1
|
Kim SH, Bae S, Sung YW, Hwang YS. Effects of particle size on toxicity, bioaccumulation, and translocation of zinc oxide nanoparticles to bok choy (Brassica chinensis L.) in garden soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116519. [PMID: 38833977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in daily life can lead to their release into soil environment. These ZnO NPs can be taken up by crops and translocated to their edible part, potentially causing risks to the ecosystem and human health. In this study, we conducted pot experiments to determine phytotoxicity, bioaccumulation and translocation depending on the size (10 - 30 nm, 80 - 200 nm and 300 nm diameter) and concentration (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg Zn/kg) of ZnO NPs and Zn ion (Zn2+) in bok choy, a leafy green vegetable crop. After 14 days of exposure, our results showed that large-sized ZnO NPs (i.e., 300 nm) at the highest concentration exhibited greater phytotoxicity, including obstruction of leaf and root weight (42.5 % and 33.8 %, respectively) and reduction of chlorophyll a and b content (50.2 % and 85.2 %, respectively), as well as changes in the activities of oxidative stress responses compared to those of small-sized ZnO NPs, although their translocation ability was relatively lower than that of smaller ones. The translocation factor (TF) values decreased as the size of ZnO NPs increased, with TF values of 0.68 for 10 - 30 nm, 0.55 for 80 - 200 nm, and 0.27 for 300 nm ZnO NPs, all at the highest exposure concentration. Both the results of micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectrometer and bio-transmission electron microscopy (bio-TEM) showed that the Zn elements were mainly localized at the edges of leaves exposed to small-sized ZnO NPs. However, the Zn elements upon exposure to large-sized ZnO NP were primarily observed in the primary veins of leaves in the μ-XRF data, indicating a limitation in their ability to translocate from roots to leaves. This study not only advances our comprehension of the environmental impact of nanotechnology but also holds considerable implications for the future of sustainable agriculture and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Bae
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Sung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sik Hwang
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moshirian Farahi SM, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Einafshar E, Akhondi M, Ebadi M, Azimipour S, Mahmoodzadeh H, Iranbakhsh A. The effects of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant properties of Vitex plant ( Vitex agnus - Castus L). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22144. [PMID: 38034643 PMCID: PMC10685375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in agriculture in order to increase the yield and growth characteristics of plants. This study investigated the effects of TiO2NPs on photosynthetic pigments and several biochemical activities and antioxidant enzymes of the Vitex plant. Different concentrations of nanoparticles (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) at five levels were sprayed on Vitex plants on the 30th day of the experiment. TiO2NPs at different concentrations had positive effects on root and shoot dry weight and a negative effect on leaf dry weight. The amount of chlorophyll increased with the concentration of TiO2NPs; however, the amount of chlorophyll b showed a decreasing trend while the total chlorophyll had a constant trend. The highest amount of soluble sugar was obtained in the treatment of 200 ppm nanoparticles. The application of TiO2NPs did not have any effect on the content of proline and soluble proteins of Vitex plant. The effects of foliar TiO2NPs, compared to the control, showed a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In general, TiO2NPs had a favorable effect on dry matter production and some antioxidant and biochemical properties of the Vitex plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elham Einafshar
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akhondi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Shahrouz Azimipour
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Homa Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanchez-Campos Y, Cárcamo-Fincheira P, González-Villagra J, Jorquera-Fontena E, Acevedo P, Soto-Cerda B, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Tighe-Neira R. Physiological and molecular effects of TiO 2 nanoparticle application on UV-A radiation stress responses in Solanum lycopersicum L. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1527-1537. [PMID: 37269354 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) alter photosynthetic and biochemical parameters in Solanum lycopersicum L., possibly due to their photocatalytic properties given by energy absorption in the UV-A range; however, the joint effects TiO2 NPs and UV-A radiation are not well understood. This work evaluates the combined responses of TiO2 NPs and UV-A radiation at the physiological and molecular levels in S. lycopersicum. In a split growth chamber, the presence (UV-A +) and absence (UV-A -) of UV-A were combined with 0 (water as a control), and 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 of TiO2 NPs applied at sowing. At the end of exposure (day 30 after sowing), the photosynthetic performance was determined, and biochemical and molecular parameters were evaluated in leaf tissues. Better photochemical performance in UV-A + than UV-A - in control plants was observed, but these effects decreased in 1000 and 2000 mg TiO2 L-1, similar to net CO2 assimilation. A clear increase in photosynthetic pigment levels was recorded under UV-A + compared to UV-A - that was positively correlated with photosynthetic parameters. A concomitant increase in total phenols was observed on adding TiO2 in UV-A - conditions, while a decreasing trend in lipid peroxidation was observed for the same treatments. There was an increase in psbB gene expression under TiO2/UV-A + treatments, and a reduced expression of rbcS and rbcL under UV-A - . These results suggest that the reduction in photosynthetic performance on applying high doses of TiO2 NPs is probably due to biochemical limitation, while UV-A achieves the same result via the photochemical component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yissel Sanchez-Campos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paz Cárcamo-Fincheira
