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Xia F, Chen Z, Tian E, Mo J. A super sandstorm altered the abundance and composition of airborne bacteria in Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:35-44. [PMID: 38802236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sandstorm, which injects generous newly emerging microbes into the atmosphere covering cities, adversely affects the air quality in built environments. However, few studies have examined the change of airborne bacteria during severe sandstorm events. In this work, we analyzed the airborne bacteria during one of the strongest sandstorms in East Asia on March 15th, 2021, which affected large areas of China and Mongolia. The characteristics of the sandstorm were compared with those of the subsequent clean and haze days. The composition of the bacterial community of air samples was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing technology. During the sandstorm, the particulate matter (PM) concentration and bacterial richness were extremely high (PM2.5: 207 µg/m3; PM10: 1630 µg/m3; 5700 amplicon sequence variants/m3). In addition, the sandstorm brought 10 pathogenic bacterial genera to the atmosphere, posing a grave hazard to human health. As the sandstorm subsided, small bioaerosols (0.65-1.1 µm) with a similar bacterial community remained suspended in the atmosphere, bringing possible long-lasting health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxuan Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Enze Tian
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Resilient Infrastructures (Shenzhen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Agarwal V, Abd El E, Danelli SG, Gatta E, Massabò D, Mazzei F, Meier B, Prati P, Vernocchi V, Wang J. Influence of CO 2 and Dust on the Survival of Non-Resistant and Multi-Resistant Airborne E. coli Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:558. [PMID: 38927224 PMCID: PMC11201083 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The airborne transmission of bacterial pathogens poses a significant challenge to public health, especially with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This study investigated environmental factors influencing the survival of airborne bacteria, focusing on the effects of different carbon dioxide (CO2) and dust concentrations. The experiments were conducted in an atmospheric simulation chamber using the non-resistant wild-type E. coli K12 (JM109) and a multi-resistant variant (JM109-pEC958). Different CO2 (100 ppm, 800 ppm, 3000 ppm) and dust concentrations (250 µg m-3, 500 µg m-3, 2000 µg m-3) were tested to encompass a wide range of CO2 and dust levels. The results revealed that JM109-pEC958 exhibited greater resilience to high CO2 and dust concentrations compared to its non-resistant counterpart. At 3000 ppm CO2, the survival rate of JM109 was significantly reduced, while the survival rate of JM109-pEC958 remained unaffected. At the dust concentration of 250 µg m-3, JM109 exhibited significantly reduced survival, whereas JM109-pEC958 did not. When the dust concentration was increased to 500 and 2000 µg m-3, even the JM109-pEC958 experienced substantially reduced survival rates, which were still significantly higher than those of its non-resistant counterpart at these concentrations. These findings suggest that multi-resistant E. coli strains possess mechanisms enabling them to endure extreme environmental conditions better than non-resistant strains, potentially involving regulatory genes or efflux pumps. The study underscores the importance of understanding bacterial adaptation strategies to develop effective mitigation approaches against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in atmospheric environments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the interplay between environmental stressors and bacterial survival, serving as a foundational step towards elucidating the adaptation mechanisms of multi-resistant bacteria and informing strategies for combating antibiotic resistance in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Agarwal
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8983 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.); (B.M.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elena Abd El
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.E.); (S.G.D.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- INFN—Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Silvia Giulia Danelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.E.); (S.G.D.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- INFN—Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Elena Gatta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.E.); (S.G.D.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Dario Massabò
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.E.); (S.G.D.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- INFN—Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Federico Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.E.); (S.G.D.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- INFN—Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Benedikt Meier
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8983 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Paolo Prati
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.E.); (S.G.D.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- INFN—Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy;
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8983 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.); (B.M.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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3
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Yang X, Zhang G, Pan G, Fan G, Zhang H, Ge X, Du M. Significant contribution of carbonyls to atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) during the winter haze pollution over North China Plain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:377-388. [PMID: 38105063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbonyl compounds play significant roles in the cycling of radicals and have exhibited surprisingly high levels in winter that were well correlated to particulate matter, for which the reason have not been clearly elucidated. Here we measured carbonyl compounds and other trace gasses together with PM2.5 over urban Jinan in North China Plain during the winter. Markedly higher carbonyl concentrations (average: 14.63 ± 4.21 ppbv) were found during wintertime haze pollution, about one to three-times relative to those on non-haze days, with slight difference in chemical composition except formaldehyde (HCHO). HCHO (3.68 ppbv), acetone (3.17 ppbv), and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) (2.83 ppbv) were the three most abundant species, accounting for ∼75% of the total carbonylson both haze and non-haze days. Results from observational-based model (OBM) with atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) indicated that AOC significantly increased with the increasing carbonyls during the winter haze events. Carbonyl photolysis have supplied key oxidants such as RO2 and HO2, and thereby enhancing the formation of fine particles and secondary organic aerosols, elucidating the observed haze-carbonyls inter-correlation. Diurnal variation with carbonyls exhibiting peak values at early-noon and night highlighted the combined contribution of both secondary formation and primary diesel-fuel sources. 1-butene was further confirmed to be the major precursor for HCHO. This study confirms the great contribution of carbonyls to AOC, and also suggests that reducing the emissions of carbonyls would be an effective way to mitigate haze pollution in urban area of the NCP region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan 250101, China; Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guang Pan
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Guolan Fan
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Houyong Zhang
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Mingyue Du
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
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Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhang S, Yang K, Liu Y, Lai B, Yu F. Disruption and recovery of outdoor bioaerosols before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak at a campus in Central China: pathogen composition, particle size distribution, influencing factors, and exposure risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:421-435. [PMID: 38258910 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Before (2019), during (2020), and after (2021) the COVID-19 outbreak, different response methods and measures were taken on campuses to control the spread of COVID-19 within schools. These response methods may have changed the outdoor bioaerosol characteristics, which may affect staff and student health. Therefore, we analyzed the bacterial concentrations, particle size distribution, microbial populations, exposure risks, and environmental influences of bioaerosols at a campus before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. This study used eight-stage Andersen samplers to collect and analyze culturable bacteria in bioaerosols from various locations, high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial species, principal component analysis to compare differences in samples, RDA to investigate the effects of environmental factors on bioaerosols, and hazard quotient (HQ) and BugBase to evaluate human health risks. The study findings revealed that average bacterial concentrations before, during, and after COVID-19 were 75 CFU m-3, 136 CFU m-3, and 78 CFU m-3, respectively. Moreover, the average percentage of bacteria attached to PM2.5 was 49.2%, 42.7%, and 29.9%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that species composition changed significantly during the three years of COVID-19. The proportion of Pantoea and Bacillus increased with the development of COVID-19 and these became the dominant strains after COVID-19, whereas Pseudomonas had the maximum proportion during COVID-19. Both risk assessment and BugBase phenotype prediction results indicated that the potential pathogenic risk was the highest in the outdoor environment of the campus during COVID-19 and that bioaerosol contamination was the most severe compared to the outdoor bioaerosol characteristics of the campus recovered after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Bisheng Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Fangfang Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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5
