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Nurbakhsh P, Rahmani Z, Zargari M, Mirzaei M, Karimpour Malekshah A, Talebpour Amiri F. Effects of in utero benzo[a]pyrene exposure on the testis of rats during puberty and the protective effect of atorvastatin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23775. [PMID: 39148231 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a contaminant that is generated in the environment through processes such as smoke, incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, vehicle exhaust emissions, entry into the body is through inhalation, and consumption of contaminated food. It is an omnipresent environmental pollutant with unavoidable exposure. BaP metabolites are observed in the male reproductive system, especially in the testes and epididymis of animals, and are responsible for reduced testicular and epididymal function. The protective effect of atorvastatin (ATV) on testicular damage was investigated previously. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of ATV on testicular toxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) during pregnancy in Wistar rats. This experimental laboratory study involved 40 adult rats, divided into seven groups and maintained under standard environmental conditions. The groups received different diets [control, corn oil, ATV (10 mg/kg), BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg), and ATV + BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg)] at gestation Days 7-16, orally. Male offspring were examined 10 weeks after birth. Testis and serum samples were collected, and testosterone level, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical assays were performed under a light microscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with analysis of variance and Tukey tests to assess significant differences between groups. ATV significantly reduced MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat testes following BaP administration. Treatment with ATV at doses of 10 mg/kg increased GSH levels, correcting disruptions in the antioxidant system caused by BaP. Testosterone concentration in rats treated with ATV and BaP substantially prevented the decrease induced by BaP. Histomorphometry revealed that ATV significantly prevented the detrimental effects of BaP on the thickness of spermatogenic epithelium and the diameter of seminiferous tubules. Under ATV treatment, testicular tissue histopathology improved, and spermatogenesis returned to a almost back to normal state. Caspase-3 expression decreased, and apoptosis activity in testicular tissue improved under ATV treatment, indicating a positive effect of ATV in reducing apoptotic damage caused by BaP. In conclusion, exposure to BaP can induce oxidative stress-related damage to testicular tissue, as evidenced by an increase in MDA levels, which ATV treatment can mitigate. Additionally, ATV enhances intracellular antioxidant GSH and protects the testes against BaP-induced damage while increasing testosterone levels, which are reduced due to exposure to BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmida Nurbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahmani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimpour Malekshah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Tsiodra I, Grivas G, Bougiatioti A, Tavernaraki K, Parinos C, Paraskevopoulou D, Papoutsidaki K, Tsagkaraki M, Kozonaki FA, Oikonomou K, Nenes A, Mihalopoulos N. Source apportionment of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and their associated long-term health risks in a major European city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175416. [PMID: 39142411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have drawn attention to the associations of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) with harmful health effects, advocating for their systematic monitoring alongside simple PAHs to better understand the aerosol carcinogenic potential in urban areas. To address this need, this study conducted an extensive PM2.5 sampling campaign in Athens, Greece, at the Thissio Supersite of the National Observatory of Athens, from December 2018 to July 2021, aiming to characterize the levels and variability of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), perform source apportionment, and assess health risk. Cumulative OPAH concentrations (Σ-OPAHs) were in the same range as Σ-PAHs (annual average 4.2 and 5.6 ng m-3, respectively). They exhibited a common seasonal profile with enhanced levels during the heating seasons, primarily attributed to residential wood burning (RWB). The episodic impact of biomass burning was also observed during a peri-urban wildfire event in May 2021, when PAH and OPAH concentrations increased by a factor of three compared to the monthly average. The study period also included the winter 2020-2021 COVID-19 lockdown, during which PAH and OPAH levels decreased by >50 % compared to past winters. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment, based on a carbonaceous aerosol speciation dataset, identified PAC sources related to RWB, local traffic (gasoline vehicles) and urban traffic (including diesel emissions), as well as an impact of regional organic aerosol. Despite its seasonal character, RWB accounted for nearly half of Σ-PAH and over two-thirds of Σ-OPAH concentrations. Using the estimated source profiles and contributions, the source-specific carcinogenic potency of the studied PACs was calculated, revealing that almost 50 % was related to RWB. These findings underscore the urgent need to regulate domestic biomass burning at a European level, which can provide concrete benefits for improving urban air quality, towards the new stricter EU standards, and reducing long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Tsiodra
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece; Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Georgios Grivas
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Bougiatioti
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Tavernaraki
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Constantine Parinos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 190 13 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Despina Paraskevopoulou
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Papoutsidaki
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Maria Tsagkaraki
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Faidra-Aikaterini Kozonaki
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Nenes
- Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece; Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