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge González-Villagra
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio Jorquera-Fontena
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Braulio Soto-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Tighe-Neira
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vithanage M, Zhang X, Gunarathne V, Zhu Y, Herath L, Peiris K, Solaiman ZM, Bolan N, Siddique KHM. Plant nanobionics: Fortifying food security via engineered plant productivity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115934. [PMID: 37080274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The world's human population is increasing exponentially, increasing the demand for high-quality food sources. As a result, there is a major global concern over hunger and malnutrition in developing countries with limited food resources. To address this issue, researchers worldwide must focus on developing improved crop varieties with greater productivity to overcome hunger. However, conventional crop breeding methods require extensive periods to develop new varieties with desirable traits. To tackle this challenge, an innovative approach termed plant nanobionics introduces nanomaterials (NMs) into cell organelles to enhance or modify plant function and thus crop productivity and yield. A comprehensive review of nanomaterials affect crop yield is needed to guide nanotechnology research. This article critically reviews nanotechnology applications for engineering plant productivity, seed germination, crop growth, enhancing photosynthesis, and improving crop yield and quality, and discusses nanobionic approaches such as smart drug delivery systems and plant nanobiosensors. Moreover, the review describes NM classification and synthesis and human health-related and plant toxicity hazards. Our findings suggest that nanotechnology application in agricultural production could significantly increase crop yields to alleviate global hunger pressures. However, the environmental risks associated with NMs should be investigated thoroughly before their widespread adoption in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Yi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lasantha Herath
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nano Technology, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanchana Peiris
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The Uniersity of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The Uniersity of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The Uniersity of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim SH, Bae S, Hwang YS. Comparative bioaccumulation, translocation, and phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles and metal ions in soil-crop system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158938. [PMID: 36152853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the soil environment to metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has been extensive because of their indiscriminate use and the disposal of MNP products in various applications. In MNP-amended soil, various crops can absorb the nanoparticles, and accumulation of the MNPs in farm products has potential risks for bioconcentration in humans and livestock. Here, we evaluated the comparative bioaccumulation, translocation, and phytotoxicity of MNPs (ZnO and CuO NPs) and metal ions (Zn(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2) in four different crops, namely lettuce, radish, bok choy, and tomato. We carried out pot experiments to evaluate the phytotoxicity in the crops from the presence of MNPs and metal ions. Phytotoxicity from different treatments differed depending on the plant species, and metal types. In addition, exposure to Zn and Cu showed positive dose-dependent effects on their bioaccumulation in each crop. However, there were no significant differences in metal bioaccumulation depending on whether the crops were exposed to MNPs or metal ions. By calculating the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), we were able to estimate the biological uptake and translocation abilities of MNPs and metal ions for each crop. It was found that lettuce and radish had greater BCFs than bok choy and tomato, while bok choy and tomato had higher TFs. Also, the uptake and translocation of Zn were better than those of Cu. However, the values for BCF and TF for each crop showed no significant differences between MNP and metal ion exposure. A micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectrometer analysis demonstrated that only Zn elements appeared in the primary veins and edges of all leaves and the storage root of radish. Our study aims to estimate bioaccumulation, translocation, and the implied potential risks from MNPs accumulated in different plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sujin Bae
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yu Sik Hwang
