1
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Zhao L, Fan Y, Chen H. Natural flocculant chitosan inhibits short-chain fatty acid production in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 403:130892. [PMID: 38795922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) serves as an excellent natural flocculant in wastewater purification and sludge conditioning, but its potential impact on anaerobic fermentation of waste-activated sludge is unclear. The current study investigated the role of CTS in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generation via sludge alkaline anaerobic fermentation. The results showed a drastic reduction in SCFA production with CTS, showing a maximum inhibition of 33 % at 6 mg/g of total suspended solids. CTS hindered sludge solubilization through flocculation, and acted as a humus precursor, promoting humus formation, and consequently reduced the amount of available substrates. Further, CTS promoted free ammonia production, posing a challenge to enzymes and cell viability. Additionally, CTS increased the population of Rikenellaceae sp. and weakened the dominance of hydrolyzing and acidifying bacteria. This study deepens the understanding of the potential impact of CTS on anaerobic fermentation and provides a theoretical basis for reducing the risk of polymeric flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yanchen Fan
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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2
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Xian L, Lu D, Yang Y, Feng J, Fang J, Jacobs DF, Wu D, Zeng S. Effects of woodland slope on heavy metal migration via surface runoff, interflow, and sediments in sewage sludge application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13468. [PMID: 38867064 PMCID: PMC11169265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) application to forest plantation soils as a fertilizer and/or soil amendment is increasingly adopted in plantation forest management. However, the potential risks of SS-derived heavy metals (HMs) remain a concern. Many factors, including woodland slope may affect the risks, but the understanding of this issue is limited. This research evaluated the HMs migration via surface runoff, interflow, and sediments when SS was applied in woodlands of varying slopes. We conducted indoor rainfall simulations and natural rainfall experiments to clarify the effect of slope on the migration of HMs via runoff (including surface and interflow) and sediments. In the simulated rainfall experiment, HMs lost via sediments increased by 9.79-27.28% when the slope increased from 5° to 25°. However, in the natural rainfall experiment, when the slope of forested land increased from 7° to 23°, HMs lost via surface runoff increased by 2.38% to 6.13%. These results indciate that the surface runoff water on a high slope (25°) posed high water quality pollution risks. The migration of HMs via surface runoff water or interflow increased as the steepness of the slope increased. The total migration of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd via sediment greatly exceeded that via surface runoff and interflow. Particles ≤ 0.05 mm contributed the most to the ecological risks posed by sediments. Cd was the main source of potential ecological risks in sediments under both experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xian
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehao Lu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantong Yang
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Fang
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Daoming Wu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Zeng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Morales M, Arp HPH, Castro G, Asimakopoulos AG, Sørmo E, Peters G, Cherubini F. Eco-toxicological and climate change effects of sludge thermal treatments: Pathways towards zero pollution and negative emissions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134242. [PMID: 38626686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The high moisture content and the potential presence of hazardous organic compounds (HOCs) and metals (HMs) in sewage sludge (SS) pose technical and regulatory challenges for its circular economy valorisation. Thermal treatments are expected to reduce the volume of SS while producing energy and eliminating HOCs. In this study, we integrate quantitative analysis of SS concentration of 12 HMs and 61 HOCs, including organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), with life-cycle assessment to estimate removal efficiency of pollutants, climate change mitigation benefits and toxicological effects of existing and alternative SS treatments (involving pyrolysis, incineration, and/or anaerobic digestion). Conventional SS treatment leaves between 24 % and 40 % of OPFRs unabated, while almost no degradation occurs for PFAS. Thermal treatments can degrade more than 93% of target OPFRs and 95 % of target PFAS (with the rest released to effluents). The different treatments affect how HMs are emitted across environmental compartments. Conventional treatments also show higher climate change impacts than thermal treatments. Overall, thermal treatments can effectively reduce the HOCs emitted to the environment while delivering negative emissions (from about -56 to -111 kg CO2-eq per tonne of sludge, when pyrolysis is involved) and producing renewable energy from heat integration and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Morales
- Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0886 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute for Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Erlend Sørmo
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0886 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Gregory Peters
- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE 412 96, Sweden
| | - Francesco Cherubini
- Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
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4
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Mankoti M, Meena SS, Mohanty A. Exploring the potential of eco-friendly carbon dots in monitoring and remediation of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33448-x. [PMID: 38713351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant interest owing to their distinctive optical and electronic properties. In contrast to semiconductor quantum dots, which incorporated toxic elements in their composition, CDs have emerged as a promising alternative, rendering them suitable for both environmental and biological applications. CDs exhibit astonishing features, including photoluminescence, charge transfer, quantum confinement effect, and biocompatibility. Recently, CDs derived from green sources have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong photostability, reduced toxicity, better biocompatibility, enhanced fluorescence, and simplicity. These attributes have shown great promise in the areas of LED technology, bioimaging, photocatalysis, drug delivery, biosensing, and antibacterial activity. In contrast, this review offers a comprehensive overview of various green sources utilized to produce CDs and methodologies, along with their merits and demerits, with a notable emphasis on physiochemical properties. Additionally, the paper provides insight into the bibliometric analysis and recent advancements of CDs in sensing, photocatalysis, and antibacterial activity. In this field, extensive research is underway, and a total of 7,438 articles have been identified. Among these, 4242 articles are dedicated to sensing applications, while 1518 and 1678 focus on adsorption and degradation. Carbon dots demonstrate exceptional sensing capabilities within the nanomolar range with a selectivity of up to 95% for pollutants. They exhibit excellent degradation efficiency exceeding 90% within 10-130 min and possess an adsorption capacity from 100 to 800 mg/g. These fascinating qualities render them suitable for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mankoti
