb isotopic data provides an effective method to study the source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in paddy soil-rice-human systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Cao S, Wen D, Zhang Y, Wang B, Duan X. Domestic dogs as sentinels of children lead exposure: Multi-pathway identification and source apportionment based on isotope technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137787. [PMID: 36623594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental lead exposure poses risks to children' health, thus exposure sources and pathways identification remain important concern and research scope. Due to sharing the same environment, domestic animals, especially dogs, have been used as useful sentinels to identify human lead exposure. However, more evidence is needed on whether domestic dogs could be used to identify the lead exposure pathways and sources of children. Thus, this study investigated the dietary habits, behaviors, and household environment of children and dogs in a typical coal-fired area in China. The lead levels and lead isotope ratios (Acronym: LIRs, expressed as 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb) in dogs' and children's blood, as well as in environmental media (food, PM2.5, indoor/outdoor dust, drinking water and soil) were measured to explore the predominant lead pollution sources and exposure pathways of children. The results showed that the LIRs of children's blood (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0703 ± 0.0076, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8501 ± 0.0052) were similar to those of dogs' blood (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0696 ± 0.0085, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8499 ± 0.0052), as well as similar to the LIRs of environmental media, i.e. children's food (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0731 ± 0.0057, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8491 ± 0.0036) and coal (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0683 ± 0.017, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8515 ± 0.01). Children and dogs had similar lead exposure pathways, but the contributions of each exposure pathway were different, i.e., 83.1% vs. 76.9% for children and dogs via food ingestion, 1.4% vs. 5.6% via particulate matter exposure, and 15.5% vs. 17.5% via household dust exposure, respectively. The contribution of food via ingestion to lead exposure remains dominant, and coal combustion is a main lead exposure source for children and domestic dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - SuZhen Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongsen Wen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Bioaccumulation and human health implications of trace metals in oysters from coastal areas of China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105872. [PMID: 36621131 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study recompiled a national dataset to characterize the pollution level and health risk of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in oysters along the coastal areas of China. Results showed that the median concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in nationwide oysters were 5.5, 335, 1.3 and 1280 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Generally, oysters from the north coasts presented lower metal pollution and higher quality than those from the south. The regional characteristics of trace metals in oysters might be contributed by the interspecific differences. Nationally, the noncarcinogenic risk posed by these four metals in oysters was relatively low, with the risk only occurring in a few hotspots such as the Pearl River Estuary and the Jiulong River Estuary. However, more attention should be paid to the carcinogenic risk of Cd, and priority should be given to formulating control measures to mitigate Cd pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Faisal M, Wu Z, Wang H, Hussain Z, Azam MI, Muzammil M. Assessment and source apportionment of water-soluble heavy metals in road dust of Zhengzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68857-68869. [PMID: 35554804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble concentration of heavy metals in road dust poses a considerable hazard to public health. The primary goals of the study were estimation of water-soluble contents of heavy metal, estimation of pollution indices, and source apportionment of water-soluble contents of heavy metals using UNMIX model from the road dust of Zhengzhou city. To accomplish this, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, and Hg), and it has been observed that Cu and Zn were the metals with the highest concentration, while Hg, Cd, and Pb were in the lowest concentration range of metals. Pollution indices, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and Nemerow synthetic pollution index (PIN) were calculated to assess the contamination level of water-soluble contents of these hazardous heavy metals. Igeo classified the contamination risk into a spectrum of categories ranging from unpolluted (Cr and Pb) to high polluted (Cu and Cd). For the CF results, the concentration of Cr and Pb was found to be low, similar to Igeo, while the concentrations of three heavy metals, Cu, Cd, and Hg, were found to be extremely high or excessive. The results of the PIN assessment indicated that there was an enormous risk of Hg contamination in the city and that Cu, Cd, and Zn were all within a few percent of the Hg pollution level and hence fell into the high pollution group. The UNMIX model was used for source apportionment of dissolved heavy metals and showed: Source 1 (natural sources, 10%), Source 2 (copper mine tailing contamination, 19%), and Source 3 (agricultural activities22%). Source 4 accounted for (air pollution, 15%) of the total and Source 5 accounted for (industrial activity, 34%). It is imperative that immediate and comprehensive pollution control and preventive measures be implemented in the city due to the presence of metal in the dust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zening Wu
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zafar Hussain
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Water Resources Section, Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Muzammil