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of TiO 2 Nanoparticles Incorporation into Cells of Tomato Roots. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051127. [PMID: 33925353 PMCID: PMC8145037 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tomato plants were grown in vitro with and without incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in Murashige and Skoog (MS) growth medium. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological (area and roundness cell) and mechanical (Young’s Modulus) change in the different tissue of tomato root, epidermis (Ep), parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb), when the whole plant was exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques were used to identify changes into the root cells when TiO2 NPs were incorporated. TiO2 NPs incorporation produces changes in the area, roundness, and Young’s Modulus of the tomato root. When tomato root is exposed to TiO2 NPs, the Ep and Vb area size decreases from 260.92 µm2 to 160.71 µm2 and, 103.08 µm2 to 52.13 µm2, respectively, compared with the control area, while in Pa tissue the area size was increased considerably from 337.72 mm2 to 892.96 mm2. Cellular roundness was evident in tomato root that was exposed to TiO2 NPs in the Ep (0.49 to 0.67), Pa (0.63 to 0.79), and Vb (0.76 to 0.71) area zones. Young’s Modulus in Pa zone showed a rigid mechanical behavior when tomato root is exposed to TiO2 NPs (0.48 to 4.98 MPa control and TiO2 NPs, respectively). Meanwhile, Ep and Vb were softer than the control sample (13.9 to 1.06 MPa and 6.37 to 4.41 MPa respectively). This means that the Pa zone was stiffer than Ep and Vb when the root is exposed to TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs were internalized in the root tissue of tomato, accumulating mainly in the cell wall and intercellular spaces, with a wide distribution throughout the tissue, as seen in TEM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva TD, Batista DS, Castro KM, Fortini EA, Felipe SHS, Fernandes AM, Sousa RMJ, Chagas K, da Silva JVS, Correia LNF, Torres-Silva G, Farias LM, Otoni WC. Irradiance-driven 20-hydroxyecdysone production and morphophysiological changes in Pfaffia glomerata plants grown in vitro. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:151-167. [PMID: 32975717 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pfaffia glomerata possesses potential pharmacological and medicinal properties, mainly owing to the secondary metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Increasing production of biomass and 20E is important for industrial purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of irradiance on plant morphology and production of 20E in P. glomerata grown in vitro. Nodal segments of accessions 22 and 43 (Ac22 and Ac43) were inoculated in culture medium containing MS salts and vitamins. Cultures were maintained at 25 ± 2 °C under a 16-h photoperiod and subjected to irradiance treatments of 65, 130, and 200 μmol m-2 s-1 by fluorescent lamps. After 30 days, growth parameters, pigment content, stomatal density, in vitro photosynthesis, metabolites content, and morphoanatomy were assessed. Notably, Ac22 plants exhibited 10-fold higher 20E production when cultivated at 200 μmol m-2 s-1 than at 65 μmol m-2 s-1, evidencing the importance of light quantity for the accumulation of this metabolite. 20E production was twice as high in Ac22 as in Ac43 plants although both accessions responded positively to higher irradiance. Growth under 200 μmol m-2 s-1 stimulated photosynthesis and consequent biomass accumulation, but lowered carotenoids and anthocyanins. Furthermore, increasing irradiance enhanced the number of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, enhancing the overall growth of P. glomerata. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Dulcineia Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Bananeiras, PB, 58220-000, Brazil
| | - Kamila Motta Castro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Alexandre Fortini
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Mendes Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Raysa Mayara Jesus Sousa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza, CE, 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Kristhiano Chagas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Torres-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Monteiro Farias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wojcieszek J, Jiménez-Lamana J, Ruzik L, Szpunar J, Jarosz M. To-Do and Not-To-Do in Model Studies of the Uptake, Fate and Metabolism of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles in Plants. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1480. [PMID: 32731603 PMCID: PMC7466506 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing release of metal-containing nanoparticles into the environment, the investigation of their interactions with plants has become a hot topic for many research fields. However, the obtention of reliable data requires a careful design of experimental model studies. The behavior of nanoparticles has to be comprehensively investigated; their stability in growth media, bioaccumulation and characterization of their physicochemical forms taken-up by plants, identification of the species created following their dissolution/oxidation, and finally, their localization within plant tissues. On the basis of their strong expertise, the authors present guidelines for studies of interactions between metal-containing nanoparticles and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wojcieszek
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (L.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Javier Jiménez-Lamana
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64053 Pau, France;
| | - Lena Ruzik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (L.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64053 Pau, France;
| | - Maciej Jarosz
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (L.R.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|