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Sumer Singh Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Anee Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
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5
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Arteaga JFM, Vodnik D, Kastelec D, Zupanc M, Dular M, Ortar J, Đurić M, Kaurin A, Mihelic R, Lestan D. Removal of toxic metals from sewage sludge by EDTA and hydrodynamic cavitation and use of the sludge as fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171444. [PMID: 38438036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is rich in plant nutrients, including P, N, and organic C, but often contains toxic metals (TMs), which hinders its potential use in agriculture. The efficiency of removal of TMs by washing with ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), in combination with hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and the usability of washed sewage sludge as fertilizer were investigated. The environmental risk was assessed. During 8 wash batches an average 35, 68, 47 and 45 % of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu, respectively, as well as 22 and 5 % Mn and Fe were removed from the SS. The process solutions and EDTA were recycled at a pH gradient of 12.5-2, which was achieved by adding quicklime (CaO) and then acidification by H2SO4, so that no wastewater was produced, only solid waste (ReSoil® method). The quality of the recycled process solutions (they remained unsaturated with salts) and the efficiency of the washing process were maintained across all batches. On average, 46 % of the EDTA was lost during the process and was replenished. The initial leachability of EDTA-mobilized Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Fe remaining in the washed SS increased 6-, 17-, 3-, 11- and 11-fold, respectively, but not to hazardous levels except for Zn. After washing, P and K remained in the SS, plant-available P increased 3.3-fold, while total N and C were reduced by 20.28 and 2.44 %, respectively. Washed SS was used as fertilizer in the pot experiment. The yield of Brassica juncea did not improve, the uptake of TMs by the plants and the leaching of TMs from the soil were minimal. Our study highlighted the drawbacks and potential feasibility of the new SS washing method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Kastelec
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Zupanc
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva road 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva road 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ortar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva road 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Đurić
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering institute, Dimičeva street 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anela Kaurin
- Envit Ltd., Trzaska road 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Mihelic
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Lestan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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6
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Wang Y, Li L, Ma J, Han Y. The response and factors of microbial aerosol emission from the sludge bio-drying process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 175:294-304. [PMID: 38237405 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of microbial contaminants during waste disposal leads to the development of various diseases, including respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal infections. In this study, the emissions of airborne bacteria and fungi during the process of sludge bio-drying were investigated. The recorded emission levels of airborne bacteria and fungi were 2398 ± 1307 CFU/m3 and 1963 ± 468 CFU/m3, respectively. Viable bacteria were sized between 1.1 and 3.3 μm, while fungal particles were concentrated between 2.1 and 4.7 μm. High-throughput sequencing was used to conduct a microbial population assay, and correlation analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between key factors and bioaerosol emissions. The main bacteria identified were Bacillus sp., Lysinibacillus sp. YS11, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Brevundimonas olei, and Achromobacter sp.; the primary types of fungi were Aspergillus ochraceus, Gibberella intricans, Fusarium concentricum, Aspergillus qinqixianii, and Alternaria sp.; and the dominant opportunistic pathogens were Bacillus anthracis and Aspergillus ochraceus. At lower moisture and temperature levels, airborne bacterial concentrations were higher, especially the release of fine particles. In addition, moisture content had a significant impact on the microbial population in bioaerosols. This study provides insights into strategies for controlling bioaerosols in the exhaust gases of the sludge bio-drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Yang Y, Feng W, Bao L, Xian L, Lu J, Wu D, Jacobs DF, Zeng S. Effects of sewage sludge application methods on the transport of heavy metals with runoff and their mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168909. [PMID: 38029981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Woodland utilization is a promising disposal method for sewage sludge (SS). However, the potential risk of heavy metals (HMs) transport with runoff must be considered. Among the various factors influencing HMs loss, SS application methods (Holing application, HA; Broadcasting and mixing application, BM; Broadcasting application, BA) are likely to cause significant effects by altering soil erosion and soil aggregates. This study aimed to determine how SS application methods affect HMs loss, soil aggregates erosion, and how they are related. Accordingly, the losses of HMs in surface runoff, interflow, and sediment were quantified during six simulated rainfalls. The results demonstrated that all methods reduced surface runoff, but BA was the most effective. Additionally, BA significantly reduced the total sediment yield and the total proportion of the <0.05 mm fraction aggregates. Moreover, BA had the smallest cumulative losses of Pb and Cd through surface runoff and Cu, Pb, and Cd through sediment. Sediment was the most important pathway for HMs loss, through which over 76.56 % of HMs were lost. In BA, the <0.05 mm fraction aggregates had the lowest HMs load, whereas in other treatments had the highest (54.33 %-80.33 %). The potential ecological risk coefficient of Cd was beyond "moderate" in all the pathways of BM and "high" in the interflow of each SS treatment. Nonetheless, when the multi-elements were evaluated collectively, the potential ecological risk index for each SS treatment was categorized as "low". Overall, BA not only reduced soil erosion but also posed no risk of HMs pollution. It should be noted that the loss of Cd in the interflow had a great impact, while the <0.05 mm fraction aggregates played a significant role in the HMs load. Thus, the current study not only provides an effective approach for the environmentally safe disposal of SS but also proposes a scientific method for the application of SS in woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantong Yang
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weixun Feng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li'an Bao
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihua Xian
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Daoming Wu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA.
