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Gagné F, Roubeau-Dumont E, André C, Auclair J. Micro and Nanoplastic Contamination and Its Effects on Freshwater Mussels Caged in an Urban Area. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:761-774. [PMID: 38132709 PMCID: PMC10744427 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic-based contamination has become a major cause of concern as it pervades many environments such as air, water, sediments, and soils. This study sought to examine the presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in freshwater mussels placed at rainfall/street runoff overflows, downstream (15 km) of the city centre of Montréal, and 8 km downstream of a municipal effluent dispersion plume. MPs and NPs were determined using flow cytometry and size exclusion chromatography using fluorescence detection. Following 3 months of exposure during the summer season, mussels contained elevated amounts of both MPs and NPs. The rainfall overflow and downstream of the city centre were the most contaminated sites. Lipid peroxidation, metallothioneins, and protein aggregates (amyloids) were significantly increased at the most contaminated sites and were significantly correlated with NPs in tissues. Based on the levels of MPs and NPs in mussels exposed to municipal effluent, wastewater treatment plants appear to mitigate plastic contamination albeit not completely. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that mussels placed in urbanized areas are more contaminated by plastics, which are associated with oxidative damage. The highest responses observed at the overflow site suggest that tire wear and/or asphalt (road) erosion MPs/NPs represent important sources of contamination for the aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada; (E.R.-D.); (C.A.); (J.A.)
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Gilroy ÈAM, Kleinert C, Lacaze É, Campbell SD, Verbaan S, André C, Chan K, Gillis PL, Klinck JS, Gagné F, Fournier M, de Solla SR. In vitro assessment of the genotoxicity and immunotoxicity of treated and untreated municipal effluents and receiving waters in freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64094-64110. [PMID: 37061635 PMCID: PMC10172253 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater effluent is one of the largest sources of pollution entering surface waters in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Exposure to wastewater effluent has been associated with impaired immune systems and induction of genotoxicity to aquatic animals. Due to habitat degradation and environmental pollution linked to industrial development and population growth, several regions of the Great Lakes have been designated Areas of Concern (AOCs). In this study, we assessed the effect of extracts of sewage influent, (treated) effluent and receiving surface waters from the Hamilton Harbour AOC and the Toronto and Region AOC (Ontario, Canada) on the phagocytic immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney leukocytes and the genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) of these extracts on freshwater mussel (Eurynia dilatata) hemocytes. We identified and quantified numerous chemicals present in the various samples extracted for exposure. In freshwater mussels, extracts from Hamilton Harbour AOC induced DNA damage with the most frequency (12 out of 28 samples) regardless of sample type, reflecting past and present industrial activities. In contrast, extracts from Toronto and Region AOC induced DNA damage infrequently (2 out of 32 (summer) and 5 out of 32 (fall) samples, respectively) and from different WWTPs at different times. None of the extracts induced any significant effect on phagocytosis of rainbow trout kidney leukocytes. The present study indicates that despite overall improvements to effluent quality, treatment of influent by WWTPs may not result in a corresponding improvement of the genotoxicity of effluents. In vitro bioassays are useful and cost-effective rapid-screening tools for preliminary assessments of contamination of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève A M Gilroy
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
- Green House Science, Burlington, ON, Canada.
| | - Christine Kleinert
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Lacaze
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sara Verbaan
- Green House Science, Burlington, ON, Canada
- Redeemer University, Ancaster, ON, Canada
| | - Chantale André
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kara Chan
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | | | - François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
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Hayward EE, Gillis PL, Bennett CJ, Prosser RS, Salerno J, Liang T, Robertson S, Metcalfe CD. Freshwater mussels in an impacted watershed: Influences of pollution from point and non-point sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135966. [PMID: 35944689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Grand River watershed in a densely populated region of Ontario supports one of the richest assemblages of freshwater mussels in Canada. However, water quality in this watershed is influenced by urban development, agriculture, and industry. Mussel populations and water chemistry in the lower Grand River and the Boston Creek tributary were evaluated to determine whether point sources of pollution such as discharges of domestic wastewater and industrial effluent, and non-point sources of pollution are affecting mussel distribution and population structure. Semi-quantitative population surveys conducted at 9 study sites identified 20 mussel species, including 3 Species at Risk. Mussel abundance (34-160 mussels/search hour) and species richness indicated that mussel populations in the lower Grand River watershed are continuing to recover from historical lows reported in the 1970s. However, changes in populations at some sites were consistent with altered water chemistry. Most notable was that the three most abundant mussel species in the Boston Creek tributary downstream of a gypsum plant discharge were significantly smaller in length than those upstream of this site. The water chemistry in this habitat was characterized by elevated conductivity (∼2000 μS/cm) and calcium (∼500 mg/L), as well as concentrations of sulfate (∼1000 mg/L) that can be toxic to freshwater mussels. In the Grand River downstream of the confluence with Boston Creek, there tended to be (p > 0.05) fewer mussels (mean 34 ± 20/search h) compared to upstream (mean 67 ± 15/search h) and this corresponded to altered water chemistry, including elevated sulfate (239 mg/L) downstream of the confluence relative to upstream (58 mg/L). These data indicate that chronic exposures to high levels of major ions is likely driving changes to mussel population structure. In addition, the discharges of wash water from a gypsum plant may be impacting sensitive biota in the main stem Grand River well beyond the immediate tributary receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hayward
- The School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - C James Bennett
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tanner Liang
- The School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Shelby Robertson
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- The School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Goodchild CG, DuRant SE. Bold Behavior Is Associated with Genes That Regulate Energy Use but Does Not Covary with Body Condition in Food-Restricted Snails. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 94:366-379. [PMID: 34477491 DOI: 10.1086/716431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTheoretical models about the relationship between food restriction and individual differences in risk-taking behavior (i.e., boldness) have led to conflicting predictions: some models predict that food restriction increases boldness, while other models predict that food restriction decreases boldness. This discrepancy may be partially attributable to an underappreciation for animals' complex physiological responses to food restriction. To understand the proximate mechanisms mediating state-dependent boldness, we used freshwater snails (Helisoma trivolvis) to examine the relationships among food availability, body condition, boldness (latency to reemerge from shell and exploration), and mRNA expression of three genes (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK], molluscan insulin-like peptide [MIP], and serotonin receptor [5-HT]) involved in maintaining energy homeostasis during periods of moderate food restriction. Latency to reemerge and exploratory behavior decreased over time, but fed snails were bolder than fasted snails, suggesting that food restriction reduces bold behavior. Although food restriction decreased body condition, there was not a relationship between body condition and latency to reemerge from shell. However, expression of MIP was positively correlated with latency to reemerge from shell. Furthermore, AMPK was positively correlated with MIP and negatively correlated with body condition and 5-HT. Therefore, individual differences in physiological responses to food restriction, not overall body condition per se, appear to be more closely associated with state-dependent bold behavior. Finally, snails that experienced a novel assay environment returned to their initial "shy" behavior, suggesting that habituation to the assay environment may contribute to snails expressing bolder behavior over time.
