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Cholewinski A, Wortman J, Hayashida M, Anderson WA, Zhao B. 3D imaging photocatalytically degraded micro- and nanoplastics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:395706. [PMID: 38955173 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5dc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics have been an emerging global concern, with hazardous effects on plant, animal, and human health. Their small size makes it easier for them to spread to various ecosystems and enter the food chain; they are already widely found in aqueous environments and within aquatic life, and have even been found within humans. Much research has gone into understanding micro-/nanoplastic sources and environmental fate, but less work has been done to understand their degradation. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising green technique that uses visible or ultraviolet light in combination with photocatalyst to degrade plastic particles. While complete degradation, reducing plastics to small molecules, is often the goal, partial degradation is more common. We examined microscale polyethylene (PE) (125-150µm in diameter) and nanoscale polystyrene (PS) (∼300 nm in diameter) spheres both before and after degradation using multiple imaging techniques, especially electron tomography in addition to conventional electron microscopy. Electron tomography is able to image the 3D exterior and interior of the nanoplastics, enabling us to observe within aggregates and inside degraded spheres, where we found potentially open interior structures after degradation. These structures may result from differences in degradation and aggregation behavior between the different plastic types, with our work finding that PE MPs typically cracked into sharp fragments, while PS nanoplastics often fragmented into smoother, more curved shapes. These and other differences, along with interior and 3D surface images, provide new details on how the structure and aggregation of PE MPs and PS nanoplastics changes when degraded, which could influence how the resulting worn particles are collected or treated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Cholewinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology and Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joseph Wortman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology and Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - William A Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology and Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Na H, Yuan Y, Du T, Zhang T, Zhao X, Sun J, Qiu Z, Zhang L. Multi-process production occurs in the iron and steel industry, supporting 'dual carbon' target: An in-depth study of CO 2 emissions from different processes. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 140:46-58. [PMID: 38331514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Reducing CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry, a typical heavy CO2-emitting sector, is the only way that must be passed to achieve the 'dual-carbon' goal, especially in China. In previous studies, however, it is still unknown what is the difference between blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF), scrap-electric furnace (scrap-EF) and hydrogen metallurgy process. The quantitative research on the key factors affecting CO2 emissions is insufficient. There is also a lack of research on the prediction of CO2 emissions by adjusting industrial structure. Based on material flow analysis, this study establishes carbon flow diagrams of three processes, and then analyze the key factors affecting CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry in the future is predicted by adjusting industrial structure. The results show that: (1) The CO2 emissions of BF-BOF, scrap-EF and hydrogen metallurgy process in a site are 1417.26, 542.93 and 1166.52 kg, respectively. (2) By increasing pellet ratio in blast furnace, scrap ratio in electric furnace, etc., can effectively reduce CO2 emissions. (3) Reducing the crude steel output is the most effective CO2 reduction measure. There is still 5.15 × 108-6.17 × 108 tons of CO2 that needs to be reduced by additional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Na
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yuxing Yuan
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tao Du
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jingchao Sun
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ziyang Qiu
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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3
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Jing L, Wang Y, Li J, Lin X, Liu L, Chen Y, Liu H, Ying Z. Innovative plasticization technique for talc-powder reinforced wheat-starch biomass composite plastics with enhanced mechanical strength. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131894. [PMID: 38677674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) was initially created as a plasticizer for starch to produce thermoplastic wheat starch. Subsequently, talc powder was used as a reinforcing filler to enhance the mechanical strength of thermoplastic biomass-based composite plastics. The chemical structure, crystal structure, and microscopic morphology were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the thermal properties were explored through thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The hydrated NMMO plasticizer demonstrated an outstanding plasticizing effect on starch, resulting in a composite with remarkable mechanical properties. In fact, the pure thermoplastic wheat starch plasticized with hydrated NMMO exhibited the highest mechanical strength recorded so far, with a tensile strength of up to 9.4 MPa. In addition, talcum powder displayed a noticeable reinforcing effect. When the talcum powder content reached 30 wt%, the targeted composite achieved a tensile strength of 20.5 MPa and a Young's modulus of 177.9 MPa. These values were 118 % and 48 % higher, respectively, than those of the pure thermoplastic starch sample. This innovative plasticizing method opens up a new avenue for the development of high-mechanical-strength thermoplastic biomass-based composite plastics with promising potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Jing