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Xu X, Zhang W, Shi X, Su Z, Cheng W, Wei Y, Ma H, Li T, Wang Z. China's air quality improvement strategy may already be having a positive effect: evidence based on health risk assessment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1250572. [PMID: 37927881 PMCID: PMC10624126 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1250572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to investigate the health risk impact of PM2.5 pollution on a heavily populated province of China. The exposure response function was used to assess the health risk of PM2.5 pollution. Results shows that the total number of premature deaths and diseases related to PM2.5 pollution in Shandong might reach 159.8 thousand people based on the new WHO (2021) standards. The health effects of PM2.5 pollution were more severe in men than in women. Five of the 16 cities in Shandong had higher health risks caused by PM2.5 pollution, including LinYi, HeZe, JiNing, JiNan, and WeiFang. PM2.5 pollution resulted in nearly 7.4 billions dollars in healthy economic cost, which accounted for 0.57% of GDP in Shandong in 2021. HeZe, LiaoCheng, ZaoZhuang, and LinYi were the cities where the health economic loss was more than 1% of the local GDP, accounted for 1.30, 1.26, 1.08, and 1.04%. Although the more rigorous assessment criteria, the baseline concentration was lowered by 30 μg/m3 compared to our previous study, there was no significant increase in health risks and economic losses. China's air quality improvement strategy may already be having a positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmang Xu
- Heze Branch, Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Heze Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Heze, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Heze Branch, Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
| | - Yinuo Wei
- Heze Branch, Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
| | - He Ma
- Heze Branch, Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
| | - Tinglong Li
- Heze Branch, Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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6
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Kobayashi S, Tamamura-Andoh Y, Yamane I, Kusumoto M, Katsuda K. The association between farm-level antimicrobial usage and resistance of Staphylococcus spp., as the major genus isolated from aerosol samples, in Japanese piggeries. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1127819. [PMID: 37565078 PMCID: PMC10411535 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1127819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are the dominant particulate matter in livestock houses and can threaten animal and public health. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a crucial concern worldwide, and nationwide measures established based on the One Health approach are being implemented in many countries. This requires multidisciplinary perspectives and collaboration among the human, animal, and environmental sectors. However, information on the AMR risk in livestock house aerosol is limited, especially its association with antimicrobial usage (AMU). Therefore, this study was conducted to reveal the AMR profile of Staphylococcus, the major bacterial genus in the aerosol of the piggeries of Japanese farms, and the association between farm-level AMU and AMR. The investigation at 10 farrow-to-finish pig farms revealed that regardless of the sampling season and the piggery group, the resistance rate of isolated staphylococci for oxacillin, erythromycin, and lincomycin was more than 40% of the median and tended to be higher than that for other antimicrobials. The AMU adjusted by the defined daily dose (DDD-adjusted AMU) in the fattening piggery group was significantly higher than that in the sow piggery group (p < 0.05). Finally, for the fattening piggery group, the generalized linear mixed model revealed that the AMR rate for oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was positively associated with the corresponding class-based DDD-adjusted AMU of penicillins (odds ratio (OR) = 2.63, p = 0.03), macrolides (OR = 6.89, p = 0.0001), tetracyclines (OR = 2.48, p = 0.04), and amphenicols (OR = 3.22, p = 0.03), respectively. These significant positive associations observed in this study imply that the resistance rate for these antimicrobials may decrease by reducing the corresponding antimicrobials' use. In addition, the resistance rates for erythromycin and chloramphenicol also displayed a positive association with the AMU of antimicrobial classes other than macrolides and amphenicols, respectively. The mechanism underlying these phenomena is unclear; therefore, further evaluation will be needed. As limited studies have reported staphylococci in piggery aerosol and its AMR with quantitative AMU, these results based on on-farm investigations are expected to aid in establishing countermeasures for AMR of aerosol bacteria in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Kobayashi
- Enteric Pathogen Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukino Tamamura-Andoh
- Enteric Pathogen Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Itsuro Yamane
- Enteric Pathogen Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- Enteric Pathogen Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken Katsuda
- Division of Hygiene Management Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nie C, Geng X, Zhang R, Wang L, Li L, Chen J. Abundant Cyanobacteria in Autumn Adhering to the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) in Shanghai. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1835. [PMID: 37513007 PMCID: PMC10386019 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ever-present, mainly flourishing in aquatic environments and surviving virtually in other habitats. The microbiota of indoor dust on the pre-filter of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which reflect indoor microbial contamination and affect human health, has attracted attention. Contemporary studies on cyanobacteria deposited on the pre-filter of HVAC remain scant. By the culture-independent approach of qPCR and high throughput sequencing technologies, our results documented that the cyanobacterial concentrations were highest in autumn, occurred recurrently, and were about 2.60 and 10.57-fold higher than those in winter and summer. We proposed that aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria contributed to the pre-filter of HVAC by airborne transportation produced by wave breaks, bubble bursts, and soil surface by wind force, owing to the evidence that cyanobacteria were commonly detected in airborne particulate matters. The cyanobacteria community structure was characterized in Shanghai, where Chroococcidiopsaceae, norank_cyanobacteriales, Nostocaceae, Paraspirulinaceae, and others dominated the dust on the pre-filter of HVAC. Some detected genera, including Nodularia sp., Pseudanabaena sp., and Leptolyngbya sp., potentially produced cyanobacterial toxins, which need further studying to determine their potential threat to human health. The present work shed new insight into cyanobacteria distribution in the specific environment besides aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Nie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xueyun Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, China
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Xie W, Fan C, Qi J, Li H, Dong L, Hu W, Kojima T, Zhang D. Decrease of bioaerosols in westerlies from Chinese coast to the northwestern Pacific: Case data comparisons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161040. [PMID: 36572311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of bioaerosols in the westerly wind from the Asian continent to the northwestern Pacific constantly links the land and marine ecosystems. Several observation campaigns targeting bioaerosols were conducted in the coastal city Qingdao of China (QD), at a coast site of Kumamoto in southwestern Japan (KM), and in the northwestern Pacific (NP) between 2014 and 2016. We compared the concentration of bioaerosols in the range of 1.1-7.0 μm obtained in those campaigns to investigate their variation in the westerly wind. The substantial influence of westerlies on bioaerosol concentration was confirmed in the three areas. In the case of non-dust air, the arrival of the continental air led to a 29 % decrease of bioaerosols at KM while a 57 % increase at NP, indicating that the concentration in non-dust air was lower than the local level in the island air while higher than that in the remote marine air. In case of dust occurrence, bioaerosols in the air decreased with the distance from the Asian continent at KM and NP consecutively, and the arrival of the air caused a 2-fold increase at KM and a 1.7-fold increase at NP. The relative concentration increase rate of bioaerosols (IRRC), defined as the ratio of the increment of bioaerosols caused by long-distance transported air to the local level in each area, decreased rapidly after the air left the continent in the dust cases, which is similar to the decrease of the dry deposition flux of dust reported in the literature. This result indicates that the reduction of bioaerosols in the dusty air was likely dominated by the removal of bioaerosols attached to dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xie
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Chunlan Fan
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Jianhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Hongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kojima
- Department Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
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Ma L, Yabo SD, Lu L, Jiang J, Meng F, Qi H. Seasonal variation characteristics of inhalable bacteria in bioaerosols and antibiotic resistance genes in Harbin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130597. [PMID: 36584645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols have received extensive attention due to their impact on climate, ecological environment, and human health. This study aimed to reveal the driving factors that structure bacterial community composition and the transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in PM2.5. The results showed that the bacterial concentration in spring (8.76 × 105 copies/m3) was significantly higher than that in summer (1.03 × 105 copies/m3) and winter (4.74 × 104 copies/m3). Low temperatures and air pollution in winter negatively affected bacterial concentrations. Keystone taxa were identified by network analysis. Although about 50 % of the keystone taxa had low relative abundances, the strong impact of complex interactions between keystone taxa and other taxa on bacterial community structure deserved attention. The bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes (79.3 %). Interactions between bacteria and environmental filtering together affected bacterial community composition. Vertical gene transfer played an important role in the transmission of airborne ARGs. Given the potential integration and expression of ARGs in recipients, the human exposure risk due to high concentrations of ARGs and mobile genetic elements cannot be ignored. This study highlights human exposure to inhalable bacterial pathogens and ARGs in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Stephen Dauda Yabo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinpan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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10
