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Kim J, Kaown D, Lee KK. Coupling of radon and microbial analysis for dense non-aqueous-phase liquid tracing and health risk assessment in groundwater under seasonal variations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134939. [PMID: 38889466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) represent one of the most hazardous contaminants of groundwater, posing health risks to humans. Radon is generally used to trace DNAPLs; however, external factors, such as rainfall or stream water, can influence its efficacy. To overcome these limitations, this study pioneered the integration of radon and microbial community structures to explore DNAPL tracing and natural attenuation in the context of seasonal variations for human health risk assessments. The results showed that a radon tracer can estimate DNAPL saturation in the source zone, especially during the dry season when radon deficiency predominates. However, samples exhibited mixing effects during the wet season because of local precipitation. Moreover, bioremediation and low health risks were observed in the plume boundary zone, indicating that microbial dechlorination was a predominant factor determining these risks. The abnormal patterns of radon observed during the wet season can be elucidated by examining microbiological communities. Consequently, a combined approach employing radon and microbial analysis is advocated for the boundary zone, albeit with a less intensive management strategy, compared with that for the source zone. This novel coupling method offers a theoretical and practical foundation for managing DNAPL-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Huang SW, Hussain B, Chen JS, Asif A, Hsu BM. Evaluating groundwater ecosystem dynamics in response to post in-situ remediation of mixed chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs): An insight into microbial community resilience, adaptability, and metabolic functionality for sustainable remediation and ecosystem restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170874. [PMID: 38350560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The in-situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with mixed chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) has become a significant global research interest. However, limited attention has been given in understanding the effects of these remediation efforts on the groundwater microbial communities, which are vital for maintaining ecosystem health through their involvement in biogeochemical cycles. Hence, this study aimed to provide valuable insights into the impacts of in-situ remediation methods on groundwater microbial communities and ecosystem functionality, employing high-throughput sequencing coupled with functional and physiological assays. The results showed that both bioremediation and chemical remediation methods adversely affected microbial diversity and abundance compared to non-polluted sites. Certain taxa such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Vogesella were sensitive to these remediation methods, while Aquabacterium exhibited greater adaptability. Functional annotation unveiled the beneficial impact of bioremediation on the sulfur cycle and specific taxa such as Cellvibrio, Massilia, Algoriphagus, and Flavobacterium which showed a significant positive relationship with dark oxidation of sulfur compounds. In contrast, chemical remediation showed adverse impacts on the nitrogen cycle with a reduced abundance of nitrogen and nitrate respiration along with a reduced utilization of amines (nitrogen rich substrate). The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the potential impacts of in-situ remediation methods on groundwater microbial communities and ecosystem functionality, emphasizing the need for meticulous consideration to ensure the implementation of effective and sustainable remediation strategies that safeguard ecosystem health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Huang
- Center for environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aslia Asif
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Kaown D, Lee E, Koh DC, Mayer B, Mahlknecht J, Park DK, Yoon YY, Kim RH, Lee KK. The effects of heavy rain on the fate of urban and agricultural pollutants in the riverside area around weirs using multi-isotope, microbial data and numerical simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169422. [PMID: 38135072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increase in extreme heavy rain due to climate change is a critical factor in the fate of urban and agricultural pollutants in aquatic system. Nutrients, including NO3- and PO43-, are transported with surface and seepage waters into rivers, lakes and aquifers and can eventually lead to algal blooms. δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, and δ11B combined with hydrogeochemical and microbial data for groundwater and surface water samples were interpreted to evaluate the fate of nutrients in a riverside area around weirs in Daegu, South Korea. Most of the ions showed similar concentrations in the groundwater samples before and after heavy rain while concentrations of major ions in surface water samples were diluted after heavy rain. However, Si, PO43-, Zn, Ce, La, Pb, Cu and a number of waterborne pathogens increased in surface water after heavy rain. The interpretation of δ11B, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3- values using a Bayesian mixing model revealed that sewage and synthetic fertilizers were the main sources of contaminants in the groundwater and surface water samples. δ18O and SiO2 interpreted