| | - Shucai Zeng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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8
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Martínez-Alvarenga H, Gutiérrez MC, Gómez-Cámer JL, Benítez A, Martín MA, Caballero A. Integral evaluation of effective conversion of sewage sludge from WWTP into highly porous activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119822. [PMID: 38134504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Urban sewage sludge (SL) is a major concern due to the number of environmental problems it causes. Its application for different purposes is strictly regulated, limiting the possibilities of recycling and reusing this material. Thus, in this work, a complete study of a simple method to convert SL into activated carbon (AC) was carried out. The comprehensive study involves an evaluation of the main process parameters, such as the activating agent (AA) content (25 %, 33 %, 50 %), using the lowest amount of AA as novelty, different pyrolysis temperatures (600 and 800 °C), and purification conditions (6 M HCl:AC ratio, v:w). Under controlled and optimised conditions and through a single combined activation and pyrolysis step followed by acid purification, ACs with well-developed porosity can be obtained. Surface area values of around 870 m2/g and over 60 % carbon content were achieved, demonstrating that the prepared ACs could have applications in a wide variety of fields as high-value products. As an innovative aspect in this research, the gases streams and liquid effluents generated during the global process were analysed, achieving elimination of over 63 % of the concentration of the chemical elements contained in the SL during the chemical purification stage. Finally, mass, energy, and economic balances were carried out to estimate the production cost of AC derived from SL (<€ 8/kg AC).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Martínez-Alvarenga
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M C Gutiérrez
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, N-IV, km 396, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - J L Gómez-Cámer
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Benítez
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M A Martín
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, N-IV, km 396, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
| | - A Caballero
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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9
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Yin S, Gao L, Fan X, Gao S, Zhou X, Jin W, He Z, Wang Q. Performance of sewage sludge treatment for the removal of antibiotic resistance genes: Status and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167862. [PMID: 37865259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive wastewater containing antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), which are predominant contributors to environmental pollution in water and soil. Of these sources, sludge is a more significant contributor than effluent. Knowing how sludge treatment affects the fate of ARGs is vital for managing the risk of these genes in both human and natural environments. This review therefore discusses the sources and transmission of ARGs in the environment and highlights the risks of ARGs in sludge. The effects of co-existing constituents (heavy metals, microplastics, etc.) on sludge and ARGs during treatment are collated to highlight the difficulty of treating sludge with complex constituents in ARGs. The effects of various sludge treatment methods on the abundances of ARGs in sludge and in soil from land application of treated sludge are discussed, pointing out that the choice of sludge treatment method should take into account various potential factors, such as soil and soil biology in subsequent land application. This review offers significant insights and explores the abundances of ARGs throughout the process of sludge treatment and disposal. Unintentional addition of antibiotic residues, heavy metals, microplastics and organic matter in sludge could significantly increase the abundance and reduce the removal efficiency of ARGs during treatment, which undoubtedly adds a barrier to the removal of ARGs from sludge treatment. The complexity of the sludge composition and the diversities of ARGs have led to the fact that no effective sludge treatment method has so far been able to completely eliminate the ecological risk of ARGs. In order to reduce risks resulting by transmission of ARGs, technical and management measures need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Le Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiumin Fan
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Intelligent Management and Control Center, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongqi He
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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10
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Bao P, Du C, Li Y, Jiang H, Zhou L, Yu G, Sun S, Zhou L, Li X, Teng J, Wang X, Wang J. Application of skeleton builders to sludge dewatering and disposal: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167106. [PMID: 37717769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of cities and population, the production of sludge is increasing annually. It has become an unavoidable challenge to achieve sludge dewatering and disposal by a cost-effective, efficient and safe process. In this work, firstly, the factors limiting sludge dewatering are reviewed in terms of moisture distribution, sludge concentration, organic matter content, electronegativity, floc strength, and extracellular polymers (EPS). Subsequently, focusing on the dewatering technology about the skeleton builder, the recent progress of it is detailed in terms of mechanism, evaluation indicators, influencing factors, and technology coupling. In addition, the impact of skeleton builders on the sludge disposal stage is concluded. Finally, the challenges faced by sludge dewatering and skeleton builders are prospected. This review will provide some theoretical basis and technical guidance for subsequent experiments and practices regarding skeleton builders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purui Bao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Dongting Lake Flood Control and Water Resources Protection of Hunan Province, Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Heng Jiang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Dongting Lake Flood Control and Water Resources Protection of Hunan Province, Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Junyi Teng
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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11
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Wang H, Zeng S, Luo L, Xu Y, Yasuo I, Luo F. Metatranscriptome revealed how carbon brush addition affected the fermentation of food wastewater in the low-temperature environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117382. [PMID: 37832774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance in low-temperature environments has become a key factor in the development of waste treatment and resource recovery in cold regions. The utilization of external carriers to form a biofilm is the simplest and most practical way to enhance the psychrophilic AD performance in cold regions. In this study, the effect of carrier addition on the fermentation performance of low-temperature (15 ± 2 °C) food wastewater was investigated by forming biofilms with carbon brushes. The results showed that although the biofilm formation enhanced methane yields (15.24%), it also caused more accumulation of propionic acid (306.99-626.89 mg/L), and the concentration of acetic acid (86.78-254.71 mg/L) was relatively low. The microbial community revealed the highest abundance of the fermentative bacterium Firmicutes and the carbon brush carrier significantly increased its relative abundance (23.74%). Metatranscriptomic sequencing revealed that the abundance level of Clostridium, Bacteroides, Sedimentibacter and Pelotomaculum was the highest, reaching 80% in all groups. In addition, the abundance level of electroactive microorganisms in biofilms was higher, while the fermentation bacteria and methanogens were lower. This showed that biofilm can enrich more electroactive microorganisms, and granular sludge needs to enrich more fermentation bacteria and methanogens to ensure metabolic activity. Further studies have found that carbon metabolism had the highest activity (27.86%-30.39%) and H+-transporting ATPase (atp) was the most dominant functional enzyme (85.50%-86.65%) involved in electron transport in low-temperature fermentation of food wastewater. Interestingly, these expression levels of active granular sludge were higher than the biofilm formed by carbon brushes. Meanwhile, analysis of the methanogenic pathway found that active granular sludge tends to be directly metabolized to realize acetate to acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS), while biofilms were not significantly different in the two metabolic pathways of acetate. These results deepen the understanding of treating low-temperature food wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shufang Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Igarashi Yasuo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Huang W, Li Y, Wang F, Feng L, Wang D, Ma Y, Wu Y, Luo J. Disinfectant sodium dichloroisocyanurate synergistically strengthened sludge acidogenic process and pathogens inactivation: Targeted upregulation of functional microorganisms and metabolic traits via self-adaptation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120787. [PMID: 37918196 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Harmless and resourceful treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) have been the crucial goal for building environmental-friendly and sustainable society, while the synergistic realization approach is currently limited. This work skillfully utilized the disinfectant sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) to