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Yang F, Wang Q, Liu W, Xiao H, Hu J, Duan X, Sun X, Liu C, Wang H. Changes and correlation analysis of volatile flavor compounds, amino acids, and soluble sugars in durian during different drying processes. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101238. [PMID: 38420506 PMCID: PMC10900836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Durian contains rich flavor components that undergo complex changes during drying. In this study, durian was subjected to integrated freeze-drying (IFD), conventional freeze-drying (CFD), and hot air drying (AD). Compared with the fresh samples, those dried by IFD, CFD, and AD lost 11, 9, and 7 original volatile compounds, respectively, and generated 7, 6, and 8 new volatile compounds, respectively, and showed a rapid and then slow decreasing trend in the total content during drying. However, the types of amino acids and soluble sugars remained unchanged during each of the drying methods. Furthermore, volatile compounds showed a significant negative correlation with the majority of amino acids and a significant positive correlation with soluble sugars. The IFD samples had the highest content of volatile compounds, amino acids, and soluble sugars. Therefore, IFD is recommended as a preferable drying method for durian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China
| | - Qianju Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China
| | - Xiyun Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China
| | - Chunju Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
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2
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Han Y, Deng X, Tong H, Chen Y. Effect of blister blight disease caused by Exobasidium on tea quality. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101077. [PMID: 38226324 PMCID: PMC10788223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Blister blight, as one of the most threatening and damaging disease worldwide, mainly infects young organs and tissues seriously affecting tea growth and quality. In this study, the spread of pathogen on tea leaves were examined by toluidine blue staining, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. The composition and abundance of fungal community on leaf tissues were firstly analyzed. Sensory evaluation and metabolites analysis indicated that diseased tea leaves had strong sweet taste and soluble sugars contributed significantly to the taste, while metabolites showing bitter and astringent taste (caffeine, catechins) were significantly decreased. According to the biological functions of differential metabolites, sugars including 7 monosaccharides (d-xylose, d-arabinose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, glucose, d-galactose and d-fructose), 2 disaccharide (sucrose and maltose) and 1 trisaccharide (raffinose) were the main differential sugars increased in content (>2 fold change), which was of great significance to sweet taste of diseased tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Han
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huarong Tong
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingjuan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Tighe-Neira R, Reyes-Díaz M, Nunes-Nesi A, Lana-Costa J, Recio G, Carmona ER, Acevedo P, Rengel Z, Inostroza-Blancheteau C. Physiological and agronomical traits effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum L. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:146. [PMID: 38413850 PMCID: PMC10900795 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been reported to have contrasting effects on plant physiology, while their effects on sugar, protein, and amino acid metabolism are poorly understood. In this work, we evaluated the effects of TiO2 NPs on physiological and agronomical traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Tomato seeds were treated with TiO2 NPs (1000 and 2000 mg L- 1), TiO2 microparticles (µPs, 2000 mg L- 1) as the size control, and ultrapure water as negative control. RESULTS The dry matter of stems (DMs), leaves (DMl) and total dry matter (DMt) decreased as particle concentration increased. This trend was also observed in the maximum quantum yield of light-adapted photosystem II (PSII) (Fv´/Fm´), the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and net photosynthesis (Pn). The concentrations of sugars, total soluble proteins, and total free amino acids were unaffected, but there were differences in the daily dynamics of these compounds among the treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that treating tomato seeds with TiO2 might affect PSII performance, net photosynthesis and decrease biomass production, associated with a concentration- and size-related effect of TiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Tighe-Neira
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Lana-Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Recio
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Erico R Carmona
- Laboratorio de Bio-nanomateriales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat s/n Campus Huayquique, Iquique, Chile
| | - Patricio Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla, Concepción, 4012, Chile
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Xiang Y, Huang XY, Zhao YW, Wang CK, Sun Q, Hu DG. Optimization of apple fruit flavor by MdVHP1-2 via modulation of soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108227. [PMID: 38043254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
For fleshy fruits, the content and ratio of organic acids and soluble sugars are key factors for their flavor. Therefore, a better understanding of soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation in vacuoles is essential to the improvement of fruit quality. Vacuolar-type inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) has been found in various plants with crucial functions based on the hydrolysis of PPi. However, the effects of V-PPase on the soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation in apple fruit remain unclear. In this study, MdVHP1-2, a V-PPase protein in the vacuolar membrane, was identified. The results showed a positive correlation between the expression of MdVHP1-2 and the sugar/acid ratio during ripening of apple fruits. A series of transgenic analyses showed that overexpression of MdVHP1-2 significantly elevated the contents of soluble sugars and organic acids as well as the sugar/acid ratio in apple fruits and calli. Additionally, transient interference induced by MdVHP1-2 expression inhibited the accumulation of soluble sugars and organic acids in apple fruits. In summary, this study provides insight into the mechanisms by which MdVHP1-2 modulates fruit flavor through mediation of soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation, thereby facilitating improvement of the overall quality of apple and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan Sun
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Zhou J, Yang S, Ma Y, Liu Z, Tu H, Wang H, Zhang J, Chen Q, He W, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Tang H, Wang Y, Wang X. Soluble sugar and organic acid composition and flavor evaluation of Chinese cherry fruits. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100953. [PMID: 37929267 PMCID: PMC10622630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cherry is an economically important fruit crop native to China. Flavor quality is greatly influenced by compositions of soluble sugars and organic acids. To better understand the flavor quality of Chinese cherry, we determined sugar and acid components in thirty-eight landrace and cultivar collections, and two wild resources using the HPLC method. Glucose and fructose were the main components, accounting for 85.91% of soluble sugars. Malic acid was the predominant organic acid, with an average proportion of 65.73% of total acids. Correlation and PCA analysis revealed seven key indicators for evaluating fruit flavor. Compared with wild Chinese cherry, the cultivated collections exhibited higher levels of soluble sugars, especially fructose, and lower levels of organic acid, particularly malic acid in fruits. Finally, we have established grading criteria for seven flavor indicators in Chinese cherry. Our study provides valuable references for identifying flavor compounds and improving flavor quality of Chinese cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuaiwei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongxia Tu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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6
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Celletti S, Fedeli R, Ghorbani M, Aseka JM, Loppi S. Exploring sustainable alternatives: Wood distillate alleviates the impact of bioplastic in basil plants. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:166484. [PMID: 37611709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bioplastics and bio-based crop management products in agriculture is driven by the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. However, recent research has raised concerns about the sustainability of bioplastics due to their potential negative impact on crop growth and yield, with implications for the environment and human health. In this study, wood distillate (WD) was evaluated as a natural enhancer of plant growth and defence system to mitigate the negative impact of a starch-based bioplastic on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The study analyzed physiological and biochemical changes in basil plants subjected for 35 days to single or combined treatments of WD and bioplastic by measuring biomarkers of healthy growth, such as soluble proteins, sugars, vitamin C, and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that WD promoted basil development, whereas the presence of bioplastic hindered it. Interestingly, WD did not affect sugars but increased vitamin C by 12 %, which is considered a positive effect as changes in sugar levels could indicate plant stress. In contrast, bioplastic resulted in reduced sugars (-41 %) and increased (+17 %) MDA level, while vitamin C content remained unchanged. However, when WD was added to plants grown with bioplastic, it elevated the levels of all examined parameters, except for sugars and vitamin C, which experienced reductions (-66 % and 33 %, respectively). Intriguingly, despite this reduction, the observed direct correlation between sugar and vitamin C contents was maintained, indicating that the decrease in sugar content may have reached a critical threshold. This study suggests that the use of WD has the potential to alleviate the adverse effects of bioplastic on basil growth and development and highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices in agriculture, as well as the need for a critical assessment of the environmental impact of new technologies and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Celletti
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Majid Ghorbani
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jonan Mbela Aseka
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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7
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Moshirian Farahi SM, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Einafshar E, Akhondi M, Ebadi M, Azimipour S, Mahmoodzadeh H, Iranbakhsh A. The effects of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant properties of Vitex plant ( Vitex agnus - Castus L). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22144. [PMID: 38034643 PMCID: PMC10685375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in agriculture in order to increase the yield and growth characteristics of plants. This study investigated the effects of TiO2NPs on photosynthetic pigments and several biochemical activities and antioxidant enzymes of the Vitex plant. Different concentrations of nanoparticles (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) at five levels were sprayed on Vitex plants on the 30th day of the experiment. TiO2NPs at different concentrations had positive effects on root and shoot dry weight and a negative effect on leaf dry weight. The amount of chlorophyll increased with the concentration of TiO2NPs; however, the amount of chlorophyll b showed a decreasing trend while the total chlorophyll had a constant trend. The highest amount of soluble sugar was obtained in the treatment of 200 ppm nanoparticles. The application of TiO2NPs did not have any effect on the content of proline and soluble proteins of Vitex plant. The effects of foliar TiO2NPs, compared to the control, showed a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In general, TiO2NPs had a favorable effect on dry matter production and some antioxidant and biochemical properties of the Vitex plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elham Einafshar
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akhondi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Shahrouz Azimipour