using the Bayesian mixing model indicated that the groundwater component in the surface water increased from 4.4 % to 17.9 % during the wet season. This is consistent with numerical simulation results indicating that the direct surface runoff and the groundwater baseflow contributions to the river system had also increased 6.4 times during the wet season. The increase in proteobacteria and decrease of actinobacteria in the surface water samples after heavy rain were also consistent with an increase of surface runoff and an increased groundwater component in the surface water. This study suggests that source apportionment based on chemical and multi-isotope data combined with numerical modeling approaches can be useful for identifying main hydrological and geochemical processes in riverside areas around weirs and can inform suggestions of effective methods for water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Earth, Energy and Environment, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Yeol Yoon
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ju Y, Baik MH, Lee SY, Lee KK, Kaown D, Shin D, Ryu JH. Identifying the origin and fate of dissolved U in the Boeun aquifer based on microbial signatures and C, O, Fe, S, and U isotopes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132051. [PMID: 37467612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The uranium inventory in the Boeun aquifer is situated near an artificial reservoir (40-70 m apart) intended to supply water to nearby cities. However, toxic radionuclides can enter the reservoir. To determine the U mobility in the system, we analyzed groundwater and fracture-filling materials (FFMs) for environmental tracers, including microbial signatures, redox-sensitive elements and isotopes. In the site, U mass flux ranged from only 9.59 × 10-7 µg/L/y to 1.70 × 10-4 µg/L/y. The δ18O-H2O and 14C signatures showed that groundwater originated mainly from upland recharges and was not influenced by oxic surface water. We observed U accumulations (∼157 mg/kg) in shallow FFMs and Fe enrichments (∼226798 mg/kg) and anomalies in the 230Th/238U activity ratio (AR), 230Th/234U AR, δ56Fe and δ57Fe isotopes, suggesting that low U mobility in shallow depths is associated with a Fe-rich environment. At shallow depths, anaerobic Fe-oxidizers, Gallionella was prevalent in the groundwater, while Acidovorax was abundant near the U ore deposit depth. The Fe-rich environment at shallow depths was formed by sulfide dissolution, as demonstrated by δ34S-SO4 and δ18O-SO4 distribution. Overall, the Fe-rich aquifer including abundant sulfide minerals immobilizes dissolved U through biotic and abiotic processes, without significant leaching into nearby reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeoJin Ju
- Disposal Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hoon Baik
- Disposal Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Lee
- Disposal Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongbok Shin
- Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Ryu
- Disposal Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea.
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Hussain B, Chen JS, Huang SW, Tsai IS, Rathod J, Hsu BM. Underpinning the ecological response of mixed chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) associated with contaminated and bioremediated groundwaters: A potential nexus of microbial community structure and function for strategizing efficient bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122215. [PMID: 37473850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structure, dynamics, and functionality of microbial communities is essential for developing sustainable and effective bioremediation strategies, particularly for sites contaminated with mixed chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), which can make the biodegradation process more complex and challenging. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a significant change in microbial distribution in response to CVOCs contamination. The loss of sensitive taxa such as Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota was observed, while CVOCs-resistant taxa such as Campilobacterota were found significantly enriched in contaminated sites. Additionally, varying abundances of crucial enzymes involved in the sequential biodegradation of CVOCs were expressed depending on the contamination level. Association analysis revealed that specific genera such as Sulfurospirillum, Azospira, Trichlorobacter, Acidiphilium, and Magnetospririllum could relatively survive under higher levels of CVOC contamination, whereas pH, ORP and temperature had a negative influence in their abundance and distribution. However, Dechloromonas, Thiobacillus, Pseudarcicella, Hydrogenophaga, and Sulfuritalea showed a negative relationship with CVOC contamination, highlighting their sensitivity towards CVOC contamination. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship among ecological responses, the groundwater bacterial community, and their functionality in response to mixed CVOC contamination, offering a fundamental basis for developing effective and sustainable bioremediation strategies for CVOC-contaminated groundwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Sen Tsai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jagat Rathod