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Zongrong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Nohara NML, Ariza-Tarazona MC, Triboni ER, Nohara EL, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Cedillo-González EI. Are you drowned in microplastic pollution? A brief insight on the current knowledge for early career researchers developing novel remediation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170382. [PMID: 38307272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) composed of different polymers with various shapes, within a vast granulometric distribution (1 μm - 5 mm) and with a wide variety of physicochemical surface and bulk characteristics spiral around the globe, with different atmospheric, oceanic, cryospheric, and terrestrial residence times, while interacting with other pollutants and biota. The challenges of microplastic pollution are related to the complex relationships between the microplastic generation mechanisms (physical, chemical, and biological), their physicochemical properties, their interactions with other pollutants and microorganisms, the changes in their properties with aging, and their small sizes that facilitate their diffusion and transportation between the air, water, land, and biota, thereby promoting their ubiquity. Early career researchers (ERCs) constitute an essential part of the scientific community committed to overcoming the challenges of microplastic pollution with their new ideas and innovative scientific perspectives for the development of remediation technologies. However, because of the enormous amount of scientific information available, it may be difficult for ERCs to determine the complexity of this environmental issue. This mini-review aims to provide a quick and updated overview of the essential insights of microplastic pollution to ERCs to help them acquire the background needed to develop highly innovative physical, chemical, and biological remediation technologies, as well as valorization proposals and environmental education and awareness campaigns. Moreover, the recommendations for the development of holistic microplastic pollution remediation strategies presented here can help ERCs propose technologies considering the environmental, social, and practical dimensions of microplastic pollution while fulfilling the current government policies to manage this plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Milhardo Lourenço Nohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Eduardo Rezende Triboni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luís Nohara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Taubaté, R. Daniel Daneli, no number, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
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Dai Y, Li L, Guo Z, Yang X, Dong D. Emerging isolation and degradation technology of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117864. [PMID: 38072105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, less than 5 mm in size) are widely distributed in surroundings in various forms and ways, and threaten ecosystems security and human health. Its environmental behavior as pollutants carrier and the after-effects exposed to MPs has been extensively exploited; whereas, current knowledge on technologies for the separation and degradation of MPs is relatively limited. It is essential to isolate MPs from surroundings and/or degrade to safe levels. This in-depth review details the origin and distribution of MPs. Provides a comprehensive summary of currently available MPs separation and degradation technologies, and discusses the mechanisms, challenges, and application prospects of these technologies. Comparison of the contribution of various separation methods to the separation of NPs and MPs. Furthermore, the latest research trends and direction in bio-degradation technology are outlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodan Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Dazhuang Dong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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6
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Kaing V, Guo Z, Sok T, Kodikara D, Breider F, Yoshimura C. Photodegradation of biodegradable plastics in aquatic environments: Current understanding and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168539. [PMID: 37981156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct and indirect photolysis are important abiotic processes in aquatic environments through which plastics can be transformed physically and chemically. Transport of biodegradable plastics in water is influenced by vertical mixing and turbulent flow, which make biodegradable plastics remain susceptible to sunlight and photolysis despite their high density. In general, biodegradable plastics are composed of ester containing polymers (e.g., poly(butylene succinate), polyhydroxyalkanoate, and polylactic acid), whereas non-biodegradable plastics are composed of long chains of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons in their backbones (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene). Based on the reviewed knowledge and discussion, we may hypothesize that 1) direct photolysis is more pronounced for non-biodegradation than for biodegradable plastics, 2) smaller plastics such as micro/nano-plastics are more prone to photodegradation and photo-transformation by direct and indirect photolysis, 3) the production rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the surface of biodegradable plastics is higher than that of non-biodegradable plastics, 4) the photodegradation of biodegradable plastics may be promoted by ROS produced from biodegradable plastics themselves, and 5) the subsequent reactions of ROS are more active on biodegradable plastics than non-biodegradable plastics. Moreover, micro/nanoplastics derived from biodegradable plastics serve as more effective carriers of organic pollutants than those from non-biodegradable plastics and thus biodegradable plastics may not necessarily be more ecofriendly than non-biodegradable plastics. However, biodegradable plastics have been largely unexplored from the viewpoint of direct or indirect photolysis. Roles of reactive oxygen species originating from biodegradable plastics should be further explored for comprehensively understanding the photodegradation of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinhteang Kaing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan; Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ty Sok
- Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dilini Kodikara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Florian Breider
- EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Amato P, Fantauzzi M, Sannino F, Ritacco I, Santoriello G, Farnesi Camellone M, Imparato C, Bifulco A, Vitiello G, Caporaso L, Rossi A, Aronne A. Indirect daylight oxidative degradation of polyethylene microplastics by a bio-waste modified TiO 2-based material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132907. [PMID: 37939563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are recognized as an emerging critical issue for the environment. Here an innovative chemical approach for the treatment of microplastics is proposed, based on an oxidative process that does not require any direct energy source (irradiation or heat). Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was selected as target commodity polymer, due to its widespread use, chemical inertness and inefficient recycling. This route is based on a hybrid material coupling titanium oxide with a bio-waste, rosin, mainly constituted by abietic acid, through a simple sol-gel synthesis procedure. The ligand-to-metal charge transfer complexes formed between rosin and Ti4+ allow the generation of reactive oxygen species without UV irradiation for its activation. In agreement with theorical calculations, superoxide radical ions are stabilized at ambient conditions on the surface of the hybrid TiO2. Consequently, an impressive degradation of LLDPE is observed after 1 month exposure in a batch configuration under indirect daylight, as evidenced by the products revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and by chemical and structural modifications of the polymer surface. In a context of waste exploitation, this innovative and sustainable approach represents a promising cost-effective strategy for the oxidative degradation of microplastics, without producing any toxic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Amato
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Marzia Fantauzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Campus of Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, I-80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santoriello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Matteo Farnesi Camellone
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Imparato
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Aurelio Bifulco
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy; CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Campus of Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Aronne
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy.
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Guo S, Feng D, Li Y, Liu L, Tang J. Innovations in chemical degradation technologies for the removal of micro/nano-plastics in water: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115979. [PMID: 38244511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) in water have raised global concern due to their potential environmental risks. To reestablish a M/NPs free world, enormous attempts have been made toward employing chemical technologies for their removal in water. This review comprehensively summarizes the advances in chemical degradation approaches for M/NPs elimination. It details and discusses promising techniques, including photo-based technologies, Fenton-based reaction, electrochemical oxidation, and novel micro/nanomotors approaches. Subsequently, critical influence factors, such as properties of M/NPs and operating factors, are analyzed in this review specifically. Finally, it concludes by addressing the current challenges and future perspectives in chemical degradation. This review will provide guidance for scientists to further explore novel strategies and develop feasible chemical methods for the improved control and remediation of M/NPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Di Feng
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center/Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Linan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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9
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Le VG, Nguyen MK, Nguyen HL, Lin C, Hadi M, Hung NTQ, Hoang HG, Nguyen KN, Tran HT, Hou D, Zhang T, Bolan NS. A comprehensive review of micro- and nano-plastics in the atmosphere: Occurrence, fate, toxicity, and strategies for risk reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166649. [PMID: 37660815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) have received considerable attention over the past 10 years due to their environmental prevalence and potential toxic effects. With the increase in global plastic production and disposal, MNP pollution has become a topic of emerging concern. In this review, we describe MNPs in the atmospheric environment, and potential toxicological effects of exposure to MNPs. Studies have reported the occurrence of MNPs in outdoor and indoor air at concentrations ranging from 0.0065 items m-3 to 1583 items m-3. Findings have identified plastic fragments, fibers, and films in sizes predominantly <1000 μm with polyamide (PA), polyester (PES), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), rayon, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) as the major compounds. Exposure through indoor air and dust is an important pathway for humans. Airborne MNPs pose health risks to plants, animals, and humans. Atmospheric MNPs can enter organism bodies via inhalation and subsequent deposition in the lungs, which triggers inflammation and other adverse health effects. MNPs could be eliminated through source reduction, policy/regulation, environmental awareness and education, biodegradable materials, bioremediation, and efficient air-filtration systems. To achieve a sustainable society, it is crucial to implement effective strategies for reducing the usage of single-use plastics (SUPs). Further, governments play a pivotal role in addressing the pressing issue of MNPs pollution and must establish viable solutions to tackle this significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Giang Le
