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Liu N, He G, Wang H, He C, Wang H, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang H, Li L, Lu X, Fan S. Rising frequency of ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns contributes to 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:502-514. [PMID: 39095184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns (SWPs), however, the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined. In this study, we apply two widely-used objective methods, the self-organizing map (SOM) and K-means clustering analysis, to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022. We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities. In the case of classifying six SWPs, the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods, and the difference in the mean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%. The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature, lower cloud cover, relative humidity, and wind speed, and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean. We find that during 2015-2022, the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 day/year, faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days (3.0 day/year). The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6. In particular, the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022, especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September, is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022. Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Guowen He
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Haofan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Shaojia Fan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Qu K, Yan Y, Wang X, Jin X, Vrekoussis M, Kanakidou M, Brasseur GP, Lin T, Xiao T, Cai X, Zeng L, Zhang Y. The effect of cross-regional transport on ozone and particulate matter pollution in China: A review of methodology and current knowledge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174196. [PMID: 38942314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
China is currently one of the countries impacted by severe atmospheric ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) pollution. Due to their moderately long lifetimes, O3 and PM can be transported over long distances, cross the boundaries of source regions and contribute to air pollution in other regions. The reported contributions of cross-regional transport (CRT) to O3 and fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations often exceed those of local emissions in the major regions of China, highlighting the important role of CRT in regional air pollution. Therefore, further improvement of air quality in China requires more joint efforts among regions to ensure a proper reduction in emissions while accounting for the influence of CRT. This review summarizes the methodologies employed to assess the influence of CRT on O3 and PM pollution as well as current knowledge of CRT influence in China. Quantifying CRT contributions in proportion to O3 and PM levels and studying detailed CRT processes of O3, PM and precursors can be both based on targeted observations and/or model simulations. Reported publications indicate that CRT contributes by 40-80 % to O3 and by 10-70 % to PM2.5 in various regions of China. These contributions exhibit notable spatiotemporal variations, with differences in meteorological conditions and/or emissions often serving as main drivers of such variations. Based on trajectory-based methods, transport pathways contributing to O3 and PM pollution in major regions of China have been revealed. Recent studies also highlighted the important role of horizontal transport in the middle/high atmospheric boundary layer or low free troposphere, of vertical exchange and mixing as well as of interactions between CRT, local meteorology and chemistry in the detailed CRT processes. Drawing on the current knowledge on the influence of CRT, this paper provides recommendations for future studies that aim at supporting ongoing air pollution mitigation strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS), Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yu Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Sichuan Academy of Environmental Policy and Planning, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China.
| | - Xipeng Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mihalis Vrekoussis
- Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS), Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Center of Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kanakidou
- Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS), Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Center of Studies of Air quality and Climate Change, Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece
| | - Guy P Brasseur
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tingkun Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Teng Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Xuhui Cai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Liang D, Niu Z, Wang G, Feng X, Lyu M, Pang X, Li M, Gu H. Measurement of the vertical distributions of atmospheric pollutants using an uncrewed aerial vehicle platform in Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1077-1089. [PMID: 38742391 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Vertical observations of atmospheric pollutants play crucial roles in a comprehensive understanding of the distribution characteristics and transport of atmospheric pollutants. A hexacopter uncrewed aerial vehicle equipped with miniature monitors was employed to measure the vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants within a height of 1000 m at a rural site in Xi'an, China, in 2021. The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) showed generally decreasing trends with increasing height. The ozone (O3) concentration showed a general increasing trend with height followed by a gradual