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near Gujarat International Finance and Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Kaown D, Koh DC, Mayer B, Mahlknecht J, Ju Y, Rhee SK, Kim JH, Park DK, Park I, Lee HL, Yoon YY, Lee KK. Estimation of nutrient sources and fate in groundwater near a large weir-regulated river using multiple isotopes and microbial signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130703. [PMID: 36587594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excessive input of nutrients into groundwater can accelerate eutrophication in associated surface water systems. This study combined hydrogeochemistry, multi isotope tracers, and microbiological data to estimate nutrient sources and the effects of groundwater-surface water interactions on the spatiotemporal variation of nutrients in groundwater connected to a large weir-regulated river in South Korea. δ11B and δ15N-NO3- values, in combination with a Bayesian mixing model, revealed that manure and sewage contributed 40 % and 25 % respectively to groundwater nitrate, and 42 % and 27 % to nitrate in surface water during the wet season. In the dry season, the source apportionment was similar for groundwater while the sewage contribution increased to 52 % of nitrate in river water. River water displayed a high correlation between NO3- concentration and cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Prochlorococcus) in the wet season. The mixing model using multiple isotopes indicated that manure-derived nutrients delivered with increased contributions of groundwater to the river during the wet season governed the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the river. We postulate that the integrated approach using multi-isotopic and microbiological data is highly effective for evaluating nutrient sources and for delineating hydrological interactions between groundwater and surface water, as well as for investigating surface water quality including eutrophication in riverine and other surface water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - YeoJin Ju
- Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Inwoo Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Yeol Yoon
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
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Dai H, Zhang Y, Fang W, Liu J, Hong J, Zou C, Zhang J. Microbial community structural response to variations in physicochemical features of different aquifers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1025964. [PMID: 36865779 PMCID: PMC9971630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1025964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The community structure of groundwater microorganisms has a significant impact on groundwater quality. However, the relationships between the microbial communities and environmental variables in groundwater of different recharge and disturbance types are not fully understood. Methods In this study, measurements of groundwater physicochemical parameters and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology were used to assess the interactions between hydrogeochemical conditions and microbial diversity in Longkou coastal aquifer (LK), Cele arid zone aquifer (CL), and Wuhan riverside hyporheic zone aquifer (WH). Redundancy analysis indicated that the primary chemical parameters affecting the microbial community composition were NO3 -, Cl-, and HCO3 -. Results The species and quantity of microorganisms in the river-groundwater interaction area were considerably higher than those in areas with high salinity [Shannon: WH (6.28) > LK (4.11) > CL (3.96); Chao1: WH (4,868) > CL (1510) > LK (1,222)]. Molecular ecological network analysis demonstrated that the change in microbial interactions caused by evaporation was less than that caused by seawater invasion under high-salinity conditions [(nodes, links): LK (71,192) > CL (51,198)], whereas the scale and nodes of the microbial network were greatly expanded under low-salinity conditions [(nodes, links): WH (279,694)]. Microbial community analysis revealed that distinct differences existed in the classification levels of the different dominant microorganism species in the three aquifers. Discussion Environmental physical and chemical conditions selected the dominant species according to microbial functions. Gallionellaceae, which is associated with iron oxidation, dominated in the arid zones, while Rhodocyclaceae, which is related to denitrification, led in the coastal zones, and Desulfurivibrio, which is related to sulfur conversion, prevailed in the hyporheic zones. Therefore, dominant local bacterial communities can be used as indicators of local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Hong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaowang Zou
- Hubei Shuili Hydro Power Reconnaissance Design Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Ürümqi, China
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Zahi F, Huneau F, Garel É, Stotler RL, Bordeleau G, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Drias T, Re V, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination on groundwater in coastal agricultural areas: A case from the Plain of the El-Nil River (North-Eastern Algeria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158153. [PMID: 35988595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on coastal aquifers subject to uncontrolled land use development by investigating the combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination. The research is undertaken in a Mediterranean coastal agricultural area (Plain of the El-Nil River, Algeria), where water resources are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to assess seawater contamination with its inland intrusion, and distinguish the nitrate sources and their apportionment. Results show that seawater intrusion is circumscribed to the sector neighboring the Mediterranean Sea, with two influencing functions including classic