simultaneously achieve the pathogenic potential inactivation (decreased by 60.1 %) and efficient volatile fatty acids (VFAs) recovery (increased by 221.9 %) during WAS anaerobic fermentation in rather cost-effective way (Chemicals costs:0.4 USD/kg VFAs versus products benefits: 2.68 USD/kg chemical). Mechanistic analysis revealed that the C=O and NCl bonds in NaDCC could spontaneously absorb sludge (binding energy -4.9 kJ/mol), and then caused the sludge disintegration and organic substrates release for microbial utilization due to the oxidizability of NaDCC. The disruption of sludge structure along with the increase of bioavailable fermentation substrates contributed to the selectively regulation of microbial community via enriching VFAs-forming microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas and Streptomyces) and reducing VFAs-consuming microorganisms, especially aceticlastic methanogens (e.g., Methanothrix and Methanospirillum). Correspondingly, the metabolic functions of membrane transport, substrate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis locating in the central pathway of VFAs production were all upregulated while the methanogenic step was inhibited (especially acetate-type methanogenic pathway). Further exploration unveiled that for those enriched functional anaerobes were capable to activate the self-adaptive systems of DNA replication, SOS response, oxidative stress defense, efflux pump, and energy metabolism to counteract the unfavorable NaDCC stress and maintain high microbial activities for efficient VFAs yields. This study would provide a novel strategy for synergistic realization of harmless and resourceful treatment of WAS, and identify the interrelations between microbial metabolic regulations and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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13
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Krebs R, Farrington KE, Johnson GR, Luckarift HR, Diltz RA, Owens JR. Biotechnology to reduce logistics burden and promote environmental stewardship for Air Force civil engineering requirements. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108269. [PMID: 37797730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides discussion of advances in biotechnology with specific application to civil engineering requirements for airfield and airbase operations. The broad objectives are soil stabilization, waste management, and environmental protection. The biotechnology focal areas address (1) treatment of soil and sand by biomineralization and biopolymer addition, (2) reduction of solid organic waste by anaerobic digestion, (3) application of microbes and higher plants for biological processing of contaminated wastewater, and (4) use of indigenous materials for airbase construction and repair. The consideration of these methods in military operating scenarios, including austere environments, involves comparison with conventional techniques. All four focal areas potentially reduce logistics burden, increase environmental sustainability, and may provide energy source, or energy-neutral practices that benefit military operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Krebs
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
| | - Karen E Farrington
- ARCTOS, LLC, 2601 Mission Point Blvd., Ste. 300, Beavercreek, OH 45431, USA; Air Force Civil Engineer Center, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite #2, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403, USA.
| | - Glenn R Johnson
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, USA; Air Force Civil Engineer Center, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite #2, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403, USA.
| | - Heather R Luckarift
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, USA; Air Force Civil Engineer Center, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite #2, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403, USA.
| | - Robert A Diltz
- Air Force Civil Engineer Center, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite #2, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403, USA.
| | - Jeffery R Owens
- Air Force Civil Engineer Center, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite #2, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403, USA.
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14
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Wilk M, Śliz M, Czerwińska K, Śledź M. The effect of an acid catalyst on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118820. [PMID: 37611519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This research is focused on the addition of a catalyst, sulphuric acid (VI), to sewage sludge, and its effect on solid and liquid products resulting from the hydrothermal carbonization process. Consequently, for hydrochars, proximate and ultimate analyses, higher heating value and specific surface area were determined. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometric and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted. The heavy metal contents in the ash composition of hydrochars were identified by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It was confirmed that the catalyst addition changed the structure as well as the physical and chemical properties of hydrochars and their ashes. Regarding post-processing water, both pH value and conductivity were determined and the element composition, including heavy metals, was conducted by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry analyses. It was found that the addition of the catalyst caused a decrease in heavy metal contents and an increase of phosphorus compound in filtrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wilk
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Śliz
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Czerwińska
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Śledź
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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15
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Li M, Gan YJ, Chen ZQ, Zhang WY, Li XY, Liu HL, Wang XZ. Pollution Status and Associated Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge in the Yangtze River Delta, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:63. [PMID: 37904061 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge (SS) is essential before land application. Six HMs in nineteen SS collected in the Yangtze River Delta were analyzed to assess risks to environment, ecosystem, and human health. HMs concentrations were ranked in the order of Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd, with Cu, Zn, and Ni in a total of 16% of samples exceeding the legal standard. Zn showed greatest extractability according to EDTA-extractable concentrations. HMs in 16% of SS samples posed heavy contamination to the environment with Zn as the major pollutant. HMs in 26% of samples posed ecological risk to the ecosystem and Cd was the highest risky HM. The probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that HMs posed carcinogenic risks to all populations, but non-carcinogenic risks only to children. This work will provide fundamental information for land application of SS in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jie Gan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Zi-Qi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
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16
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Teixeira da Silva JA. Comment on "Cow products: boon to human health and food security". Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:316. [PMID: 37737878 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
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17
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Lu H, Wu Y, Luo Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Peng X, Qiang Y. Effect of ultrasound-assisted EDTA and citric acid washing on heavy metal removal, residual heavy metal mobility, and sewage sludge quality. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1594-1607. [PMID: 37768757 PMCID: wst_2023_289 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ultrasound-assisted ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) washing on heavy metal (HM) removal, residual HM mobility, and sewage sludge quality. EDTA and CA washing of sewage sludge successfully reduced the total concentration of HMs after one round of washing, but the mobility of residual HMs increased significantly. The eluate had a high concentration of HMs and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and total organic carbon), although the nutritional content of the sludge remained high. The three-phase ratio of the sludge after six rounds of washing by CA was closest to the ideal three-phase ratio, and the degree of influence on the physical structure of the soil after a land application was reduced, according to the fluctuation of generalized soil structure index (GSSI) and soil three-phase structure distance (STPSD) values. The results indicate that CA as an environmental-friendly washing agent can be the superior choice for sludge HM washing; single washing of sewage sludge may increase the mobility of residual HMs, so multiple washings should be considered for land application of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpei Lu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China E-mail:
| | - Yonggui Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Hostile Environment Ecological Restoration Technology Engineering Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Youfa Luo
- Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Hostile Environment Ecological Restoration Technology Engineering Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Kast Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ziran Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yibin Qiang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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18