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Jeon Y, Kwon YS, Noh YJ, Lee SM, Song JW, Kim JH, Seo JS. Unraveling the mechanisms of benzo[a]pyrene degradation by Pigmentiphaga kullae strain KIT-003 using a multi-omics approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116665. [PMID: 38964062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), notably benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are environmental contaminants with multiple adverse ecological implications. Numerous studies have suggested the use of BaP biodegradation using various bacterial strains to remove BaP from the environment. This study investigates the BaP biodegradation capability of Pigmentiphaga kullae strain KIT-003, isolated from the Nak-dong River (South Korea) under specific environmental conditions. The optimum conditions of biodegradation were found to be pH 7.0, 35°C, and a salinity of 0 %. GC-MS analysis suggested alternative pathways by which KIT-003 produced catechol from BaP through several intermediate metabolites, including 4-formylchrysene-5-carboxylic acid, 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxychrysene-5-carboxylic acid (isomer: 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxychrysene-4-carboxylic acid), naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid. Proteomic profiles indicated upregulation of enzymes associated with aromatic compound degradation, such as nahAc and nahB, and of those integral to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reflecting the strain's adaptability to and degradation of BaP. Lipidomic analysis of KIT-003 demonstrated that BaP exposure induced an accumulation of glycerolipids such as diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol, indicating their crucial role in bacterial adaptation mechanisms under BaP stress. This study provides significant scientific knowledge regarding the intricate mechanisms involved in BaP degradation by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Jeon
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Kwon
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ji Noh
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Song
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
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Ferguson DT, Taka E, Tilghman SL, Womble T, Redmond BV, Gedeon S, Flores-Rozas H, Reed SL, Soliman KFA, Kanga KJW, Darling-Reed SF. The Anticancer Effects of the Garlic Organosulfide Diallyl Trisulfide through the Attenuation of B[a]P-Induced Oxidative Stress, AhR Expression, and DNA Damage in Human Premalignant Breast Epithelial (MCF-10AT1) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:923. [PMID: 38255999 PMCID: PMC10815401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the most characterized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon associated with breast cancer. Our lab previously reported that the organosulfur compound (OSC), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), chemoprevention mechanism works through the induction of cell cycle arrest and a reduction in oxidative stress and DNA damage in normal breast epithelial cells. We hypothesize that DATS will inhibit B[a]P-induced cancer initiation in premalignant breast epithelial (MCF-10AT1) cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of DATS to attenuate B[a]P-induced neoplastic transformation in MCF-10AT1 cells by measuring biological endpoints such as proliferation, clonogenicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) DNA damage levels, as well as DNA repair and antioxidant proteins. The results indicate that B[a]P induced proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels, as well as increasing AhR, ARNT/HIF-1β, and CYP1A1 protein expression compared with the control in MCF-10AT1 cells. B[a]P/DATS's co-treatment (CoTx) inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, AhR protein expression, and 8-OHdG levels compared with B[a]P alone and attenuated all the above-mentioned B[a]P-induced changes in protein expression, causing a chemopreventive effect. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that DATS prevents premalignant breast cells from undergoing B[a]P-induced neoplastic transformation, thus providing more evidence for its chemopreventive effects in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique T. Ferguson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Equar Taka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Syreeta L. Tilghman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Tracy Womble
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Bryan V. Redmond
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Shasline Gedeon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Hernan Flores-Rozas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Sarah L. Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Konan J. W. Kanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Selina F. Darling-Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
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5
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Zou H, Zhang M, Chen J, Aniagu S, Jiang Y, Chen T. AHR-mediated DNA damage contributes to BaP-induced cardiac malformations in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167636. [PMID: 37806592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon widely present in the environment. We previously reported that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates BaP-induced apoptosis and cardiac malformations in zebrafish embryos, but the underlying molecular mechanisms were unclear. Since BaP is a mutagenetic compound, we hypothesize that BaP induces apoptosis and heart defects via AHR-mediated DNA damage. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to BaP at a concentration of 0.1 μM from 2 to 72 h post fertilization, either with or without inhibitors/agonists. AHR activity and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined under a fluorescence microscope. mRNA expression levels were quantified by qPCR. DNA damage and apoptosis were detected by immunofluorescence. Our findings revealed that BaP exposure significantly increased BPDE-DNA adducts, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis and heart defects in zebrafish embryos. These effects were counteracted by inhibiting AHR/cyp1a1 using pharmaceutical inhibitors or genetic knockdown. Furthermore, we observed that spironolactone, an antagonist of nucleotide excision repair (NER), significantly enhanced BaP-induced BPDE-DNA adducts, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis and heart malformation rates. Conversely, SRT1720, a SIRT1 agonist, reduced the adverse effects of BaP. Supplementation with spironolactone also enhanced γ-H2AX signals in the heart of zebrafish embryos exposed to BaP. Additional experiments demonstrated that BaP suppressed the expression of SIRT1. We further established that AHR, when activated by BaP, directly inhibited SIRT1 transcription, leading to downregulation of XPC and XPA, which are essential NER genes involved in the recognition and verification steps of the NER process. Taken together, our results indicate that AHR mediates BaP-induced DNA damage in the heart of zebrafish embryos by inducing BPDE-DNA adduct formation via the AHR/Cyp1a1 signalling pathway, as well as suppressing NER via AHR-mediated inhibition of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zou
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Stanley Aniagu
- Toxicology, Risk Assessment, and Research Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, 12015 Park 35 Cir, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China.
