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Clark BL, Carneiro APB, Pearmain EJ, Rouyer MM, Clay TA, Cowger W, Phillips RA, Manica A, Hazin C, Eriksen M, González-Solís J, Adams J, Albores-Barajas YV, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Alho MS, Araujo DT, Arcos JM, Arnould JPY, Barbosa NJP, Barbraud C, Beard AM, Beck J, Bell EA, Bennet DG, Berlincourt M, Biscoito M, Bjørnstad OK, Bolton M, Booth Jones KA, Borg JJ, Bourgeois K, Bretagnolle V, Bried J, Briskie JV, Brooke MDL, Brownlie KC, Bugoni L, Calabrese L, Campioni L, Carey MJ, Carle RD, Carlile N, Carreiro AR, Catry P, Catry T, Cecere JG, Ceia FR, Cherel Y, Choi CY, Cianchetti-Benedetti M, Clarke RH, Cleeland JB, Colodro V, Congdon BC, Danielsen J, De Pascalis F, Deakin Z, Dehnhard N, Dell'Omo G, Delord K, Descamps S, Dilley BJ, Dinis HA, Dubos J, Dunphy BJ, Emmerson LM, Fagundes AI, Fayet AL, Felis JJ, Fischer JH, Freeman AND, Fromant A, Gaibani G, García D, Gjerdrum C, Gomes ISGC, Forero MG, Granadeiro JP, Grecian WJ, Grémillet D, Guilford T, Hallgrimsson GT, Halpin LR, Hansen ES, Hedd A, Helberg M, Helgason HH, Henry LM, Hereward HFR, Hernandez-Montero M, Hindell MA, Hodum PJ, Imperio S, Jaeger A, Jessopp M, Jodice PGR, Jones CG, Jones CW, Jónsson JE, Kane A, Kapelj S, Kim Y, Kirk H, Kolbeinsson Y, Kraemer PL, Krüger L, Lago P, Landers TJ, Lavers JL, Le Corre M, Leal A, Louzao M, Madeiros J, Magalhães M, Mallory ML, Masello JF, Massa B, Matsumoto S, McDuie F, McFarlane Tranquilla L, Medrano F, Metzger BJ, Militão T, Montevecchi WA, Montone RC, Navarro-Herrero L, Neves VC, Nicholls DG, Nicoll MAC, Norris K, Oppel S, Oro D, Owen E, Padget O, Paiva VH, Pala D, Pereira JM, Péron C, Petry MV, de Pina A, Pina ATM, Pinet P, Pistorius PA, Pollet IL, Porter BJ, Poupart TA, Powell CDL, Proaño CB, Pujol-Casado J, Quillfeldt P, Quinn JL, Raine AF, Raine H, Ramírez I, Ramos JA, Ramos R, Ravache A, Rayner MJ, Reid TA, Robertson GJ, Rocamora GJ, Rollinson DP, Ronconi RA, Rotger A, Rubolini D, Ruhomaun K, Ruiz A, Russell JC, Ryan PG, Saldanha S, Sanz-Aguilar A, Sardà-Serra M, Satgé YG, Sato K, Schäfer WC, Schoombie S, Shaffer SA, Shah N, Shoji A, Shutler D, Sigurðsson IA, Silva MC, Small AE, Soldatini C, Strøm H, Surman CA, Takahashi A, Tatayah VRV, Taylor GA, Thomas RJ, Thompson DR, Thompson PM, Thórarinsson TL, Vicente-Sastre D, Vidal E, Wakefield ED, Waugh SM, Weimerskirch H, Wittmer HU, Yamamoto T, Yoda K, Zavalaga CB, Zino FJ, Dias MP. Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3665. [PMID: 37402727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world's oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth J Pearmain
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Thomas A Clay
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- People and Nature, Environmental Defense Fund, Monterey, CA, USA
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Win Cowger
- University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carolina Hazin
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
- The Nature Conservancy, London, UK
| | | | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josh Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Yuri V Albores-Barajas
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur - UABCS, La Paz, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto
- Carrera de Biologia Marina, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru
- University of Exeter, School of Biosciences, Cornwall Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Maria Saldanha Alho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Annalea M Beard
- St. Helena Government, Jamestown, St. Helena, UK
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessie Beck
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Della G Bennet
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Manuel Biscoito
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Museu de História Natural do Funchal, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - John J Borg
- National Museum of Natural History, Mdina, Malta
| | - Karen Bourgeois
- 3 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Joël Bried
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - James V Briskie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M de L Brooke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Leandro Bugoni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Licia Calabrese
- Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Seychelles
| | - Letizia Campioni
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark J Carey
- Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan D Carle
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Carlile
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ana R Carreiro
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Fornelo e Vairão, Portugal
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Catry
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacopo G Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Rohan H Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaimie B Cleeland
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Bradley C Congdon
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | | | - Federico De Pascalis
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Zoe Deakin
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina Dehnhard
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | | | - Ben J Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Jerome Dubos
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Brendon J Dunphy
- Institute of Marine Sciences/School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Annette L Fayet
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan J Felis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- United States Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Johannes H Fischer
- Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles
- Aquatic Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Aymeric Fromant
- Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | | | - David García
- Iniciativa de Recerca de la Biodiversitat de les Illes (IRBI), Pina, Spain
| | - Carina Gjerdrum
