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Wang WG, Li SL, Liu B, Tang N, Zhang C, Jiang XF, Tao LM, Xu WP, Zhang Y. Natural pyrethrins induce cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119267. [PMID: 38815718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Natural pyrethrins are widely used in agriculture because of their good insecticidal activity. Meanwhile, natural pyrethrins play an important role in the safety evaluation of pyrethroids as precursors for structural development of pyrethroid insecticides. However, there are fewer studies evaluating the neurological safety of natural pyrethrins on non-target organisms. In this study, we used SH-SY5Y cells and zebrafish embryos to explore the neurotoxicity of natural pyrethrins. Natural pyrethrins were able to induce SH-SY5Y cells damage, as evidenced by decreased viability, cycle block, apoptosis and DNA damage. The apoptotic pathway may be related to the involvement of mitochondria and the results showed that natural pyrethrins induced a rise in Capase-3 viability, Ca2+ overload, a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells. Natural pyrethrins may mediate DNA damage in SH-SY5Y cells through oxidative stress. The results showed that natural pyrethrins induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) activity, and induced a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo, natural pyrethrins induced developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos, which were mainly characterized by pericardial edema and yolk sac edema. Meanwhile, the results showed that natural pyrethrins induced damage to the Huc-GFP axis and disturbed lipid metabolism in the head of zebrafish embryos. Further results showed elevated ROS levels and apoptosis in the head of zebrafish embryos, which corroborated with the results of the cell model. Finally, the results of mRNA expression assay of neurodevelopment-related genes indicated that natural pyrethrins exposure interfered with their expression and led to neurodevelopmental damage in zebrafish embryos. Our study may raise concerns about the neurological safety of natural pyrethrins on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shou-Lin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Qingpu District Agro-Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai, 201799, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Xu-Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Yang Y, Wei X, Ying M, Huang H, Sha Y, Hong X, Xiao P, Tao G. Natural Pyrethrin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Liver Cells through Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway. TOXICS 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38668481 PMCID: PMC11053901 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Natural pyrethrins (NPs), one kind of bio-pesticide, have been widely used in organic agriculture and ecological environment studies. Studies have shown that NPs may affect the metabolism of rat liver and human hepatocytes; nevertheless, the toxic effects of NPs on the liver and the related mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this research, we utilized three types of human liver cells to investigate the mechanism of NPs' induction of oxidative stress. The results showed that NPs exhibit noteworthy cytotoxic effects on human liver cells. These effects are characterized by the induction of LDH release, mitochondrial collapse, and an increased production of ROS and MDA content, subsequently activating the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf-2) pathway. The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can alleviate ROS/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, the siRNA knockdown of Nrf-2 exacerbated the injury, including ROS production, and inhibited cell viability. In summary, the ROS-mediated Keap1/Nrf-2 pathway could be an important regulator of NP-induced damage in human liver cells, which further illustrates the hepatotoxicity of NPs and thereby contributes to the scientific basis for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Department of Food Science, College of Hospitality of Management, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China;
| | - Mengchao Ying
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Yijie Sha
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinyu Hong
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Gonghua Tao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
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Qu Y, He Y, Wang Y, Han Z, Qin L. Targeted down-regulation of SRSF1 exerts anti-cancer activity in OSCC through impairing lysosomal function and autophagy. iScience 2023; 26:108330. [PMID: 38025785 PMCID: PMC10663830 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer of the head and neck. Despite ongoing efforts, there remains a dearth of targeted drugs capable of effectively inhibiting OSCC growth. As the earliest discovered proto-oncogene in the SRSF family, targeted inhibition of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) plays an important role in tumor suppression. However, the expression, function, and mechanism of SRSF1 in OSCC have not been comprehensively reported. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical samples from OSCC patients and discovered a significant correlation between the SRSF1 expression level and poor prognosis. In vitro experimentation demonstrated that SRSF1 knockdown inhibited OSCC growth, survival, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. To confirm the significance of lysosomal function and autophagy in the regulation of OSCC growth by SRSF1, cell rescue models were constructed. The aforementioned findings were subsequently validated in xenograft models. Ultimately, targeted knockdown of SRSF1 was found to significantly suppress OSCC growth by impeding lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yijuan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Wu M, Bian J, Han S, Zhang C, Xu W, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y. Characterization of hepatotoxic effects induced by pyraclostrobin in human HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139732. [PMID: 37549743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. With the widespread use of pyraclostrobin to prevent and control crop diseases, its environmental pressure and potential safety risks to humans have attracted much attention. Herein, the toxicological risks of pyraclostrobin toward HepG2 cells and the mechanisms of intoxication in vitro were investigated. The liver toxicity of pyraclostrobin in zebrafish larvae was also evaluated. It was found that pyraclostrobin induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species generation in HepG2 cells, indicating the potential genotoxicity of pyraclostrobin. The results of fluorescent staining experiments and the expression of cytochrome c, Bcl-2 and Bax demonstrated that pyraclostrobin induced mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in cell apoptosis. Monodansylcadaverine staining and autophagy marker-related proteins LC3, p62, Beclin-1 protein expression showed that pyraclostrobin promoted cell autophagy. Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis suggested that pyraclostrobin induced autophagy accompanied with activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling pathway. Visualization of zebrafish liver and oil red staining indicated that pyraclostrobin could induce liver degeneration and liver steatosis in zebrafish. Collectively, these results help to better understand the hepatotoxicity of pyraclostrobin and provide a scientific basis for its safe applications and risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Bian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Shuang Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States.