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Batista JM, Neves MJ, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Evaluation of amino acid profile by targeted metabolomics in the eukaryotic model under exposure of benzo[a]pyrene as the exclusive stressor. Talanta 2023; 265:124859. [PMID: 37393711 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are a class of important metabolites in metabolomics methodology that investigates metabolite changes in a cell, tissue, or organism for early diagnosis of diseases. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is considered a priority contaminant by different environmental control agencies because it is a proven carcinogenic compound for humans. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the BaP interference in the metabolism of amino acids. In this work, a new amino acid extraction procedure (derivatized with propyl chloroformate/propanol) using functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes was developed and optimized. A hybrid nanotube was used followed by desorption without heating, and excellent extraction of analytes was obtained. After exposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the BaP concentration of 25.0 μmol L-1 caused changes in cell viability, indicating metabolic changes. A fast and efficient GC/MS method using a Phenomenex ZB-AAA column was optimized, enabling the determination of 16 AAs in yeasts exposed or not to BaP. A comparison of AA concentrations obtained in the two experimental groups showed that glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), phenylalanine (Phe), proline (Pro), asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), tyrosine (Tyr), and leucine (Leu) statistically differentiated, after subsequent application of ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test, with a confidence level of 95%. This amino acid pathway analysis confirmed previous studies that revealed the potential of these AAs as toxicity biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimar M Batista
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria J Neves
- Nuclear Technology Development Center/National Nuclear Energy Commission (CDTN/CNEN), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Yang Z, Li J, Song H, Mei Z, Jia X, Tian X, Yan C, Han Y. Unraveling the molecular links between benzopyrene exposure, NASH, and HCC: an integrated bioinformatics and experimental study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20520. [PMID: 37993485 PMCID: PMC10665343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzopyrene (B[a]P) is a well-known carcinogen that can induce chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, leading to liver disease upon chronic exposure. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver condition characterized by fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, often resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the intricate connections between B[a]P exposure, NASH, and HCC. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of publicly available gene expression profiles, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with B[a]P exposure, NASH, and liver cancer. Furthermore, network analysis revealed hub genes and protein-protein interactions, highlighting cellular metabolic dysfunction and disruption of DNA damage repair in the B[a]P-NASH-HCC process. Notably, HSPA1A and PPARGC1A emerged as significant genes in this pathway. To validate their involvement, we conducted qPCR analysis on cell lines and NASH mouse liver tissues and performed immunohistochemistry labeling in mouse and human HCC liver sections. These findings provide crucial insights into the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying benzopyrene-induced hepatotoxicity, shedding light on the pathogenesis of B[a]P-associated NASH and HCC. Moreover, our study suggests that HSPA1A and PPARGC1A could serve as promising therapeutic targets. Enhancing our understanding of their regulatory roles may facilitate the development of targeted therapies, leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haixu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Chenghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yaling Han
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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8
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Connell ML, Wu CC, Blount JR, Haimbaugh A, Kintzele EK, Banerjee D, Baker BB, Baker TR. Adult-Onset Transcriptomic Effects of Developmental Exposure to Benzene in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio): Evaluating a Volatile Organic Compound of Concern. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16212. [PMID: 38003401 PMCID: PMC10671089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban environments are afflicted by mixtures of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOC sources that drive human exposure include vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and oil spillage. The highly volatile VOC benzene has been linked to adverse health outcomes. However, few studies have focused on the later-in-life effects of low-level benzene exposure during the susceptible window of early development. Transcriptomic responses during embryogenesis have potential long-term consequences at levels equal to or lower than 1 ppm, therefore justifying the analysis of adult zebrafish that were exposed during early development. Previously, we identified transcriptomic alteration following controlled VOC exposures to 0.1 or 1 ppm benzene during the first five days of embryogenesis using a zebrafish model. In this study, we evaluated the adult-onset transcriptomic responses to this low-level benzene embryogenesis exposure (n = 20/treatment). We identified key genes, including col1a2 and evi5b, that were differentially expressed in adult zebrafish in both concentrations. Some DEGs overlapped at the larval and adult stages, specifically nfkbiaa, mecr, and reep1. The observed transcriptomic results suggest dose- and sex-dependent changes, with the highest impact of benzene exposure to be on cancer outcomes, endocrine system disorders, reproductive success, neurodevelopment, neurological disease, and associated pathways. Due to molecular pathways being highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, developmentally exposed adult zebrafish transcriptomics is an important endpoint for providing insight into the long term-effects of VOCs on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L. Connell