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Effects of Temperature and Glyphosate on Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Gastropod Lymneae sp. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the potential effects of glyphosate on freshwater gastropods and possible interactions between glyphosate and other stressors. A two-way factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature (20 °C/25 °C) and glyphosate (0 µg/L/200 µg/L) on Lymnaea sp. After 21 days, antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), malondialdehyde content (MDA), and fatty acid (FA) composition of Lymnaea sp. tissue were measured. Temperature had an effect on SOD activity and GPx activity. In contrast, an increase in GST activity was observed in glyphosate-exposed snails, highlighting the role of GST in the glyphosate detoxification process. Differences in temperature and glyphosate did not affect lipid peroxidation (MDA); however, we observed a trend suggesting the presence of higher MDA content in glyphosate-exposed snails at 20 °C. The FA groups were generally not strongly affected by the treatments, except for omega−9 (n-9) that was markedly lower at the higher temperature. Changes were also observed in individual FA as a response to glyphosate and/or temperature. For example, a significant decrease in 18:1n9 was observed at 25 °C. Our results showed that antioxidant capacity and FA profiles were mainly affected by temperature, while glyphosate seemed to have a lesser impact.
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Baudrimont M, Gonzalez P, Mesmer-Dudons N, Legeay A. Sensitivity to cadmium of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera from the Dronne River (France): experimental exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3715-3725. [PMID: 30949944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Margaritifera margaritifera is a critically endangered species in Europe. Among the causes explaining its decline, metal pollution had never been deeply studied. Thus, an ecotoxicological investigation was developed on this species which comes from the Dronne River (South-West of France). Cadmium (Cd) exposure of mussels at 2 and 5 μg/L for 7 days was conducted to test their vulnerability to this metal, and also the potential endocrine disruption power of Cd. Morphometric analyses, gonad histological observations, metal bioaccumulation, metallothionein (MTs) production, measures of malondialdehyde (MDA), and finally quantitative relative expression analysis of genes involved in various metabolic functions were performed.The main results showed Cd accumulation increasing in a dose-dependent manner, especially in the gills. The same trend was observed for gene expression relative to oxidative stress. Histological analysis of the gonads highlighted a predominance of hermaphrodite individuals, but after 7 days of exposure to Cd, the percentage of female was largely increased compared with controls, from 17 to 33%. These results demonstrate the endocrine disruption effect of Cd on freshwater pearl mussels.The pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is sensitive to cadmium since the metallothioneins are poorly induced, gene expression reveals oxidative stress, and gonads tend to be feminized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
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7
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Giraudo M, Colson TLL, Pilote M, Gagnon C, Gagnon P, Houde M. A major release of urban untreated wastewaters in the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) altered growth, reproduction, and redox status in experimentally exposed Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:843-851. [PMID: 31392632 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, five billion liters of untreated urban wastewater (UWW) were released into the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) over the course of four days in order to repair the Montreal's sewer interceptor network related to the city's primary wastewater treatment plant. The UWW discharge originated mainly from household, industrial, and hospital sources. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicological effects of this unprecedented punctual UWW release on aquatic invertebrates to gather information that could help understand the potential impacts to the receiving environment of overflow episodes occurring during heavy rain events. Water samples were collected at four impacted and non-impacted sites during and four weeks after the release. The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were experimentally exposed to surface water collected from UWW-impacted sites for 13 days and analyzed for life-history endpoints and suitable biomarkers related to oxidative stress (i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione-s-transferase) and reproduction (chitinase). Results indicated that D. magna growth and reproduction were significantly increased by exposure to UWWs. These effects were correlated with an increase in chitinase activity, which is primarily controlled by reproductive hormones and involved in growth, suggesting potential impacts on these processes. Results also indicated that some UWW samples might have caused oxidative stress during the release but that it was overcome by antioxidant defenses and did not lead to cellular damage. Overall, current results contribute to a better understanding of the biological impacts of UWW to aquatic invertebrates for a better stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giraudo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada.
| | - T-L L Colson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - M Pilote
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - C Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - P Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - M Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
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8
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Silva Dos Santos F, Neves RAF, Carvalho WFD, Krepsky N, Crapez MAC. Evaluation of the immune responses of the brown mussel Perna perna as indicators of fecal pollution. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:115-123. [PMID: 29864586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mussel Perna perna is an intertidal bivalve that is widely distributed, cultivated and consumed in South Africa, Brazil and Venezuela. Among marine resources, bivalve mollusks are one of the most impacted by anthropogenic pollution, as they can accumulate pathogenic bacteria and water pollutants. Hemocytes are molluscan defense cells, and their abundance and functions can be affected in response to contaminants, such as bacterial load. However, no previous study has investigated the immune response of P. perna hemocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate several immune parameters in P. perna as indicators of fecal pollution in mussel hemolymph and in seawater. We collected mussels and adjacent seawater from beaches with different levels of fecal contamination in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil): Vermelha Beach (VB); Icaraí Beach (IB); Urca Beach (UB); and Jurujuba Beach (JB). Hemocyte parameters (density, morphology, phagocytic activity and production of Reactive Oxygen Species - ROS) were evaluated using flow cytometry. We quantified Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) in seawater by the multiple tubes technique for each beach and for hemolymph by the spread-plate technique. In agreement with historical evaluation of fecal contamination levels, UB presented the highest FIB abundance in seawater (thermotolerant coliforms, TEC = 1600 NMP 100 mL-1), whereas VB exhibited the lowest (TEC = 17 NMP 100 mL-1). UB mussels had six and eight times higher hemocyte density and phagocytic activity, respectively, than mussels from VB. Mussels from VB and IB presented a significantly lower number of total coliforms in hemolymph and a significantly higher relative internal complexity of hemocytes than those from UB and JB (p ≤ 0.01, PERMANOVA). ROS production by hemocytes was significantly lower in mussels from VB compared to those from JB (p = 0.04, ANOVA). Our results indicate a significant relationship between the level of fecal contamination in aquatic environments and the immune response of mussel hemocytes. Immune-related parameters may therefore be useful as indicators of bivalve health and environmental quality. Our flow cytometric analysis of P. perna hemocytes represents a new approach for studying Perna perna biology and might represent a novel tool for measuring organic pollution and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Mario Santos Braga, s/n, Niterói, CEP 24.020-141, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Almeida Ferrando Neves
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Wanderson Fernandes de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Natascha Krepsky
- Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Mario Santos Braga, s/n, Niterói, CEP 24.020-141, RJ, Brazil.