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Homa Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Rigi Karvandri A, Mehraban A, Ganjali HR, Miri KH, Mobasser HR. The biochemical properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. affected by irrigation water amount and quality. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:6903-6913. [PMID: 37145240 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water deficiency, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas, necessitates the proper water use and recycling. The objective was to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation as well as treated wastewater on the biochemical properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L., grown in the arid area of Iranshahr, Iran. A split-split plot design on the basis of a complete randomized block design with three replicates was conducted in 2017. Irrigation water treatments of (I1 = 100% of field capacity, FC), 75% of FC (I2), and 50% of FC (I3) as main plots, reduced (S1), and partial irrigation (S2), as sub-plots, and well water (Q1), treated wastewater (Q2), and the combination of Q1 and Q2 (Q3, 50% + 50%), as sub-sub plots, were tested. Plant biochemical properties including proline (Pr), soluble sugars (SS), and essential oil volume (V) and yield (Y) as well as water use efficiency (WUE) were determined. The I2, treatment, compared with I1, increased Pr, SS, V, Y and WUE by 34.4, 31.9, 52.6, 34.3, and 48.1%, respectively. The S2 treatment also increased plant biochemical properties more than 45% related to S1, and Q2 significantly enhanced the measured parameters compared with Q1 and Q3. Treated wastewater improved the essential oil yield of the plant in water deficit conditions. Accordingly, under deficit water conditions, treatment I2S2, and in the case of unfavorable water sources and deficit water conditions, treatment I2Q2 are recommendable to alleviate water stress and improve the biochemical properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in the arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rigi Karvandri
- Department of Agronomy, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - A Mehraban
- Department of Agronomy, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - H R Ganjali
- Department of Agronomy, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - K H Miri
- Balochistan Agriculture Research Center, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - H R Mobasser
- Department of Agronomy, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
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9
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Gouda M, Nassarawa SS, Gupta SD, Sanusi NI, Nasiru MM. Evaluation of carbon dioxide elevation on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of red onion (Allium cepa L.) during postharvest storage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 200:107752. [PMID: 37224628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered one of the eco-related key factors that negatively affect global climatic change. Also, CO2 can play an important role in the postharvest quality of the agri-products. In this study, the impact of CO2 on the quality of postharvest onions that were stored at 23 °C for 8 weeks was investigated. The weight loss, phenolic, flavonoid, flavanol, anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and soluble sugar were analyzed during the study period. The results showed that 20% CO2 treatment was significantly (P > 0.05) more effective than 15% CO2 and control in inhibiting weight loss. Additionally, 20% CO2 treatment significantly retained higher antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT, APX, and SOD than 15% CO2 and control. During storage, 20% CO2 treatment significantly (P < 0.05) improved glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels by more than 15% CO2 exposure and control groups. Besides the chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and quercetin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the 20% CO2 than in the 15% CO2 after 2 weeks of storage. In conclusion, this study's novelty comes from the broad prospects of using CO2 for maximizing the stored onion phytochemical functionality that is usually affected by the room temperature long storage. This will help in the onion shelf-life extension by considering the quality-related attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Gouda
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Sanusi Shamsudeen Nassarawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B.3011, Kano State, Nigeria.
| | - S Dutta Gupta
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Nassarawa Isma'il Sanusi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Kankara-Katsina Road, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Muhammad Nasiru
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
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10
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Ma L, Liu Y, Han Y, Deng H, Jiang H, Ren Y, Bi Y, Wang Y, Prusky D. Mechanical wounds expedited starch degradation in the wound tissues of potato tubers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124036. [PMID: 36921818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Starch degradation occurs rapidly in stressed plants, but it is unclear how starch degradation occurs in potato tubers after they incur mechanical wounding. In this study, we found that wounding significantly upregulated the expression levels of StGWD, StAMY, StBAM, and StISA, and decreased the starch content of potato tubers. Meanwhile, wounding markedly upregulated the expression levels of StSUS, StBG, and StINV genes, and increased the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Furthermore, wounding reduced the proportion of small starch granules and increase that of large as well as medium starch granules, in this way enhancing the average size distribution of starch. Initially, the hard surface layer of starch granules was removed by wounding, but the internal channels and other structures were only slightly affected. Taken together, the results show that wounding can accelerate starch degradation by promoting the accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and the hydrolysis of starch granules in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huiwen Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingyue Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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11
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Li Y, Liang G, Nai G, Lu S, Ma W, Ma Z, Mao J, Chen B. VaSUS2 confers cold tolerance in transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis by regulation of sucrose metabolism and ROS homeostasis. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:505-520. [PMID: 36645437 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
VaSUS2 enhances cold tolerance of transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis by regulating sucrose metabolism and improving antioxidant enzymes activity. Sucrose synthetase (SUS) is a key enzyme of sugar metabolism, and plays an important role in response to abiotic stress in plant. However, the function of VaSUS2 remains unknown in cold tolerance. Here, the cloning and functional characterization of the plasma membrane-localized VaSUS2 gene isolated from Vitis amurensis was studied. The transcript level of VaSUS2 was up-regulated under cold stress in Vitis amurensis. Heterologous expression of VaSUS2 in tomato increased SUS activity, which promoted the accumulation of glucose and fructose under cold treatment. The transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis exhibited higher levels of antioxidant enzymes activity, lower relative electrolyte leakage (REL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content compared to wild type under cold stress. Importantly, the ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transgenic plants was significantly improved. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) indicated that VaSnRK1 might be a potential interaction protein of VaSUS2. qRT-PCR showed that sucrose metabolism-related genes SlSUS, SlSPS and SlINV were significantly up-regulated in transgenic tomatoes. Meanwhile, the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes and cold-related genes CBF1, COR47 and ICE1 were up-regulated in transgenic plants. Taken together, these results suggested that VaSUS2 was involved in cold tolerance by increasing the levels of soluble sugars, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and up-regulating the expression of cold-related genes in transgenic tomatoes and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guojie Nai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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12
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Hafeez A, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA, Rizwan M, Ali S. Effects of exogenous taurine on growth, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and nutrient accumulation by Trifolium alexandrinum plants under manganese stress. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136523. [PMID: 36165928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants essentially require manganese (Mn) for their normal metabolic functioning. However, excess Mn in the cellular environment is detrimental to plant growth, development, and physio-biochemical functions. Taurine (TAU) is an amino acid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in animals and humans. However, no previous study has investigated the potential of TAU in plant metal stress tolerance. The current study provides some novel insights into the effect of TAU in modulating the defense system of Trifolium alexandrinum plants under Mn toxicity. Manganese toxicity resulted in higher oxidative stress and membrane damage through increased superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and methylglyoxal generation alongside enhanced lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Mn toxicity also resulted in limited uptake of potassium (K+), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), and increased the accumulation of Mn in both leaf and roots. However, TAU circumvented the Mn-induced oxidative stress by upregulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase) and levels of ascorbic acid, proline, anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids and glutathione (GSH). Taurine conspicuously improved the growth, photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) levels of Mn stressed plants. Taurine also improved the uptake of K+, Ca2+, P and reduced the Mn content in stressed plants. Overall, exogenous taurine might be a suitable strategy to combat Mn stress in T. alexandrinum plants but applications at field levels for various crops and metal toxicities and economic suitability need to be addressed before final recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Hafeez
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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13
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Olorunwa OJ, Adhikari B, Brazel S, Popescu SC, Popescu GV, Shi A, Barickman TC. Waterlogging during the reproductive growth stage causes physiological and biochemical modifications in the leaves of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes with contrasting tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:133-144. [PMID: 36115267 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging causes various metabolic, physiological, and morphological changes in crops, resulting in yield loss of most legumes in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. However, research on cowpea genotypes using physiological and biochemical traits as a measure of tolerance to waterlogging stress is limited. We evaluated the impacts of 7 days of waterlogging (DOW) and 7 days of recovery (DOR) on the physiology and biochemistry of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes (UCR 369 and EpicSelect.4) with contrasting waterlogging tolerance. Cowpea genotypes were grown in a controlled environment until the R2 stage and then subjected to 7 DOW. Later, the waterlogged plants were reoxygenated for an additional 7 DOR. Overall, cowpea genotypes had a contrasting response to waterlogging using different mechanisms. Compared to the control, the photosynthetic parameters of both cowpea genotypes were impaired under 7 DOW and could not recover at 7 DOR, with a larger decline in EpicSelect.4.7 DOW caused significant loss in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of both genotypes. However, only waterlogged UCR 369 was not photo-inhibited and able to restore the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids at 7 DOR. In addition, 7 DOW induced intense stress in UCR 369 with increased zeaxanthin, sucrose, and flavonoid content, while these metabolites were decreased in EpicSelect.4. On the other hand, glucose, fructose, and phenolic content were increased in EpicSelect.4 but decreased in UCR 369 at 7 DOR. In summary, compared to EpicSelect.4, UCR 369 restored their photosynthetic pigments and metabolites to the control levels at 7 DOR, indicating a likely tolerance to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolayo J Olorunwa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA
| | - Bikash Adhikari
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA
| | - Skyler Brazel
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA
| | - Sorina C Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - George V Popescu
- Institute for Genomic, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - T Casey Barickman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA.