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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Moniruzzaman M, Kumar S, Mukherjee M, Chakraborty SB. Delineating involvement of MAPK/NF-κB pathway during mitigation of permethrin-induced oxidative damage in fish gills by melatonin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104312. [PMID: 37967690 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Present study evaluated involvement of transcription factors during permethrin-induced gill toxicity and its amelioration by melatonin. First, adult Notoptertus notopterus females were exposed to permethrin at nominal concentrations [C: 0.0, P1: 0.34, P2: 0.68 µg/L] for 15 days followed by intramuscular melatonin administration (100 µg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Gill MDA, XO, LDH levels increased, while Na+-K+-ATPase, SDH, cytochrome C oxidase levels decreased with increasing permethrin concentrations. Glutathione, SOD, CAT, GST, GRd levels increased in P1 than C, but decreased in P2 than P1, C. Melatonin administration restored gill enzyme and antioxidant levels in P1, P2. Next, isolated gill tissues were exposed to permethrin at 25, 50 µM doses along with melatonin administration (100 μg/mL). NF-κB, NRF2, Keap1, ERK, Akt, caspases protein expression changed significantly during permethrin-induced gill damage. Melatonin administration amended permethrin-induced molecular imbalance through modulation of caspase proteins and MAPK/NF-κB signal transduction pathway via melatonin receptor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saheli Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Mainak Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Department of Zoology, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, India
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Wang T, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Cai S, Jiang S, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Novel Benzimidazoles as Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Degraders of V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T-Cell Activation (VISTA). J Med Chem 2023; 66:11881-11892. [PMID: 37594853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a promising negative immune checkpoint and plays a critical role in the regulation of the quiescence of naïve T lymphocytes. Most patients however do not experience durable disease control from current immune checkpoint inhibitors and discovery of inhibitors targeting novel immune checkpoints is necessary. Herein, we report our discovery and optimization of benzimidazoles as the bifunctional inhibitors of VISTA. Compound 1 is identified as a bifunctional inhibitor targeting VISTA, which shows good binding affinity to VISTA and induces VISTA degradation in HepG2 cells through an autophagic mechanism. Compound 1 rescues VISTA-mediated immunosuppression effectively and enhances antitumor activity of immune cells. 1 activates the antitumor immunity in vivo and suppresses tumor growth in a CT26 mouse model significantly. Our results show that compound 1 is a promising VISTA inhibitor and degrader and offers novel approach for cancer immunotherapy through VISTA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Verma J, Rai AK, Satija NK. Autophagy perturbation upon acute pyrethroid treatment impacts adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105566. [PMID: 37666621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposure can cause dysregulation in adipogenesis that can result in metabolic syndrome, which includes insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as excessive body weight. The role of autophagy in adipocyte differentiation is debatable since both positive and negative effects have been reported. Type-I and type-II synthetic pyrethroids α-cypermethrin (CPM) and permethrin (PER), respectively, are reported to increase adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, it is not known how these pyrethroids affect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thus, this study focused on evaluating the effect of pyrethroids (CPM and PER) pre-treatment (24 h) on MSC commitment and the regulatory role of autophagy in adipogenic lineage commitment. The formation of adipocytes was observed through nile red staining, perilipin expression by immunoflourescence, and adipogenic markers PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4 by western blotting. It was found that the adipogenic differentiation ability of MSCs was significantly increased upon CPM or PER pre-treatment at 100 μM concentration as evident by lipid accumulation and enhanced expression of adipogenic markers. To assess the involvement of autophagy, the expression of p62 and LC3II were evaluated following pre-treatment. Immunoblotting results revealed an increased expression of p62 and LC3II in CPM or PER pretreated MSCs suggesting CPM and PER mediated inhibition of autophagy at 24 h. Further, an increase was observed in adipogenesis upon CPM or PER pre-treatment in combination with chloroquine, while use of rapamycin during pre-treatment abrogated the effect of CPM and PER. Thus, this study concludes that CPM or PER pre-treatment increases the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Since chloroquine also demonstrated similar adipogenic response, it further highlights that 24 h pre-treatment with autophagy modulators to inhibit basal autophagy primes MSCs towards adipogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julee Verma
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Rai
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Satija
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Hou X, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Gao W. Role of Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR Axis in HT22 Cells Under Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9221-9229. [PMID: 36936290 PMCID: PMC10018509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important complication of ischemic stroke, and autophagy is one of the mechanisms of it. In this study, we aimed to determine the role and mechanism of autophagy in cerebral I/R injury. Methods: the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) method was used to model cerebral I/R injury in HT22 cells. CCK-8 and LDH were conducted to detect viability and damage of the cells, respectively. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Tunel staining. Autophagic vesicles of HT22 cells were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the protein expression involving AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR axis and autophagy-related proteins. 3-Methyladenine and rapamycin were, respectively, used to inhibit and activate autophagy, compound C and AICAR acted as AMPK inhibitor and activator, respectively, and were used to control the starting link of AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR axis. Results: autophagy was activated in HT22 cells after OGD/R was characterized by an increased number of autophagic vesicles, the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I, and a decrease in the expression of P62. Rapamycin could increase the viability, reduce LDH leakage rate, and alleviate cell apoptosis in OGD/R cells by activating autophagy. 3-Methyladenine played an opposite role to rapamycin in OGD/R cells. The expression of DDiT4 and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK were increased after OGD/R in HT22 cells. While the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR was reduced by OGD/R, AICAR effectively increased the number of autophagic vesicles, improved viability, reduced LDH leakage rate, and alleviated apoptosis in HT22 cells which suffered OGD/R. However, the effects of compound C in OGD/R HT22 cells were opposite to that of AICAR. Conclusions: autophagy is activated after OGD/R; autophagy activator rapamycin significantly enhanced the protective effect of autophagy on cells of OGD/R. AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR axis is an important pathway to activate autophagy, and AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR-mediated autophagy significantly alleviates cell damage caused by OGD/R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijuan Gao