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Boisseaux P, Noury P, Delorme N, Perrier L, Thomas-Guyon H, Garric J. Immunocompetence analysis of the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to urban wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16720-16728. [PMID: 29611123 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluents from urban area are a well-known source of chronic multiple micropollution to the downstream living organisms. In this study, ecologically relevant laboratory-bred freshwater gastropods, Lymnaea stagnalis, were exposed for 29 days to raw effluents of a wastewater treatment plant in Lyon area (France). A time-course analysis of individual markers of immunocompetence (hemocyte density and viability, hemocyte NADPH activity, phenol oxidase activity, and capacity of phagocytosis) has shown slight trends of inflammatory-like responses induced by the 100% effluents. So far, no short-term hazard for L. stagnalis can be revealed. However, over the long term, such environmental stress-stimulating immune responses could provoke deleterious life history trade-offs because the immune system is known to be highly energy-consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Boisseaux
- Irstea, UR RIVERLY, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Noury
- Irstea, UR RIVERLY, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- Irstea, UR RIVERLY, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Lucile Perrier
- Irstea, UR RIVERLY, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Helene Thomas-Guyon
- LIttoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) - UMR 7266, Bâtiment ILE 2, Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- Irstea, UR RIVERLY, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Díaz-Garduño B, Perales JA, Garrido-Pérez C, Martín-Díaz ML. Health status alterations in Ruditapes philippinarum after continuous secondary effluent exposure before and after additional tertiary treatment application. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:720-729. [PMID: 29339341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A mobile pilot plant was set up in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in southwest Spain to address potential adverse effects of effluents as a whole contaminant, which are discharging into marine environments. Ruditapes philippinarum specimens were exposed to different effluent concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.15%) during seven days. After effluent exposure, lysosomal membrane stability alterations (LMS), changes in the energy status storage (total lipids content (TLP) and in the mitochondrial electron transport (MET), inhibition of inflammatory mechanisms (cyclooxygenase activity (COX)), and neurotoxic effects (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were determined in exposed organisms. Furthermore, potential toxic reduction in the effluent was analysed by the application of an additional microalgae tertiary treatment called photobiotreatment (PhtBio). Results after PhtBio confirmed the toxic effect reduction in exposed organisms. Neuroendocrine effects, alterations in energy budget and in lipid storage revealed alterations in clam's health status causing stress conditions after effluent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - J A Perales
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - C Garrido-Pérez
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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11
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Díaz-Garduño B, Perales JA, Biel-Maeso M, Pintado-Herrera MG, Lara-Martin PA, Garrido-Pérez C, Martín-Díaz ML. Biochemical responses of Solea senegalensis after continuous flow exposure to urban effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:486-497. [PMID: 29017122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urban effluent potential toxicity was assessed by a battery of biomarkers aimed at determining sub-lethal effects after continuous exposure on the marine organism Solea senegalensis. Specimens were exposed to five effluent concentrations (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32) during 7-days, simulating the dispersion plume at the discharge point. Three different groups of biomarkers were selected in the present study: biomarkers of exposure (Phase I: EROD and DBF; Phase II: GST), biomarkers with antioxidant responses (GR and GPX) and biomarkers of effects (DNA damage and LPO). Additionally, a biological depuration treatment (photobiotreatment (PhtBio)) was tested in order to reduce the adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Effluent exposure caused sub-lethal responses in juvenile fish suggesting oxidative stress. After PhtBio application, concentrations of the major part of measured contaminants were reduced, as well as their bioavailability and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - J A Perales
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Biel-Maeso
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M G Pintado-Herrera
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - P A Lara-Martin
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - C Garrido-Pérez
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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12
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André C, Gagné F. Cumulative effects of ibuprofen and air emersion in zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:156-164. [PMID: 28850942 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal effluents are major source of pharmaceutical products in the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of a largely used drug, ibuprofen (Ibu), in Dresseina polymorpha mussels and its impact on air survival time. The mussels were exposed to increasing concentration of Ibu (0, 1, 10 and 100μg/L) for 96 at 15°C and a sub-group of mussels was maintain in air for another 96h. Post-exposure mussels (Ibu and Ibu+Air) were analyzed for weight loss, total triglycerides, neutral lipids, lipid peroxidation (LPO), arachidonate-dependent cyclooxygenase (COX) and glutathione S-transferase activity. Lipid extracts of mussel tissues were also analyzed by 1H-nuclear resonance spectroscopy. The data revealed that mussels exposed to Ibu had increased signs of lipid oxidation, neutral lipids and decreased triglycerides, LPO and GST activity. COX activity was significantly reduced by Ibu in keeping with mode of action of the drug. Following exposure to air, increased weight loss, neutral lipids (lipid degradation), were observed in mussels exposed to Ibu but no changes in COX activity were observed. Air stress limited the decrease in triglycerides and the increase in GST in mussels exposed to 100μg/L Ibu indicating decreased anti-oxidant response/phase II biotransformation and limited lipid metabolism. In conclusion, exposure to Ibu has some anti-inflammatory effects to mussels based on COX activity but resulted in increased oxidative damage and lipid catabolism. Exposure to air stress could enhance some of these responses and contribute to decreased resistance to air exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C André
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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13