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Araújo FD, Silva GLO, Silvério FO, Pinho GP. Development of methods based on low-temperature partitioning (LTP) for monitoring cresols and chlorophenols in sewage sludge, soil, and water in column leaching. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37465866 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2236915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cresols and chlorophenols are chemical contaminants that are potentially toxic to humans and can be found in sewage sludge. These chemical contaminants can migrate into the sludge-soil-water system when sludge is used as a conditioner for agricultural soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop methodologies based on extraction with low-temperature partitioning (LTP) to determine cresols and chlorophenols in sewage sludge, soil, and water. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The validated methods were applied to monitor cresols and chlorophenols in a column-leaching study of a sludge-soil-water system. Satisfactory results were achieved for selectivity, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, and precision. In the column leaching study, only 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was quantified in sludge samples after 20 days of the experiment. None of the studied compounds were quantified in soil and leached water samples, due to the degradation promoted by the microorganisms present in the sewage sludge. Finally, validated methods were suitable for monitoring cresols and chlorophenols in the sludge-soil-water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia D Araújo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Gleison L O Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Flaviano O Silvério
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Gevany P Pinho
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
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19
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Kumar R, Dada TK, Whelan A, Cannon P, Sheehan M, Reeves L, Antunes E. Microbial and thermal treatment techniques for degradation of PFAS in biosolids: A focus on degradation mechanisms and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131212. [PMID: 36934630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic chemicals detected in biosolids worldwide, which have become a significant concern for biosolids applications due to their increasing environmental risks. Hence, it is pivotal to understand the magnitude of PFAS contamination in biosolids and implement effective technologies to reduce their contamination and prevent hazardous aftermaths. Thermal techniques such as pyrolysis, incineration and gasification, and biodegradation have been regarded as impactful solutions to degrade PFAS and transform biosolids into value-added products like biochar. These techniques can mineralize PFAS compounds under specific operating parameters, which can lead to unique degradation mechanisms and pathways. Understanding PFAS degradation mechanisms can pave the way to design the technology and to optimize the process conditions. Therefore, in this review, we aim to review and compare PFAS degradation mechanisms in thermal treatment like pyrolysis, incineration, gasification, smouldering combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), and biodegradation. For instance, in biodegradation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), firstly C-S bond cleavage occurs which is followed by hydroxylation, decarboxylation and defluorination reactions to form perfluoroheptanoic acid. In HTL, PFOS degradation is carried through OH-catalyzed series of nucleophilic substitution and decarboxylation reactions. In contrast, thermal PFOS degradation involves a three-step random-chain scission pathway. The first step includes C-S bond cleavage, followed by defluorination of perfluoroalkyl radical, and radical chain propagation reactions. Finally, the termination of chain propagation reactions produces very short-fluorinated units. We also highlighted important policies and strategies employed worldwide to curb PFAS contamination in biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Tewodros Kassa Dada
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Anna Whelan
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Townsville City Council, Wastewater Operations, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | | | - Madoc Sheehan
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Louise Reeves
- Queensland Water Directorate, Brisbane, QLD 4009, Australia
| | - Elsa Antunes
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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20
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Fang Y, Wang L, Pan W, Zou B, Qian G, Xu Y. Phosphorus recovery from incinerated sewage sludge ash using electrodialysis coupled with plant extractant enhancement technology. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 164:57-65. [PMID: 37031513 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an integral mineral nutrient for the growth of plants and animals. As the increasing population worldwide, the demand for P resources keeps increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to recover P from secondary resources. Unlike conventional P recovery processes, this work focused on the recovery of P from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) using electrodialysis as the main technology coupled with plant extractants. In this study, Amaranthus and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) were used as P extractants, investigating the effects of HPMA concentration and pH of the compound agent on the migration of P and heavy metals from ISSA. The results showed that the concentration of HPMA and pH of the compound agent had a significant influence on the mobility of P and heavy metals. Meanwhile, the impacts of eggshell additions and voltage on the recovery efficiency of P was also studied by using waste eggshells as calcium sources. We found that when eggshells were added at 10 g/L and the voltage was 10 V, the recovery efficiency of P reached 96.05%. Moreover, XRD patterns revealed that the mineral phase of recovered P-containing products was predominantly hydroxyapatite, which had good environmental benefits. Generally, the favorable results have been achieved in the recovery efficiency of P and has practical implications for P recovery from ISSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yangfan Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Boyuan Zou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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21
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Vinay, Surana D, Ghosh P, Kumar M, Varjani S, Kumar V, Mannina G. Contemporary Drift in Emerging Micro(nano)plastics Removal and Upcycling Technologies from Municipal Wastewater Sludge: Strategic Innovations and Prospects. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:174-197. [PMID: 37292232 PMCID: PMC10201030 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Annually, huge amounts of microplastics (MPs) are added to farmlands through sewage sludge (SS)/biosolid applications as a fertilizer. Most research emphasizes the enormity of the problem and demonstrates the fate, impacts, and toxicity of MPs during SS treatment processes and land applications. None has addressed the management strategies. To address the gaps, the current review evaluates the performance analysis of conventional and advanced sludge treatment methods in eliminating MPs from sludge. Recent Findings The review uncovers that the occurrence and characteristics of MPs in SS are highly governed by factors such as population density, speed and level of urbanization, citizens' daily habits, and treatment units in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Furthermore, conventional sludge treatment processes are ineffective in eliminating MPs from SS and are accountable for the increased small-sized MPs or micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) along with altered surface morphology facilitating more co-contaminant adsorption. Simultaneously, MPs can influence the operation of these treatment processes depending on their size, type, shape, and concentration. The review reveals that research to develop advanced technology to remove MPs efficiently from SS is still at a nascent stage. Summary This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MPs in the SS, by corroborating state-of-the-knowledge, on different aspects, including the global occurrence of MPs in WWTP sludge, impacts of different conventional sludge treatment processes on MPs and vice versa, and efficiency of advanced sludge treatment and upcycling technologies to eliminate MPs, which will facilitate the development of mitigation measures from the systematic and holistic level. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Deepti Surana
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale Delle Scienze, Ed.8, Palermo, 90128 Italy
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale Delle Scienze, Ed.8, Palermo, 90128 Italy
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22