- . Phone: 86 311 89926007. Fax: (86) 311 89926000
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Wu X, Xu B, Chen H, Qiang J, Feng H, Li X, Chu M, Pan E, Dong J. Crosstalk of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy under reactive oxygen stress involved in difenoconazole-induced kidney damage in carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108508. [PMID: 36581253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is a commonly used triazole fungicide in agricultural production. Because of its slow degradation and easy accumulation in the environment, it seriously endangers both animal health and the ecological environment. Therefore, it is hoped that the effects on carp kidneys can be studied by simulating difenoconazole residues in the environment. The experiment was designed with two doses (0.488 mg/L, 1.953 mg/L) as exposure concentrations of difenoconazole for 4 d. Histopathological results showed that difenoconazole could cause severe damage to the kidney structure and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in carp. Elevated levels of Creatinine, and BUN suggested the development of kidney damage. The DHE fluorescence probe's result suggested that difenoconazole might cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) to accumulate in the kidney of carp. Difenoconazole was found to increase MDA levels while decreasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-PX, according to biochemical indicators. In addition, difenoconazole could up-regulate the transcription levels of inflammatory factors tnf-α, il-6, il-1β, and inos. At the same time, it inhibited the transcription level of il-10 and tgf-β1. The TUNEL test clearly showed that difenoconazole induced apoptosis in the kidney and vastly raised the transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, caspase9, caspase3, and bax while inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2, fas, capsase8. Additionally, TEM imaging showed that clearly autophagic lysosomes and autophagosomes were formed. Elevated levels of LC3II protein expression, increased transcript levels of the autophagy-related gene atg5 as well as decreased transcript levels of p62 represented the generation of autophagy. In conclusion, the study illustrated that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy all played roles in difenoconazole-induced kidney injury in carp, which was closely linked to ROS production. This work provides a valuable reference for studying the toxicity of difenoconazole to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Baoshi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jingchao Qiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Huimiao Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Mingyi Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Enzhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Ren Y, He X, Yan X, Yang Y, Li Q, Yao T, Lu L, Peng L, Zou L. Unravelling the Polytoxicology of Chlorfenapyr on Non-Target HepG2 Cells: The Involvement of Mitochondria-Mediated Programmed Cell Death and DNA Damage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175722. [PMID: 36080487 PMCID: PMC9457613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorfenapyr (CHL) is a type of insecticide with a wide range of insecticidal activities and unique targets. The extensive use of pesticides has caused an increase in potential risks to the environment and human health. However, the potential toxicity of CHL and its mechanisms of action on humans remain unclear. Therefore, human liver cells (HepG2) were used to investigate the cytotoxic effect and mechanism of toxicity of CHL at the cellular level. The results showed that CHL induced cellular toxicity in HepG2 cells and induced mitochondrial damage associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial calcium overload, ultimately leading to apoptosis and autophagy in HepG2 cells. Typical apoptotic changes occurred, including a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential, the promotion of Bax/Bcl-2 expression causing the release of cyt-c into the cytosol, the activation of cas-9/-3, and the cleavage of PARP. The autophagic effects included the formation of autophagic vacuoles, accumulation of Beclin-1, transformation of LC3-II, and downregulation of p62. Additionally, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest were detected in CHL-treated cells. These results show that CHL induced cytotoxicity associated with mitochondria-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) and DNA damage in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xuan He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xiyue Yan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Tian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lidan Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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11
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Mamur S, Gündüzer E, Yaman M. Toxicological aspect of bioinsecticide pyrethrum extract and expressions of apoptotic gene levels in human hepotacellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:373-384. [PMID: 35321623 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2057266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethrum extract (PE), an important natural bioinsecticide, is extensively used across the world to control pest insects in homes and farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effect of PE using MTT assay and genotoxic effect using micronucleus (MN) assay. The changes in the expressions of the apoptosis genes in mRNA levels were also investigated using Real Time qPCR analysis as well as the ratio of apoptotic/necrotic cells with AnnexinV-FITC/Propidium iodide (PI) assay in HepG2 cells. PE markedly suppressed the cell proliferation on HepG2 cells. It significantly increased the frequency of micronucleus (MN) at 500 and 1000 µg/mL. PE also induced the percentage of cell population of late apoptotic/necrotic cells (FITC + PI+) and necrotic cells (FITC- PI+) especially at 4000 μg/mL analyzed by flow cytometry. PE caused significant fold changes in the expression of several apoptotic genes including APAF1, BIK, BAX, BAD, BİD, MCL-1, CASP3, CASP1, CASP2, FAS, FADD and TNFRSF1A. In particularly, the pro-apoptotic gene Hrk (Harakiri) remarkably and dose-dependently was overexpressed of the mRNA level. As a result, PE may exhibit cyto-genotoxic effects especially at higher concentrations and lead to significant changes in the expression of mRNA levels in several apoptotic genes.Highlights [Database][Mismatch]Natural bioinsecticide PE exhibited cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells.PE significantly induced the micronucleus (MN) frequency at 500 and 1000 µg/mL.This bioinsecticide induced cell death and it lead to significant fold changes in the expression of mRNA levels in several apoptotic genes in HepG2 cells.The highest increase of the expression of mRNA levels was determined in Hrk (Harakiri) at 4000 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Mamur
- Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, 06830, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Gündüzer
- Gazi University, Science Faculty, Deparment of Biology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Yaman
- Gazi University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Immunology, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Lu J, Yang Y, Zhu L, Li M, Xu W, Zhang C, Cheng J, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y. Exposure to environmental concentrations of natural pyrethrins induces hepatotoxicity: Assessment in HepG2 cell lines and zebrafish models. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132565. [PMID: 34662635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural pyrethrins are one variety of botanical pesticide, and are commonly used in organic and ecological agriculture. However, the hepatotoxicity of natural pyrethrins is unknown. In this study, the impact of natural pyrethrins on human HepG2 cells, which are prominent cell model for toxic-induced hepatotoxicity evaluations, was investigated in accordance with the ROS production and the mechanism of DNA damage and repair. And we report the liver toxicity of natural pyrethrins in zebrafish. Our result revealed a significant increase in ROS production, suggesting oxidative stress. Besides, the most notable genotoxic effect of oxidation-induced DNA damage was observed for natural pyrethrins, as detected by neutral comet assay and γH2AX/8-oxoG staining. As revealed by the results, oxidative DNA damage is responsible for the cytotoxic exposure of natural pyrethrins to HepG2 cells in humans. The observed damage is chronic toxicity, which may cause irreversible DNA damage and more severe toxic effects on human HepG2 cells. This can account for the complicated response to DNA impairment. Visual observations of zebrafish liver and oil red staining also demonstrated that natural pyrethrins induced liver degeneration, liver size changes and liver steatosis in zebrafish. In conclusion, the health of humans can be endangered by natural pyrethrins as a result of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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13
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Wang X, Lu Q, Guo J, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: A Mechanistic Insight for Glyphosate Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:617-639. [PMID: 34990202 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020821-111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLYP) is a widely used pesticide; it is considered to be a safe herbicide for animals and humans because it targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. However, there has been increasing evidence that GLYP causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the toxicity of GLYP and, for the first time, systematically summarizes the toxicity mechanism of GLYP from the perspective of oxidative stress, including GLYP-mediated oxidative damage, changes in antioxidant status, altered signaling pathways, and the regulation of oxidative stress by exogenous substances. In addition, the metabolism of GLYP is discussed, including metabolites,metabolic pathways, metabolic enzymes, and the toxicity of metabolites. This review provides new ideas for the toxicity mechanism of GLYP and proposes effective strategies for reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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15
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Yin H, Zuo Z, Yang Z, Guo H, Fang J, Cui H, Ouyang P, Chen X, Chen J, Geng Y, Chen Z, Huang C, Zhu Y. Nickel induces autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK pathways in mouse kidney. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112583. [PMID: 34352574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni), a widely distributed metal, is an important pollutant in the environment. Although kidney is a crucial target of Ni toxicity, information on autophagy and the potential mechanisms of Ni-induced renal toxicity are still poorly described. As we discovered, NiCl2 could induce renal damage including decrease in renal weight, renal histological alterations, and renal function injury. According to the obtained results, NiCl2 could obviously increase autophagy, which was characterized by increase of LC3 expression and decrease of p62 expression. Meanwhile, the result of ultrastructure observation showed increased autolysosomes numbers in the kidney of NiCl2-treated mice. In addition, NiCl2 increased mRNA and protein levels of autophagy flux proteins including Beclin1, Atg5, Atg12, Atg16L1, Atg7, and Atg3. Furthermore, NiCl2 induced autophagy through AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways which featured down-regulated expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR and up-regulated expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ULK1. In summary, the above results indicate involvement of autophagy in renal injury induced by NiCl2, and NiCl2 induced autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK pathways in mouse kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhi Yang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xia Chen
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
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Xu X, Yu Z, Han B, Li S, Sun Y, Du Y, Wang Z, Gao D, Zhang Z. Luteolin alleviates inorganic mercury-induced kidney injury via activation of the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111583. [PMID: 34428638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury is a ubiquitous toxic pollutant in the environment. Exposure to inorganic mercury can cause various poisonous effects, including kidney injury. However, no safe and effective treatment for kidney injury caused by inorganic mercury has been found and used. Luteolin (Lut) possesses various beneficial bioactivities. Here, our research aims to investigate the protective effect of Lut on renal injury induced by mercury chloride (HgCl2) and identify the underlying autophagy regulation mechanism. Twenty-eight 6-8 weeks old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, HgCl2, HgCl2 + Lut, and Lut. We performed the determination of oxidative stress and renal function indicators, histopathological analysis, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuracil nucleoside triphosphate nick-end labeling assay to detect apoptosis, western blot detection of autophagy-related protein levels, and atomic absorption method to detect mercury content. Our results showed that Lut ameliorated oxidative stress, apoptosis and restored the autophagy and renal function caused by HgCl2 in rats. Concretely, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor, renal adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, and autophagy regulation-related proteins levels were down-regulated, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression was up-regulated by HgCl2 treatment. However, Lut treatment reversed the above changes. Notably, Lut reduced the accumulation of HgCl2 in the kidneys and promoted the excretion of HgCl2 through urine. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Lut can attenuate inorganic mercury-induced renal injury via activating the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. Therefore, Lut may be a potential biological medicine to protect against renal damage induced by HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhongxian Yu
- Pharmacy Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Road, Hongqi Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Biqi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China.