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Gillis PL, McInnis R, Salerno J, de Solla SR, Servos MR, Leonard EM. Municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent-induced effects on freshwater mussel populations and the role of mussel refugia in recolonizing an extirpated reach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:460-468. [PMID: 28318787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global human population and urbanization continually increase the volume of wastewater entering aquatic environments. Despite efforts to treat these effluents, they contribute a diverse suite of substances that enter watersheds at concentrations that have the potential to elicit adverse effects on aquatic organisms. The relationship between wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent exposure and biological responses within aquatic ecosystems remains poorly understood, especially at the population level. To examine the effect of WWTP effluents on sentinel invertebrates, freshwater mussels were assessed in the Grand River, Ontario, in populations associated with the outfall of a major WWTP. This watershed, within the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, has a diverse community of twenty-five species of mussels, including nine Species at Risk, and is representative of many habitats that receive WWTP effluents regionally as well as globally. Surveys were conducted to assess the presence and species richness of freshwater mussels. In total, 55 sites downstream of the WWTP were examined using timed visual searches with one or 2 h of effort spent searching 100 m segments. Although seven species of mussels were found in moderate abundance (mean of 8 mussels per hour of searching across 2 sites) upstream of the WWTP outfall, no live mussels were observed for 7.0 km downstream of the WWTP. Long-term water quality monitoring data indicate that ammonia and nitrite concentrations along with large seasonal declines in diel dissolved oxygen were associated with the extirpation of mussels downstream of the WWTP. The first live mussels found downstream were below the confluence with a major tributary indicating that in addition to an improvement in water quality to a state that enables mussels (and/or their fish hosts) to survive, a nearby mussel refuge may have facilitated the recolonization of the depauperate WWTP-impacted zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
| | - Rodney McInnis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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14
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Ladhar-Chaabouni R, Houel T, Serpentini A, Karray S, Lebel JM, Hamza-Chaffai A. Responses of primary cultured haemocytes derived from the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculata to an industrial effluent exposure. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:191-200. [PMID: 27957649 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the responses of primary cultured haemocytes from the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculata exposed to the increasing concentrations of industrial effluent (0, 0.5, 1, 10, 15 and 20%) discharged into the Tunisian coastal area. Analyses showed the presence of metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in the effluent. The effects of this mixture of pollutants on abalone haemocyte parameters were reflected by a significant decrease of cell viability, phagocytotic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as morphological and lysosomal membrane alterations. Thus, these results indicated that our primary culture system represents a suitable in vitro model for monitoring of anthropogenic contaminants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Houel
- Normandie université, 14032, Caen, France.,UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Normandie université, 14032, Caen, France.,UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Sahar Karray
- Marine Ecotoxicology UR 09-03, IPEIS, BP 805, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Normandie université, 14032, Caen, France.,UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
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15
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Oliveira IB, Groh KJ, Stadnicka-Michalak J, Schönenberger R, Beiras R, Barroso CM, Langford KH, Thomas KV, Suter MJF. Tralopyril bioconcentration and effects on the gill proteome of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:198-210. [PMID: 27295630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling (AF) systems are used worldwide as one of the most cost-effective ways of protecting submerged structures against heavy biofouling. The emergence of environmentally friendly AF biocides requires knowledge on their environmental fate and toxicity. In this study we measured the bioconcentration of the emerging AF biocide tralopyril (TP) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and investigated the effects of TP on the mussel gill proteome following acute (2days) and chronic (30days) exposure, as well as after a 10-day depuration period. The experiments were carried out with 1μg/L TP; blank and solvent (5×10(-5)% DMSO) controls were also included. Proteomics analysis was performed by mass spectrometry-based multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Differentially expressed proteins were identified using a label-free approach based on spectral counts and G-test. Our results show that TP is rapidly accumulated by mussels at concentrations up to 362ng/g dw (whole tissues), reaching steady-state condition within 13days. Ten days of depuration resulted in 80% elimination of accumulated TP from the organism, suggesting that a complete elimination could be reached with longer depuration times. In total, 46 proteins were found to be regulated in the different exposure scenarios. Interestingly, not only TP but also DMSO alone significantly modulated the protein expression in mussel gills following acute and chronic exposure. Both compounds regulated proteins involved in bioenergetics, immune system, active efflux and oxidative stress, often in the opposite way. Alterations of several proteins, notably several cytoskeletal ones, were still observed after the depuration period. These may reflect either the continuing chemical effect due to incomplete elimination or an onset of recovery processes in the mussel gills. Our study shows that exposure of adult mussels to sublethal TP concentration results in the bioconcentration of this biocide in the tissues and modulates the expression of several proteins that may intervene in important metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Oliveira
- Biology department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ECIMAT, University of Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Julita Stadnicka-Michalak
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos M Barroso
- Biology department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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16
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Séguin A, Caplat C, Serpentini A, Lebel JM, Menet-Nedelec F, Costil K. Metal bioaccumulation and physiological condition of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reared in two shellfish basins and a marina in Normandy (northwest France). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 106:202-214. [PMID: 26975610 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 5-month experiment combining a geochemical survey of metals with a bioaccumulation study in batches of Crassostrea gigas was conducted in two shellfish farming areas and a marina in Normandy (France). Various endpoints at different levels of biological organization were studied. ROCCH data showed differences in biota contamination between the two shellfish areas but the present study revealed only slight differences in metallic contamination and biomarkers. By contrast, significantly different values were recorded in the marina in comparison with the two other sites. Indeed, higher levels of Cd, Cu and Zn were measured in the oysters from the marina, and these oysters also showed a poorer physiological condition (e.g., condition index, histopathological alterations and neutral lipid content). For coastal monitoring, the multi-biomarker approach coupled with an assessment of metallic contamination in biota appeared to be suitable for discriminating spatial differences in environmental quality after only a few months of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Séguin
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - C Caplat
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - A Serpentini
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - J M Lebel
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - F Menet-Nedelec
- LERN (Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie), IFREMER, Avenue du Gal de Gaulle, BP 32, 14520 Port-en-Bessin, France
| | - K Costil
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.