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Braşoveanu M, Sabbaghi H, Nemţanu MR. Synthesis of Natural-Inspired Materials by Irradiation: Data Mining from the Perspective of Their Functional Properties in Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2686. [PMID: 37048979 PMCID: PMC10096124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study is focused on assessing the interrelation of variables involved in the synthesis of natural-inspired copolymers by electron beam grafting while taking the functionality of the resulting materials into account. In this respect, copolymers of starch-graft-polyacrylamide (St-g-PAM) were synthesized by irradiation, and their flocculation efficiency regarding the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and fatty matters (FM) was tested in coagulation-flocculation experiments at laboratory scale on wastewater from the oil industry. Data mining involved approaches related to the association (correlation and dimensionality reduction with principal component analysis (PCA)), clustering by agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), classifying by classification and regression tree (CART), and prediction (decision tree prediction, multiple linear regression (MLR), and principal component regression (PCR)) of treatments applied with the variation of the monomer concentration, irradiation dose, and dose rate. The relationship mining proved that the level of COD was significantly affected by the irradiation dose and monomer concentration, and FM was mainly affected by the dose rate (significance level = 0.05). TSS showed the highest negative correlation with the tested variables. Moreover, the consequences of MLR demonstrated an acceptable accuracy (mean absolute percentage error < 5%) for COD and FM; meanwhile, linear modeling together with the consequences of PCA in the structure of PCR could help to simplify and improve the prediction accuracy of equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Braşoveanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomiştilor St., P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - Hassan Sabbaghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
| | - Monica R. Nemţanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomiştilor St., P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
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23
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Mazzeo DEC, Dombrowski A, Oliveira FA, Levy CE, Oehlmann J, Marchi MRR. Endocrine disrupting activity in sewage sludge: Screening method, microbial succession and cost-effective strategy for detoxification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117207. [PMID: 36621316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) presents a high agronomic potential due to high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients, encouraging its recycling as a soil conditioner. However, the presence of toxic substances can preclude this use. To enable the safe disposal of this waste in agriculture, SS requires additional detoxification to decrease the environmental risks of this practice. Although some alternatives have been proposed in this sense, little attention is provided to eliminating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop effective and low-cost technology to eliminate EDCs from SS. For this, a detoxification process combining microorganisms and biostimulating agents (soil, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee grounds) was performed for 2, 4, and 6 months with aerobic and anaerobic SSs. The (anti-)estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic, retinoic-like, and dioxin-like activities of SSs samples were verified using yeast-based reporter-gene assays to prove the effectiveness of the treatments. A fractionation procedure of samples, dividing the target sample extract into several fractions according to their polarity, was conducted to decrease the matrix complexity and facilitate the identification of EDCs. A decrease in the abundance and microbial diversity of the SS samples was noted along the biostimulation with the predominance of filamentous fungal species over yeasts and gram-positive bacteria and non-fermenting rods over enterobacteria. Among the 9 EDCs quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS, triclosan and alkylphenols presented the highest concentrations in both SS. Before detoxification, the studied SSs induced significant agonistic activity, especially at the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) and the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The raw anaerobic sludge also activated the androgen (hAR), retinoic acid (RARα), and retinoid X (RXRα) receptors. However, no significant endocrine-disrupting activities were observed after the SS detoxification, showing that the technology applied here efficiently eliminates receptor-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dânia Elisa C Mazzeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, Araras, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Flávio Andrade Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emílio Levy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mary Rosa R Marchi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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24
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Zhou Q, Liu G, Hu Z, Zheng Y, Lin Z, Li P. Impact of different structures of biochar on decreasing methane emissions from sewage sludge composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:723-732. [PMID: 36196850 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from sewage sludge composting can be reduced by using biochar more effectively. This study investigates the impact of different structure of biochar on CH4 emissions during sewage sludge composting. Corncob biochar (CB, pore size = 35.3990 nm), rice husk biochar (RB, pore size = 3.4242 nm) and wood biochar (WB, pore size = 1.6691 nm) were applied to the composting. The results showed that biochar decreased CH4 emissions, mainly through the indirect effect of improving the pile environment. Compared with the control group (CK), the biochars with smaller pore structures, WB and RB, reduced CH4 emissions by 41.83% and 33.59%, respectively, compared to only 8.20% for CB, which has a larger pore structure. In addition, RB and WB increased the free air space (FAS) by more than 10% and CB improved the microbial diversity. Methanothermobacter was reported in WB and RB, with an abundance of 45.45% in WB. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that pore size was positively correlated with the CH4 emission rate. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for CH4 reduction from biochar co-composting of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanbo Hu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yukai Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeshuai Lin
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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25
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Zhang B, Zhou X, Ren X, Hu X, Ji B. Recent Research on Municipal Sludge as Soil Fertilizer in China: a Review. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:119. [PMID: 36776548 PMCID: PMC9906581 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the annual increase in wastewater treatment in most Chinese cities, a major environmental issue has arisen: safe treatment, disposal, and recycling of municipal sludge. Municipal sludge has a high content of carbon and essential nutrients for plant growth; hence, it has gained interest among researchers as a soil fertilizer. This study discusses the potential usage of municipal sludge as soil fertilizer (indicators include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and trace elements) along with its shortcomings and drawbacks (potentially toxic elements (PTEs), organic matter (OM), pathogens, etc.) as well as reviews the latest reports on the role of municipal sludge in land use. The use of municipal sludge as a soil fertilizer is a sustainable management practice and a single application of sludge does not harm the environment. However, repeated use of sludge may result in the accumulation of harmful chemicals and pathogens that can enter the food chain and endanger human health. Therefore, long-term field studies are needed to develop ways to eliminate these adverse effects and make municipal sludge available for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education On Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology, Shizuishan, 753000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xupicheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education On Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education On Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
| | - Borui Ji
- Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Liaoning Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Shenyang, 110014 People’s Republic of China
- National Quality Supervision & Testing Center of Petroleum Products, Shenyang, 110014 People’s Republic of China
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26
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Characteristics of Solidified Carbon Dioxide and Perspectives for Its Sustainable Application in Sewage Sludge Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032324. [PMID: 36768646 PMCID: PMC9916872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate management is necessary to mitigate the environmental impacts of wastewater sludge. One lesser-known technology concerns the use of solidified CO2 for dewatering, sanitization, and digestion improvement. Solidified CO2 is a normal byproduct of natural gas treatment processes and can also be produced by dedicated biogas upgrading technologies. The way solidified CO2 is sourced is fully in line with the principles of the circular economy and carbon dioxide mitigation. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the production and application of solid CO2 in the pretreatment and management of sewage sludge. Using solidified CO2 for sludge conditioning causes effective lysis of microbial cells, which destroys activated sludge flocs, promotes biomass fragmentation, facilitates efficient dispersion of molecular associations, modifies cell morphology, and denatures macromolecules. Solidified CO2 can be used as an attractive tool to sanitize and dewater sludge and as a pretreatment technology to improve methane digestion and fermentative hydrogen production. Furthermore, it can also be incorporated into a closed CO2 cycle of biogas production-biogas upgrading-solidified CO2 production-sludge disintegration-digestion-biogas production. This feature not only bolsters the technology's capacity to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of digestion processes, but can also help reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions, a crucial advantage in terms of environment protection. This new approach to solidified CO2 generation and application largely counteracts previous limitations, which are mainly related to the low cost-effectiveness of the production process.