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14
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Zhou Y, Yang M, Tai Z, Jia J, Luan D, Ma X. Carbohydrates and secondary compounds of alpine tundra shrubs in relation to experimental warming. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 36210454 PMCID: PMC9549620 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is critical to understand the sensitivity, response direction and magnitude of carbohydrates and secondary compounds to warming for predicting the structure and function of the tundra ecosystem towards future climate change. RESULTS Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to passively increase air and soil temperatures on Changbai Mountain alpine tundra. After seven years' continuous warming (+ 1.5 °C), the vegetation coverage, nonstructural carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch) and secondary compounds (total phenols, flavonoids and triterpenes) of leaves and roots in three dominant dwarf shrubs, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Rhododendron confertissimum and Vaccinium uliginosum, were investigated during the growing season. Warming did not significantly affect the concentrations of carbohydrates but decreased total phenols for the three species. Carbohydrates and secondary compounds showed significantly seasonal pattern and species-specific variation. No significant trade-off or negative relationship between carbohydrates and secondary compounds was observed. Compared to Dr. octopetala var. asiatica, V. uliginosum allocated more carbon on secondary compounds. Warming significantly increased the coverage of Dr. octopetala var. asiatica, did not change it for V. uliginosum and decreased it for Rh. confertissimum. Rh. confertissimum had significantly lower carbohydrates and invested more carbon on secondary compounds than the other two species. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced dominance and competitiveness of Dr. octopetala var. asiatica was companied by increased trend in carbohydrate concentrations and decreased ratio of secondary compounds to total carbon in the warming OTCs. We, therefore, predict that Dr. octopetala var. asiatica will continue to maintain dominant status, but the competition ability of V. uliginosum could gradually decrease with warming, leading to changes in species composition and community structure of the Changbai tundra ecosystem under future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhou
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Zhijuan Tai
- Department of Tourism Economy, Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Baihe, 133633, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Dongtao Luan
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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15
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Venzhik Y, Deryabin A, Popov V, Dykman L, Moshkov I. Gold nanoparticles as adaptogens increazing the freezing tolerance of wheat seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:55235-55249. [PMID: 35316488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensive development of nanotechnology led to the widespread application of various nanoparticles and nanomaterials. As a result, nanoparticles enter the environment and accumulate in ecosystems and living organisms. The consequences of possible impact of nanoparticles on living organisms are not obvious. Experimental data indicate that nanoparticles have both toxic and stimulating effects on organisms. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that gold nanoparticles can act as adaptogens increasing plant freezing tolerance. Priming winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Moskovskaya 39, Poaceae) seeds for 1 day in solutions of gold nanoparticles (15-nm diameter, concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg/ml) led to an increase in freezing tolerance of 7-day-old wheat seedlings. A relationship between an increase in wheat freezing tolerance and changes in some important indicators for its formation-growth intensity, the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and oxidative processes, and the accumulation of soluble sugars in seedlings-was established. Assumptions on possible mechanisms of gold nanoparticles effects on plant freezing tolerance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Venzhik
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Alexander Deryabin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Valery Popov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Lev Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Igor Moshkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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16
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Pipatsitee P, Theerawitaya C, Tiasarum R, Samphumphuang T, Singh HP, Datta A, Cha-Um S. Physio-morphological traits and osmoregulation strategies of hybrid maize (Zea mays) at the seedling stage in response to water-deficit stress. Protoplasma 2022; 259:869-883. [PMID: 34581924 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought has been identified as a major factor restricting maize productivity worldwide, especially in the rainfed areas. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological adaptation strategies and sugar-related gene expression levels in three maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with different drought tolerance abilities (Suwan4452, drought tolerant as a positive check; S7328, drought susceptible as a negative check; Pac339, drought susceptible) at the seedling stage. Ten-day old seedlings of maize genotypes were subjected to (i) well-watered (WW) or control and (ii) water-deficit (WD) conditions. Leaf osmotic potential of cv. S7328 under WD was significantly decreased by 1.35-1.45 folds compared with cv. Pac339 under WW, whereas it was retained in cv. Suwan4452, which utilized total soluble sugars as the major osmolytes for maintaining leaf greenness, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and stomatal function (Pn, net photosynthetic rate; gs, stomatal conductance; and E, transpiration rate). Interestingly, sucrose degradation (65% over the control) in cv. Pac339 under WD was evident in relation to the downregulation of the ZmSPS1 level, whereas glucose enrichment (1.65 folds over the control) was observed in relation to the upregulation of ZmSPS1 and ZmSUS1. Moreover, CWSI (crop water stress index), calculated from leaf temperature of stressed plants, was negatively correlated with E, gs, and Pn. Overall, growth characteristics, aboveground and belowground parts, in the drought-susceptible cv. Pac339 and cv. S7328, were significantly decreased (> 25% over the control), whereas these parameters in the drought-tolerant cv. Suwan4452 were unaffected. The study validates the use of leaf temperature, CWSI, Pn, gs, and E as sensitive parameters and overall growth characters as effective indices for drought tolerance screening in maize genotypes at the seedling stage. However, further experiments are required to validate the results observed in this study under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanan Pipatsitee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rujira Tiasarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Avishek Datta
- Agricultural Systems and Engineering, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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17
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Alonso-Esteban JI, Pinela J, Ćirić A, Calhelha RC, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Torija-Isasa E, Sánchez-Mata MC. Chemical composition and biological activities of whole and dehulled hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds. Food Chem 2021; 374:131754. [PMID: 34891087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine a complete chemical composition of eight different varieties of whole hemp seeds and eight samples of commercial dehulled hemp seeds. We also evaluated the phenolic profiles and antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties of hydromethanolic seed extracts. Whole hemp seeds contain much more fibre than dehulled hemp seeds, which contain more fat and protein. Sucrose and raffinose were the most abundant soluble sugars, and citric and oxalic acids were the most abundant organic acids. In the hydromethanolic hemp seed extracts, we detected the phenolic acids ferulic acid-hexoside and syringic acid. Whole hemp seed extracts exhibited better antioxidant activity than dehulled hemp seed extracts, especially in the TBARS assay. Cytotoxic activity against NCI-H460 cells was also observed. The dehulled hemp seed extracts displayed antibacterial activity, especially against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, and antifungal activity to a lesser extent.
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18
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Wang B, Li N, Huang S, Hu J, Wang Q, Tang Y, Yang T, Asmutola P, Wang J, Yu Q. Enhanced soluble sugar content in tomato fruit using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5 gene editing. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12478. [PMID: 34820200 PMCID: PMC8588851 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble sugar is known to improve the sweetness and increase tomato sauce yield. Studies have focused on improving the content of soluble sugar in tomato fruits, usually by promoting functional genes. We studied two genes (SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5) that inhibited the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruits and obtained two genes’ knocked-out lines (CRISPR-invinh1 or CRISPR-vpe5) using CRISPR/Cas9. Aggregated lines with CRISPR-invinh1 and CRISPR-vpe5 were gained by hybridization and self-pollination. Compared to wild-type lines, the glucose, fructose, and total soluble solid (TSS) contents of CRISPR-invinh1 and CRISPR-vpe5 increased significantly. Glucose, fructose, and TSS levels further improved simultaneously with CRISPR-invinh1 and CRISPR-vpe5 than with single gene knock-out lines. This indicates that these genes have a synergistic effect and will increase the soluble sugar content. Thus, the knock-out SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5 may provide a practical basis for improving the sweetness of tomato fruits and their processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaoyong Huang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Patiguli Asmutola
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
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19
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Zheng Y, Xia Z, Wu J, Ma H. Effects of repeated drought stress on the physiological characteristics and lipid metabolism of Bombax ceiba L. during subsequent drought and heat stresses. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:467. [PMID: 34645412 PMCID: PMC8513192 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trees of Bombax ceiba L. could produce a large number of viable seeds in the dry-hot valleys. However, the seedling regeneration of the species is difficult in these areas as mild drought often occur repeatedly which might be followed by heat stress. However, how the repeated drought affects the subsequent drought and heat tolerance of B. ceiba is not clear. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, soluble sugar content and lipid metabolism were measured for the drought-treated seedlings and heat-treated seedlings with or without drought hardening. RESULTS Neither the first nor third dehydration treatments affected the photosynthetic activity and soluble sugar content of B. ceiba seedlings. However, they differentially affected the fluidity of the local membranes and the levels of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Heat shock severely decreased the photosynthetic efficiency but drought priming reduced the effects of heat shock. Moreover, heat shock with or without drought priming had differential effects on the metabolism of soluble sugars and some lipids. In addition, the unsaturation level of membrane glycerolipids increased following heat shock for non-drought-hardened seedlings which, however, maintained for drought-hardened seedlings. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that two cycles of dehydration/recovery can affect the metabolism of some lipids during the third drought stress and may enhance the heat tolerance of B. ceiba by adjusting lipid composition and membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China.