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17
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Bianchi VA, Castro JM, Rocchetta I, Conforti V, Pascual M, Luquet CM. Modulating effects of orally supplied Euglena gracilis on the physiological responses of the freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis, exposed to sewage water pollution in a Patagonian river (Argentina). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:17-25. [PMID: 26892796 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to test if orally supplied Euglena sp. cells modulate the physiological status of bivalves during bioremediation procedures, we evaluated the effect of Euglena gracilis diet on the immune response, oxidative balance and metabolic condition of Diplodon chilensis exposed to sewage water pollution. Mussels were fed for 90 days with E. gracilis (EG) or Scenedesmus vacuolatus (SV, control diet), and then exposed for 10 days at three sites along the Pocahullo river basin: 1) an unpolluted site, upstream of the city (control, C); 2) upstream (UpS) and 3) downstream (DoS) from the main tertiary-treated sewage discharge, in the city of San Martín de los Andes, Northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Our results show that the total hemocyte number decreases while pollution load increases along the river course for both, EG and SV mussels. Phagocytic activity is higher in EG mussels than in SV ones under all conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in hemocytes increases with the increase in the pollution load, being significantly higher for EG mussels than for SV ones at DoS; no changes are observed for total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC). Hemocytes' viability is increased for E. gracilis diet at C and remains unchanged in this group of mussels when exposed at the polluted sites. Lysosomal membrane stability is higher in EG mussels than in SV ones for all conditions, although it is decreased at polluted sites compared with that at C. Antioxidant (catalase) and detoxifying (gluthatione S-transferase) defenses are generally lower in gills and digestive gland of EG mussels than in SV ones. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) is evident in gills of EG mussels at C, and in digestive gland of the same group, at all the sites. Gill mass factor (GF) is affected by the E. gracilis diet; it is increased at C and decreased at polluted sites when compared with that of SV ones. Digestive gland mass factor (DGF) is higher in EG mussels than in SV ones. In D. chilensis, continuous and long term feeding with E. gracilis cells favors immune response and reduces the damage caused by sewage pollution exposure on hemocytes. Nevertheless, diet and transplantation procedures may produce negative effects on the oxidative balance of gills and digestive gland and should be taken into account for bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Químicas y de Medio Ambiente (LIBIQUIMA-CITAAC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, CP: 8300, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial N° 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Iara Rocchetta
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial N° 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Visitación Conforti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, Instituto de CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Pascual
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial N° 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial N° 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
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18
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de Solla SR, Gilroy ÈAM, Klinck JS, King LE, McInnis R, Struger J, Backus SM, Gillis PL. Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the unionid mussel Lasmigona costata in a river receiving wastewater effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:486-96. [PMID: 26741555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are frequently found in rivers receiving effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and there is strong evidence that poor water quality is deleterious to freshwater mussel populations. WWTPs are among the main sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface waters. We monitored 145 PPCPs in wild and caged mussels both upstream and downstream of the Kitchener WWTP in the Grand River, Ontario, as well as 118 PPCPs in water samples. Our objectives were to characterize the seasonal changes in PPCP concentrations in water, to calculate bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PPCPs in mussels, and to determine the chemical and physical properties of PPCPs driving the bioaccumulation. Seventy PPCPs were detected in water, and concentrations were highest in the summer or early fall, which corresponded to low river flow. Forty-three PPCPs from many pharmaceutical classes were detected in mussel tissues, including stimulants, a contrasting agent, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-bacterial agents, antibiotics, antidepressants, antihistamines, progestins, and illicit drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines. The BAFs ranged from 0.66 for metformin to 32,022 for sertraline. Using partial least squares to predict BAFs based upon chemical properties, log KOC, Log KOW, and fugacity ratio (sediment) all had similar and positive loadings with BAFs (R(2)X = 0.70; caged mussels). BAFs of PPCPs in mussels were predictable from fugacity models that estimate bioconcentration factors using log KOW. Our study demonstrated that mussels readily bioaccumulate PPCPs, in a manner consistent with expectations based upon BCF models and the chemical characteristics of each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
| | - È A M Gilroy
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J S Klinck
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - L E King
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - R McInnis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Struger
- Great Lakes Water Quality Monitoring and Ecosystem Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - S M Backus
- Great Lakes Water Quality Monitoring and Ecosystem Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - P L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
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19
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Maranho LA, André C, DelValls TA, Gagné F, Martín-Díaz ML. In situ evaluation of wastewater discharges and the bioavailability of contaminants to marine biota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:876-887. [PMID: 26356994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediment quality of wastewater discharges areas was determined by using in situ caged clams Ruditapes philippinarum taking into account the seasonality. Clams were caged in sediment directly affected by wastewater discharges at four sites (P1, P2, P3, P4) at the Bay of Cádiz (SW, Spain), and one reference site (P6). Exposure to contaminated sediments was confirmed by measurement of metals and As, PAH, pharmaceutical products and surfactants (SAS) in bottom sediments. Biological effects were determined by following biomarkers of exposure (activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase - EROD, dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase - DBF, glutathione S-transferase - GST, glutathione peroxidase - GPX, glutathione reductase - GR and acetylcholinesterase - AChE), effects (lysosomal membrane stability - LMS, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation - LPO), energy status (total lipids - TLP and mitochondrial electron transport - MET), and involved in the mode of action of pharmaceutical products (monoamine oxidase activity - MAO, alkali-labile phosphates - ALP levels and cyclooxygenase activity - COX). In winter, urban effluents were detoxified by phase I biotransformation (CYP3A-like activity), phase II (GST), and the activation of antioxidant defence enzymes (GR). Urban effluents lead to the detoxification metabolism (CYP1A-like), oxidative effects (LPO and DNA damage), neurotoxicity (AChE) and neuroendocrine disruption (COX and ALP levels) involved in inflammation (P1 and P2) and changes in reproduction as spawning delay (P3 and P4) in clams exposed in summer. Adverse effects on biota exposed to sediment directly affected by wastewater discharges depend on the chemical contamination level and also on the reproductive cycle according to seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Maranho
- Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Physical Chemical Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - C André
- Emerging Methods, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, 7th floor, H2Y 2E7 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T A DelValls
- Physical Chemical Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F Gagné
- Emerging Methods, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, 7th floor, H2Y 2E7 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Physical Chemical Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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20