inland intrusion through the aquifer, and upstream seawater impact through the river mouth connected to the Mediterranean Sea. Groundwater and surface water samples reveal nitrate concentrations above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. Results from nitrate isotopic composition, NO3 and Cl concentrations, and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations chiefly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is related to wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is attributed to an excessive use of animal manure to fertilise agricultural areas. The dual negative impact of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination degrades water quality over a large proportion of the study area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to effective and sustainable water resources management in the Mediterranean coastal area. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the combined effect of various anthropogenic stressors on coastal environments and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other regions currently undergoing an early stage of water resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Faouzi Zahi
- Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Tarek Drias
- Université Mustapha Benboulaïd, Département de Géologie, Campus de Fesdiss, 05030 Batna, Algeria
| | - Viviana Re
- University of Pisa, Department of Earth Sciences, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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9
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Cao M, Hu A, Gad M, Adyari B, Qin D, Zhang L, Sun Q, Yu CP. Domestic wastewater causes nitrate pollution in an agricultural watershed, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153680. [PMID: 35150684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive quantities of nitrates in the aquatic environment can cause eutrophication and raise water safety concerns. Therefore, identification of the sources of nitrate is crucial to mitigate nitrate pollution and for better management of the water resources. Here, the spatiotemporal variations and sources of nitrate were investigated by stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O), hydrogeochemical variables (e.g., NO3- and Cl-), and exogenous microbial signals (i.e., sediments, soils, domestic and swine sewage) in an agricultural watershed (Changle River watershed) in China. The concentration ranges of δ15N- and δ18O-NO3- between 3.03‰-18.97‰ and -1.55‰-16.47‰, respectively, suggested that soil nitrogen, chemical fertilizers, and manure and sewage (M&S) were the primary nitrate sources. Bayesian isotopic mixing model suggested that the major proportion of nitrate within the watershed (53.12 ± 10.40% and 63.81 ± 15.08%) and tributaries (64.43 ± 5.03% and 76.20 ± 4.34%) were contributed by M&S in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Community-based microbial source tracking (MST) showed that untreated and treated domestic wastewater was the major source (>70%) of river microbiota. Redundancy analysis with the incorporation of land use, hydrogeochemical variables, dual stable isotope, and exogenous microbial signals revealed domestic wastewater as the dominant cause of nitrate pollution. Altogether, this study not only identifies and quantifies the spatiotemporal variations in nitrate sources in the study area but also provides a new analytical framework by combining nitrate isotopic signatures and community-based MST approaches for source appointment of nitrate in other polluted watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mahmoud Gad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Kaown D, Lee KK, Kim J, Woo JU, Lee S, Park IW, Lee D, Lee JY, Kim H, Ge S, Yeo IW. Earthquakes and very deep groundwater perturbation mutually induced. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13632. [PMID: 34211020 PMCID: PMC8249596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report unique observations from drilling and hydraulic stimulation at a depth of approximately 4.3 km in two Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) wells at the Pohang EGS site, South Korea. We surveyed drilling logs and hydraulic stimulation data, simulated pore pressure diffusion around the fault delineated by seismic and drilling log analyses, conducted acoustic image logging through the EGS wells, observed significant water level drops (740 m) in one of the two EGS wells, and obtained hydrochemical and isotopic variation data in conjunction with the microbial community characteristics of the two EGS wells. We discuss the hydraulic and hydrochemical responses of formation pore water to a few key seismic events near the hypocenter. We focused on how the geochemistry of water that flowed back from the geothermal wells changed in association with key seismic events. These were (1) a swarm of small earthquakes that occurred when a significant circulation mud loss occurred during well drilling, (2) the MW 3.2 earthquake during hydraulic stimulation, and (3) the MW 5.5 main shock two months after the end of hydraulic stimulation. This study highlights the value of real-time monitoring and water chemistry analysis, in addition to seismic monitoring during EGS operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ung Woo
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - In-Woo Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Daeha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Shemin Ge
- Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - In-Wook Yeo
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
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