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.C.); (E.K.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Chia-Chen Wu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300093, Taiwan;
| | - Jessica R. Blount
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.R.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Alex Haimbaugh
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.R.B.); (A.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Emily K. Kintzele
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.C.); (E.K.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dayita Banerjee
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.C.); (E.K.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Bridget B. Baker
- IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Tracie R. Baker
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.C.); (E.K.K.); (D.B.)
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.R.B.); (A.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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9
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Lei Y, Zhu Y, Mallah MA, Lu P, Yang L, He X, Shang P, Chen Y, Zhou X, Feng F, Zhang Q. The activation of SIRT1 ameliorates BPDE-induced inflammatory damage in BEAS-2B cells via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2429-2439. [PMID: 37436145 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), the metabolite of environmental pollutant benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) could induce pulmonary toxicity and inflammation. SIRT1, an NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylase, is known to regulate inflammation in the occurrence and development of various diseases, but its effects on BPDE-induced acute lung injury are still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the role of SIRT1 in BPDE-induced acute lung injury. Here, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells (BEAS-2B) cells were stimulated with BPDE at different concentrations (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 μmol/L) for 24 h, we found that the levels of cytokines in the supernatant were increased and the expression of SIRT1 in cells was down-regulated, at the same time, BPDE stimulation up-regulated the protein expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and p-NF-κBp65 in BEAS-2B cells. Then the activator and inhibitor of SIRT1 were used before BPDE exposure, it was shown that the activation of SIRT1 significantly attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1, and reduced the expression of HMGB1, AC-HMGB1, TLR4, and p-NF-κBp65 protein; while these results were reversed by the inhibition of SIRT1. This study revealed that the SIRT1 activation may protect against BPDE-induced inflammatory damage in BEAS-2B cells by regulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Lei
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yusong Chen
- Quality Supervision & Test Center, China National Tobacco Corporation Shandong Branch, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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How CM, Cheng KC, Li YS, Pan MH, Wei CC. Tangeretin Supplementation Mitigates the Aging Toxicity Induced by Dietary Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure with Aberrant Proteostasis and Heat Shock Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13474-13482. [PMID: 37639537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a common food contaminant that can impair organismal aging. Tangeretin (TAN) may mitigate aging toxicities as a dietary supplement. This study used Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to BaP on aging and to determine whether TAN supplementation could alleviate BaP-induced toxicity. Early life exposure to BaP (10 μM) significantly inhibited growth by 5%, and exposure to 0.1 to 10 μM BaP impaired C. elegans motility, resulting in a 3.4-6.5% reduction in motility. Chronic exposure to BaP (10 μM) age-dependently aggravated aberrant protein aggregation (7% increase) and shortened the median lifespan of the worms from 20 to 16 days. In addition, BaP worsened the age-dependent decline in motility and pharyngeal pumping, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exposure to BaP resulted in significantly higher relative transcript levels of approximately 1.8-2.0-fold for the hsp-16.1, hsp-16.2, hsp-16.49, and hsp-70 genes. Stressed worms exposed to BaP exhibited significantly lower survival under heat stress. Dietary TAN supplementation alleviated the BaP-induced decline in motility, pumping, and poly-Q accumulation and restored heat shock proteins' transcript levels. Our findings suggest that chronic BaP exposure adversely affects aging and that TAN exposure mitigates the BaP-induced aging toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ming How
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Shan Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
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11