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20
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Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Mahdavikia H, Hadi H, Alipour H, Kulak M, Caruso G, Siddique KHM. The effect of exogenously applied plant growth regulators and zinc on some physiological characteristics and essential oil constituents of Moldavian balm ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under water stress. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:2201-2214. [PMID: 34744361 PMCID: PMC8526650 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cost-effective exogenous application of some antioxidant, viz. salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (AA), and essential micronutrient elements like Zn might alleviate the harmful impacts of drought stress. Here, we evaluated the interaction of foliar-sprayed SA (1 mM), AA (10 mM), and Zn (3 g L-1) and irrigation regime (normal irrigation, moderate water stress, and severe water stress) by assaying an array of agronomic, physiological, analytical and biochemical parameters of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Accordingly, the SA and AA treatments reduced the harmful effects of moderate and severe drought stress. Well-watered plants applied with Zn had the highest biomass yield (4642.5 kg ha-1). Severe water stress decreased plant biomass, essential oil (EO) content, EO yield, relative water content, and chlorophyll a content by 37.6%, 23.3%, 47.5%, 35.3%, and 53%, respectively, relative to normal irrigation. Plants treated with Zn under moderate drought stress had the highest EO content. Moderate and severe water stress increased enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) activities and total soluble sugars and proline contents. In terms of EO composition, SA-treated plants under moderate water stress contained the most geraniol (22.8%) and geranial (26.3%), while Zn-treated plants under severe water stress contained the most geranyl acetate (48.2%). This study demonstrated that foliar application of Zn and SA significantly improves EO productivity and quality in Moldavian balm under moderate water stress. The relevant findings were supported by heatmap clustering, revealing that irrigation regime had main effect on the essential oil compounds and biochemical and physiological parameters. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01084-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahdavikia
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hashem Hadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, 76000 Igdir, Turkey
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
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Xu LH, Xiao LY, Xiao XQ, Xiao YN, Wang GF. Analysis of Soluble Sugar Content in Minute Quantities of Rice Tissues by GC-MS. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4077. [PMID: 34327274 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble sugars play key roles in plant growth, development, and adaption to the environment. Characterizing sugar content profiling of plant tissues promotes our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these plant processes. Several technologies have been developed to quantitate soluble sugar content in plant tissues; however, it is difficult with only minute quantities of plant tissues available. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based soluble sugar profiling of rice tissues that offers a good balance of sensitivity and reliability, and is considerably more sensitive and accurate than other reported methods. We summarize all the steps from sample collection and soluble sugar extraction to derivatization procedures of the soluble extracted sugars, instrumentation settings, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-He Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue-Qiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan-Nong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gao-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Irshad M, Ullah F, Fahad S, Mehmood S, Khan AU, Brtnicky M, Kintl A, Holatko J, Irshad I, El-Sharnouby M, EL Sabagh A, Datta R, Danish S. Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34187364 PMCID: PMC8240320 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties 'Wadan-17' (rainfed) and 'Pirsabaq-2013' (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha-1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. RESULTS We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. CONCLUSION Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio Resource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620 Pakistan
| | - Sultan Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inam Irshad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Departments of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800 Pakistan
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Rosa N, Lidon FC, Rodrigues AP, Pais IP, Scotti-Campos P, Asín L, Oliveira CM, Ramalho JC. Implications of nighttime temperature on metamitron impacts on the photosynthetic machinery functioning of Malus x domestica Borkh. J Plant Physiol 2021; 261:153427. [PMID: 33940557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metamitron (MET) is a fruitlet thinning compound for apple trees, needing better understanding of its action on leaf energy metabolism, depending on nighttime temperature. A trial under environmental controlled conditions was set with 'Golden Reinders' potted trees, under 25/7.5 and 25/15 °C (diurnal/nighttime temperature), with (MET, 247.5 ppm) or without (CTR) application, and considering the monitoring of photosynthetic and respiration components from day 1 (D1) to 14 (D14). Net photosynthesis (Pn) decline promoted by MET after D1 was not stomatal related. Instead, non-stomatal constraints, reflected on the photosynthetic capacity (Amax), included a clear photosystem (PS) II inhibition (but barely of PSI), as shown by severe reductions in thylakoid electron transport at PSII level, maximal (Fv/Fm) and actual (Fv'/Fm') PSII photochemical efficiencies, estimate of quantum yield of linear electron transport (Y(II)), and the rise in PSII photoinhibition status (Fs/Fm' and PIChr) and uncontrolled energy dissipation (Y(NO)). To Pn inhibition also contributed the impact in RuBisCO along the entire experiment, regardless of night temperature, here reported for the first time. Globally, MET impact on the photosynthetic parameters was usually greater under 7.5 °C, with maximal impacts between D4 and D7, probably associated to a less active metabolism at lower temperature. Cellular energy metabolism was further impaired under 7.5 °C, through moderate inhibition of NADH-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) enzymes involved in respiration, in contrast with the increase of dark respiration in MET 7.5 until D7. The lower impact on PK and MDH under 15 °C and a likely global higher active metabolism at that temperature would agree with the lowest sucrose levels in MET 15 at D4 and D7. Our findings showed that MET alters the cell energy machinery in a temperature dependent manner, affecting the sucrose balance mainly at 15 °C, justifying the observed greater thinning potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nídia Rosa
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernando C Lidon
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana P Rodrigues
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel P Pais
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos (UIBRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos (UIBRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís Asín
- IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Cristina M Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José C Ramalho
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos (UIBRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal.
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López Navarrete MC, Peña-Valdivia CB, Trejo C, Padilla Chacón D, García N R, Martínez B E. Interaction among species, time-of-day, and soil water potential on biochemical and physiological characteristics of cladodes of Opuntia. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:185-195. [PMID: 33684777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiology and biochemistry of young Opuntia spp. cladodes relate with their Crassulacean acid metabolism, which extends over the day-night cycle in four phases, is species-dependent and is affected by water availability. This study aimed to assess the interaction among species, time-of-day, and the soil water potential (ΨW) on biochemical and physiological characteristics of cladodes of Opuntia species. Three-week-old cladodes were harvested at 7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. from plants with or without irrigation for 30 d (-0.17 and -5.72 MPa soil ΨW), from O. albicarpa, O. ficus-indica, O. hyptiacantha, O. megacantha, and O. streptacantha. The experimental design was a factorial 5 x 2 x 2 (species, sampling time and soil ΨW). The experimental unit was one cladode per plant, and six repetitions were evaluated. Total acids, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, total phenolics, free amino acids, and soluble proteins concentrations were evaluated, as well as acid invertase and neutral invertase activities. The interaction among species x soil ΨW and species x time of the day was significant (P ≤ 0.05) in all variables evaluated. An exception was the species x soil ΨW on starch concentration (P = 0.1827). The biochemical and physiological characteristics of Opuntia cladodes were modified by the time of the day and soil ΨW interaction, but most of the characteristics were positively or inversely affected depending on the species, frequently displaying a descending trend following O. streptacantha, O. hyptiacantha, O. megacantha, O. albicarpa and O. ficus-indica. The total acids, glucose, fructose, starch, soluble proteins, and free amino acids concentrations revealed that domestication significantly modifies C and N metabolism in Opuntia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Trejo
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico
| | - Daniel Padilla Chacón
- Cátedras CONACyT, Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García N
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Martínez B
- Facultad de Química, Depto. de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Jaquetti RK, Gonçalves JFC. Data on the effects of fertilization on growth rates, biomass allocation, carbohydrates and nutrients of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree legumes during tropical forest restoration. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:153. [PMID: 33883007 PMCID: PMC8058989 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tree legume species play an important role in forest restoration in the tropics. Understanding how different species adjust carbohydrate allocation and growth under distinct nutrient availability will enhance the success of restoring degraded areas. DATA DESCRIPTION A 2-year tropical forest plantation of the Forest Restoration Program of the Balbina Hydropower Dam was evaluated. Three non-N-fixing (Cenostigma tocantinum, Dipteryx odorata and Senna reticulata) and three N-fixing (Clitoria fairchildiana, Inga edulis and Acacia spp.) tree legume species were either fertilized or not fertilized. Growth rates and biomass allocation were calculated, and carbon (C) fractions and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations were determined. Multiple nutrient additions increased the growth rates and aboveground biomass production of fertilized plants. According to the results presented, different species and N- fixers respond differently to fertilization regimes. The authors encourage the use of the presented data in meta-analysis studies that consider the fertilization or nutrient deficiency effects on growth, carbohydrate and nutrient responses. N-fixing species with high biomass growth and foliar N are important for restoring N and C cycles in nutrient-limited soils. Fertilization treatments are fundamental during the early stages of forest plantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto K Jaquetti
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research-INPA, Ave. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil.