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Long T, Ye Z, Tang Y, Shi J, Wen J, Chen C, Huo Q. Comparison of bacterial community structure in PM 2.5 during hazy and non-hazy periods in Guilin, South China. AEROBIOLOGIA 2023; 39:87-103. [PMID: 36568442 PMCID: PMC9762634 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-022-09777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In recent years, significant efforts have been made to study changes in the levels of air pollutants at regional and urban scales, and changes in bioaerosols during air pollution events have attracted increasing attention. In this study, the bacterial structure of PM2.5 was analysed under different environmental conditions during hazy and non-hazy periods in Guilin. A total of 32 PM2.5 samples were collected in December 2020 and July 2021, and the microbial community structures were analysed using high-throughput sequencing methods. The results show that air pollution and climate change alter the species distribution and community diversity of bacteria in PM2.5, particularly Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. The structure of the bacterial community composition is related to diurnal variation, vertical height, and urban area and their interactions with various environmental factors. This is a comprehensive study that characterises the variability of bacteria associated with PM2.5 in a variety of environments, highlighting the impacts of environmental effects on the atmospheric microbial community. The results will contribute to our understanding of haze trends in China, particularly the relationship between bioaerosol communities and the urban environment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10453-022-09777-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfa Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Yanchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Jianhui Wen
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
- Guilin Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Chunqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
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11
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Xue F, Yang Y, Zou S, Zhang Y, Yue D, Zhao Y, Lai S. Characterization of airborne bacteria and fungi at a land-sea transition site in Southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157786. [PMID: 35926597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microbe can have impact on regional to global climate as ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei. In coastal region, microbial aerosols are simultaneously contributed by terrestrial and marine sources under the influence of land-sea air exchange. We present a study on the characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi, including their concentrations and communities, at a land-sea transition site in Southern China from December 2019 to December 2020. Seasonal variations of microbial communities were observed with evident profiles in summer, especially for fungal aerosols. The significant enhancement of Basidiomycota abundance in summer was contributed by local biogenic release under the influence of meteorological factors. Terrestrial sources are suggested as the dominant contributors to both bacterial and fungal aerosols rather than marine sources during the whole year period. Source-tracking analysis identified that marine contributions to airborne bacteria and fungi were 3.1-14.2 % and 4-24 %, respectively. It suggests that airborne fungi should be more suitable for long-range transport than airborne bacteria. This study improves the understanding of the conversional contribution of marine and terrestrial sources to airborne microbes in coastal region and the influencing environmental factors under land-sea exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dingli Yue
- Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Western Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Ginn O, Lowry S, Brown J. A systematic review of enteric pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in outdoor urban aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113097. [PMID: 35339466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol transport of enteric microbiota including fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) has been documented in a range of settings but remains poorly understood outside indoor environments. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to summarize evidence on specific enteric microbiota including enteric pathogens and ARGs that have been measured in aerosol samples in urban settings where the risks of outdoor exposure and antibiotic resistance (AR) spread may be highest. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a key word search for articles published within the years 1990-2020 using relevant data sources. Two authors independently conducted the keyword searches of databases and conducted primary and secondary screenings before merging results. To be included, studies contained extractable data on enteric microbes and AR in outdoor aerosols regardless of source confirmation and reported on qualitative, quantitative, or viability data on enteric microbes or AR. Qualitative analyses and metric summaries revealed that enteric microbes and AR have been consistently reported in outdoor aerosols, generally via relative abundance measures, though gaps remain preventing full understanding of the role of the aeromicrobiological pathway in the fate and transport of enteric associated outdoor aerosols. We identified remaining gaps in the evidence base including a need for broad characterization of enteric pathogens in bioaerosols beyond bacterial genera, a need for greater sampling in locations of high enteric disease risk, and a need for quantitative estimation of microbial and nucleic acid densities that may be applied to fate and transport models and in quantitative microbial risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ginn
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Sarah Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- Deparment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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13
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Yang JIL, Lee BG, Park J, Yeo M. Airborne fungal and bacterial microbiome in classrooms of elementary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic period: Effects of school disinfection and other environmental factors. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13107. [PMID: 36168218 PMCID: PMC9538906 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of environmental factors including disinfection on airborne microbiome during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we evaluated indoor and outdoor air collected from 19 classrooms regularly disinfected. Extracted bacterial and fungal DNA samples were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq™ platform. Using bacterial DNA copy number concentrations from qPCR analysis, multiple linear regressions including environmental factors as predictors were performed. Microbial diversity and community composition were evaluated. Classrooms disinfected with spray ≤1 week before sampling had lower bacterial DNA concentration (3116 DNA copies/m3 ) than those >1 week (5003 copies/m3 ) (p-values = 0.06). The bacterial DNA copy number concentration increased with temperature and was higher in classrooms in coastal than inland cities (p-values <0.01). Bacterial diversity in outdoor air was higher in coastal than inland cities while outdoor fungal diversity was higher in inland than coastal cities. These outdoor microbiomes affected classroom microbial diversity but bacterial community composition at the genus level in occupied classrooms were similar between coastal and inland cities. Our findings emphasize that environmental conditions including disinfection, climate, and school location are important factors in shaping classroom microbiota. Yet, further research is needed to understand the effects of modified microbiome by disinfection on occupants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun I. L. Yang
- Department of Applied Environmental ScienceGraduate School Kyung Hee UniversityYongin‐siKorea
| | - Bong Gu Lee
- Department of Applied Environmental ScienceGraduate School Kyung Hee UniversityYongin‐siKorea
| | - Ju‐Hyeong Park
- Respiratory Health DivisionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Min‐Kyeong Yeo
- Department of Applied Environmental ScienceGraduate School Kyung Hee UniversityYongin‐siKorea
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin‐siKorea