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Manuela G Forero
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - José P Granadeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim Guilford
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Luke R Halpin
- Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Halpin Wildlife Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - April Hedd
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, NC, Canada
| | - Morten Helberg
- Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- BirdLife Norway, Sandgata 30 B, 7012, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Hannah F R Hereward
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- British Trust for Ornithology Cymru, Thoday Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | | | - Mark A Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Simona Imperio
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Mark Jessopp
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick G R Jodice
- U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Carl G Jones
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Vacoas, Mauritius
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Trinity, Jersey
| | - Christopher W Jones
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jón Einar Jónsson
- University of Iceland's Research Center at Snæfellsnes, Stykkishólmur, Iceland
| | - Adam Kane
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Yuna Kim
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Philipp L Kraemer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lucas Krüger
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto Milénio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo Lago
- SEO/BirdLife, Barcelona, Spain
- BirdLife Malta, Ta' Xbiex, Malta
| | - Todd J Landers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Council, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Tjaltjraak Native Title Aboriginal Corporation, Esperance, WA, Australia
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Andreia Leal
- Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Jeremy Madeiros
- Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Bermuda Government, Flatts, Bermuda
| | - Maria Magalhães
- Regional Directorate for Marine Policies, Azores Government, Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | | | - Juan F Masello
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bruno Massa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fiona McDuie
- San Jose State University Research Foundation, San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | - Fernando Medrano
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Leia Navarro-Herrero
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica C Neves
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
- IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Oro
- CEAB-CSIC, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Blanes, Spain
| | - Ellie Owen
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Inverness, UK
- The National Trust for Scotland, Balnain House, Huntly Street, Inverness, UK
| | - Oliver Padget
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vítor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Pala
- Parco naturale Regionale di Porto Conte, Alghero, Italy
| | - Jorge M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clara Péron
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA) - Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Maria V Petry
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrick Pinet
- Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Pierre A Pistorius
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina B Proaño
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Júlia Pujol-Casado
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - John L Quinn
- School of BEES, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andre F Raine
- Archipelago Research and Conservation, Kalaheo, HI, USA
| | - Helen Raine
- Archipelago Research and Conservation, Kalaheo, HI, USA
| | - Iván Ramírez
- Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raül Ramos
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Ravache
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ifremer), Centre IRD Nouméa, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | | | | | | | - Gerard J Rocamora
- Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Seychelles
| | - Dominic P Rollinson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert A Ronconi
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andreu Rotger
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, Italy
| | - Kevin Ruhomaun
- National Parks and Parks Conservation Service, Reduit, Mauritius
| | | | - James C Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Saldanha
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sanz-Aguilar
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Mariona Sardà-Serra
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvan G Satgé
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Wiebke C Schäfer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schoombie
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mónica C Silva
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Evolutionary Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cecilia Soldatini
- CICESE - Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada - Unidad La Paz, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David R Thompson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Diego Vicente-Sastre
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Vidal
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, UNC, CNRS, IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- UMR IMBE (IRD, AMU, CNRS, UAPV), Nouméa, France
| | | | | | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Heiko U Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Ken Yoda
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Maria P Dias
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Evolutionary Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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