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University (CRES-VNU), Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Hoang-Lam Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mohammed Hadi
- Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Nguyen Tri Quang Hung
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Khoi Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 270000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Hong J, Park HN, Lee S, Song MK, Kim Y. Material flow analysis-based assessment of polypropylene-fiber-containing microplastics released from disposable masks: Characterizing distribution in the environmental media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164803. [PMID: 37302592 PMCID: PMC10251720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the upsurge in the use of disposable masks during the coronavirus disease pandemic, improper disposal of discarded masks and their negative impact on the environment have emerged as major issues. Improperly disposed of masks release various pollutants, particularly microplastic (MP) fibers, which can harm both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by interfering with the nutrient cycling, plant growth, and the health and reproductive success of organisms. This study assesses the environmental distribution of polypropylene (PP)-containing MPs, generated from disposable masks, using material flow analysis (MFA). The system flowchart is designed based on the processing efficiency of various compartments in the MFA model. The highest amount of MPs (99.7 %) is found in the landfill and soil compartments. A scenario analysis reveals that waste incineration significantly reduces the amount of MP transferred to landfills. Therefore, considering cogeneration and gradually increasing the incineration treatment rate are crucial to manage the processing load of waste incineration plants and minimize the negative impact of MPs on the environment. The findings provide insights into the potential environmental exposure associated with the improper disposal of waste masks and indicate strategies for sustainable mask disposal and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsirip-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsirip-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health, Korea Environment Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Seowoo Lee
- Korea Natural Resource & Economic Research Institute, 26 Seongsuil-ro 10-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Korea Natural Resource & Economic Research Institute, 26 Seongsuil-ro 10-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsirip-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Pană AM, Ordodi V, Gherman V, Sfîrloagă P, Dumitrel GA. Study on the Biodegradation Process of D-Mannose Glycopolymers in Liquid Media and Soil. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3194. [PMID: 37571088 PMCID: PMC10421425 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers derived from natural raw materials have become of great interest due to their increased biodegradable features and possible biocompatibility. Our group has successfully synthesized and characterized polymers derived from D-mannose oligomer (M), 2-hydroxy propyl acrylate (HPA), and methacrylate (HPMA) in different weight ratios. Their biodegradation was studied in liquid media with pure Proteus mirabilis inoculum for the samples with the most sugar residue, and the results show that the methacrylate derivative M_HPMA1 lost about 50% of its weight during incubation. SEM/EDX techniques were employed to display the modifications of the samples during the biodegradation process. The glycopolymers were buried in garden soil, and the experiment proved that more than 40% of the weight of the M_HPA1 sample was lost during biodegradation, while the other samples encountered an average of about 32% weight loss. The biodegradation profile was fitted against linear and polynomial mathematical models, which enabled an estimate of about a year for the total degradation of the D-mannose glycopolymers sample in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Pană
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timişoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timişoara, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (V.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Valentin Ordodi
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timişoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timişoara, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (V.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Vasile Gherman
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timişoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timişoara, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (V.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Paula Sfîrloagă
- The Institute of Research for Condensed Matter, 1 P. Andronescu Street, 300224 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Gabriela-Alina Dumitrel
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timişoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timişoara, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (V.O.); (V.G.)