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Du R, Zhang S, Zhao H. Microbial Activity and Community Structure in PM 2 .5 at Different Heights in Ground Boundary Layer of Beijing Atmosphere under Various Air Quality Levels. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4013-4029. [PMID: 35466499 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic is a reminder that aerosols have important health effects as a potential route for disease transmission. Biological components in aerosols (especially PM2.5 ) may pose potential threats to humans as pathogens and allergens. Research on PM2.5 and biological components currently focuses mainly on polluted conditions, with less emphasis on clean environments. Sampling has also been primarily based on a single point with a lack of data at different positions. In this study, a modified fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis method was used to measure microbial activity in PM2.5 at different altitudes over a year in Beijing, China. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the microbial community. Results showed that microbial activity 1.5 m (0.0465 ng m-3 ) above the ground was higher than 31.5 m (0.0348 ng m-3 ). There was higher microbial activity at both heights during spring. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between microbial activity and relative abundance of dominant species. Microbial activity increased during autumn and winter increased alongside the pollution level, but in spring higher levels of microbial activity were observed in excellent or good weather conditions. The results from this study are valuable for further research regarding the biological components of atmospheric PM, the prevention of biological pollution, and establishing a comprehensive air quality evaluation system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sujian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Sun Y, Huang Y, Xu S, Li J, Yin M, Tian H. Seasonal Variations in the Characteristics of Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Atmospheric Particulate Matter from Clean Days and Smoggy Days in Beijing. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:568-582. [PMID: 34105008 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are an important part of atmospheric particulate matter and are closely related to human health. In this paper, the variations in the characteristics of the chemical components and bacterial communities in PM10 and PM2.5 grouped according to season, pollution degree, particle size, and winter heating stage were studied. The influence of environmental factors on community structure was also analyzed. The results showed that seasonal variations were significant. NO3- contributed the most to the formation of particulate matter in spring and winter, while SO42- contributed the most in summer and autumn. The community structures in summer and autumn were similar, while the community structure in spring was significantly different. The dominant phyla were similar among seasons, but their proportions were different. The dominant genera were no-rank_c_Cyanobacteria, Acidovorax, Escherichia-Shigella and Sphingomonas in spring; Massilia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, and Brevibacillus in summer and autumn; and Rhodococcus in winter. The atmospheric microorganisms in Beijing mainly came from soil, water, and plants. The few pathogens detected were mainly affected by the microbial source on the sampling day, regardless of pollution level. RDA (redundancy analysis) showed that the bacterial community was positively correlated with the concentration of particulate matter and that the wind speed in spring was positively correlated with NO3- levels, NH4+ levels, temperature, and relative humidity in summer and autumn, but there was no clear consistency among winter samples. This study comprehensively analyzed the variations in the characteristics of the airborne bacterial community in Beijing over one year and provided a reference for understanding the source, mechanism, and assessment of the health effects of different air qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Sun
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yujia Huang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shangwei Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Meng Yin
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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16
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Liao ZN, Xu HJ, Ma J, Li M, He C, Zhang Q, Xu S. Seasonal and vegetational variations of culturable bacteria concentrations in air from urban forest parks: a case study in Hunan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28933-28945. [PMID: 34988785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is important to investigate the airborne bacterial air quality in urban forest parks as tree bacteriostasis practices are being increasingly advocated as measures to improve the air quality and public health in urban green spaces around the world. The aim of the study was to quantitatively investigate airborne culturable bacteria (ACB) concentration levels based on field measurements in every season in five selected forest communities and the uncovered space in an urban forest park, as well as the effects of several factors on the culturability of airborne bacteria. Results suggested that the airborne bacterial levels of all the forest communities reached the clean air quality standard with regard to the airborne bacteria content, with the highest concentration of ACB showing in the uncovered space (1658 ± 1298 CFU/m3) and the lowest showing in the mixed community (907 ± 567 CFU/m3). The temporal distribution analysis showed that the airborne bacteria were mostly concentrated in summer, as well as in the morning and afternoon. The bacteriostatic rates of the mixed community were significantly different with seasonal variation (p < 0.05). Spearman's correlations revealed that the concentration of ACB was significantly positively correlated with the season, wind speed (WS), temperature (T), ultraviolet light (UV), negative air ion (NAI), and total suspended particles (TSP) (p<0.05) but significantly negatively correlated with the forest community type (p < 0.05). Overall, the selection of tree species plays a key role in shaping the forest structure and improving air quality, and the urban forest highlights key priorities for future efforts toward a cleaner, healthier, and more diverse regional forest environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Liao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Chenzhou Institute of Forestry, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Hui-Juan Xu
- College of National Resources & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Maojuan Li
- Chenzhou Institute of Forestry, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Caisheng He
- Chenzhou Institute of Forestry, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Qiongrui Zhang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Songjun Xu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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17
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Yan X, Ma J, Chen X, Lei M, Li T, Han Y. Characteristics of airborne bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes under different air quality levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107127. [PMID: 35180669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bioaerosols are major threats to human health. In this study, the microbial community structure and ARG distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria in total suspended particulates (TSP) and PM2.5 were investigated under different air quality levels in Xinxiang, Central China. The results revealed that with the deterioration of air quality, the concentrations of airborne bacteria in both TSP and PM2.5 decreased; however, the relative amounts of pathogenic bacteria increased. The predominant genera in pathogenic bacteria of Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus were identified in both TSP and PM2.5. Although the airborne bacteria concentrations and absolute abundances of ARGs in TSP were higher than those in PM2.5 under identical air quality conditions, the bacterial community structure and relative amounts of pathogenic bacteria were similar. In addition, the relationship between environmental factors of ions, metal elements, and meteorological parameters and the community structures of airborne bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were also analyzed. The effects of soluble ions and metal elements on several dominant genera of total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria differed, probably due to the strong tolerance of pathogenic bacteria to harsh atmospheric environments Different subtypes of ARGs showed various distribution characteristics with variations in air quality. The deterioration of air quality can inhibit the dissemination of ARGs, as the minimum values of all ARGs and class 1 integrase intI1 were observed under Severely Polluted conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of air pollution levels on the airborne bacteria community composition and ARG distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Jiahui Ma
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinqing Chen
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Miao Lei
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Tianning Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yunping Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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18
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Zhang Y, Du R, Chen H, Du P, Zhang S, Ren W. Different characteristics of microbial diversity and special functional microbes in rainwater and topsoil before and after 2019 new coronavirus epidemic in Inner Mongolia Grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151088. [PMID: 34687707 PMCID: PMC8527739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are vital terrestrial ecosystems. As areas sensitive to climate change, they are critical for assessing the effects of global climate change. In China, grasslands account for over 40% of the land area. There is currently limited information on microbial diversity evolution in different grassland areas, particularly microorganisms with ice nucleation activity (INA) and their potential resources with potential influence to regulate regional precipitation and climate. We used Illumina MiSeq to sequence the 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable region and performed a simple droplet freezing experiment to determine the variation in the grassland microbial community species composition and community structure. Rainwater and topsoil samples from the Hulunbuir Grassland in Inner Mongolia collected over three years were characterized. The dominant bacterial genus in the rainwater was Massilia, and the dominant fungus was Cladosporium. Additionally, the dominant bacteria in the soil were Sphingomonas, and the dominant fungus was Gibberella. There were differences in the microbial communities before and after the coronavirus disease epidemic. Pathogenic microorganisms exhibited inconsistent responses to environmental changes. The low relative abundance of known high-INA microorganisms and the higher freezing temperature indicated that unknown high-efficiency biological ice nucleating particles may be present. We found significant differences in species diversity and richness between the rainwater and soil populations in grassland areas by analyzing the sample community structures. Our research results revealed the species composition and structure of the microbiota in grassland ecosystems in China, indicating that environmental media and human activities may affect the microbiota in the grassland area and indicating underlying microorganisms with high