| | - José Francisco C Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research-INPA, Ave. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
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26
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Zhao Y, Song C, Brummell DA, Qi S, Lin Q, Bi J, Duan Y. Salicylic acid treatment mitigates chilling injury in peach fruit by regulation of sucrose metabolism and soluble sugar content. Food Chem 2021; 358:129867. [PMID: 33979685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peach fruit stored in the cold are susceptible to chilling injury. A pre-storage treatment with the natural hormone salicylic acid can alleviate chilling damage, although the mechanism is unclear. We found that a treatment with 1 μmol L-1 salicylic acid for 15 min prior to storage at 4 °C delayed and reduced fruit internal browning, a symptom of chilling injury. Salicylic acid had a large effect on sugar metabolism, increasing total soluble sugars via a substantial increase in sucrose content. The transcript abundance of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis and degradation was significantly regulated by salicylic acid, consistent with the changes in sucrose content. Salicylic acid treatment also increased the expression of two DREB cold stress-related proteins, transcriptional activators that regulate cold resistance pathways. The results show that salicylic acid alleviates chilling injury in peach by multiple mechanisms, including an increased content of sucrose and activation of cold response genes.
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Mason PJ, Furtado A, Marquardt A, Hodgson-Kratky K, Hoang NV, Botha FC, Papa G, Mortimer JC, Simmons B, Henry RJ. Variation in sugarcane biomass composition and enzymatic saccharification of leaves, internodes and roots. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:201. [PMID: 33298135 PMCID: PMC7724889 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of biomass determines its suitability for different applications within a biorefinery system. The proportion of the major biomass fractions (sugar, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) may vary in different sugarcane genotypes and growth environments and different parts of the plant. This study investigated the composition of mature and immature internodes, roots and mature leaves of sugarcane. RESULTS Internodes were found to have a significantly larger alcohol-soluble component than leaves and roots. The primary difference between the immature and mature internodes was the ratio of soluble sugars. In mature tissues, sucrose content was significantly higher, whereas in immature internodal tissues there was lower sucrose and heightened concentrations of reducing sugars. Carbon (C) partitioning in leaf tissues was characterised by low levels of soluble components and high "other" and cell wall fractions. Root tissue had low ratios of soluble fractions relative to their cell wall contents, indicating a lack of storage of soluble carbon. There was no significant difference in the ratio of the major cell wall fractions between the major organ types. Characterisation of individual non-cellulosic monomers indicated leaf and root tissues had significantly higher arabinose and galactose fractions. Significantly larger proportions of syringyl lignin compounds and the hydroxycinnamic compound, p-coumaric acid were observed in mature internodal tissues compared to the other tissue types. Tissue-specific differences in composition were shown to greatly affect the recalcitrance of the cell wall to enzymatic saccharification. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study displayed clear evidence of the differential partitioning of C throughout the sugarcane plant in specific organs. These organ-specific differences have major implications in their utility as a bioproduct feedstock. For example, the inclusion of trash (leaves) with the culms (internodes) may alter processing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Mason
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Annelie Marquardt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Level 3, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Sugar Research Australia Limited (SRA), PO Box 86, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
| | - Katrina Hodgson-Kratky
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nam V Hoang
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Frederik C Botha
- Sugar Research Australia Limited (SRA), PO Box 86, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
| | - Gabriella Papa
- Amyris, 5885 Hollis St, Ste. 100, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI), 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI), 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Blake Simmons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI), 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Peng W, Meng D, Yue T, Wang Z, Gao Z. Effect of the apple cultivar on cloudy apple juice fermented by a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus fermentum. Food Chem 2021; 340:127922. [PMID: 32889211 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation performance of a mixture of Lactobacillus spp. in cloudy apple juices from nine cultivars. The results showed that cultivar influenced most the properties of the fermented cloudy apple juice. The fermented cloudy apple juices made from Changfu had the highest viable bacterial count and acetic acid contents (6.37 × 108 CFU/mL and 2.67 mg/mL, respectively). It also had higher sensory score, second only to Huaniu. The highest total sugar consumption, utilising fructose, glucose, and sucrose (33.07 mg/mL), was seen with Golden Delicious. Qinguan fermented cloudy apple juice had the highest contents of lactic acid (6.74 mg/mL) and total esters (921.36 μg/L); d-limonene also detected in this fermented cloudy apple juice. Of the nine cultivars examined in this study, Changfu, Qinguan, and Golden Delicious were the most suitable for producing fermented cloudy apple juice with better taste, higher viable count and more intense aroma.
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Xu M, Bai HY, Fu WQ, Sun K, Wang HW, Xu DL, Dai CC, Jia Y. Endophytic bacteria promote the quality of Lyophyllum decastes by improving non-volatile taste components of mycelia. Food Chem 2020; 336:127672. [PMID: 32771899 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are always related to the host different traits, including the secondary metabolites production. However, the effect and mechanism of endophytic bacteria in the mushrooms fruit body on mycelia are still not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of endophytic bacterial metabolites on the quality of Lyophyllum decastes mycelia. Soluble sugars, starch, protein, free amino acids, 5'-Nucleotides, EUC, and organic acids contents of mycelia were analyzed. We found that endophytic bacterial metabolites significantly increased the contents of soluble sugars, starch, protein, free amino acids, organic acids, and EUC. The present study thus suggests that endophytic bacteria could promote the quality of Lyophyllum decastes by improving non-volatile taste components of mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - De-Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang K, Guo L, Cheng W, Liu B, Li W, Wang F, Xu C, Zhao X, Ding Z, Zhang K, Li K. SH1-dependent maize seed development and starch synthesis via modulating carbohydrate flow and osmotic potential balance. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:264. [PMID: 32513104 PMCID: PMC7282075 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the main form of photoassimilates transported from vegetative tissues to the reproductive organs, sucrose and its degradation products are crucial for cell fate determination and development of maize kernels. Despite the relevance of sucrose synthase SH1 (shrunken 1)-mediated release of hexoses for kernel development, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms are not yet well understood in maize (Zea mays). RESULTS Here, we identified a new allelic mutant of SH1 generated by EMS mutagenesis, designated as sh1*. The mutation of SH1 caused more than 90% loss of sucrose synthase activity in sh1* endosperm, which resulted in a significant reduction in starch contents while a dramatic increase in soluble sugars. As a result, an extremely high osmolality in endosperm cells of sh1* was generated, which caused kernel swelling and affected the seed development. Quantitative measurement of phosphorylated sugars showed that Glc-1-P in endosperm of sh1* (17 μg g- 1 FW) was only 5.2% of that of wild-type (326 μg g- 1 FW). As a direct source of starch synthesis, the decrease of Glc-1-P may cause a significant reduction in carbohydrates that flow to starch synthesis, ultimately contributing to the defects in starch granule development and reduction of starch content. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that SH1-mediated sucrose degradation is critical for maize kernel development and starch synthesis by regulating the flow of carbohydrates and maintaining the balance of osmotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Li Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Baiyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Wendi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