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Jasinska EJ, Goss GG, Gillis PL, Van Der Kraak GJ, Matsumoto J, de Souza Machado AA, Giacomin M, Moon TW, Massarsky A, Gagné F, Servos MR, Wilson J, Sultana T, Metcalfe CD. Assessment of biomarkers for contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic organisms downstream of a municipal wastewater discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:140-153. [PMID: 26026416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and estrogens, are detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges. However, analytical monitoring of wastewater and surface water does not indicate whether CECs are affecting the organisms downstream. In this study, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and freshwater mussels Pyganodon grandis Say, 1829 (synonym: Anodonta grandis Say, 1829) were caged for 4 weeks in the North Saskatchewan River, upstream and downstream of the discharge from the WWTP that serves the Edmonton, AB, Canada. Passive samplers deployed indicated that concentrations of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, an estrogen (estrone) and an androgen (androstenedione) were elevated at sites downstream of the WWTP discharge. Several biomarkers of exposure were significantly altered in the tissues of caged fathead minnows and freshwater mussels relative to the upstream reference sites. Biomarkers altered in fish included induction of CYP3A metabolism, an increase in vitellogenin (Vtg) gene expression in male minnows, elevated ratios of oxidized to total glutathione (i.e. GSSG/TGSH), and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase). In mussels, there were no significant changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress and the levels of Vtg-like proteins were reduced, not elevated, indicating a generalized stress response. Immune function was altered in mussels, as indicated by elevated lysosomal activity per hemocyte in P. grandis caged closest to the wastewater discharge. This immune response may be due to exposure to bacterial pathogens in the wastewater. Multivariate analysis indicated a response to the CECs Carbamazepine (CBZ) and Trimethoprim (TPM). Overall, these data indicate that there is a 1 km zone of impact for aquatic organisms downstream of WWTP discharge. However, multiple stressors in municipal wastewater make measurement and interpretation of impact of CECs difficult since water temperature, conductivity and bacteria are also inducing biomarker responses in both fish and mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta J Jasinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marina Giacomin
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Francois Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tamanna Sultana
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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Derbalah A, El-Safty S, Shenashen M, Abdel Ghany N. Mesocage collector cavities as nanopockets for remediation and real assessment of carbamate pesticides in aquatic water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Mottier A, Séguin A, Devos A, Pabic CL, Voiseux C, Lebel JM, Serpentini A, Fievet B, Costil K. Effects of subchronic exposure to glyphosate in juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas): From molecular to individual levels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:665-77. [PMID: 25455786 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used and can be measured in aquatic ecosystems, including coastal waters. The effect of glyphosate on non-target organisms is an issue of worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to glyphosate in juvenile oysters, Crassostrea gigas. Yearling oysters were exposed to three concentrations of glyphosate (0.1, 1 and 100μgL(-1)) for 56days. Various endpoints were studied, from the individual level (e.g., gametogenesis and tissue alterations) to the molecular level (mRNA quantification), including biochemical endpoints such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase activities and malondialdehyde content. No mortality and growth occurred during the experiment, and individual biomarkers revealed only slight effects. The levels of gene expression significantly increased in oysters exposed to the highest glyphosate concentration (GST and metallothioneins) or to all concentrations (multi-xenobiotic resistance). These results suggested an activation of defence mechanisms at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Mottier
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Alexis Séguin
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Alexandre Devos
- Radioecology Laboratory of Cherbourg-Octeville, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety/PRP-ENV/SERIS, BP n°10, rue Max Pol Fouchet, 50130 Octeville, France
| | - Charles Le Pabic
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Claire Voiseux
- Radioecology Laboratory of Cherbourg-Octeville, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety/PRP-ENV/SERIS, BP n°10, rue Max Pol Fouchet, 50130 Octeville, France
| | - Jean Marc Lebel
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Fievet
- Radioecology Laboratory of Cherbourg-Octeville, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety/PRP-ENV/SERIS, BP n°10, rue Max Pol Fouchet, 50130 Octeville, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.
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Nobles T, Zhang Y. Survival, growth and condition of freshwater mussels: effects of municipal wastewater effluent. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128488. [PMID: 26042840 PMCID: PMC4456002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater mussels (Family Unionidae) are among the most imperiled group of organisms in the world, with nearly 65% of North American species considered endangered. Anthropogenic disturbances, including altered flow regimes, habitat alteration, and pollution, are the major driver of this group's decline. We investigated the effects of tertiary treated municipal wastewater effluent on survivorship, growth, and condition of freshwater mussels in experimental cages in a small Central Texas stream. We tested the effluent effects by measuring basic physical parameters of native three ridge mussels (Amblema plicata) and of non-native Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea), before and after 72-day exposure at four sites above and below a municipal wastewater treatment plant outfall. Survivorship and growth of the non-native Asian clams and growth and condition indices of the native three ridge mussels were significantly higher at the reference site above the outfall than in downstream sites. We attribute this reduction in fitness below the outfall to elevated nutrient and heavy metal concentrations, and the potential presence of other untested-for compounds commonly found in municipal effluent. These results, along with an absence of native mussels below the discharge, indicate a significant negative impact of wastewater effluent on both native and non-native mussels in the stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Nobles
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Goodchild CG, Frederich M, Zeeman SI. AMP-activated protein kinase is a biomarker of energetic status in freshwater mussels exposed to municipal effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:201-209. [PMID: 25622267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although biomarkers are frequently used to assess sublethal effects of contaminants, a lack of mechanistic linkages to higher-level effects limits the predictive power of biomarkers. Bioenergetics has been proposed as a framework for linking cellular effects to whole-animal effects. We investigated sublethal effects of exposure to wastewater treatment facility effluent in freshwater mussels in situ, thereby capturing ecologically relevant exposure conditions. Our study focused on the energetic biomarker AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while also considering more traditional biomarkers like heat shock proteins (HSP70), and antioxidant enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). We examined biomarkers at mRNA and protein levels. Effluent exposure caused a reduction in total-AMPK protein abundance (p=0.05) and AMPK mRNA expression (p=0.02). Conversely, AMPK activity increased at downstream sites by 2.2-fold (p=0.05), indicating increased cellular energy consumption. HSP70 protein abundance was lower at downstream sites (p<0.05), while SOD and GST activity levels significantly increased. By using various biomarkers, we demonstrate that exposure to municipal effluent creates an energetically taxing situation. This is the first study to use AMPK to evaluate the effects of contamination in situ, and our results suggest that energetic biomarkers, like AMPK, complement traditional biomarkers and may help establish functional links between cellular and whole-animal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Goodchild
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Markus Frederich
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
| | - Stephan I Zeeman
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
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25