INA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hanlin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengrui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sujian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weishan Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Gad M, Hou L, Cao M, Adyari B, Zhang L, Qin D, Yu CP, Sun Q, Hu A. Tracking microeukaryotic footprint in a peri-urban watershed, China through machine-learning approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150401. [PMID: 34562761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microeukaryotes play a significant role in biogeochemical cycling and can serve as bioindicators of water quality in freshwater ecosystems. However, there is a knowledge gap on how freshwater microeukaryotic communities are assembled, especially that how terrestrial microeukaryotes influence freshwater microeukaryotic assemblages. Here, we used a combination of 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and community-based microbial source tracking (MST) approaches (i.e., SourceTracker and FEAST) to assess the contribution of microeukaryotes from surrounding environments (i.e., soils, river sediments, swine wastewater, influents and effluents of decentralized wastewater treatment plants) to planktonic microeukaryotes in the main channel, tributaries and reservoir of a peri-urban watershed, China in wet and dry seasons. The results indicated that SAR (~ 49% of the total communities), Opithokonta (~ 34%), Archaeplastida (~ 9%), and Amoebozoa (~ 2%) were dominant taxa in the watershed. The community-based MST analysis revealed that sewage effluents (7.96 - 21.84%), influents (2.23 - 13.97%), and river sediments (2.56 - 11.71%) were the major exogenous sources of riverine microeukaryotes. At the spatial scale, the downstream of the watershed (i.e., main channel and tributaries) received higher proportions of exogenous microeukaryotic OTUs compared to the upstream reservoirs, while at the seasonal scale, the sewage effluents and influents contributed higher exogenous microeukaryotes to river water in wet season than in dry season. Moreover, the swine and domestic wastewater led to the presence of Apicomplexa in wet season only, implying rainfall runoff may enhance the spread of parasitic microeukaryotes. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the immigration patterns of microeukaryotes and their dominant supergroups between terrestrial and riverine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Liyuan Hou
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Meixian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Lanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Chen H, Du R, Zhang Y, Du P, Zhang S, Ren W, Yang M. Evolution of PM 2.5 bacterial community structure in Beijing's suburban atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149387. [PMID: 34365268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosafety has become one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses have had a huge impact on public health. In addition, non-severe polluted air quality has gradually become the norm; however, literature on the impacts of bioaerosols under long-term exposure to low concentrations of PM2.5 in China is limited. This study analyzed the evolution of the PM2.5 bacterial community in the Huairou district of Beijing under different pollution conditions. We used high-throughput sequencing to seasonally analyze samples over a year (from July 2018 to May 2019) and winter samples from different years (2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019). The results showed that the bacterial diversity and community composition of PM2.5 were significantly different in different seasons, whereas under different pollution levels, there were no significant differences. During the observation period, the number of bacterial species decreased with the increase in pollution; however, a high proportion of bacteria can exist as core species under different pollution levels for a long time. Furthermore, bacteria can be relatively stable in the local environment during the same season but in different years. Although the relative abundances of different bacteria change differently with the variation in pollution level, there is no statistical difference. Importantly, there was a higher abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria when the air quality index was 0-100 in winter. This study comprehensively revealed the characteristics of the evolution of bacterial communities under different pollution levels and in different years and emphasized the health effects of non-pollution air quality. This study can provide a theoretical basis for establishing a sound environmental microbial monitoring and defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengrui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sujian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weishan Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Morgado-Gamero WB, Parody A, Medina J, Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Agudelo-Castañeda D. Multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in landfill bioaerosols: Environmental conditions and biological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118037. [PMID: 34482243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfills, as well as other waste management facilities are well-known bioaerosols sources. These places may foment antibiotic-resistance in bacterial bioaerosol (A.R.B.) due to inadequate pharmaceutical waste disposal. This issue may foster the necessity of using last-generation antibiotics with extra costs in the health care system, and deaths. The aim of this study was to reveal the multi-antibiotic resistant bacterial bioaerosol emitted by a sanitary landfill and the surrounding area. We evaluated the influence of environmental conditions in the occurrence of A.R.B. and biological risk assessment. Antibiotic resistance found in the bacteria aerosols was compared with the AWaRE consumption classification. We used the BIOGAVAL method to assess the workers' occupational exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacterial bioaerosols in the landfill. This study confirmed the multi-antibiotic resistant in bacterial bioaerosol in a landfill and in the surrounding area. Obtained mean concentrations of bacterial bioaerosols, as well as antibiotic-resistant in bacterial bioaerosol (A.R.B.), were high, especially for fine particles that may be a threat for human health. Results suggest the possible risk of antibiotic-resistance interchange between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species in the landfill facilities, thus promoting antibiotic multi-resistance genes spreading into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Morgado-Gamero
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58#55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Alexander Parody
- Engineering Faculty, Universidad Libre Barranquilla, Cra 46 No. 48-170, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Jhorma Medina
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58#55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | | | - Dayana Agudelo-Castañeda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 via Puerto, Colombia.
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Contrasting Trends of Surface PM 2.5, O 3, and NO 2 and Their Relationships with Meteorological Parameters in Typical Coastal and Inland Cities in the Yangtze River Delta. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312471. [PMID: 34886197 PMCID: PMC8656694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The contrasting trends of surface particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and their relationships with meteorological parameters from 2015 to 2019 were investigated in the coastal city of Shanghai (SH) and the inland city of Hefei (HF), located in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). In both cities, PM2.5 declined substantially, while O3 and NO2 showed peak values during 2017 when the most frequent extreme high-temperature events occurred. Wind speed was correlated most negatively with PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, while surface temperature and relative humidity were most closely related to O3. All of the studied pollutants were reduced by rainfall scavenging, with the greatest reduction seen in PM2.5, followed by NO2 and O3. By contrast, air pollutants in the two cities were moderately strongly correlated, although PM2.5 concentrations were much lower and Ox (O3 + NO2) concentrations were higher in SH. Additionally, complex air pollution hours occurred more frequently in SH. Air pollutant concentrations changed more with wind direction in SH. A more effective washout effect was observed in HF, likely due to the more frequent strong convection and thunderstorms in inland areas. This research suggests pertinent air quality control measures should be designed accordingly for specific geographical locations.
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Concentrations, Size Distribution, and Community Structure Characteristics of Culturable Airborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Xinxiang, Central China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is considered an important threat to global health and has recently attracted significant attention from the public. In this study, the concentrations and size distribution characteristics of culturable airborne total bacteria (TB) and four antibiotic-resistant bacteria (tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRB), ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria (CRB), erythromycin-resistant bacteria (ERB), and ampicillin-resistant bacteria (ARB)) were investigated for approximately one year to explore their variations under different seasons, diurnal periods, and air quality levels. The concentrations of TB and four antibiotic-resistant bacteria in winter and night were higher than during other seasons and diurnal periods. Their maximum concentrations were detected from air under moderate pollution or heavy pollution. PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 were positively related to TB and four antibiotic-resistant bacteria (p < 0.01), whereas O3 and wind speed were negatively related to them (p < 0.05). The particle size of TB and four antibiotic-resistant bacteria were mainly distributed in stage V (1.1–2.2 µm). Bacillus was the dominant genus of ARB (75.97%) and CRB (25.67%). Staphylococcus and Macrococcus were the dominant genera of TRB (46.05%) and ERB (47.67%), respectively. The opportunistic pathogens of Micrococcus, Sphingomonas, Enterococcus, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas were also identified. This study provides important references for understanding the threat of bioaerosols to human health.