decreasing trend. Vertical decrements of PM2.5 and CO from 0 to 1000 m were significantly (p < 0.05) lower on observation days during summer (14.0 ± 8.1 μg m-3 and 8.7 ± 6.6 ppb, respectively), compared with those in winter (78.3 ± 14.1 μg m-3 and 34.8 ± 17.3 ppb, respectively). The horizontal transport of PM and CO mostly occurred in the morning and at night during winter observations at an altitude of 400-500 m. During the winter haze, the PM and CO profile concentrations below 500 m increased substantially with the decrease in the height of the thermal inversion layer. Vertical O3 transportation was observed in the afternoon and evening during summer, and a ∼37.7% (11.6 ppb) increase in ground-level O3 was observed in relation to vertical transport from the upper atmosphere. The results provide insights into the vertical distribution and transport of atmospheric pollutants in rural areas near cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenchuan Niu
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change, Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengni Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Pang
- Environment School, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huachun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, China
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Guo R, Shi G, Zhang D, Chen Y, Peng C, Zhai C, Yang F. An observed nocturnal ozone transport event in the Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:10-18. [PMID: 38135378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The ozone (O3) pollution in China drew lots of attention in recent years, and the Sichuan Basin (SCB) was one of the regions confronting worsening O3 pollution problem. Many previous studies have shown that regional transport is an important contributor to O3 pollution. However, very few features of the O3 profile during transport have been reported, especially in the border regions between different administrative divisions. In this study, we conducted tethered balloon soundings in SCB during the summer of 2020 and captured a nocturnal O3 transport event during the campaign. Vertically, the O3 transport occurred in the bottom of the residual layer, between 200 and 500 m above ground level. Horizontally, the transport pathway was directed from southeast to northwest based on the analysis of the wind field and air mass trajectories. The effect of transport in the residual layer on the surface O3 concentration was related to the spatial distribution of O3. For cities with high O3 concentrations in the upwind region, the transport process would bring clean air masses and abate pollution. For downwind lightly polluted cities, the transport process would slow down the decreasing or even increase the surface O3 concentration during the night. We provided observational facts on the profile features of a transboundary O3 transport event between two provincial administrative divisions, which implicated the importance of joint prevention and control measures. However, the sounding parameters were limited and the quantitative analysis was preliminary, more integrated, and thorough studies of this topic were called for in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangming Shi
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chongzhi Zhai
- Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
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Song X, Hao Y. An assessment of O 3-related health risks and economic losses in typical regions of China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194340. [PMID: 37732098 PMCID: PMC10508848 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As one of the key areas for air pollution prevention and control in China, the Fenwei Plain is experiencing serious near-surface O3 pollution, which is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. Methods Based on pollutant concentration monitoring data and meteorological and health data over the same period, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics, the relationships with meteorological factors of O3 pollution, and the health effects and economic losses caused by exposure to O3 pollution using environmental health risk and environmental value assessment methods in 11 cities on the Fenwei Plain in China from 2014 to 2020. Results The results showed that O3 pollution has become increasingly serious on the Fenwei Plain in recent years. The annual average concentration of O3_8h_max showed an overall upwards trend, with an increase of 32.39% in 2020 compared to 2014. The mean concentrations observed in summer were the highest, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest was in winter. The O3 concentration had a significant positive correlation with air temperature and sunshine hours. The evaluation results of the impact of air pollution on population health showed that the number of premature deaths caused by O3 pollution fluctuated and increased during 2014-2020. In 2020, the numbers of total, cardiovascular and respiratory deaths attributable to O3 pollution on the Fenwei Plain were 6,867 (95% CI: 3,739-9,965), 3,652 (95% CI: 1,363-5,905), and 1,257 (95% CI: 747-2,365), respectively, and the total number of premature deaths related to O3 exposure increased by 48.05% compared with 2014. The health and economic losses attributed to O3 pollution on the Fenwei Plain during the study period were 44.22 (95% CI: 22.17-69.18), 47.16 (95% CI: 23.64-73.77), 68.28 (95% CI: 34.27-106.31), 114.44 (95% CI: 57.42-177.76), 110.85 (95% CI: 55.45-172.52), 116.41 (95% CI: 58.24-180.74), and 116.81 (95% CI: 58.00-180.88) billion yuan, respectively. In Linfen City, the increasing rate of the number of premature deaths reached 283.39% because the O3 concentration increased greatly. Discussion Due to high O3 concentrations and obvious population growth in Xi'an, the problems of premature death and health and economic losses attributed to O3 concentrations exceeding the standard value are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