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12
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Rani-Borges B, Queiroz LG, Prado CCA, de Melo EC, de Moraes BR, Ando RA, de Paiva TCB, Pompêo M. Exposure of the amphipod Hyalella azteca to microplastics. A study on subtoxic responses and particle biofragmentation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106516. [PMID: 37004465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widespread pollutants in the environment and are considered a global pollution problem. Microplastics mostly originate from larger plastics and due to environmental conditions are undergoing constant fragmentation processes. It is important to understand the fragmentation pathways, since they play a key role in the fate of the particles, and also directly influence toxicity. Amphipods are potential inducers of plastic debris fragmentation. Here, Hyalella azteca was exposed to different concentrations (540, 2700, 5400 items/L) of 24.5 µm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP) for 7 days. After exposure, oxidative stress, particle size reduction, and mortality were checked. No significant mortality was seen in any of the treatments, although changes were recorded in all enzymatic biomarkers analyzed. It was observed that throughout the ingestion and egestion of PS-MP by H. azteca, particles underwent intense fragmentation, presenting a final size up to 25.3% smaller than the initial size. The fragmentation over time (24, 72, 120, 168 h) was verified and the results showed a constant reduction in average particle size indicating that H. azteca are able to induce PS-MP fragmentation. This process may facilitate bioaccumulation and trophic particle transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Rani-Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 3 de Março Avenue 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba 18087-180, Brazil; Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gonçalves Queiroz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, USP, Matão Street 321, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Caio César Achiles Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP, Municipal do Campinho Road, Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carmine de Melo
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rocha de Moraes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Augusto Ando
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Brazil de Paiva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP, Municipal do Campinho Road, Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, USP, Matão Street 321, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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Zhou Y, Ashokkumar V, Amobonye A, Bhattacharjee G, Sirohi R, Singh V, Flora G, Kumar V, Pillai S, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. Current research trends on cosmetic microplastic pollution and its impacts on the ecosystem: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121106. [PMID: 36681374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of microplastics, it has become a vital component, directly or indirectly, in our daily lives. With advancements in their use, microplastics have become an integral part of personal care, cosmetics, and cleaning products (PCCPs) and emerged as a domestic source of environmental pollution. Over the years, researchers have ascertained the harmful effects of microplastics on the environment. In this context, the assessment and monitoring of microplastics in PCCPs require considerable attention. In addition, it raises concern regarding the need to develop innovative, sustainable, and environmentally safe technologies to combat microplastic pollution. Therefore, this review is an endeavor to uncover the fate, route and degradation mechanism of cosmetic microplastics. In addition, the major technological advancement in cosmetic microplastic removal and the steps directed toward mitigating cosmetic microplastic pollution are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Ayodeji Amobonye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - G Flora
- Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Ecotoxicity and Bioconversion Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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14
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Anand U, Dey S, Bontempi E, Ducoli S, Vethaak AD, Dey A, Federici S. Biotechnological methods to remove microplastics: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:1787-1810. [PMID: 36785620 PMCID: PMC9907217 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution is major threat to ecosystems and is impacting abiotic and biotic components. Microplastics are diverse and highly complex contaminants that transport other contaminants and microbes. Current methods to remove microplastics include biodegradation, incineration, landfilling, and recycling. Here we review microplastics with focus on sources, toxicity, and biodegradation. We discuss the role of algae, fungi, bacteria in the biodegradation, and we present biotechnological methods to enhance degradation, e.g., gene editing tools and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Satarupa Dey
- Department of Botany, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, University of Calcutta, Ajodhya, Shyampur, Howrah, 711312 India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, INSTM Unit of Brescia, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Ducoli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, INSTM Unit of Brescia, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A. Dick Vethaak
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Stefania Federici
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, INSTM Unit of Brescia, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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