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Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Bacteria and Fungi in PM2.5 in Typical Basin Cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms existing in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have key implications in biogeochemical cycling and human health. In this study, PM2.5 samples, collected in the typical basin cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China, were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing to understand microbial seasonal variation characteristics and ecological functions. For bacteria, the highest richness and diversity were identified in autumn. The bacterial phyla were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Metabolism was the most abundant pathway, with the highest relative abundance found in autumn. Pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Delftia) were positively correlated with most disease-related pathways. Besides, C cycling dominated in spring and summer, while N cycling dominated in autumn and winter. The relative abundance of S cycling was highest during winter in Linfen. For fungi, the highest richness was found in summer. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota mainly constituted the fungal phyla. Moreover, temperature (T) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Xi’an, and T, SO2, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Linfen were the key factors affecting microbial community structures, which were associated with different pollution characteristics in Xi’an and Linfen. Overall, these results provide an important reference for the research into airborne microbial seasonal variations, along with their ecological functions and health impacts.
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Babuna P, Han C, Li M, Gyilbag A, Dehui B, Awudi DA, Supe Tulcan RX, Yang S, Yang X. The effect of human settlement temperature and humidity on the growth rules of infected and recovered cases of COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111106. [PMID: 33848552 PMCID: PMC8049428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of humidity and temperature on the spread of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) by statistically comparing modelled pandemic dynamics (daily infection and recovery cases) with daily temperature and humidity of three climate zones (Mainland China, South America and Africa) from January to August 2020. We modelled the pandemic growth using a simple logistic function to derive information of the viral infection and describe the growth of infected and recovered cases. The results indicate that the infected and recovered cases of the first wave were controlled in China and managed in both South America and Africa. There is a negative correlation between both humidity (r = - 0.21; p = 0.27) and temperature (r = -0.22; p = 0.24) with spread of the virus. Though this study did not fully encompass socio-cultural factors, we recognise that local government responses, general health policies, population density and transportation could also affect the spread of the virus. The pandemic can be managed better in the second wave if stricter safety protocols are implemented. We urge various units to collaborate strongly and call on countries to adhere to stronger safety protocols in the second wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Babuna
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 227, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Chuanliang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije University Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amatus Gyilbag
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (GSCAAS), Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bian Dehui
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Doris Abra Awudi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Nanjing 211166, China
| | | | - Saini Yang
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Maleki M, Anvari E, Hopke PK, Noorimotlagh Z, Mirzaee SA. An updated systematic review on the association between atmospheric particulate matter pollution and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110898. [PMID: 33610583 PMCID: PMC7891063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
On December 31, 2019, the novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) was emerged in Wuhan city, China, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is a much controversial debate about the major pathways of transmission of the virus including airborne route. The present work is a systematic literature review (SR) aimed to assess the association of air pollution especially particulate matter pollution in the transmission and acceleration of the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The systematic literature search was performed to identify the available studies published through October 31, 2020 concerning the transmission of the disease and particulate matter air pollution in four international electronic databases. From the results of the included studies, there are suggestions that atmospheric particulate matter pollution plays a role in the SARS-CoV-2 spread, but the literature has not confirmed that it enhances the transmission although some studies have proposed that atmospheric particulate matter can operate as a virus carrier, promoting its spread. Therefore, although PM concentration alone cannot be effective in spreading the COVID-19 disease, other meteorological and environmental parameters including size of particles in ambient air, weather conditions, wind speed, relative humidity (RH) and temperature are involved. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all influencing parameters to prevent the spreading of COVID-19 disease. More studies are required to strengthen the scientific evidence and support more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maleki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Clarkson University, USA.
| | - Zahra Noorimotlagh
- Biotechnology and Medical Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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27
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Ye T, Xu R, Yu W, Chen Z, Guo Y, Li S. Vulnerability and Burden of All-Cause Mortality Associated with Particulate Air Pollution during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Observed Study in Italy. TOXICS 2021; 9:56. [PMID: 33804264 PMCID: PMC8001417 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence is available on the health effects of particulate matter (PM including PM2.5 with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM10, ≤ 10 μm; PM2.5-10, 2.5-10 μm) during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Italy. The aims of the study were to examine the associations between all-cause mortality and PM in the pandemic period and compare them to the normal periods (2015-2019). METHODS We collected daily data regarding all-cause mortality (stratified by age and gender), and PM concentrations for 107 Italian provinces from 1 January 2015 to 31 May 2020. A time-stratified case-cross design with the distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between PM and all-cause mortality. We also compared the counts and fractions of death attributable to PM in two periods. RESULTS Italy saw an increase in daily death counts while slight decreases in PM concentrations in pandemic period. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM was associated with much higher increase in daily all-cause mortality during the pandemic period compared to the same months during 2015-2019 (increased mortality rate: 7.24% (95%CI: 4.84%, 9.70%) versus 1.69% (95%CI: 1.12%, 2.25%) for PM2.5; 3.45% (95%CI: 2.58%, 4.34%) versus 1.11% (95%CI: 0.79%, 1.42%) for PM10; 4.25% (95%CI: 2.99%, 5.52%) versus 1.76% (95%CI: 1.14%, 2.38%) for PM2.5-10). The counts and fractions of deaths attributable to PM were higher in 2020 for PM2.5 (attributable death counts: 20,062 versus 3927 per year in 2015-2019; attributable fractions: 10.2% versus 2.4%), PM10 (15,112 versus 3999; 7.7% versus 2.5%), and PM2.5-10 (7193 versus 2303; 3.7% versus 1.4%). CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic increased the vulnerability and excess cases of all-cause mortality associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 in Italy, despite a decline in air pollution level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (T.Y.); (R.X.); (W.Y.)
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (T.Y.); (R.X.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (T.Y.); (R.X.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhaoyue Chen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (T.Y.); (R.X.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (T.Y.); (R.X.); (W.Y.)