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Zhang G, Hu Y, Pan X, Cao R, Hu Q, Fu R, Risalat H, Shang B. Effects of increased ozone on rice panicle morphology. iScience 2023; 26:106471. [PMID: 37096034 PMCID: PMC10122049 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ground-level ozone threatens rice production, which provides staple food for more than half of the world's population. Improving the adaptability of rice crops to ozone pollution is essential to ending global hunger. Rice panicles not only affect grain yield and grain quality but also the adaptability of plants to environmental changes, but the effects of ozone on rice panicles are not well understood. Through an open top chamber experiment, we investigated the effects of long-term and short-term ozone on the traits of rice panicles, finding that both long-term and short-term ozone significantly reduced the number of panicle branches and spikelets in rice, and especially the fertility of spikelets in hybrid cultivar. The reduction in spikelet quantity and fertility because of ozone exposure is caused by changes in secondary branches and attached spikelet. These results suggest the potential for effective adaptation to ozone by altering breeding targets and developing growth stage-specific agricultural techniques.
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Miao C, Cui A, Xiong Z, Hu Y, Chen W, He X. Vertical evaluation of air quality improvement by urban forest using unmanned aerial vehicles. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1045937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban forest is considered an effective strategy for mitigating urban air pollution via deposition, absorption and dispersion processes. However, previous studies had focused mainly on the deposition effect or removal capacity near the ground, while the net effect of the urban forest on air quality is rarely evaluated in the vertical dimension. In this study, PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5), PM10 (particulate matter with diameter less than 10 μm), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) concentrations, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 m in urban forest, street, and community areas were collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with Sniffer4D V2 on overcast and sunny days. The PM, CO, NO2, and O3 concentrations increased with height below 20 m and then slightly decreased with height on an overcast day, whereas SO2 concentrations decreased with height within 20 m. The urban forest increased PM concentrations in the morning of an overcast day, whereas it decreased PM concentrations in the afternoon of the overcast day. The forest obstructed PM dispersion from the canopy when PM concentrations grew lower in the morning, but it hindered PM from deposition when PM concentrations grew higher in the afternoon.
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Chen L, Pang X, Li J, Xing B, An T, Yuan K, Dai S, Wu Z, Wang S, Wang Q, Mao Y, Chen J. Vertical profiles of O 3, NO 2 and PM in a major fine chemical industry park in the Yangtze River Delta of China detected by a sensor package on an unmanned aerial vehicle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157113. [PMID: 35787910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The vertical profiles and diurnal variations of air pollutants at different heights in the fine chemical industry park (FCIP) were systematically studied in this study. Air pollutants in a major FCIP in the Yangtze River Delta of China within 500 m above ground level (AGL) detected by a sensor package on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The air pollutants including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively, had been measured through more than one hundred times of vertical flights from Aug. 2020 to Jul. 2021. The concentrations of NO2 and CO generally decreased with the height while the concentrations of O3 increased with the height within 500 m AGL. The photochemical reaction resulted in a strong inverse relationship between the vertical profiles of O3 and that of NO2. The concentrations of PM2.5 and TVOCs generally decreased with the height below 100 m AGL and were fully mixed above 100 m AGL. The vertical profiles of different particle sizes were well consistent with the R2 value of 0.97 between PM1 and PM2.5 and 0.93 between PM2.5 and PM10. The NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations sometimes increased with height maybe due to the influence of temperature inversion layer or long-distance transportation from northern China. The diurnal variations of NO2, O3, TVOCs and CO concentrations at different heights within 500 m AGL were basically consistent. The diurnal variations range of PM2.5 concentrations below 100 m AGL was large and different from other heights, which should be greatly influenced by the local emissions. The unstable atmospheric stability was accompanied by strong photochemical reactions and convective activities, resulting in low concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5, while high concentrations of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaobing Pang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Shaoxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Bo Xing
- Shaoxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaibin Yuan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shang Dai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhentao Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Wu C, Liu B, Wu D, Yang H, Mao X, Tan J, Liang Y, Sun JY, Xia R, Sun J, He G, Li M, Deng T, Zhou Z, Li YJ. Vertical profiling of black carbon and ozone using a multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in urban Shenzhen of South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149689. [PMID: 34425446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Existing studies on vertical profiling of black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) were mainly conducted in the rural areas, leading to limited knowledge of their vertical distributions in the urban area. To fill this knowledge gap, vertical profiling (0-500 m and 0-900 m, AGL) of BC and O3 was conducted in a highly urbanized area of Shenzhen in subtropical South China using a multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform. In total 32 flights were conducted from the 10th to 15th, December 2017 (winter campaign) and 42 flights from the 19th to 28th, August 2018 (summer campaign) with 4 time slots per day, including morning, afternoon, evening, and midnight. In general, equivalent BC (eBC) concentration decreased as the height increased with an overall slope of -0.13 μg m-3 per 100 m in the winter campaign and -0.08 μg m-3 per 100 m in the summer campaign. On the contrary, an increase of O3 level with altitude was observed (7.8 ppb per 100 m). Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) exhibits a slightly increasing trend with height. Seasonality of eBC vertical profiles was observed in morning, afternoon and midnight flights, but not for evening flights. The analysis showed the shape of vertical profiles of eBC and O3 can be affected by planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and air mass origin. Calculated heating rates due to BC show distinct seasonal variability for morning but not for afternoon, because of the counteracting effects by solar irradiance in the subtropical afternoon and eBC concentration in urban South China influenced by the monsoon climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dui Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honglong Yang
- Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, CMA, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Xia Mao
- Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, CMA, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia Yin Sun
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Key Laboratory of urban ecological Environmental Simulation and protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guowen He
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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Zhao R, Yin B, Zhang N, Wang J, Geng C, Wang X, Han B, Li K, Li P, Yu H, Yang W, Bai Z. Aircraft-based observation of gaseous pollutants in the lower troposphere over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:144818. [PMID: 33592482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO and O3), aircraft-based measurements (model: Yun-12, 12 flights, 27 h total flight time) were conducted from near the surface up to 2400 m over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region between June 17th and July 22nd 2016. The results showed that high concentrations of primary gaseous pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO) were generally present in Beijing, Tianjin, Langfang and Tangshan areas, while high values of O3 frequently appeared in areas far from the city. The flights at noon and dusk measured higher O3 concentrations at 600 m and lower O3 concentrations at higher altitudes, implying a strong influence by photochemical production. Back trajectory analysis suggested that the high levels of gaseous pollutants, especially at 600 m, were associated with pollution sources transported from the southerly direction during the observation period. The first simultaneous vertical distribution measurements using aircraft and tethered balloon were conducted in Gaocun (a rural site between Beijing and Tianjin) on June 17th. The results indicated that an inversion layer at the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) significantly suppressed vertical exchange through the PBL and resulted in a "two-layer" vertical distribution of pollutants above and below the PBL. Additionally, a residual high O3 layer (79.9 ± 2.5 ppb, 500-1000 m) was observed above the PBL, and it contributed to the surface peak O3 level at noon through downward transport along with the opening up of the PBL. These results indicate that coupled effects of horizontal and vertical transport should be investigated in future studies to improve the chemical transport models used to study the vertical distribution and regional transport over the BTH region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Baohui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Kangwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Li XB, Fan G, Lou S, Yuan B, Wang X, Shao M. Transport and boundary layer interaction contribution to extremely high surface ozone levels in eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115804. [PMID: 33065362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vertical measurements of ozone (O3) within the 3000-m lower troposphere were obtained using an O3 lidar to investigate the contribution of the interactions between the transport and boundary layer processes to the surface O3 levels in urban Shanghai, China during July 23-28, 2017. An extremely severe pollution episode with a maximum hourly O3 mixing ratio of 160.4 ppb was observed. In addition to enhanced local photochemical production, both downward and advection transport in the lower troposphere may have played important roles in forming the pollution episode. The O3-rich air masses in the lower free troposphere primarily originated from central China and the northern Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The downward transport of O3 from the lower free troposphere may have an average contribution of up to 49.1% to the daytime (09:00-16:00 local time) surface O3 in urban Shanghai during the pollution episode (July 23-26, 2017). As for the advection transport, large amounts of O3 were transported outward from Shanghai in the planetary boundary layer under the influence of southeasterly winds during the field study. In this condition, the boundary-layer O3 that was transported downward from the free troposphere in Shanghai could be transported back to the northern YRD region and accumulated therein, leading to the occurrence of severe O3 pollution events over the whole YRD region. Our results indicate that effective regional emission control measures are urgently required to mitigate O3 pollution in the YRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangqiang Fan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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12