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Lin Y, Ji H, Cao X, Cen Y, Chen Y, Ji S, Zheng S. Knockdown of AMP-activated protein kinase increases the insecticidal efficiency of pymetrozine to Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104856. [PMID: 33993974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are the main tools used to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a serious pest of rice in Asia. However, repeated application of insecticides has caused many negative effects. Reducing the amount of insecticide used, while maintaining good pest population control, would be valuable. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor of cellular energy status, helps to maintain insect energy balance at the cellular and whole-body level. The role of AMPK in insect response to insecticide stimulation is unknown. We studied the functions of AMPK catalytic subunit alpha (NlAMPKα) in the development of N. lugens and in response to pymetrozine, an insecticide used to control insect pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts. A phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences from 12 species in six orders showed that insects have only the AMPKα 2 subtype. RNA interference against NlAMPKα demonstrated that blocking the AMPK pathway led to a decrease in the systemic ATP level and an increase in N. lugens mortality. NlAMPKα responded to the energy stress caused by pymetrozine treatment, which activated downstream energy metabolic pathways to compensate for the energy imbalance. However, the ATP level in pymetrozine- treated nymphs was not increased, suggesting that ATP is consumed more than synthesized. When NlAMPKα expression was reduced in pymetrozine-treated nymphs by RNAi, the ATP level was decreased and the mortality was significantly increased. At day eight post 0.5 g/3 L of pymetrozine and dsNlAMPKα treatment, nymph survival was 29.33%, which was similar to the 27.33% survival of 1 g/3 L pymetrozine-treated nymphs. Addition of dsNlAMPKα can reduce the concentration of pymetrozine used by 50% while providing comparable efficacy. These results indicate that AMPK helps maintain the energy metabolism of N. lugens in response to pymetrozine treatment. Knockdown of NlAMPKα increases the insecticidal efficiency of pymetrozine to N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huijun Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongjie Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuangshun Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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18
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Zhu Y, Su Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Han Y, Dong X, Li W, Li W. Astragaloside IV alleviates liver injury in type 2 diabetes due to promotion of AMPK/mTOR‑mediated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:437. [PMID: 33846768 PMCID: PMC8060804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic liver injury is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is often irreversible in the later stage, and affects the quality of life. Autophagy serves an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic liver injury. For example, it can improve insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural saponin isolated from the plant Astragalus membranaceus, which has comprehensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis properties, as well as can enhance immunity. However, whether AS-IV can alleviate diabetic liver injury in T2DM and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study used high-fat diets combined with low-dose streptozotocin to induce a diabetic liver injury model in T2DM rats to investigate whether AS-IV could alleviate diabetic liver injury and to identify its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that AS-IV treatment could restore changes in food intake, water intake, urine volume and body weight, as well as improve liver function and glucose homeostasis in T2DM rats. Moreover, AS-IV treatment promoted suppressed autophagy in the liver of T2DM rats and improved IR, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, AS-IV activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibited mTOR. Taken together, the present study suggested that AS-IV alleviated diabetic liver injury in T2DM rats, and its mechanism may be associated with the promotion of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy, which further improved IR, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, the regulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to treat diabetic liver injury in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Liao J, Yang F, Yu W, Qiao N, Zhang H, Han Q, Hu L, Li Y, Guo J, Pan J, Tang Z. Copper induces energy metabolic dysfunction and AMPK-mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy in kidney of broiler chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111366. [PMID: 33010598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of copper (Cu) on energy metabolism and AMPK-mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy in kidney, a total of 240 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomized into four equal groups and fed on the diets with different levels of Cu (11, 110, 220, and 330 mg/kg) for 49 d. Results showed that excess Cu could induce vacuolar degeneration and increase the number of autophagosomes in kidney, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and mRNA levels of energy metabolism-related genes were decreased with the increasing dietary Cu level. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the positive expressions of Beclin1 and LC3-II were mainly located in cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells and increased significantly with the increasing levels of Cu. The mRNA levels of Beclin1, Atg5, LC3-I, LC3-II, Dynein and the protein levels of Beclin1, Atg5, LC3-II/LC3-I and p-AMPKα1/AMPKα1 were markedly elevated in treated groups compared with control group (11 mg/kg Cu). However, the mRNA and protein levels of p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly decreased with the increasing levels of Cu. These results suggest that impaired energy metabolism induced by Cu may lead to autophagy via AMPK-mTOR pathway in kidney of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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20