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Hussain SB, Guo LX, Shi CY, Khan MA, Bai YX, Du W, Liu YZ. Assessment of sugar and sugar accumulation-related gene expression profiles reveal new insight into the formation of low sugar accumulation trait in a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) bud mutant. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2781-2791. [PMID: 32212013 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of soluble sugars in fleshy fruits largely determines their sweetness or taste. A spontaneous sweet orange mutant 'Hong Anliu' (HAL, Citrus sinensis) accumulates low soluble sugar content in fruit juice sacs than its wild type, 'Anliu' (AL) orange; however, the cause of reduced sugar content in 'HAL' fruit remains unclear. In this study, sugar content and expression profiles of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport were compared between 'HAL' and 'AL' fruit juice sacs. In both cultivars, fructose and glucose displayed the increasing trends with significantly lower contents in 'HAL' than 'AL' after 160 DAF; moreover, sucrose had a declining trend in 'HAL' and increasing trend in 'AL' with fruit development. On the other hand, transcript levels of VINV, CWINV1, CWINV2, SUS4, SUS5, SPS1, SPS2, VPP-1, VPP-2, and some sugar transporter genes were significantly decreased in 'HAL' compared with 'AL' after 100 DAF or 160 DAF. Interestingly, the transcript levels of SPS2 and SUT2 exhibited a similar trend as it was found for sucrose content in both cultivars. These results suggested that the low sugar accumulation in 'HAL' fruit JS is accompanied by the reduced sink strength, sucrose-synthesis ability, and vacuolar storage ability compared with 'AL'; reduction of CWINVs, VINV, SPS2, SUT2, VPP-1, and VPP-2 transcript levels possibly plays a key role in the low storage of soluble sugars in the vacuoles of mutant juice sacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abbas Khan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Gil M, Llano S, Jaramillo Y, Quijano J, Londono-Londono J. Matrix effect on quantification of sugars and mannitol developed during the postharvest of cocoa: an alternative method for traceability of aroma precursors by liquid chromatography with an evaporative detector. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:210-221. [PMID: 31975724 PMCID: PMC6952496 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The profile of reducing sugars developed during each stage of the postharvest of cocoa beans is an important quality index; these sugars are found to be one of the main precursors of flavor and neoformed compounds. However, its quantification after extraction from different parts of the bean is a challenge due to the complexity of the matrix. The primary aim of this study was to track the formation of reducing sugars and mannitol in samples obtained from various steps of the fermentation and drying processes of cocoa beans by validating a rapid matrix-corrected chromatographic method utilizing a corona-charged aerosol detector for improved sensitivity. The analytes were extracted from ground cocoa beans by solid phase extraction without a defatting step (20 mg raw fermented and 10 mg dried). The experimental variables influencing the effective detection were evaluated at different temperatures and signal filtering levels. Method validation studies showed an average recovery between 77.8 and 120% for fermented cocoa and between 79.6 and 117.7% for dried cocoa. A linear response was achieved for fructose, glucose, sucrose, and mannitol for a concentration range of 0.1-40 mg/L, and maltose showed linearity in the range of 0.1-70 mg/L. Regression coefficients (R) were 0.9991, 0.9993, 0.9992, 0.9995 and 0.9994, respectively. This method was successfully applied to a clone mix of cocoa from Antioquia, Colombia, to confirm the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose into glucose and fructose during fermentation and drying. A quality indicator of an efficient postharvest process in this study was determined to be a glucose percentage of 0.66% w/w and a fructose percentage of 1.46% w/w, which were higher than the values reported by other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Gil
- Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos (GRIAL), Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia Colombia
- Instituto Tecnológivo Metropolitano, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Sandra Llano
- Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos (GRIAL), Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia Colombia
- Instituto Tecnológivo Metropolitano, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
- Food and Nutrition Innovation, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Yamile Jaramillo
- Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos (GRIAL), Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia Colombia
- Food and Nutrition Innovation, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jairo Quijano
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Ghorbanian AR, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Zahedi M. The effect of foliar-applied magnesium on root cell membrane H +-ATPase activity and physiological characteristics of sugar beet. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2019; 25:1273-1282. [PMID: 31564788 PMCID: PMC6745575 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of Mg on the leaf-to-root translocation of sugar and ATPase activity in the roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. Jolgeh). Furthermore, the effect of Mg on H+ secretion from the roots into the surrounding solution and solubility of Fe(OH)3 (s) was investigated. Two Mg fertilizer sources i.e., MgSO4 and Mg-lysine complex (Mg-Lys) were used. A group of plants received only lysine (Lys) and a control treatment free of Mg and Lys was used. Foliar Mg spray significantly increased Fe(OH)3 (s) solubilization in the root environment, at least in part due to higher passive H+ transport from the roots into the solution. The active transport of H+ and root activity of ATPase was significantly lower in the plants receiving Mg in comparison with those not receiving Mg. In contrast, the passive transport of H+ was higher in the Mg treatments as compared with the control. Our results suggest that foliar applied Mg can moderate the root activity of ATPase pump but it may affect Fe solubility in the root media by enhancing the passive H+ permeation across plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Ghorbanian
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| | | | - Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Agronomy and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Alves LC, Llerena JPP, Mazzafera P, Vicentini R. Diel oscillations in cell wall components and soluble sugars as a response to short-day in sugarcane (Saccharum sp.). BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:215. [PMID: 31122198 PMCID: PMC6533765 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is a tropical crop that can accumulate high concentration of sucrose in the stem as a storage carbohydrate. For that reason, sugarcane accounts for approximately 75% of all the sugar produced in the world and has become the main sugar source to produce first-generation bioethanol in Brazil. Daily rhythms cause plants to adapt and coordinate their metabolism to achieve maximum photosynthesis and carbohydrate production throughout the day. Circadian rhythms arise from the interaction of an internal oscillator and external stimuli, whereas diel rhythms occur in response to a light-dark cycle. Diel signalling contributes to synchronizing circadian rhythms to photoperiods, and levels of carbohydrates oscillate in a diel fashion. Under regular photoperiods, they are synthesized during the daytime and consumed throughout the night as an energy reserve. However, short days can induce higher rates of synthesis during daytime and lower rates of consumption in the dark. Cell wall carbohydrates are also diurnally regulated, and it has been shown that celluloses, hemicelluloses and pectin are deposited/degraded at different times of the day. To assess the diel carbohydrate profile in young sugarcane plants, we measured soluble sugars and cell wall components along a time course in plants subjected either to a regular day or short day. RESULTS Short-day influenced sucrose synthesis and cell wall components. In short-day a 44% increase in sucrose concentration was detected in the dark, but was stable during the day. Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin also fluctuate within a 24 h interval when subjected to a short day. A 38% increase in leaf sheath cellulose was observed from the middle of the day to the first hour of the night. Leaf sheath pectin and hemicellulose also increased from the day to the night, while it decreased in leaves. CONCLUSIONS The presented data show diurnal patterns of soluble sugar metabolism together with temporal regulation of cell wall metabolism for a short day, suggesting that diel signalling has a role in how sugarcane manages sugar accumulation and partitioning. Understanding cell wall synthesis/degradation dynamics may help to improve the yield of sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cardoso Alves
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
- Crop Science Department, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Renato Vicentini
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
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35
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Taïbi K, Del Campo AD, Vilagrosa A, Bellés JM, López-Gresa MP, López-Nicolás JM, Mulet JM. Distinctive physiological and molecular responses to cold stress among cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive Pinus halepensis seed sources. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:236. [PMID: 30326850 PMCID: PMC6192292 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest species ranges are confined by environmental limitations such as cold stress. The natural range shifts of pine forests due to climate change and proactive-assisted population migration may each be constrained by the ability of pine species to tolerate low temperatures, especially in northern latitudes or in high altitudes. The aim of this study is to characterize the response of cold-tolerant versus cold-sensitive Pinus halepensis (P. halepensis) seedlings at the physiological and the molecular level under controlled cold conditions to identify distinctive features which allow us to explain the phenotypic difference. With this objective gas-exchange and water potential was determined and the photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, glutathione and free amino acids content were measured in seedlings of different provenances under control and cold stress conditions. RESULTS Glucose and fructose content can be highlighted as a potential distinctive trait for cold-tolerant P. halepensis seedlings. At the amino acid level, there was a significant increase and accumulation of glutathione, proline, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine and tryptophan along with a significant decrease of glycine. CONCLUSION Our results established that the main difference between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive seedlings of P. halepensis is the ability to accumulate the antioxidant glutathione and osmolytes such as glucose and fructose, proline and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taïbi
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Ibn Khaldoun University, BP 78, Karman Campus, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria.