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Burgués J, Marco S. Environmental chemical sensing using small drones: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141172. [PMID: 32805561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in miniaturization of chemical instrumentation and in low-cost small drones are catalyzing exponential growth in the use of such platforms for environmental chemical sensing applications. The versatility of chemically sensitive drones is reflected by their rapid adoption in scientific, industrial, and regulatory domains, such as in atmospheric research studies, industrial emission monitoring, and in enforcement of environmental regulations. As a result of this interdisciplinarity, progress to date has been reported across a broad spread of scientific and non-scientific databases, including scientific journals, press releases, company websites, and field reports. The aim of this paper is to assemble all of these pieces of information into a comprehensive, structured and updated review of the field of chemical sensing using small drones. We exhaustively review current and emerging applications of this technology, as well as sensing platforms and algorithms developed by research groups and companies for tasks such as gas concentration mapping, source localization, and flux estimation. We conclude with a discussion of the most pressing technological and regulatory limitations in current practice, and how these could be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Burgués
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Marco
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Atta U, Hussain M, Malik RN. Environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste management value chain: A case study from Pakistan. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:1379-1388. [PMID: 32812514 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20942595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study quantified environmental impacts of the Rawalpindi Waste Management Company (RWMC) value chain in Pakistan for three consecutive years (2015-2018) using a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Energy potential from municipal solid wastes (MSW) was also predicted till the year 2050. Based on a functional unit of 1.0 tonne of MSW, the study analyzed inputs and outputs data through SimaPro v.8.3 applying CML 2000 methodology and cumulative exergy demand indicator (CExD). LCA revealed that operational activities of RWMC mainly contributed to marine aquatic ecotoxicity, i.e. 8962.83 kg1,4-DBeq t-1 MSW, indicating long-range transport of petrogenic hydrocarbons from the company's fleet gasoline combustion. Similarly, human toxicity potential, global warming potential and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential were also found to be significant, i.e. 18.14 kg1,4-DBeq t-1 MSW, 15.79 kgCO2eq t-1 MSW and 6.22 kg1,4-DBeq t-1 MSW, respectively. The CExD showed that company activities consumed 827.14 MJ t-1 MSW exergy from nature, and gasoline used in MSW transport was the most exergy-intensive process, using 634.47 MJ exergy per tonne MSW disposed of. Projections for energy generation potential up to the year 2050 showed that MSW of Rawalpindi city will have the potential to produce 3901 megawatt of energy to fulfill the energy needs of the country. Possible stratagems to reduce environmental impacts from the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) value chain of RWMC include curtailing dependency on petrogenic and fossil fuels in mobile sources, optimization of waste collection methods and dumping routes, inclining attention toward suitable wastes-to-energy conversion technology and opting for a holistic approach of MSWM in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Atta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Vertical Characteristics of Winter Ozone Distribution within the Boundary Layer in Shanghai Based on Hexacopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11247026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ozone is an important secondary air pollutant and plays different significant roles in regulating the formation of secondary organic aerosols. However, the characteristics of winter vertical ozone distributions have rarely been studied. In the winter of 2017, field experiments were performed in Shanghai, China using hexacopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. The vertical profiles of ozone were obtained from 0–1200 m above the ground level. Results show that the UAV observations were reliable to capture the vertical variations of ozone. Vertical ozone profiles in the winter are classified into four categories: (1) well-mixed profile, (2) altitudinal increasing profile, (3) stratification profile, and (4) spike profile. Results show that although the average surface ozone level was relatively low, strong ozone variability and high ozone concentrations occurred at the upper air. The maximum observed ozone concentration was 220 ppb. In addition, using meteorological profiles and backward trajectories, we found that the ozone elevation aloft can be attributed to the downward transport of air flow from higher altitudes. Furthermore, ozone accumulation in the winter could be influenced by the horizontal transport of air masses for the northern part of China. This study successfully used hexacopter UAV platforms to perform vertical observations within the boundary layer. This provides systematic classification of winter ozone distribution within the boundary layer.