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28
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Chen H, Du R, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ren W, Du P. Survey of background microbial index in inhalable particles in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143743. [PMID: 33277017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As a potential transmission route for diseases, aerosols have an important impact on human health. At present, research concerning the biological components of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is of increasing interest. However, previous research has mainly focused on serious pollution conditions, creating a knowledge gap regarding background atmospheric microbes. In this study, we observed the atmosphere of Huairou in Beijing for one year, analyzed the characteristics of the physiological metabolic activity of the microorganisms as an index to determine the air quality, and further explored the microbial communities. From January 2018 to January 2019, a total of 157 days of microbial activity data for PM2.5 and PM10 were obtained through the use of a modified fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis method. Our results showed that there was no significant difference between the microbial activity of PM2.5 and PM10, even though there was significant seasonal variation. At increasing pollution levels, the results showed that the microbial activity decreased at first, and then increased as the conditions worsened. The microbial community of PM2.5 was analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing method. There were significant seasonal differences in species richness and community diversity of bacteria in PM2.5, whereas there was variation only in its fungi species richness. Notably, the microbial community dominated by bacteria has a significant influence on microbial activity. From the perspective of microbial community composition, this study uncovered the possible causes of microbial activity variation and identified the key bacteria and fungi. These results will provide a theoretical basis for both improving air biological pollution predictions and ambient air quality evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sujian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weishan Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengrui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Research progress in nanozyme-based composite materials for fighting against bacteria and biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 198:111465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Cordero JM, Núñez A, García AM, Borge R. Assessment and statistical modelling of airborne microorganisms in Madrid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116124. [PMID: 33246763 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The limited evidence available suggests that the interaction between chemical pollutants and biological particles may intensify respiratory diseases caused by air pollution in urban areas. Unlike air pollutants, which are routinely measured, records of biotic component are scarce. While pollen concentrations are daily surveyed in most cities, data related to airborne bacteria or fungi are not usually available. This work presents the first effort to understand atmospheric pollution integrating both biotic and abiotic agents, trying to identify relationships among the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Ascomycota phyla with palynological, meteorological and air quality variables using all biological historical records available in the Madrid Greater Region. The tools employed involve statistical hypothesis contrast tests such as Kruskal-Wallis and machine learning algorithms. A cluster analysis was performed to analyse which abiotic variables were able to separate the biotic variables into groups. Significant relationships were found for temperature and relative humidity. In addition, the relative abundance of the biological phyla studied was affected by PM10 and O3 ambient concentration. Preliminary Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to predict the biotic relative abundances based on these atmospheric variables were developed. The results (r = 0.70) were acceptable taking into account the scarcity of the available data. These models can be used as an indication of the biotic composition when no measurements are available. They are also a good starting point to continue working in the development of more accurate models and to investigate causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Cordero
- Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, (UPM), E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Núñez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), E-28006, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M García
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Borge
- Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, (UPM), E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Samaké A, Martins JMF, Bonin A, Uzu G, Taberlet P, Conil S, Favez O, Thomasson A, Chazeau B, Marchand N, Jaffrezo JL. Variability of the Atmospheric PM 10 Microbiome in Three Climatic Regions of France. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:576750. [PMID: 33519725 PMCID: PMC7838387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.576750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Biogenic Organic Aerosols (PBOA) were recently shown to be produced by only a few types of microorganisms, emitted by the surrounding vegetation in the case of a regionally homogeneous field site. This study presents the first comprehensive description of the structure and main sources of airborne microbial communities associated with temporal trends in Sugar Compounds (SC) concentrations of PM10 in 3 sites under a climatic gradient in France. By combining sugar chemistry and DNA Metabarcoding approaches, we intended to identify PM10-associated microbial communities and their main sources at three sampling-sites in France, under different climates, during the summer of 2018. This study accounted also for the interannual variability in summer airborne microbial community structure (bacteria and fungi only) associated with PM10-SC concentrations during a 2 consecutive years’ survey at one site. Our results showed that temporal changes in PM10-SC in the three sites are associated with the abundance of only a few specific taxa of airborne fungi and bacterial. These taxa differ significantly between the 3 climatic regions studied. The microbial communities structure associated with SC concentrations of PM10 during a consecutive 2-year study remained stable in the rural area. Atmospheric concentration levels of PM10-SC species varied significantly between the 3 study sites, but with no clear difference according to site typology (rural vs. urban), suggesting that SC emissions are related to regional rather than local climatic characteristics. The overall microbial beta diversity in PM10 samples is significantly different from that of the main vegetation around the urban sites studied. This indicates that the airborne microorganisms at these urban sites are not solely from the immediate surrounding vegetation, which contrasts with observations at the scale of a regionally homogeneous rural site in 2017. These results improve our understanding of the spatial behavior of tracers of PBOA emission sources, which need to be better characterized to further implement this important mass fraction of Organic Matter (OM) in Chemical Transport models (CTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Samaké
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Jean M F Martins
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (UMR 5553), BP 53, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (UMR 5553), BP 53, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Conil
- ANDRA DRD/OPE Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, Bure, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
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Rodríguez A, Seseña S, Sánchez E, Rodríguez M, Palop ML, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios RDC, Rodríguez Fariñas N. Temporal variability measurements of PM 2.5 and its associated metals and microorganisms on a suburban atmosphere in the central Iberian Peninsula. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110220. [PMID: 32946891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel and multidisciplinary observational analysis of atmospheric components in the Central Iberian Peninsula is presented here. PM2.5 concentrations and both populations of cultivable and non-cultivable microorganisms and concentrations of a wide range of trace elements associated have been simultaneously studied during multiple events along one year. The aim has been to characterize their potential relations and dependencies, and their seasonal, daily and hourly evolution. Tools that could explain the atmospheric mechanisms and sources from all these elements have been also evaluated. As it would be expected from a suburban environment, absolute levels obtained were not close to legislation limits. Anthropogenic and natural sources, such as heating home, soil resuspension, or Sahara dust intrusion; and atmospheric factors are responsible for higher PM2.5 and metals concentrations in months with both low and high temperatures. Daily and hourly evolution depends on University Campus activity, especially on traffic flow and resuspended dust due to human transit. No statistical significant differences on daily or seasonal scales between cultivable counts of fungi and bacteria were displayed. However, using the q-PCR technique, the bacterial population was lower in winter. Positive correlations between PM2.5 and relative humidity; and PM2.5 and cultivable microorganism have been established. It was also the case among 7 of the 11 trace elements, indicating then common natural or anthropogenic sources. In summary, this work illustrates the interest of a combined inspection of elements, interactions and dependencies when studying the unique and continuous atmospheric environment, which are typically analysed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Susana Seseña
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Enrique Sánchez
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Llanos Palop
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Rodríguez Fariñas
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
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Coccia M. The effects of atmospheric stability with low wind speed and of air pollution on the accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2020.1802937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Department of Social Sciences and Humanities-Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino), Italy
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Coccia M. Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to prevent future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138474. [PMID: 32498152 PMCID: PMC7169901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