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Ke Y, Zhan L, Lu T, Zhou C, Chen X, Dong Y, Lv G, Chen S. Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo Leaves Protect Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Vitro and vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:526349. [PMID: 33262700 PMCID: PMC7686799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.526349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Polysaccharides separated from herbs have been shown to be effective for ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury, but whether the polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo leaves (LDOP-1) protected mucosa from ethanol-induced injury remains unknown. Thus, the present study carried out gastric mucosal protection and the mechanism of LDOP-1 in vivo and vitro. The chemical composition of LDOP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide comprising mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose at a molar ratio of 2.0:1.1:0.7:0.5:0.4. Pharmacological results showed that LDOP-1 significantly reduced gastric mucosal injury score and pathological injury, improved antioxidant capacity, reduced the level of reactive oxygen species, and reversed the apoptosis of GES-1 in vivo and vitro. Research showed that LDOP-1 pretreatment upregulated the expression level of p-AMPK, LC3β, HO-1, and Beclin-1; downregulated the expression level of p-mTOR and p62; and reversed the expression level of caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2. This study was the first to demonstrate that LDOP-1 could protect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianghui Zhan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Zhang P, Ni H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Gao J, Cheng J, Tao L. Ivermectin confers its cytotoxic effects by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and DNA damage. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127448. [PMID: 32593828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, is widely used in agriculture and animal husbandry. Due to widespread use and little metabolism in animals, the toxicity of IVM has received increasing attention. The accumulation of IVM in animal tissues and the excretion of urine and feces in the environment is the major source of potential toxicity. Human consumption of meat or milk contaminated with livestock can result in exposure to high levels of IVM exposure. The aim of this study was to reveal the cytotoxic mechanism of IVM in model cell HeLa in vitro, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the safe and rational use of IVM. Here we observed the γH2AX and 8-oxodG foci to detect the DNA damage in HeLa cells. As expected, we found that IVM can induce oxidative double-stranded damage in HeLa cells, indicating that IVM has potential genotoxicity to human health. In addition, we observed the formation of LC3-B in HeLa cells, the accumulation of Beclin1, the degradation of p62 and the activation of the AMPK/mTOR signal transduction pathway. This suggests that IVM confers cytotoxicity through autophagy mediated by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. We conclude that IVM produces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity by inducing DNA damage and AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy, thereby posing a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongfei Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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22
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Xu W, Xu Z, Li Z, Cheng J, Tao L. Pyrethrum extract induces oxidative DNA damage and AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139925. [PMID: 32562985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethrum extract is used to produce the most widely applied botanical pesticides in agriculture. Though it primarily targets voltage-gated sodium channels in pests, its toxic effects in non-target systems, particularly in humans, is unclear. In this study, we investigated potential cytotoxic effects and their underlying mechanisms on human nerve cells in vitro. We found that pyrethrum extract exposure markedly inhibited cell viability and triggered oxidative DNA damage in human SH-SY5Y cells. It also induced LC3-II formation, upregulated Beclin-1 protein production, downregulated p62 protein production, and facilitated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results indicate that cytotoxic exposure to pyrethrum extract could be associated with AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in human nerve cells. Furthermore, the oxidative DNA damage suggests that pyrethrum extract exerts severe toxic effects on human nerve cells. In conclusion, pyrethrum extract carries a risk to human health by inducing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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23
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Ding L, Wu J, Tang N, Tao L, Xu W, Lu Z, Zhang Y. Antifungal activity of an allicin derivative against Penicillium expansum via induction of oxidative stress. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:962-970. [PMID: 33022788 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The application of natural preservatives has become an attractive method for controlling postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. Allicin, the main active ingredient of allium plants, has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. However, the unstable properties of allicin limit its wide application. In this study, 1-[(R)-ethylsulfinyl]sulfanylethane, a structurally stable derivative of allicin, was used to explore its antifungal activity and potential mechanism on the expansion of Penicillium expansum. We demonstrated the antifungal activity of 1-[(R)-ethylsulfinyl]sulfanylethane through in vitro antifungal experiments. At the concentration is 2 mg/L, 1-[((R)-ethylsulfinyl]sulfanyl]ethane can completely inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth, whereas the concentration of allicin needs to reach 16 mg/L. Fungal Biochemical assay indicated that decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, overgeneration of reactive oxygen species, decrease of adenosine triphosphate and glutathione content, increase of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde content. The results revealed that 1-[(R)-ethylsulfinyl]sulfanylethane induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in P. expansum. Due to its excellent antifungal activity, 1-[((R)-ethylsulfinyl]sulfanyl]ethane might be developed as a substitute for fungicides against P. expansum in postharvest fruit storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Jiao Z, Wu Y, Qu S. Fenpropathrin induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons via disruption of the mitochondrial quality control system. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:78. [PMID: 32884840 PMCID: PMC7447795 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic pyrethroid derivative, fenpropathrin, is a widely used insecticide. However, a variety of toxic effects in mammals have been reported. In particular, fenpropathrin induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and parkinsonism. However, the mechanism of fenpropathrin-induced parkinsonism has remained unknown. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of fenpropathrin on perturbing the dopaminergic system both in vivo and in vitro. We found that fenpropathrin induced cellular death of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Furthermore, fenpropathrin increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, disrupted both mitochondrial function and dynamic networks, impaired synaptic communication, and promoted mitophagy in vitro. In mice, fenpropathrin was administered into the striatum via stereotaxic (ST) injections. ST-injected mice exhibited poor locomotor function at 24 weeks after the first ST injection and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells and level of TH protein in the substantia nigra pars compacta were significantly decreased, as compared to these parameters in vehicle-treated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that exposure to fenpropathrin induces a loss of dopaminergic neurons and partially mimics the pathologic features of Parkinson's disease. These findings suggest that fenpropathrin may induce neuronal degeneration via dysregulation of mitochondrial function and the mitochondrial quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