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Dieu Hien VT, Lin C, Thanh VC, Kim Oanh NT, Thanh BX, Weng CE, Yuan CS, Rene ER. An overview of the development of vertical sampling technologies for ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:401-412. [PMID: 31254756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to human health and the environment, and are precursors of other toxic air pollutants, e.g. ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In recent years, due to scientific and technological advancements, vertical VOC profile in the atmosphere has been increasingly studied since it plays an essential role in the atmospheric research by providing multilevel three-dimensional data. Such information will improve the predictive ability of existing air quality models. This review summarizes the latest development of vertical VOC sampling technologies, highlighting the technical and non-technical challenges with possible solutions and future applications of vertical VOC sampling technologies. Further, other important issues concerning ambient VOCs have also been discussed, e.g. emission sources, VOC air samplers, VOC monitoring strategies, factors influencing airborne VOC measurement, the use of VOC data in air quality models and future smart city air quality management. Since ambient VOC levels can fluctuate significantly with altitude, technologies for vertical VOC profiling have been developed from building/tower-based measurements and tethered balloons to aircrafts, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellites in order to improve the temporal-spatial capacity and accuracy. Between the existing sampling methods, so far, UAVs are capable of providing more reliable VOC measurements and better temporal-spatial capacities. Heretofore, their disadvantages and challenges, e.g. sampling height, sampling time, sensitivity of the sensors and interferences from other chemical species, have limited the application of UAV for vertical VOC profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thi Dieu Hien
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Vu Chi Thanh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
| | - Bui Xuan Thanh
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Chien-Erh Weng
- Department of Electronic Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands
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Bhatt K, Pourmand A, Sikka N. Targeted Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones) in Telemedicine. Telemed J E Health 2018; 24:833-838. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2017.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kunj Bhatt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ali Pourmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Neal Sikka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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Vo TDH, Lin C, Weng CE, Yuan CS, Lee CW, Hung CH, Bui XT, Lo KC, Lin JX. Vertical stratification of volatile organic compounds and their photochemical product formation potential in an industrial urban area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:327-336. [PMID: 29614481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the petrochemical industry and vehicle exhaust may contribute to high ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP). In this study, the vertical profiles of VOCs were created for the southern Taiwan industrial city of Kaohsiung. Vertical air samples were collected up to 1000 m using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In Renwu District, VOC distribution was affected by the inversion layer up to 200 m height. Total VOCs (36-327 ppbv), OFP (66-831 ppbv) and SOAFP (0.12-5.55 ppbv) stratified by height were the highest values at 300 m. The VOCs originated from both local and long-distance transport sources. These findings can be integrated into Kaohsiung's future air quality improvement plans and serve as a reference for other industrialized areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Erh Weng
- Department of Electronic Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuang Hung
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lo
- Department of Military Meteorology, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung 82047, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Xian Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
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