This study has two goals. The first is to explain the geo-environmental determinants of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats similar to COVID-19 having an accelerated viral infectivity in society. Using data on sample of N = 55 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 7th, 2020, results reveal that the accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution of cities measured with days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter) or ozone. In particular, hinterland cities with average high number of days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (and also having a low wind speed) have a very high number of infected people on 7th April 2020 (arithmetic mean is about 2200 infected individuals, with average polluted days greater than 80 days per year), whereas coastal cities also having days exceeding the limits set for PM10 or ozone but with high wind speed have about 944.70 average infected individuals, with about 60 average polluted days per year; moreover, cities having more than 100 days of air pollution (exceeding the limits set for PM10), they have a very high average number of infected people (about 3350 infected individuals, 7th April 2020), whereas cities having less than 100 days of air pollution per year, they have a lower average number of infected people (about 1014 individuals). The findings here also suggest that to minimize the impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year that Italian provincial capitals or similar industrialized cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological conditions, is about 48 days. Moreover, results here reveal that the explanatory variable of air pollution in cities seems to be a more important predictor in the initial phase of diffusion of viral infectivity (on 17th March 2020, b1 = 1.27, p < 0.001) than interpersonal contacts (b2 = 0.31, p < 0.05). In the second phase of maturity of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, air pollution reduces intensity (on 7th April 2020 with b'1 = 0.81, p < 0.001) also because of the indirect effect of lockdown, whereas regression coefficient of transmission based on interpersonal contacts has a stable level (b'2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). This result reveals that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is due to mainly to the mechanism of "air pollution-to-human transmission" (airborne viral infectivity) rather than "human-to-human transmission". Overall, then, transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, such as COVID-19, is due to systemic causes: general factors that are the same for all regions (e.g., biological characteristics of virus, incubation period, etc.) and specific factors which are different for each region and/or city (e.g., complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity) and health level of individuals (habits, immune system, age, sex, etc.). Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the case study here suggest that a proactive strategy to cope with future epidemics is also to apply especially an environmental and sustainable policy based on reduction of levels of air pollution mainly in hinterland and polluting cities- (having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and number of fog days) -that seem to have an environment that foster a fast transmission dynamics of viral infectivity in society. Hence, in the presence of polluting industrialization in regions that can trigger the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, this study must conclude that a comprehensive strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be also designed in environmental and socioeconomic terms, that is also based on sustainability science and environmental science, and not only in terms of biology, medicine, healthcare and health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Via Real Collegio, 30-10024 Moncalieri, Torino, Italy; Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Lauder Hall, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Cheng CY, Vo TTT, Lin WN, Huang HW, Chuang CC, Chu PM, Lee IT. Nrf2/HO-1 partially regulates cytoprotective effects of carbon monoxide against urban particulate matter-induced inflammatory responses in oral keratinocytes. Cytokine 2020; 133:155185. [PMID: 32615411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) increases the proportion of oral inflammatory diseases. During the formation of inflammatory conditions, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays an important regulator. Carbon monoxide (CO) arising from heme degradation, catalyzed particularly by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has been shown to own cytoprotective effects including anti-inflammation and antioxidant. Here, we determined the novel mechanisms of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on PM-induced inflammatory responses in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). METHODS The effects of CORM-2 on the expression of various inflammatory proteins induced by PM were determined by Western blot, real-time PCR, promoter assay, and ELISA. The involvement of signaling molecules in these responses was studied by using the selective pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs. RESULTS We proved that PM enhanced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β release, which were reduced by preincubation with CORM-2. Transfection with PKCα siRNA and preincubation with the ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium, DPI), or the mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger (MitoTEMPO) inhibited PM-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, PM-regulated PKCα and NADPH oxidase activation as well as NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS generation were inhibited by CORM-2, but not inactivate CORM-2 (iCORM-2) pretreatment. At the end, we confirmed that CORM-2 improved PM-induced inflammatory responses via the induction of Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression. CONCLUSION We suggest that CORM-2 inhibits PM-induced inflammatory responses in HOKs via the inhibition of PKCα/ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome activation combined with the induction of Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Chuang
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Comunian S, Dongo D, Milani C, Palestini P. Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19's Morbidity and Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4487. [PMID: 32580440 PMCID: PMC7345938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sars-cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. Covid-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the Covid-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of Covid-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Comunian
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Chiara Milani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Coccia M. Two mechanisms for accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with high intensity of population and polluting industrialization: the air pollution-to-human and human-to-human transmission dynamics (Preprint).. [DOI: 10.2196/preprints.19331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is viral infection that generates a severe acute respiratory syndrome with serious pneumonia that may result in progressive respiratory failure and death.
OBJECTIVE
This study has two goals. The first is to explain the main factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats with of accelerated viral infectivity in society.
METHODS
Correlation and regression analyses on on data of N=55 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 2020.
RESULTS
The main results are:
o The accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution.
o Hinterland cities have average days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter) equal to 80 days, and an average number of infected more than 2,000 individuals as of April 1st, 2020, coastal cities have days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 equal to 60 days and have about 700 infected in average.
o Cities that average number of 125 days exceeding the limits set for PM10, last year, they have an average number of infected individual higher than 3,200 units, whereas cities having less than 100 days (average number of 48 days) exceeding the limits set for PM10, they have an average number of about 900 infected individuals.
o The results reveal that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in specific environments is due to two mechanisms given by: air pollution-to-human transmission and human-to-human transmission; in particular, the mechanisms of air pollution-to-human transmission play a critical role rather than human-to-human transmission.
o The finding here suggests that to minimize future epidemic similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year in which cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological condition, is less than 50 days. After this critical threshold, the analytical output here suggests that environmental inconsistencies because of the combination between air pollution and meteorological conditions (with high moisture%, low wind speed and fog) trigger a take-off of viral infectivity (accelerated epidemic diffusion) with damages for health of population, economy and society.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity, lessons learned for COVID-19 have to be applied for a proactive socioeconomic strategy to cope with future epidemics, especially an environmental policy based on reduction of air pollution mainly in hinterland zones of countries, having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and fog that create an environment that can damage immune system of people and foster a fast transmission of viral infectivity similar to the COVID-19.
CLINICALTRIAL
not applicable
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Coccia M. Two mechanisms for accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with high intensity of population and polluting industrialization: the air pollution-to-human and human-to-human transmission dynamics.. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWhat is COVID-19?Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is viral infection that generates a severe acute respiratory syndrome with serious pneumonia that may result in progressive respiratory failure and death.What are the goals of this investigation?This study explains the geo-environmental determinants of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 in Italy that is generating a high level of deaths and suggests general lessons learned for a strategy to cope with future epidemics similar to COVID-19 to reduce viral infectivity and negative impacts in economic systems and society.What are the results of this study?The main results are:
The accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution.Hinterland cities have average days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter) equal to 80 days, and an average number of infected more than 2,000 individuals as of April 1st, 2020, coastal cities have days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 equal to 60 days and have about 700 infected in average.Cities that average number of 125 days exceeding the limits set for PM10, last year, they have an average number of infected individual higher than 3,200 units, whereas cities having less than 100 days (average number of 48 days) exceeding the limits set for PM10, they have an average number of about 900 infected individuals.The results reveal that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in specific environments is due to two mechanisms given by: air pollution-to-human transmission and human-to-human transmission; in particular, the mechanisms of air pollution-to-human transmission play a critical role rather than human-to-human transmission.The finding here suggests that to minimize future epidemic similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year in which cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological condition, is less than 50 days. After this critical threshold, the analytical output here suggests that environmental inconsistencies because of the combination between air pollution and meteorological conditions (with high moisture%, low wind speed and fog) trigger a take-off of viral infectivity (accelerated epidemic diffusion) with damages for health of population, economy and society.What is a socioeconomic strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19?Considering the complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity, lessons learned for COVID-19 have to be applied for a proactive socioeconomic strategy to cope with future epidemics, especially an environmental policy based on reduction of air pollution mainly in hinterland zones of countries, having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and fog that create an environment that can damage immune system of people and foster a fast transmission of viral infectivity similar to the COVID-19.This study must conclude that a strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID 19 has also to be designed in environmental and sustainability science and not only in terms of biology.
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