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25
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He B, Ni Y, Jin Y, Fu Z. Pesticides-induced energy metabolic disorders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139033. [PMID: 32388131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders have become a heavy burden on society. Recently, through excessive use, pesticides have been found to be present in environmental matrixes and sometimes even accumulate in humans or other mammals through the food chain, which then causes health concerns. Evidence has indicated that pesticides have the potential to induce energy metabolic disorders by disturbing the physical process of energy absorption in the intestine and energy storage in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans or other mammals. In addition, the homeostasis of energy regulation by the pancreas and immune cells is also affected by pesticides. These pesticide-induced disruptions ultimately cause abnormal levels of blood glucose and lipids, which in turn induce the development of related metabolic diseases, including overweight, underweight, insulin resistance and even diabetes. In this review, the results of previous studies focused on the induction of metabolic disorders by pesticides are summarized. We hope that this work will facilitate the discovery of a potential strategy for the treatment of diseases caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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26
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He B, Wang X, Jin X, Xue Z, Zhu J, Wang C, Jin Y, Fu Z. β -Cypermethrin promotes the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via inducing autophagy and shaping an adipogenesis-friendly microenvironment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:821-831. [PMID: 32637997 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids has garnered attention, and studies have revealed that pyrethroids promote fat accumulation and lead to obesity in mice. Nevertheless, the effect of β-cypermethrin (β-CYP) on adipogenesis and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, mouse embryo fibroblasts 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to β-CYP, and the cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, autophagy, and adipogenesis were assessed to investigate the roles of oxidative stress and autophagy in the toxic effects of β-CYP on adipogenesis. The results demonstrated that treatment with 100 μΜ β-CYP elevated the ROS level, decreased mitochondrion membrane potential, stimulated autophagy, and enhanced the adipogenesis induced by the mixture of insulin, dexamethasone, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. However, co-treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine partially blocked the abovementioned effects of β-CYP in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, co-treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy agonist, enhanced the inductive effect of β-CYP on adipogenesis, whereas co-treatment with 3-methyladenine blocked the enhancement of adipogenesis caused by β-CYP. Moreover, β-CYP also altered the microenvironment of 3T3-L1 cells to an adipogenesis-friendly one by reducing the extracellular expression of miR-34a, suggesting that the culture media of β-CYP-treated 3T3-L1 cells could shift macrophages to M2 type. Taken together, the data obtained in the present study demonstrated that β-CYP promoted adipogenesis via oxidative stress-mediated autophagy disturbance, and it caused macrophage M2 polarization via the alteration of miR-34a level in the microenvironment. The study demonstrated the adipogenesis-promoting effect of β-CYP and unveiled the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xini Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zimeng Xue
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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27
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Xu J, Zhao X, Zeng J, Yu JH, Guan S, Xu XM, Mei L. Role of autophagy in the periodontal ligament reconstruction during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Dent Sci 2020; 15:351-363. [PMID: 32952894 PMCID: PMC7486518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Autophagy, a lysosome-based degradation pathway that is reportedly activated by mechanical stress and nutrient deprivation, plays an important role in various physiological and pathological events. The present study investigated the level of autophagy and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) expression in the periodontal ligaments (PDLs) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to analyze the involvement of autophagy and inflammatory cytokines in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and maintaining periodontal tissue homeostasis. Materials and methods SD rats (n = 100) were randomly divided into a control group (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 90). An orthodontic appliance was placed in each rat in the experimental group, and 10 rats were randomly euthanized 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after mechanical loading. The OTM distance was then measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to analyze the morphology of the PDL. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were also performed. Results After the application of orthodontic force and under the dual effects of mechanical force and starvation caused by compressed vessels, the level of autophagy and TNF-α expression in the PDL fluctuated and exhibited a similar trend. Conclusion Our data suggest a significant correlation between the initiation of autophagy and TNF-α expression, which both exerted positive effects on PDL remodeling during OTM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing-Hong Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Simon Guan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Xiao-Mei Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, 2 Jiangyang South Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China.