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio D Del Campo
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante - CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José María Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Faria APD, Marabesi MA, Gaspar M, França MGC. The increase of current atmospheric CO 2 and temperature can benefit leaf gas exchanges, carbohydrate content and growth in C4 grass invaders of the Cerrado biome. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 127:608-616. [PMID: 29738989 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf gas exchanges, carbohydrate metabolism and growth of three Brazilian Cerrado invasive African grasses were evaluated after growing for 75 days under doubled CO2 concentration and temperature elevated by 3 °C. Results showed that although the species presented photosynthetic C4 metabolism, they all had some kind of positive response to increased CO2. Urochloa brizantha and Megathyrsus maximus showed increased height for all induced environmental conditions. Urochloa decumbens showed only improvement in water use efficiency (WUE), while U. brizantha showed increased CO2 assimilation and M. maximus presented higher biomass accumulation under doubled CO2 concentration. The most significant improvement of increased CO2 in all three species appears to be the increase in WUE. This improvement probably explains the positive increase of photosynthesis and biomass accumulation presented by U. brizantha and M. maximus, respectively. The increase in temperature affected leaf carbohydrate content of M. maximus by reducing sucrose, glucose and fructose content. These reductions were not related to thermal stress since photosynthesis and growth were not harmed. Cellulose content was not affected in any of the three species, just the lignin content in U. decumbens and M. maximus. All treatments promoted lignin content reduction in U. brizantha, suggesting a delay in leaf maturation of this species. Together, the results indicate that climate change may differentially promote changes in leaf gas exchanges, carbohydrate content and growth in C4 plant species studied and all of them could benefit in some way from these changes, constituting a threat to the native Cerrado biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P de Faria
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - M A Marabesi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Gaspar
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M G C França
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Maicaurkaew S, Jogloy S, Hamaker BR, Ningsanond S. Fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase and inulin hydrolase activities relating to inulin and soluble sugars in Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus Linn.) tubers during storage. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:698-706. [PMID: 28298683 PMCID: PMC5334228 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Influences of harvest time and storage conditions on activities of fructan:fructan1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) and inulin hydrolase (InH) in relation to inulin and soluble sugars of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers were investigated. Maturity affected 1-FFT-activity, inulin contents, and inulin profiles of the tubers harvested between 30 and 70 days after flowering (DAF). Decreases in 1-FFT activity, high molecular weight inulin, and inulin content were observed in late-harvested tubers. The tubers harvested at 50 DAF had the highest inulin content (734.9 ± 20.5 g kg-1 DW) with a high degree of polymerization (28% of DP >30). During storage of the tubers, increases in InH activity (reached its peak at 15 days of storage) and gradual decreases in 1-FFT activity took placed. These changes were associated with inulin depolymerization, causing decreases in inulin content and increases in soluble sugars. As well, decreasing storage temperatures would retain high inulin content and keep low soluble sugars; and freezing at -18 °C would best retard 1-FFT, InH, and inulin changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Maicaurkaew
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Sanun Jogloy
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Peanut and Jerusalem Artichoke for Functional Food Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40000 Thailand
| | - Bruce R. Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Suwayd Ningsanond
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
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Georgieva K, Rapparini F, Bertazza G, Mihailova G, Sárvári É, Solti Á, Keresztes Á. Alterations in the sugar metabolism and in the vacuolar system of mesophyll cells contribute to the desiccation tolerance of Haberlea rhodopensis ecotypes. Protoplasma 2017; 254:193-201. [PMID: 26699915 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Haberlea rhodopensis belongs to the small group of resurrection plants having the unique ability to survive desiccation to air dry state retaining most of its chlorophyll content and then resume normal function upon rehydration. It prefers the shady valleys and northward facing slopes of limestone ridges in mountain zones with high average humidity. Nevertheless, it can be found rarely on rocks directly exposed to the sunlight, without the coverage of the canopy. In the present study, we follow the alterations in the subcellular organization of mesophyll cells and sugar metabolism upon desiccation of shade and sun H. rhodopensis plants. Composition and content of soluble carbohydrates during desiccation and rehydration were different in plants grown below the trees or on the sunny rocks. Sucrose, however, was dominating in both ecotypes. The amount of starch grains in chloroplasts was inversely related to that of sugars. Concomitantly with these changes, the number of vacuoles was multiplied in the cells. This can be explained by the development of small (secondary) vacuoles peripherally in the cytoplasm, rather than by the fragmentation of the single vacuole, proposed earlier in the literature. Accordingly, the centripetal movement of chloroplasts and other organelles may be a result of the dynamic changes in the vacuolar system. Upon rehydration, the inner vacuoles enlarged and the organelles returned to their normal position.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F Rapparini
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Bertazza
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Mihailova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - É Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Á Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Á Keresztes
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Sami F, Yusuf M, Faizan M, Faraz A, Hayat S. Role of sugars under abiotic stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 109:54-61. [PMID: 27639065 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the most important regulators that facilitate many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, seed germination, flowering, senescence, and many more under various abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of sugars in low concentration promote seed germination, up regulates photosynthesis, promotes flowering, delayed senescence under various unfavorable environmental conditions. However, high concentration of sugars reverses all these physiological process in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, this review focuses the correlation between sugars and their protective functions in several physiological processes against various abiotic stresses. Keeping in mind the multifaceted role of sugars, an attempt has been made to cover the role of sugar-regulated genes associated with photosynthesis, seed germination and senescence. The concentration of sugars determines the expression of these sugar-regulated genes. This review also enlightens the interaction of sugars with several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, ethylene, cytokinins and gibberellins and its effect on their biosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Ahmad Faraz
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Moles TM, Pompeiano A, Huarancca Reyes T, Scartazza A, Guglielminetti L. The efficient physiological strategy of a tomato landrace in response to short-term salinity stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 109:262-272. [PMID: 27769016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Landraces represent an important part of the biodiversity well-adapted under limiting environmental conditions. We investigated the response of two Southern Italy tomato landraces, the well-known San Marzano (our commercial standard) and a local accession called "Ciettaicale", to different levels of sodium chloride in water irrigation (from 0 up to 600 mM) for a short-time exposure (one week). The combination of the chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange analyses suggested that Ciettaicale maintained a higher efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and CO2 utilization at high salinity concentrations than San Marzano. Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations occurred in San Marzano according to the reduction of maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and the increase of intercellular CO2 concentration. Higher Na+/K+ ratio and higher concentration of total soluble sugars contributed to non-stomatal limitations in San Marzano leaves. These effects were significantly less evident in Ciettaicale. We also observed changes in total antioxidant capacity and leaf pigment content that emphasized the occurrence of modifications in the photosynthetic apparatus according to salt gradient. The more efficient assimilates supply and an integrated root protection system provided by sugars and antioxidants can explain the significantly higher root/shoot ratio in Ciettaicale. Overall, our results suggest that a comprehensive assessment of salinity tolerance in a genotypes comparison could be also obtained evaluating plant response to high salinity levels at early vegetative stage. In addition, further studies will be carried out in order to evaluate the possibility of using Ciettaicale in tomato improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Huarancca Reyes T, Scartazza A, Lu Y, Yamaguchi J, Guglielminetti L. Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on carbohydrate metabolism and light energy dissipation mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 105:195-202. [PMID: 27108206 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) nutrient sources are essential elements for metabolism, and their availability must be tightly coordinated for the optimal growth and development in plants. Plants are able to sense and respond to different C/N conditions via specific partitioning of C and N sources and the regulation of a complex cellular metabolic activity. We studied how the interaction between C and N signaling could affect carbohydrate metabolism, soluble sugar levels, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the ability to drive the excess energy in Arabidopsis seedlings under moderated and disrupted C/N-nutrient conditions. Invertase and sucrose synthase activities were markedly affected by C/N-nutrient status depending on the phosphorylation status, suggesting that these enzymes may necessarily be modulated by their direct phosphorylation or phosphorylation of proteins that form complex with them in response to C/N stress. In addition, the enzymatic activity of these enzymes was also correlated with the amount of sugars, which not only act as substrate but also as signaling compounds. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in plants under disrupted C/N condition suggested a reduction of electron transport rate at PSII level associated with a higher capacity for non-radiative energy dissipation in comparison with plants under moderated C/N condition. In conclusion, the tight coordination between C and N not only affects the carbohydrates metabolism and their concentration within plant tissues, but also the partitioning of the excitation energy at PSII level between radiative (electron transport) and non-radiative (heat) dissipation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, I-56017, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Istituto di Biologia Agro-ambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, I-56017, Pisa, Italy.