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Almeida A, Calisto V, Esteves VI, Schneider RJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Presence of the pharmaceutical drug carbamazepine in coastal systems: effects on bivalves. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:74-87. [PMID: 25164595 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic drug, is one of the most commonly detected pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic ecosystems, and is used as a marker of urban pollution. Since CBZ is designed to exert a biological effect, when it reaches aquatic environment high probability exist for toxic effects on non-target organisms. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ (0.00, 0.03, 0.30, 3.00, 9.00μg/L) in the edible clams Venerupis decussata (a native species) and Venerupis philippinarum (an invasive species) collected from the Ria de Aveiro. The effects on both species were assessed through the use of a battery of biomarkers mainly related with health status and oxidative stress. Furthermore, in this work an alternative and promising tool, the direct competitive immunoassay ELISA, for the direct CBZ quantification in clam's tissues, was applied. The results of the present work showed that CBZ in clam's tissues increased with the exposure concentration and V. decussata gave slightly higher values than V. philippinarum. Although the clams accumulated lower levels of CBZ than the concentration of exposure, these concentrations were enough to impair the health status and induce oxidative stress. However, a different response to CBZ was observed in the two species. While in V. philippinarum the lipid peroxidation levels increased at the highest CBZ concentration (9.00μg/L), in V. decussata a significant decrease was seen. Moreover, glutathionse S-transferase activity was stimulated in V. decussata and decreased in V. philippinarum. Nevertheless, an induction of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and cytochrome P450 3A4 activities was found in both species as a result of the exposure. The results indicate that, probably, V. philippinarum have a less efficient antioxidant system than V. decussata, and are therefore less capable to neutralize oxidative stress and consequently more sensitive to CBZ. The risk quotient determined for the Ria de Aveiro was higher than 1 indicating that a ecotoxicological risk is suspected. Furthermore, bioaccumulation of CBZ in clams should be taken into consideration since this chemical might be transferred along the food chain and affect non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Almeida
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Bianchi VA, Rocchetta I, Luquet CM. Biomarker responses to sewage pollution in freshwater mussels (Diplodon chilensis) transplanted to a Patagonian river. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1276-1285. [PMID: 24967561 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.910065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were combined to evaluate biomarker responses of Diplodon chilensis to sewage pollution. Mussels from an unpolluted area in Lacar lake (S0) were caged at a reference site (S1) and at two sites with increasing sewage pollution (S2, S3) in Pocahullo river (all in Argentina). After 1 month, gill (g) glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities, and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were found to be significantly elevated in S3, gGST being positively correlated with fecal bacteria (FC) concentration. Digestive gland (dg) enzyme activities were depressed and dgTBARS were increased in all transplanted mussels. After 3 mo, most variables returned to control levels in S1 mussels except for dgCAT and dgTBARS. After seven months, GST and CAT activities of S0 and S3 mussels were evaluated in the laboratory, before and after acute exposure (8 h) to high fecal bacteria concentration ([FC] in S3x 2). gGST increased in both groups, while dgGST responded only in S3 mussels. gCAT and dgCAT activities were similarly increased by acute exposure in both groups. Our results suggest that gGST and gCAT are suitable biomarkers for high FC pollution regardless of previous exposure history. In addition, we show that dgCAT is sensitive to the acute increase in FC load, both in naive and long-term exposed individuals, while dgGST becomes responsive after long-term acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Bianchi
- a Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN , Neuquén , Argentina
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Biochemical and proteomic characterisation of haemolymph serum reveals the origin of the alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 11:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Machado AADS, Wood CM, Bianchini A, Gillis PL. Responses of biomarkers in wild freshwater mussels chronically exposed to complex contaminant mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1345-1358. [PMID: 24996530 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular biochemical biomarkers are valuable early warning indicators of environmental contaminant effects. Thus, the present study evaluated several biomarkers and the relationships among them in wild freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) from a gradient of metal exposure and differential levels of other urban-related influences in the Grand River (ON, Canada). The biomarkers examined are related to metal exposure [gill ion and metal concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn)], oxidative status [reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), antioxidant capacity (ACAP)], sulfhydryl (SH) metabolism [glutathione (GSH), protein sulfhydryl groups (SH protein), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR)], and lipid peroxidation. Gill metal concentration increased proportionally to waterborne metal concentration and disturbances in osmotic and divalent cations (Ca and Mg) concentrations were observed. This suggests that the observed effects are associated with metal exposure, although simultaneous relationships with other contaminants are also possible. Oxidative status biomarkers (ROS, SOD, CAT and ACAP) were more sensitive to urban-influences than gill metal concentration. In contrast, biomarkers involving SH metabolism (GSH, SH protein, total SH, GR and GST) were more correlated with gill metal concentration. Oxidative damage occurred when both metal and urban-related influences were high. Mechanistically, the way of dealing with oxidative stress changed when mussels were exposed to high levels of contaminants. The reduction in ROS content, SOD and CAT activity, and ACAP accompanying the stimulation of detoxification metabolism via SH (GSH and SH protein contents, GST and GR activities) and their association with gill metal concentration are discussed.
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Bianchi VA, Castro JM, Rocchetta I, Bieczynski F, Luquet CM. Health status and bioremediation capacity of wild freshwater mussels (Diplodon chilensis) exposed to sewage water pollution in a glacial Patagonian lake. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:268-277. [PMID: 24589503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious effects on health and fitness are expected in mussels chronically exposed to sewage water pollution. Diplodon chilensis inhabiting SMA, an area affected by untreated and treated sewage water, shows increased hemocyte number and phagocytic activity, while bacteriolytic and phenoloxidase activities in plasma and reactive oxygen species production in hemocytes are lower compared to mussels from an unpolluted area (Yuco). There are not differences in cell viability, lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation and total oxygen scavenging capacity between SMA and Yuco mussels' hemocytes. Energetic reserves and digestive gland mass do not show differences between groups; although the condition factor is higher in SMA than in Yuco mussels. Gills of SMA mussels show an increase in mass and micronuclei frequency compared to those of Yuco. Mussels from both sites reduce bacterial loads in polluted water and sediments, improving their quality with similar feeding performance. These findings suggest that mussels exposed to sewage pollution modulate physiological responses by long-term exposure; although, gills are sensitive to these conditions and suffer chronic damage. Bioremediation potential found in D. chilensis widens the field of work for remediation of sewage bacterial pollution in water and sediments by filtering bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iara Rocchetta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gélinas M, Fortier M, Lajeunesse A, Fournier M, Gagnon C, Barnabé S, Gagné F. Responses of freshwater mussel (Elliptio complanata) hemocytes exposed in vitro to crude extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa and Lyngbya wollei. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:260-266. [PMID: 24395509 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lyngbya wollei is a benthic filamentous cyanobacterium that produces a toxin analogous to the neurotoxic saxitoxin known as lyngbyatoxin (LYNGTX). Microcystis aeruginosa form blooms in the pelagic area of eutrophic lakes and produce a series of potent hepatotoxins-microcystins (MCYST). The aim of this study in vitro study was to examine the difference between the crude extracts of either M. aeruginosa or L. wollei toward the immune system of Elliptio complanata mussels. Freshly isolated hemolymph was plated and exposed to the crude extract of each species at LYNGTX or MCYST equivalent concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 μg/L for 18 h. Immunocompetence was characterized by following changes in hemocyte numbers, metabolic activity (viability), and phagocytosis. Hemocyte counts were not affected, indicating no turnover of hemocytes. Hemocyte metabolic activity was higher in cells exposed to crude extracts of L. wollei. Exposure to L. wollei extracts led to decreased pro-inflammatory precursors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) activities. Phagocytosis increased at 25 μg/L for both types of crude extracts. However, hemocytes exposed to crude extracts of M. aeruginosa produced more ROS and COX compared to hemocytes exposed to crude extracts of L. wollei. In conclusion, the data suggest that the crude extract of M. aeruginosa was more toxic than crude extract of L. wollei to mussel hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malorie Gélinas