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Science, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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He B, Wang X, Yang C, Zhu J, Jin Y, Fu Z. The regulation of autophagy in the pesticide-induced toxicity: Angel or demon? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125138. [PMID: 31670000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have become an essential tool for pest kill, weed control and microbiome inhibition for both agricultural and domestic use. However, with the massive use, pesticides can exist in soil, air and water, and sometimes even accumulate in the human or other mammals through food chains. Lots of researches have proven that pesticides possess toxicity to mammals on endocrine, neural and immune systems. Autophagy, as a conservative intracellular process, which is activated by stress-related signals, plays a pivotal role, either "angle" or "demon", in regulation of cell fate and function. Recent evidences in researches elucidated a strong link between the autophagy and the toxicity of pesticides. In this review, we summarized the previous researches which focus on the autophagy regulation in the pesticides-induced toxicity, and hope that this work can help us to discover a potential strategy for the treatment of the disease caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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29
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Jiang H, Zhang N, Chen M, Meng X, Ji C, Ge H, Dong F, Miao L, Yang X, Xu X, Qian K, Wang J. Transcriptional and post-translational activation of AMPKα by oxidative, heat, and cold stresses in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1079-1089. [PMID: 31401772 PMCID: PMC6882985 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has important roles in the regulation of energy metabolism, and AMPK activity and its regulation have been the focus of relevant investigations. However, functional characterization of AMPK is still limited in insects. In this study, the full-length cDNA coding AMPKα (TcAMPKα) was isolated from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. The TcAMPKα gene contains an ORF of 1581 bp encoding a protein of 526 amino acid residues, which shared conserved domain structure with Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian orthologs. Exposure of female adults to oxidative, heat, and cold stresses caused an increase in TcAMPKα mRNA expression levels and phosphorylation of Thr-173 in the activation loop. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of TcAMPKα resulted in the increased sensitivity of T. castaneum to oxidative, heat, and cold stresses. These results suggest that stress signals regulate TcAMPKα activity, and TcAMPKα plays an important role in enabling protective mechanisms and processes that confer resistance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minxuan Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Caihong Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Fan Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lijun Miao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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30
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Hao Y, Xu W, Gao J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Tao L. Roundup-Induced AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Human A549 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11364-11372. [PMID: 31542934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticide caused an amount of pressure on the environment and increased the potential human health risk. Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) is one of the most widely used pesticides based on a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase target, which does not exist in vertebrates. Here, we study autophagic effects of the most famous commercial GBH Roundup (RDP) on human A549 cells in vitro. Intracellular biochemical assay indicated opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, LC3-II conversion, up-regulation of beclin-1, down-regulation of p62, and the changes in the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR induced by RDP in A549 cells. Further experimental results indicated that all the effects induced by RDP were related to its adjuvant polyethoxylated tallow amine, not its herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate isopropylamine salt. All these results showed that RDP has the ability to induce AMPK/mTOR-mediated cell autophagy in human A549 cells. This study would provide a theoretical basis for understanding RDP's autophagic effects on human A549 cells and attract attention on the potential human health risks induced by the adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwu Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Chen H, Gao J, Tao L, Li Z, Xu W. The cytotoxic effects of spinetoram on human HepG2 cells by inducing DNA damage and mitochondria-associated apoptosis. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1650900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- CCPIA International Trade Committee, China Crop Protection Industry Association, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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He B, Wang X, Zhu J, Kong B, Wei L, Jin Y, Fu Z. Autophagy protects murine macrophages from β-cypermethrin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity via the reduction of oxidation stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:416-425. [PMID: 31026688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The immunotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroid (SPs) has garnered much attention, and our previous research demonstrated that β-CYP causes immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in macrophages. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were exposed to β-CYP. The results showed that β-CYP elevated intracellular ROS levels in both RAW 264.7 cells and PMs. Exposure to β-CYP also caused mitochondrial dysfunction with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular ATP level and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in the two cell types. In addition, exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to β-CYP for 12 h and 24 h enhanced autophagy, with elevated Beclin1, Rab7, Lamp1 and LC3-II expression levels, while 48 h of exposure attenuated autophagy. In contrast, exposure of PMs to β-CYP for 12 h promoted autophagy, whereas exposure for 24 h and 48 h impaired autophagy. Cotreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), partially blocked the reduced MMP, intracellular ATP level and autophagy disturbance. Moreover, cotreatment with an autophagy agonist, rapamycin (RAPA), partially blocked mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the two cell types, whereas cotreatment with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), augmented the abovementioned toxic effects. Furthermore, mitochondrial ROS levels in both RAW 264.7 cells and PMs were elevated by exposure to β-CYP, and molecular docking showed that β-CYP docked with mouse respiratory chain complex I by binding to the ND2, ND4, and ND5 subunits of the protein complex. Taken together, the data obtained in the present study demonstrate that oxidative stress partially mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy disturbance upon exposure to β-CYP in macrophages, and autophagy plays a protective role against the toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Baida Kong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Zhang Y, Fan Y, Gao J, Xu W, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Tao L. A new 24-membered macrolide shows insecticidal activity against Pieris rapae potentially through induction of programmed cell death. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1626808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Jiang L, Liu T, Xie L, Ouyang C, Ji J, Huang T. AICAR prolongs corneal allograft survival via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108558. [PMID: 30856534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune rejection is a critical complication that results in the graft failure after corneal transplantation. Thus, there remains a need for new therapies for allograft rejection. AICAR (aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) is an, as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator and a purine nucleoside with a wide range of metabolic effects, including activation of AMPK. More recently, it was reported that it is possible to inhibiting organs rejection and prolong the graft survival time in various models of organ transplantation. In this study, we systematically evaluated the efficacy of AICAR as a treatment modality for inhibiting allograft rejection in a mouse model of corneal transplantation. We found that AICAR significantly suppressed the opacity, edema, and vascularization of the graft, resulting in prolonged corneal allograft survival. AICAR treatment also significantly decreased central corneal thickness. Moreover, the AICAR-treated group showed decreased expression of IB4 and VEGF as compared to the control group. In addition, the mRNA expression of T helper 1 cytokines (IL-2, INF-γ, and TNF-α) was suppressed, and the expression of T helper 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) was elevated by AICAR. Furthermore, the western blotting results revealed that AICAR stimulated AMPK activation and inhibited angiogenesis and inflammation possibly by subsequently suppressing mTOR phosphorylation. By contrast, the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (also called dorsomorphin) had the opposite effect. Our results showed that Compound C blocked AMPK-mTOR signaling and promoted the angiogenesis and inflammation, thus compromising the graft survival. These results suggest that AICAR may be a potential option for inhibiting the corneal graft rejection and for prolonging the graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
| | - Lijie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
| | - Chen Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
| | - Jianping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China.
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