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27
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Chojnacka K, Skrzypczak D, Szopa D, Izydorczyk G, Moustakas K, Witek-Krowiak A. Management of biological sewage sludge: Fertilizer nitrogen recovery as the solution to fertilizer crisis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116602. [PMID: 36375429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the current situation of a serious raw material crisis related to the disruption of supply chains, the bioeconomy is of particular significance. Rising prices and the problem with the availability of natural gas have made N fertilizers production very expensive. It is expected that due to natural gas shortages, conventional production of nitrogen fertilizers by chemical synthesis will be hindered in the coming season. An important alternative and an opportunity to solve the problems of fertilizer nitrogen availability are biological wastewater treatment plants, which can be treated as a renewable biological nitrogen mines. Sewage sludge (including activated sludge) contains up to 6-8% DM. N. Considering the quantity of sewage sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants, it can become an important raw material for the sustainable production of organic-mineral fertilizers from renewable resources available locally, with a low carbon footprint. Furthermore, the sewage sludge management method should take nitrogen retention into account and should not allow the emission of greenhouse gases containing nitrogen. This article analyzes the technological solutions of nitrogen recovery for fertilization purposes from biological wastewater treatment plants in the context of a new and difficult resource situation. Conventional and new nitrogen recovery methods were analyzed from the perspective of the current legal situation. An attempt was made to evaluate the possibility of implementing the assumptions of the circular economy through the recovery of renewable nitrogen resources from municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland.
| | - Daniel Szopa
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
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28
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Machnicka A, Grübel K. The effect of pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion for pathogens reduction in agricultural utilization of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13801-13810. [PMID: 36149557 PMCID: PMC9898345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research work was to explain the possibilities of application of waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatment processes prior to anaerobic digestion (mesophilic fermentation). Hydrodynamic disintegration and freezing/thawing disintegration methods were used. Based on the microbiological and parasitological analyses, a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria, coliphages, and parasite eggs was observed. The number of bacteria analyzed (Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens) and coliphages were reduced from 19.3to 42.3% after hydrodynamic cavitation. A similar effect was achieved for destruction by freezing/thawing with dry ice between 7.8 and 14.9%. The effectiveness of parasite eggs reduction (Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp.) for these disintegration methods ranged from 10.7 to 29.3%. The highest results were observed for the hybrid disintegration method (hydrodynamic cavitation + dry ice disintegration) caused by a synergistic effect. Salmonella sp. in 1 gd.w. decrease about 69.7%, E. coli by 70.0%, Clostridium perfringens by 38.4%, and coliphages by 48.2%. Disruption of WAS by a hybrid method led to a reduction in the number of helminth eggs Ascaris sp. (63.8%), Trichuris sp. (64.3%), and Toxocara sp. (66.4%). After anaerobic digestion under mesophilic conditions, an additional reduction of analyzed bacterial pathogens and helminth eggs were observed. The introduction of hybrid disintegrated WAS to the fermentation chamber resulted in higher efficiency in decrease (from 1 to 23%) in comparison to the control sample (70%WAS + 30%DS (inoculum-digested sludge)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Machnicka
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Departure of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Klaudiusz Grübel
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Departure of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
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29
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Chen X, Feng J, Mou H, Liang Z, Ding T, Chen S, Li F. Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with Leucadendron rubrum and Rhododendron pulchrum for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge. TOXICS 2022; 11:toxics11010043. [PMID: 36668769 PMCID: PMC9864706 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of phytoremediation by garden plants is an effective way to deal with the dilemma of municipal sewage sludge disposal. In this study, two ornamental plants were used as phytoremediation plants to rehabilitate heavy-metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge in field experiments, and the role of exogenous phytohormone IAA was also tested. Ornamental plants Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. rubrum) and Rhododendron pulchrum (R. pulchrum) adapted well to the artificial soil made of municipal sewage sludge, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were decreased by 7.29, 261, 20.2, and 11.9 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil planted with L. rubrum, and 7.60, 308, 50.1, and 17.7 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil planted with R. pulchrum, accounted for 11−37% of the total amounts and reached significant levels (p < 0.05), except Cd. The concentration of Pb in all parts of the two ornamental plants was increased, as well as most heavy metals in L. rubrum root. As a result, three months after transplant, the phyto-extraction amounts in L. rubrum were 397, 10.9, and 1330 μg for Ni, Cd, and Pb, respectively, increased by 233% to 279%. The phyto-extraction amount in R. pulchrum were 1510, 250, and 237 μg for Zn, Pb, and Cu, respectively, increased by 143% to 193%. These results indicated a potential to remediate heavy metals of the two ornamental plants, especially L. rubrum. The results of correlation analysis implied that the interaction of heavy metals in the plant itself played an important role in the uptake of heavy metals. This seemed to explain why applying IAA in the experiment had little effect on plant growth and phytoremediation of heavy metals. This study provided a green and feasible idea for the proper disposal of municipal sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianru Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Huaqian Mou
- Jinhua Water Treatment Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321016, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Shaoxing Institute of Energy Testing, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Tianzheng Ding
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Correspondence:
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30