- Emerging Methods Section, Environment Canada, 105 McGill St., Montreal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada,
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Gillis PL, Gagné F, McInnis R, Hooey TM, Choy ES, André C, Hoque ME, Metcalfe CD. The impact of municipal wastewater effluent on field-deployed freshwater mussels in the Grand River (Ontario, Canada). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:134-143. [PMID: 24115239 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To examine effects of municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) on sentinel organisms, the authors deployed caged freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) in the Grand River (ON, Canada) upstream and downstream of an MWWE outfall. Passive sampling devices were deployed alongside caged mussels to confirm exposure. Biomarkers of xenobiotic biotransformation, oxidative stress, estrogenicity, and immunomodulation were investigated. Elevated concentrations of selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and a natural estrogen (estrone) were found at the downstream sites. Mussels caged downstream of the effluent for 2 wk showed minimal evidence of exposure, while those deployed for 4 wk exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, demonstrating that MWWE-exposed mussels exhibit increased activity in xenobiotic conjugation and oxidative stress. With respect to immune responses, a significant increase in plasma lysozyme activity and hemocyte viability was observed in MWWE-exposed mussels. Vitellogenin (vtg)-like protein in male mussels showed a trend toward induction after 4 wk of deployment at the first downstream site, but mean levels were not significantly different. Discriminant function analysis indicated that mussels deployed for 4 wk upstream and downstream of the MWWE discharge could be discriminated on the basis of LPO, GST, plasma lysozyme, and vtg responses. The physiological stress observed in caged mussels indicates that wild mussels chronically exposed to MWWE in this ecosystem would also be negatively impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science & Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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Gélinas M, Fortier M, Lajeunesse A, Fournier M, Gagnon C, Gagné F. Energy status and immune system alterations in Elliptio complanata after ingestion of cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:457-468. [PMID: 23354932 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-1039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have often been described as nutritionally poor for herbivorous organisms. To gain additional information on the potential impacts of invertebrates feeding on cyanobacteria, we fed Elliptio complanata mussels with two types of algae: Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacteria) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green algae). Physiological parameters were examined at the energy status, immune system and oxidative stress levels. Energy status was examined by following the rate of electron transport activity in mitochondria (a measure of cellular energy expense) and lipid/sugar stores in the visceral mass. The cyanobacteria were not actively producing toxins. Based on the digestive gland index, the mussels fed equally on either regime. However, the energy status in mussels fed A. flos-aquae revealed that the total sugar was lower in the digestive gland, whereas mitochondrial electron transport activity (MET), once corrected against the digestive gland somatic index, showed increased energy expenses. Acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also higher in mussels fed with A. flos-aquae compared with mussels fed with P. subcapitata. LPO was correlated by mitochondrial activity in both the digestive gland and gills, suggesting that oxidative stress resulted from metabolic respiration. Immunocompetence (phagocytic activity, natural killer cell-like activity, haemocyte count and viability) and humoral level of lysozyme were not affected in mussels by the algae or cyanobacteria regime. Moreover, the xenobiotic conjugating enzyme, glutathione S-transferase, hemoprotein oxidase and vitellogenin-like proteins were not affected in mussel organs via ingestion of A. flos-aquae. Our study suggests that ingestion of cyanobacteria leads to increased energy expenses, oxidative stress and increased acetylcholine turnover in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malorie Gélinas
- Emerging Methods Section, Environment Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Gust M, Fortier M, Garric J, Fournier M, Gagné F. Immunotoxicity of surface waters contaminated by municipal effluents to the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:393-403. [PMID: 23021492 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of surface waters contaminated by a municipal effluent dispersion plume were examined in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails were exposed to surface waters where changes in hemocyte counts, viability, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced thiols and phagocytic activity were tracked following exposure periods of 3h and 3 and 7d. Changes in mRNA expression of some genes in the hemocytes were also assessed after 7d of exposure, as follows: genes coding for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPX), two isoforms of the nitric oxide synthetase (NOS1 and NOS2), molluscan defensive molecule (MDM), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF), and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). At the sites closest to the discharge point, exposure led to impaired hemocyte viability and intracellular thiol levels and also an increase of hemocyte count, ROS levels and phagocytosis. Phagocytosis and ROS levels in hemocytes were correlated with heterotrophic bacterial counts in snails. We found four genes with increased mRNA expression as a response to exposure of municipal wastewaters: TLR4 (6-fold), HSP70 (2-fold), SeGPx (4-fold) and CAT (2-fold). Immunocompetence responses were analyzed by canonical analysis to seek out relationships with mRNA expression of the genes involved in stress, pattern recognition, cellular and humoral responses. The data revealed that genes involved in oxidative stress were strongly involved with immunocompetence and that the resulting immune responses were influenced both by the bacterial and pollutant loadings of the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Lyon, France.
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Gust M, Gélinas M, Fortier M, Fournier M, Gagné F. In vitro immunotoxicity of environmentally representative antibiotics to the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 169:50-58. [PMID: 22683480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The separate and combined in vitro toxic effects of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazole and trimethoprim) commonly found in urban wastewater effluents were assessed on the immune parameters of Elliptio complanata at environmentally relevant concentrations. The observed responses were then compared to those produced by the physicochemical-treated wastewater effluent of a major city before and after the removal of microorganisms. Most of the selected antibiotics, separately and as mixture, induced changes in immune responses. The removal of microorganisms and fine particles from the effluent increased or decreased the resulting immunotoxic effects, depending of the observed parameter. The immunotoxic effects of erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were closely associated to the antibiotic mixture and the filtered effluent. In conclusion, the data revealed that the removal of fine particles and microorganisms from municipal effluents can alter the toxic nature of the effluent that is closely associated with the cumulative effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- Fluvial Ecosystem Research, Environment Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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