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for Bio Systems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wan X, Liao Z, He H, Shi M, Yu G, Zhao F, Lai C, Wang Y, Huang B, Pan X. The desorption mechanism of dissolved organic matter on pollutants and the change of biodiversity during sediment dredging. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113574. [PMID: 35636464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sediment dredging is an effective means to control the endogenous pollution of lakes, which could significantly change the concentration and composition of organic matter, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the lake. DOM is particularly important for the release of endogenous pollutants, which will inevitably bring an impact on aquatic biodiversity. Nevertheless, in recent research little attention has been paid to the desorption mechanism of DOM on pollutants and the change of biodiversity during dredging. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of DOM in the sediment by taking a sediment dredging project in Dianchi Lake in China for example. The correlations of DOM properties with the desorption behavior of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and the biodiversity of aquatic organisms were analyzed. The results show that the aromaticity and humification of DOM were improved after dredging, and the high molecular weight DOM was degraded into low molecular weight substance. The desorption amount of N, P and heavy metals (Cd, Pb) were decreased as the pH values increased. Moreover, NH4+-N promoted the release of Pb2+ from DOM, while the release of PO43--P was inhibited. Correlation analysis shows that the physicochemical properties of DOM exactly affected the release of N, P, Cd and Pb. It was easier to desorb pollutants with low aromaticity and humification of DOM, leading to a decrease in the diversity of aquatic organisms. This study identified the desorption mechanism of endogenous pollutants in DOM and the ecological risk to aquatic organisms, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of water pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Min Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guoxi Yu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fenqing Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous and Rural Areas of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming, 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng X, Wu Y, Liang Y, Mao L, Tan Z, Feng W, Zhang Y. Source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments of the urban rivers flowing into Haizhou Bay, Eastern China: using multivariate statistical analyses and Pb-Sr isotope fingerprints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36354-36366. [PMID: 33751381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban river runoff carrying various anthropogenic sources of heavy metals (HMs) is the most important input pathways for HM pollutions in the coastal region, apportioning sources of environmental pollutants is key to controlling coastal HM pollution. In the study, surface sediments were collected from seven urban rivers flowing through Lianyungang City and discharging into Haizhou Bay, Eastern China. The concentrations of HMs of the river sediments were, in mg/kg (mean value ± standard deviation): Mn (550 ± 227) > Zn (67 ± 61) > Cr (33 ± 12) > Ni (21 ± 8.5) > Cu (16 ± 7.6) > Pb (15 ± 5.6) > Cd (0.11 ± 0.06), which were slightly to moderately polluted. As important outlets for municipal and industrial sewages, the Shawang River and Linhong River were the most polluted. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis, HMs were attributed to anthropogenic source (industrial, domestic, and agricultural discharges) and natural source (soil parent materials and atmospheric deposition). Based on isotope source apportionment, Pb was mainly from natural source, exhausts of leaded gasoline vehicles, and coal combustion, with the mean contributions of 39.3%, 23.7%, and 37.0%, respectively, and Sr originated from natural source and anthropogenic source, with mean contributions of 31.8% and 68.2%, respectively. Pb-Sr isotopes illustrated that anthropogenic inputs were the dominant source for HMs in urban river sediments flowing into Haizhou Bay, and the isotope tracing results make up the discriminating deficiency of the multivariate statistical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuling Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Ye Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Longjiang Mao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Zhihai Tan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Wanzhu Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Geochemical Mapping, Risk Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the street dust of Zhengzhou city of PR China. Fifty-eight samples of road dust were analyzed based on three methods of risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), and Nemerow Synthetic Pollution Index (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations of Hg and Cd 14 and 7 times higher than their background values, respectively. Igeo showed the risks of contamination in a range of unpolluted (Cr, Ni) to strongly polluted (Hg and Cd) categories. RI came up with the contamination ranges from low (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) to extreme (Cd and Hg) risk of contamination. The risk of contamination based on PIN was from safe (Cu, As, and Pb) to seriously high (Cd and Hg). The results yielded by PIN indicated the extreme risk of Cd and Hg in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to identify the sources of contamination. Factor 1 (vehicular exhaust), Factor 2 (coal combustion), Factor 3 (metal industry), and Factor 4 (anthropogenic activities), respectively, contributed 14.63%, 35.34%, 36.14%, and 13.87% of total heavy metal pollution. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Jin Y, Weiss DJ, Schleicher NJ, Wilcke W, Wu L, Guo Q, Chen J, O'Connor D, Hou D. Possible application of stable isotope compositions for the identification of metal sources in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124812. [PMID: 33340973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metals in soil are potentially harmful to humans and ecosystems. Stable isotope measurement may provide "fingerprint" information on the sources of metals. In light of the rapid progress in this emerging field, we present a state-of-the-art overview of how useful stable isotopes are in soil metal source identification. Distinct isotope signals in different sources are the key prerequisites for source apportionment. In this context, Zn and Cd isotopes are particularly helpful for the identification of combustion-related industrial sources, since high-temperature evaporation-condensation would largely fractionate the isotopes of both elements. The mass-independent fractionation of Hg isotopes during photochemical reactions allows for the identification of atmospheric sources. However, compared with traditionally used Sr and Pb isotopes for source tracking whose variations are due to the radiogenic processes, the biogeochemical low-temperature fractionation of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Tl isotopes renders much uncertainty, since large intra-source variations may overlap the distinct signatures of inter-source variations (i.e., blur the source signals). Stable isotope signatures of non-metallic elements can also aid in source identification in an indirect way. In fact, the soils are often contaminated with different elements. In this case, a combination of stable isotope analysis with mineralogical or statistical approaches would provide more accurate results. Furthermore, isotope-based source identification will also be helpful for comprehending the temporal changes of metal accumulation in soil systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanliang Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dominik J Weiss
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, New York, USA
| | - Nina J Schleicher
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiubin Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, GL7 1RS, United Kingdom
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elemental Contaminants in Surface Sediments from Jiulong River Estuary, China: Pollution Level and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estuaries, being the transitional zones between freshwater and marine environments, are important for protecting and rehabilitating the aquatic environments. Sediments from freshwater and marine environments were studied in Jiulong River Estuary (JRE) in different years for rare earth elements (REEs) and some environmentally important metal and metalloid elements (MMEs). The concentration of REEs ranged from 0.11 (Tm) to 296.20 mg kg−1 (Ce), while that of MMEs ranged from 0.40 (Cd) to 86,000 mg kg−1 (Al). The temporal analysis indicated an increase of both REEs and MMEs contaminants from 2012 to 2018. Fractionation of REEs and Ce and Eu anomalies indicated natural weathering, erosion processes and changes in redox chemistry at the sampling sites. Spatial structure analysis showed relatively higher levels of both REEs and MMEs in the freshwater sediments. These variations among the sampling sites indicated different land use and anthropogenic activities. The values of enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated anthropogenic sources of accumulation, while, ecological risk assessment (Eix) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) indicated potential hazards for biota due to the accumulation of Pb, Zn and As elements.
Collapse
|
11
|
Distribution and Contamination Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Catchment, Southeast China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234674. [PMID: 31771206 PMCID: PMC6926743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 63 soil samples were collected from three soil profiles (yellow soil, red loam, red soil) from Jiulongjiang river catchment to investigate the distribution, controlling factors, and toxic risks of heavy metals, including Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni. The results showed that Cr and Cd in soils were enriched. The relationships between heavy metals and soil properties were assessed by principal component analysis. The results indicated that soil organic matter (SOM) played a fundamental role in controlling Cd and Pb in yellow soil and red loam sites. The Cd was significantly correlated with Pb and Cu, and Cr, Zn, Ni, Fe displayed strong correlations with each other, however, no statistical correlation was found between Cd and Cr. The enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index analyses showed that the soils in the study area were contaminated by Cd. Potential ecological risk analyses indicated that Cd posed a considerable ecological risk in yellow soils, and posed a moderate ecological risk in red loams and red soils.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashfaq M, Sun Q, Ma C, Rashid A, Li Y, Mulla SI, Yu CP. Occurrence, seasonal variation and risk evaluation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds and their transformation products in Jiulong river and estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:370-376. [PMID: 31590799 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, 13 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and their transformation products (TPs) were monitored in Jiulong River and its estuary, China in different seasons. The analytes included antimicrobials [triclosan (TCS) and triclocarbon (TCC)]; estrogens [estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and ethinylestradiol (EE2)]; alkylphenol ethoxylates [4-n-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-n-octylphenol (OP)] and the TPs [methyl triclosan (MeTCS), carbanilide (NCC), dichlorocarbanilide, 4-hydroxy estrone (4-OH E1) and 4-hydroxy estradiol (4-OH E2)]. A significant seasonal variation was observed for most EDCs. Approximately, 79% of the total E2 residues were detected in the normal season in comparison with the wet season to indicate recalcitrant behavior of E2 during the normal season. Risk assessment revealed that E2 was most potent among the EDCs to cause highest risk to both vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic species, whereas, E1, EE2, MeTCS and TCS also showed relatively high risk for some surface water aquatic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Cong Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Water Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang H, Lin C, Yu R, Yan Y, Hu G, Li H. Contamination assessment, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in paddy soils of Jiulong River Basin, Southeast China. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14736-14744. [PMID: 35516321 PMCID: PMC9064165 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To trace the sources and evaluate the health risks of heavy metals in paddy soils of Jiulong River Basin, seventy-one samples of paddy soils were collected in July 2017. The heavy metals contents were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry (AFS). The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) methods were applied to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals, principal component analysis (PCA) and absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) were applied to trace the sources, and dose–response model was applied to assess the health risks to the human body. The results indicated that the paddy soils were moderately to heavily polluted by Cd and slightly polluted by Hg, Pb, As and Zn. Heavy metals in paddy soils presented considerable to high potential ecological risk, mostly contributed by Cd and Hg with contribution rates of 59.4% and 26.2%, respectively. The heavy metals contaminating paddy soils were derived from natural sources, agricultural activities, industrial discharge, coal combustion and unidentified sources, with source contribution rates of 31.37%, 24.87%, 19.65%, 18.05% and 6.06%, respectively. The heavy metals in paddy soils presented carcinogenic risks which humans can tolerate and no non-carcinogenic risks. The total non-carcinogenic risks mainly derived from agricultural activities and coal combustion, with contribution rates of 62.16% and 20.21%, respectively, while the total carcinogenic risks mainly derived from natural sources and industrial discharge, with contribution rates of 51.17% and 18.98%, respectively. APCS-MLR and dose–response model were combined to identify the sources and human health risks of heavy metals in paddy soils.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Chengqi Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health
- Xiamen Huaxia University
- Xiamen 361024
- China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Huojin Li
- College of Environment and Public Health
- Xiamen Huaxia University
- Xiamen 361024
- China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Men C, Liu R, Xu F, Wang Q, Guo L, Shen Z. Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:138-147. [PMID: 28850834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the spatial distribution patterns, risks, and sources of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe), 36 road dust samples were collected from an urbanized area of Beijing in June 2016. The mean concentration of most metals, except As and Mn, exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being 8 times that of its background. Spatially, for most heavy metals, except As and Mn, the high concentration areas were mainly within the 5th ring road, especially the northern area. The geo-accumulation index of Cd and Cu indicated moderate contamination at many sites. The entire study area was prone to potential ecological risks, with higher risks within the 4th ring road. Cd caused high potential ecological risk at most sites. According to the health risk assessment results, the non-carcinogenic risks that human beings suffered from heavy metals were insignificant. However, the carcinogenic risks due to Ni and Cr exceeded the acceptable level. Based on the source apportionment using positive matrix factorization, four factors were defined for the heavy metals. Factor 1, which was traffic-related exhaust, accounted for 34.47% of the concentration of heavy metals. The contributions of Factors 2 and 3 were approximately 25% each. Factor 2 was potentially related to coal combustion, while Factor 3 could be related to the manufacture and use of metal components. Factor 4, which could be related to the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and medical devices, accounted for 14.88%, which was the lowest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang T, He Q, He C, Wang A, Sheng L. Effect of planting and fertilization on lead partitioning in dredged sediment. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:69-80. [PMID: 29098512 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dredging has been practiced to remove sediment impacted by persistent contaminants, such as heavy metals. Of these metals, lead (Pb) is of particular concern due to its toxicity. Therefore, dredged sediment containing Pb requires further mitigation. One method for Pb mitigation is phytoremediation of dredged sediment. In this study, the partitioning of Pb in sediment during phytoremediation by willow (Salix integra) was assessed. The results showed that, in general, the bioavailable forms of Pb declined with increased application of the standard Hoagland nutrient solution, which appeared to enhance the Fe-Mn oxide fraction and residual inert fraction. In contrast, the addition of excess phosphorus decreased the bioavailable fractions of Pb. However, the bioavailable fractions of Pb increased with additional potassium addition. Planting Salix integra was shown to promote the stabilization of Pb in sediment and led to a transformation from bioavailable forms to non-bioavailable forms. The results suggest that planting Salix integra can remediate Pb-contaminated dredged sediment via Pb immobilization by the roots. During this process, the application of Hoagland nutrient solution and the application of nutrient solutions with excess phosphorus not only promote root growth of Salix integra which would reduce Pb bioavailability, but also further enhance the immobilization of Pb in contaminated sediment, likely through the formation of Pb-containing compounds with low bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chunguang He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Aixia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, PR China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|