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Ye Y, Hao Ngo H, Guo W, Woong Chang S, Duc Nguyen D, Fu Q, Wei W, Ni B, Cheng D, Liu Y. A critical review on utilization of sewage sludge as environmental functional materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127984. [PMID: 36126850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is increasingly used as an environment functional material to reduce or control pollution and improve plant growth because of the large amounts of carbon and essential plant nutrients in it. To achieve the best application results, it is essential to comprehensively review recent progress in SS utilization. This review aims to fill the gaps in knowledge by describing the properties of SS, and its usage as adsorbents, catalysts and fertilizers, and certain application mechanisms. Although SS generates several benefits for the environment and humans, many challenges still exist to limit the application, including the risks posed by potentially toxic substances (e.g., heavy metals) in SS. Therefore, future research directions are discussed and how to make SS applications more feasible in terms of technology and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bingjie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dongle Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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31
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Novel preparation of sludge-based spontaneous magnetic biochar combination with red mud for the removal of Cu2+ from wastewater. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Raksasat R, Abdelfattah EA, Liew CS, Rawindran H, Kiatkittipong K, Mohamad M, Mohd Zaid HF, Jumbri K, Lam MK, Lim JW. Enriched sewage sludge from anaerobic pre-treatment in spurring valorization potential of black soldier fly larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113447. [PMID: 35561830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of sewage sludge by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has gained attentions for sewage sludge management since the sludge can be reduced securely as well as larval biomass can be used for biorefineries application. Nevertheless, the BSFL growth was impeded while assimilating nutrition from sewage sludge due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that had entrapped the essential nutrients inside. Accordingly, the pre-treatment of sewage sludge via anaerobic digestion at different pH was employed in this work to rupture the EPS structure and release more nutrients for larval growth. The results showed that larvae fed with raw sewage sludge had attained the lowest final larval weight (2.05 ± 0.38 mg/larva) as opposed to batches fed with pre-treated sewage sludges. This was because the soluble carbohydrate (more than 6.81 ± 1.31 mg of glucose/g sewage sludge) in EPS was released after anaerobic pre-treatment, facilitating larval assimilation for growth. Furthermore, it was observed that further increasing of pH for sewage sludge pre-treatment had led to lower final larval weight gained due to the inhibitory effect stemming from ammonia production at higher pH. The anaerobic pre-treatment of sewage sludge being executed at pH 3 for 8 days had achieved the highest final larval weight at 7.34 ± 0.97 mg/larva. The still low quality of sewage sludges after the pre-treatment also offered benefit, where high sewage sludge reduction and waste reduction index were recorded due to the necessity of BSFL to consume more sewage sludge in compensating the nutrients destitution in sludge. Lastly, the possibility of predicting final larval weight was successfully materialized via a statistical model derived from the multiple linear regression method. The derived model incorporated the interactive parameters of anaerobic pre-treated pH and durations at various combinations could predict the final larval weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaprapa Raksasat
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | | | - Chin Seng Liew
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Hemamalini Rawindran
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kunlanan Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
| | - Mardawani Mohamad
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Khairulazhar Jumbri
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Institute of Contaminant Management, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
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33
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Soil Risk Assessment in the Surrounding Area of Hulene-B Waste Dump, Maputo (Mozambique). GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12080290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination in areas close to unplanned dumpsites represents an increasing risk to the ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality in the area surrounding the Hulene-B waste dump, Maputo, Mozambique, and to estimate potential ecological and human health risks. A total of 71 surface soil samples were collected in the surrounding area of the dump, along with 10 samples in areas considered not impacted by the dump. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed using XRF and XRD. Quartz was the most abundant mineral phase, followed by feldspars, carbonates, clay minerals, and Fe oxides/hydroxides. Results showed a significant contribution to ecological degradation by PTE enrichment, ranked as Zn >> Cu > Cr > Zr > Pb > Ni > Mn. Carcinogenic risk for both children and adults was significant due to Pb soil content. Soil sample concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Zr, posing a risk especially in children, suggested the need for continuous monitoring, as well as the definition and implementation of mitigation measures.
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Padhye LP, Bandala ER, Wijesiri B, Goonetilleke A, Bolan N. Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.867228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the environment, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone on this planet. However, progress on SDGs is currently lagging behind its 2030 target. The availability of water of adequate quality and quantity is considered as one of the most significant challenges in reaching that target. The concept of the ‘Circular Economy’ has been termed as a potential solution to fasten the rate of progress in achieving SDGs. One of the promising engineering solutions with applications in water treatment and promoting the concept of the circular economy is hydrochar. Compared to biochar, hydrochar research is still in its infancy in terms of optimization of production processes, custom design for specific applications, and knowledge of its water treatment potential. In this context, this paper critically reviews the role of hydrochar in contributing to achieving the SDGs and promoting a circular economy through water treatment and incorporating a waste-to-value approach. Additionally, key knowledge gaps in the production and utilization of engineered hydrochar are identified, and possible strategies are suggested to further enhance its water remediation potential and circular economy in the context of better natural resource management using hydrochar. Research on converting different waste biomass to valuable hydrochar based products need further development and optimization of parameters to fulfil its potential. Critical knowledge gaps also exist in the area of utilizing hydrochar for large-scale drinking water treatment to address SDG-6.
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Dai L, Han T, Ma G, Tian X, Meng K, Lei Z, Ren J. Effective removal of Cd(Ⅱ) by sludge biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron from aqueous solution: Characterization, adsorption properties and mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01735k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has a high chemical reactivity for heavy metals, but nZVI forms aggregate easily. In this study, a synthesis of sludge biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI@SBC) by...
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