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Jin J, Shi Y, Zhang B, Wan D, Zhang Q, Li Y. Biotransformation of benzo[ a]pyrene by Pannonibacter sp. JPA3 and the degradation mechanism through the initially oxidized benzo[ a]pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol to downstream metabolites. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18878-18887. [PMID: 37350855 PMCID: PMC10282733 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its adverse effects on the environment and human health, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has attracted considerable attention and has been used as a model compound in ecotoxicology. In this study, Pannonibacter sp. JPA3 as a BaP-degrading strain was isolated from the production water of an oil well. The strain could remove 80% of BaP at an initial concentration of 100 mg L-1 after 35 d culture. The BaP-4,5-dihydrodiol, BaP-4,5-epoxide, 5-hydroxychrysene, and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid metabolites were identified in the biodegradation process. Simultaneously, the gene sequence coding for dioxygenase in the strain was amplified and a dioxygenase model was built by homology modeling. Combined with the identification of the metabolites, the interaction mechanism of BaP with dioxygenase was investigated using molecular docking. It was assumed that BaP was initially oxidized at the C4-C5 positions in the active cavity of dioxygenase. Moreover, a hypothesis for the progressive degradation mechanism of BaP by this strain was proposed via the identification of the downstream metabolites. In conclusion, our study provided an efficient BaP degrader and a comprehensive reference for the study of the degradation mechanism in terms of the degrading metabolites and theoretical research at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Jin
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology No. 100 Lianhua Street, High-Tech Industrial Development District Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86-371-67756982 +86-371-67756982
| | - Yahui Shi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology No. 100 Lianhua Street, High-Tech Industrial Development District Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86-371-67756982 +86-371-67756982
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology No. 100 Lianhua Street, High-Tech Industrial Development District Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86-371-67756982 +86-371-67756982
| | - Dongjin Wan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology No. 100 Lianhua Street, High-Tech Industrial Development District Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86-371-67756982 +86-371-67756982
| | - Qingye Zhang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology No. 100 Lianhua Street, High-Tech Industrial Development District Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86-371-67756982 +86-371-67756982
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12
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Liu Y, Ouyang L, Mao C, Chen Y, Liu N, Chen L, Shi Y, Xiao D, Liu S, Tao Y. Inhibition of RNF182 mediated by Bap promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1009508. [PMID: 36686776 PMCID: PMC9853554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ubiquitylation that mediated by ubiquitin ligases plays multiple roles not only in proteasome-mediated protein degradation but also in various cellular process including DNA repair, signal transduction and endocytosis. RING finger (RNF) proteins form the majority of these ubiquitin ligases. Recent studies have demonstrated the important roles of RNF finger proteins in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most common environmental carcinogens causing lung cancer. The molecular mechanism of Bap carcinogenesis remains elusive. Considering the critical roles of RNF proteins in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, we speculate on whether Bap regulates RNF proteins resulting in carcinogenesis. Methods We used GEO analysis to identify the potential RING finger protein family member that contributes to Bap-induced NSCLC. We next used RT-qPCR, Western blot and ChIP assay to investigate the potential mechanism of Bap inhibits RNF182. BGS analyses were used to analyze the methylation level of RNF182. Results Here we reported that the carcinogen Bap suppresses the expression of ring finger protein 182 (RNF182) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, which is mediated by abnormal hypermethylation in an AhR independent way and transcriptional regulation in an AhR dependent way. Furthermore, RNF182 exhibits low expression and hypermethylation in tumor tissues. RNF182 also significantly suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cell lines. Conclusion These results demonstrated that Bap inhibits RNF182 expression to promote lung cancer tumorigenesis through activating AhR and promoting abnormal methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine & Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianlian Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research, Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Shuang Liu, ; Yongguang Tao,
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Shuang Liu, ; Yongguang Tao,
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13