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Morkunas I, Woźniak A, Formela M, Mai VC, Marczak Ł, Narożna D, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Kühn C, Grimm B. Pea aphid infestation induces changes in flavonoids, antioxidative defence, soluble sugars and sugar transporter expression in leaves of pea seedlings. Protoplasma 2016; 253:1063-79. [PMID: 26239447 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The perception of aphid infestation induces highly coordinated and sequential defensive reactions in plants at the cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the study was to explore kinetics of induced antioxidative defence responses in leaf cells of Pisum sativum L.cv. Cysterski upon infestation of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum at varying population sizes, including accumulation of flavonoids, changes of carbon metabolism, and expression of nuclear genes involved in sugar transport. Within the first 96 h, after A. pisum infestation, flavonoid accumulation and increased peroxidase activity were observed in leaves. The level of pisatin increased after 48 h of infestation and reached a maximum at 96 h. At this time point, a higher concentration of flavonols was observed in the infested tissue than in the control. Additionally, strong post-infestation accumulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) and isoflavone synthase (IFS) transcription products was also found. The levels of sucrose and fructose in 24-h leaves infested by 10, 20, and 30 aphids were significantly lower than in the control. Moreover, in leaves infested by 30 aphids, the reduced sucrose level observed up to 48 h was accompanied by a considerable increase in the expression level of the PsSUT1 gene encoding the sucrose transporter. In conclusion, A. pisum infestation on pea leads to stimulation of metabolic pathways associated with defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magda Formela
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Van Chung Mai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Vinh University, Le Duan 182, Vinh city, Vietnam
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environment Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594, Poznań, Poland
| | - Christina Kühn
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Mutava RN, Prince SJK, Syed NH, Song L, Valliyodan B, Chen W, Nguyen HT. Understanding abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in soybean: a comparative evaluation of soybean response to drought and flooding stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 86:109-120. [PMID: 25438143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many sources of drought and flooding tolerance have been identified in soybean, however underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, it is important to illuminate different plant responses to these abiotic stresses and understand the mechanisms that confer tolerance. Towards this goal we used four contrasting soybean (Glycine max) genotypes (PI 567690--drought tolerant, Pana--drought susceptible, PI 408105A--flooding tolerant, S99-2281--flooding susceptible) grown under greenhouse conditions and compared genotypic responses to drought and flooding at the physiological, biochemical, and cellular level. We also quantified these variations and tried to infer their role in drought and flooding tolerance in soybean. Our results revealed that different mechanisms contribute to reduction in net photosynthesis under drought and flooding stress. Under drought stress, ABA and stomatal conductance are responsible for reduced photosynthetic rate; while under flooding stress, accumulation of starch granules played a major role. Drought tolerant genotypes PI 567690 and PI 408105A had higher plastoglobule numbers than the susceptible Pana and S99-2281. Drought stress increased the number and size of plastoglobules in most of the genotypes pointing to a possible role in stress tolerance. Interestingly, there were seven fibrillin proteins localized within the plastoglobules that were up-regulated in the drought and flooding tolerant genotypes PI 567690 and PI 408105A, respectively, but down-regulated in the drought susceptible genotype Pana. These results suggest a potential role of Fibrillin proteins, FBN1a, 1b and 7a in soybean response to drought and flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond N Mutava
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Silvas Jebakumar K Prince
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Naeem Hasan Syed
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Li Song
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Steindal ALH, Rødven R, Hansen E, Mølmann J. Effects of photoperiod, growth temperature and cold acclimatisation on glucosinolates, sugars and fatty acids in kale. Food Chem 2014; 174:44-51. [PMID: 25529650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Curly kale is a robust, cold tolerant plant with a high content of health-promoting compounds, grown at a range of latitudes. To assess the effects of temperature, photoperiod and cold acclimatisation on levels of glucosinolates, fatty acids and soluble sugars in kale, an experiment was set up under controlled conditions. Treatments consisted of combinations of the temperatures 15/9 or 21/15 °C, and photoperiods of 12 or 24h, followed by a cold acclimatisation period. Levels of glucosinolates and fatty acid types in leaves were affected by growth conditions and cold acclimatisation, being generally highest before acclimatisation. The effects of growth temperature and photoperiod on freezing tolerance were most pronounced in plants grown without cold acclimatisation. The results indicate that cold acclimatisation can increase the content of soluble sugar and can thereby improve the taste, whilst the content of unsaturated fatty and glucosinolates acids may decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Linn Hykkerud Steindal
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord Holt, Box 2284, NO-9269 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Rolf Rødven
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord Holt, Box 2284, NO-9269 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørgen Mølmann
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord Holt, Box 2284, NO-9269 Tromsø, Norway
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Acosta-Quezada PG, Raigón MD, Riofrío-Cuenca T, García-Martínez MD, Plazas M, Burneo JI, Figueroa JG, Vilanova S, Prohens J. Diversity for chemical composition in a collection of different varietal types of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.), an Andean exotic fruit. Food Chem 2014; 169:327-35. [PMID: 25236234 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated 23 tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) accessions from five cultivar groups and one wild relative (Solanum cajanumense) for 26 composition traits. For all traits we found highly significant differences (P<0.001) among the materials studied. The high diversity found within S. betaceum for composition traits was matched by a high diversity within each of the cultivar groups. We found that sucrose and citric acid were the most important soluble sugar and organic acid, respectively, in tree tomato. Fruit in the anthocyanin pigmented (purple) group had a carotenoid content similar to that in the yellow-orange cultivar groups. Total phenolic content was significantly correlated (r=0.8607) with antioxidant activity. Analyses of mineral content showed that tree tomato is a good source of K, Mg, and Cu. Multivariate principal components analysis (PCA) confirmed that an important diversity exists within each cultivar group. The results we have obtained indicate that the high diversity found within the tree tomato could be exploited for selection and breeding for developing the tree tomato as a commercial crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Acosta-Quezada
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y de Alimentos, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador
| | - María D Raigón
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Tania Riofrío-Cuenca
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y de Alimentos, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador
| | - María D García-Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan I Burneo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y de Alimentos, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Jorge G Figueroa
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y de Alimentos, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Vilanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Folgado R, Sergeant K, Renaut J, Swennen R, Hausman JF, Panis B. Changes in sugar content and proteome of potato in response to cold and dehydration stress and their implications for cryopreservation. J Proteomics 2013; 98:99-111. [PMID: 24333155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The key to successful cryopreservation lies in the induction of tolerance towards dehydration/desiccation and freezing. The accumulation of osmo-active compounds, which can be induced by drought and cold stress, is therefore important. In the present study, three-week old shoots from in vitro plantlets of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum and its frost-resistant relative Solanum commersonii were submitted to osmotic stress (by using sucrose) and chilling (6°C). After 14days of exposure, shoot tips were sampled in order to gain an insight into changes of the proteome and soluble sugars. Also, the effect of these treatments on growth performance behaviour and on the success of cryopreservation was evaluated. Identified proteins that changed in abundance due to stress were associated with stress response. Additionally, carbohydrate analyses in both species, after exposure to chilling, also indicated species-related differences; this observation could point towards a better-adapted physiological state of the donor plants of S. commersonii prior to the cryoprocedure and therefore a better recovery of the meristems. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study in which cryopreservation experiments are combined with the observation of the responses to abiotic stress exposure involving the potato species S. commersonii and S. tuberosum. These two species are known to have a different cold-acclimation behaviour, which seems to be closely related to their tolerance towards cryopreservation. Furthermore, common and differential responses to abiotic stresses were observed in the two species indicating that some pathways could be crucial not only in the plant's response to stress but also in tolerance towards cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Folgado
- Environment and Agro-biotechnologies department (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environment and Agro-biotechnologies department (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environment and Agro-biotechnologies department (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rony Swennen
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Bioversity International, Willem de Croylaan 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, POB 10, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environment and Agro-biotechnologies department (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Bart Panis
- Bioversity International, Willem de Croylaan 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Quentin AG, Close DC, Hennen LMHP, Pinkard EA. Down-regulation of photosynthesis following girdling, but contrasting effects on fruit set and retention, in two sweet cherry cultivars. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 73:359-367. [PMID: 24189522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees were manipulated to analyse the contribution of soluble sugars to sink feedback down-regulation of leaf net CO2 assimilation rate (Anet) and fruit set and quality attributes. Total soluble sugar concentration and Anet were measured in the morning on fully expanded leaves of girdled branches in two sweet cherry cultivars, 'Kordia' and 'Sylvia' characterised typically by low and high crop load, respectively. Leaves on girdled trees had higher soluble sugar concentrations and reduced Anet than leaves on non-girdled trees. Moreover, RuBP carboxylation capacity of Rubisco (Vcmax) and triose-phosphate utilisation (TPU) were repressed in the girdled treatments, despite Jmax remaining unchanged; suggesting an impairment of photosynthetic capacity in response to the girdling treatment. Leaf Anet was negatively correlated to soluble sugars, suggesting a sink feedback regulatory control of photosynthesis. Although there were significantly less fruit set and retained in 'Kordia' than 'Sylvia'; girdling had contrasting effects in each cultivar. Girdling significantly increased fruit set and fruitlet retention in 'Sylvia' cultivar, but had no effect in 'Kordia' cultivar. We propose that low inherent sink demand for photoassimilates of 'Kordia' fruit could have contributed to the low fruit retention rate, since both non-girdled and girdled trees exhibited similar retention rate and that increases in foliar carbohydrates was observed above the girdle. In 'Sylvia' cultivar, the carbohydrate status may be a limiting factor for 'Sylvia' fruit, since girdling improved both fruit set and retention, and leaf soluble solids accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Quentin
- Perennial Horticulture Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 12, Hobart 7001, Australia.
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Hong IP, Nam SH, Sung GB, Chung IM, Hur H, Lee MW, Kim MK, Guo SX. Chemical Components of Paecilomyces tenuipes (Peck) Samson. Mycobiology 2007; 35:215-8. [PMID: 24015100 PMCID: PMC3763175 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2007.35.4.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom (DongChongXiaCao) looks like a worm in the winter and like a grass in the summer. The fruiting body has been regarded as popular folk or effective medicines used to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. The fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes that formed on the living silkworm (Bombyx mori) host were used in this examination. This study was carried out to investigate the proximate composition, soluble sugar, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and contents of the bioactive ingredient including adenosine and D-mannitol in the fruiting-bodies. The moisture content was 57.56%. Soluble sugars found were glycerol, glucose, mannitol and sucrose, and the contents exceeded 24 mgg(-1)dry weight. Total free amino acid content was 17.09 mg g(-1)dry weight. Arginine, glycine, proline and tyrosine were main amino acids. The content of oleic acid in fatty acids was high. Adenosine was more abundant in fruiting bodies than corpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Pyo Hong
- Department of Sericulture and Entomology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A., Suwon 441-707, Korea
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