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Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Abinandan S, Mukunthan K, Megharaj M. Cyto-genotoxicity evaluation of pyroligneous acid using Allium cepa assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:852-857. [PMID: 36093751 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a highly oxygenated organic condensate obtained by cooling the gases generated from the pyrolysis process. PA has been used in agriculture for several years with multiple beneficial effects, including plant health and yields, pest resilience, and seed germination. It is generally applied to agricultural soils in the dilution of 1:1000 to 1:100, corresponding to 0.1-1% PA concentration. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic potential of PA to Allium cepa meristematic root-tips (where all cells undergo repeated division and form primary root tissues) was examined. Exposure to PA concentrations of 0.1% and above showed a reduction in the mitotic index percentage, and at 5%, a complete arrest in the cell division was recorded. However, chromosomal aberrations at 0.5, 1, and 3% PA were reversible types such as bridges, vagrants, laggards, and multipolar anaphase, with a maximum of only 5.8% chromosomal aberration observed at 3% PA. Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) for genotoxicity assessment determined using PA exposed A. cepa root tips showed that it was not genotoxic. The absence of cyto-genotoxicity in A. cepa, even at concentrations far above what would be typically encountered in agricultural applications, strongly suggests that PA is unlikely to cause adverse effects on crops and ultimately on the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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14
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Zhao L, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Yang J, Pu Q, Yang H, Wu Y, Lyu C, Li Y. Potential Toxicity Risk Assessment and Priority Control Strategy for PAHs Metabolism and Transformation Behaviors in the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10972. [PMID: 36078713 PMCID: PMC9517862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 16 PAHs were selected as the priority control pollutants to summarize their environmental metabolism and transformation processes, including photolysis, plant degradation, bacterial degradation, fungal degradation, microalgae degradation, and human metabolic transformation. Meanwhile, a total of 473 PAHs by-products generated during their transformation and degradation in different environmental media were considered. Then, a comprehensive system was established for evaluating the PAHs by-products' neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, phytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and endocrine-disrupting effect through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, 3D-QSAR model, TOPKAT method, and VEGA platform. Finally, the potential environmental risk (phytotoxicity) and human health risks (neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity, and endocrine-disrupting toxicity) during PAHs metabolism and transformation were comprehensively evaluated. Among the 473 PAH's metabolized and transformed products, all PAHs by-products excluding ACY, CHR, and DahA had higher neurotoxicity, 152 PAHs by-products had higher immunotoxicity, and 222 PAHs by-products had higher phytotoxicity than their precursors during biological metabolism and environmental transformation. Based on the TOPKAT model, 152 PAH by-products possessed potential developmental toxicity, and 138 PAH by-products had higher genotoxicity than their precursors. VEGA predicted that 247 kinds of PAH derivatives had carcinogenic activity, and only the natural transformation products of ACY did not have carcinogenicity. In addition to ACY, 15 PAHs produced 123 endocrine-disrupting substances during metabolism and transformation. Finally, the potential environmental and human health risks of PAHs metabolism and transformation products were evaluated using metabolic and transformation pathway probability and degree of toxic risk as indicators. Accordingly, the priority control strategy for PAHs was constructed based on the risk entropy method by screening the priority control pathways. This paper assesses the potential human health and environmental risks of PAHs in different environmental media with the help of models and toxicological modules for the toxicity prediction of PAHs by-products, and thus designs a risk priority control evaluation system for PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qikun Pu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cong Lyu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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15
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Bukowska B, Mokra K, Michałowicz J. Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116348. [PMID: 35683027 PMCID: PMC9181839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. It is present in cigarette smoke as well as in food products, especially when smoked and grilled. Human exposure to B[a]P is therefore common. Research shows growing evidence concerning toxic effects induced by this substance. This xenobiotic is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) to carcinogenic metabolite: 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), which creates DNA adducts, causing mutations and malignant transformations. Moreover, B[a]P is epigenotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic, and exhibits pro-oxidative potential and causes impairment of animals’ fertility. CYP P450 is strongly involved in B[a]P metabolism, and it is simultaneously expressed as a result of the association of B[a]P with aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), playing an essential role in the cancerogenic potential of various xenobiotics. In turn, polymorphism of CYP P450 genes determines the sensitivity of the organism to B[a]P. It was also observed that B[a]P facilitates the multiplication of viruses, which may be an additional problem with the widespread COVID-19 pandemic. Based on publications mainly from 2017 to 2022, this paper presents the occurrence of B[a]P in various environmental compartments and human surroundings, shows the exposure of humans to this substance, and describes the mechanisms of its toxicity.
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