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Bezerra MF, Barrios-Rodriguez CA, Rezende CE, López-Castro MC, Lacerda LD. Trophic ecology of sympatric sea turtles in the tropical Atlantic coast of Brazil. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106406. [PMID: 38377937 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The Tropical Atlantic coast of Brazil is a hotspot area for multiple sea turtle species at all life stages. The multiple nearshore reefs and beaches, oceanic islands, and the only atoll in the south Atlantic Ocean, are suitable for year-round foraging, migration corridors, and nesting activities of five sea turtle species. Still, relatively few studies have assessed trophic niche among sympatric sea turtles which can provide a better understanding of how closely related species compete/partition the available resources. Using multiple biogeochemical tracers (i.e., nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes, and mercury (Hg)), we disentangled the trophic niches of four sea turtle species - the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), the loggerhead turtle (Caretta), the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), and the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) - co-occurring in nesting and foraging habitats along the northeastern coast of Brazil. We found interspecific differences in isotopic and contamination niches, as well as intraspecific niche variation associated with life stage. Differences in the estimation niche models associated to life-stage in C. caretta support the notion of ontogenetic shift in habitat and diet composition previously reported for this species. Oceanic habitat signatures were observed in juvenile green turtles and adult olive turtles, while nearshore habitat signatures were observed in adult hawksbill turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises F Bezerra
- Universidade Federal Do Ceará - Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR-UFC). Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Cesar A Barrios-Rodriguez
- Universidade Federal Do Ceará - Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR-UFC). Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Rezende
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz D Lacerda
- Universidade Federal Do Ceará - Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR-UFC). Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Molina A, Duque G, Cogua P. Effect of environmental variables on mercury accumulation in sediments of an anthropogenically impacted tropical estuary (Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1316. [PMID: 37833421 PMCID: PMC10575815 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are the main entry areas of mercury to the marine environment and are important to understand the effect of this contaminant on marine organisms, since it accumulates in the sediments becoming available to enter the food trophic chain. This study aims to determine the environmental variables that mainly influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of total mercury accumulation in sediments of tropical estuaries. Sediment samples were collected from interior and exterior areas of the estuary during the dry and rainy seasons, representing the spatiotemporal gradients of the estuary. The grain size, organic matter content (OM), and total mercury concentration (THg) of the sediment samples were determined. In addition, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH of the water column associated with each sediment sample were assessed. The variations in environmental conditions, OM and THg in sediment were in accordance with a gradient which goes from conditions influenced by fresh water in the inner estuary to conditions influenced by sea water in the outer part of the estuary. The OM and THg in sediments presented similar variation patterns; they were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season and in the interior area of the estuary than in the exterior area. Despite the complex dynamic observed in the distribution and accumulation processes of mercury in sediments, these processes could be modeled from OM and salinity parameters. Due to the correlations found, in the process of accumulation of mercury in sediments the OM could represents the pathway of transport and accumulation of THg, and salinity could represent the influence of the hydroclimatic variations and environmental gradients of the estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Molina
- Grupo de investigación en Ecología y Contaminación Acuática, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Duque
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Palmira, Colombia.
| | - Pilar Cogua
- Universidad de Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Cali, Colombia
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Jeong H, Byeon E, Kim DH, Maszczyk P, Lee JS. Heavy metals and metalloid in aquatic invertebrates: A review of single/mixed forms, combination with other pollutants, and environmental factors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114959. [PMID: 37146547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloid occur naturally and are found throughout the Earth's crust but they are discharged into aquatic environments at high concentrations by human activities, increasing heavy metal pollution. HMs can bioaccumulate in higher organisms through the food web and consequently affect humans. In an aquatic environment, various HMs mixtures can be present. Furthermore, HMs adsorb on other environmental pollutants, such as microplastics and persistent organic pollutants, causing a synergistic or antagonistic effect on aquatic organisms. Therefore, to understand the biological and physiological effects of HMs on aquatic organisms, it is important to evaluate the effects of exposure to combinations of complex HM mixtures and/or pollutants and other environmental factors. Aquatic invertebrates occupy an important niche in the aquatic food chain as the main energy link between higher and lower organisms. The distribution of heavy metals and the resulting toxic effects in aquatic invertebrates have been extensively studied, but few reports have dealt with the relationship between HMs, pollutants, and environmental factors in biological systems with regard to biological availability and toxicity. This review describes the overall properties of individual HM and their effects on aquatic invertebrates and comprehensively reviews physiological and biochemical endpoints in aquatic invertebrates depending on interactions among HMs, other pollutants, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Butler ECV, Harries SJ, McAllister KA, Windsor JO, Logan M, Crook DA, Roberts BH, Grubert MA, Saunders TM. Influence of life history variation and habitat on mercury bioaccumulation in a high-order predatory fish in tropical Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113152. [PMID: 35341754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury distribution and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems of tropical Australia is poorly characterised. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a widespread high-order predator in both fresh and coastal marine waters of the region, fulfils requirements for a bio-indicator of mercury contamination. In a study of the Mary River system of the Northern Territory, total mercury in the muscle tissue of 300 specimens gathered over four years (2013-2017, across both wet and dry seasons) was determined by direct combustion-atomic absorption spectrometry. Source of nutrition and trophic position of barramundi in the food web was also estimated via carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), respectively, in tissue by stable isotope mass spectrometry, and determination of strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) in otoliths by laser ablation-ICPMS differentiated between freshwater and saltwater residence. Results showed that fish moving into freshwater floodplain wetlands concentrated mercury in muscle tissue at approximately twice the level of those that remained in saline habitats. Resolving life histories through otolith analyses demonstrated diversity in mercury bioaccumulation for individual fish of the same migratory contingent on the floodplains. Although trophic level (δ15N), capture location, source of nutrition (δ13C), and age or size partly predicted mercury concentrations in barramundi, our results suggest that individual variability in diets, migration patterns and potentially metabolism are also influential. Using a migratory fish as a bio-indicator, and tracking its life history and use of resources, proved valuable as a tool to discern hot spots in a coastal waterway for a contaminant, such as mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C V Butler
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Simon J Harries
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kirsty A McAllister
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jonathan O Windsor
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia; Department of Primary Industries, Narrandera Fisheries Centre, Narrandera, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brien H Roberts
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mark A Grubert
- Fisheries Division, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Thor M Saunders
- Fisheries Division, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
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Siau YF, Le DQ, Suratman S, Jaaman SA, Tanaka K, Kotaro S. Seasonal variation of total mercury transfer through a tropical mangrove food web, Setiu Wetlands. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111878. [PMID: 33341077 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in total mercury concentrations [Hg] and trophic transfer through the food web were assessed using stable isotopic tracers for the Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu. The [Hg] measured in surface sediments and biota varied inversely between wet and dry seasons. Increased rainfall and water disturbance during the wet season are suggested as the main factors releasing Hg from surface sediments and enhancing the bioavailability of Hg to biota. The elevated Hg levels associated with the leaf stage suggested that litterfall and atmospheric deposition may be the main Hg inputs into mangrove food webs. The positive relationships between log [Hg] and δ15N provided evidence for Hg biomagnification, however low trophic magnification slopes in both seasons indicated that the ecological risk of Hg in the wetland would be negligible. The [Hg] in fish and commercial crabs were below the permitted limits for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fui Siau
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Dung Quang Le
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Saifullah Arifin Jaaman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Shirai Kotaro
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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Kouame LBC, Bolou Bi EB, Aka N, Alphonse V, Goula BTA, Balland-Bolou-Bi C. Seasonality of Hg dynamics in the Ebrié Lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire) ecosystem: influence of biogeochemical factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19810-19825. [PMID: 32222920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the different biogeochemical parameters that control the dynamics of Hg, which is a less-studied metal in the Ebrié Lagoon. During two hydrological seasons, the dry season and the rainy season, we regularly sampled and analysed various compartments (e.g. sediments and fishes (Tilapia sp.)) of the lagoon. Thus, the physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (e.g. temperature, pH, salinity, redox potential and dissolved oxygen, total dissolved organic carbon, nitrates and sulphates), and the microbiological parameters (e.g. cultivable cells, total enzymatic activity and catabolic activity) were measured to establish the seasonal variations in the links between Hg and biogeochemical parameters through multivariate statistical analyses. The bioavailability of Hg from an unpolluted site was studied by comparing the ratios of fish and sediment. The results indicated that the seasons influenced the different biogeochemical factors, although for some factors, the variations were not significant. This influence was more pronounced in the dry season than in the rainy season. The impact of microbial activities and organic matter on Hg dynamics was observed in all seasons. However, other factors, such as pH, temperature, salinity, Eh and sulphates, influenced the dynamics of Hg only in the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Brou Cécile Kouame
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan, 02, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- UMR MA 102 Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Système Urbain, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Emile B Bolou Bi
- Département des Sciences du Sol, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières, 22 BP 582 Abidjan, 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Natchia Aka
- Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO), Laboratoire de Physique et Géologie Marine, B.P.V. 18, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- UMR MA 102 Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Système Urbain, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Bi Tié Albert Goula
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan, 02, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Clarisse Balland-Bolou-Bi
- UMR MA 102 Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Système Urbain, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
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Rahman MM, Shehzad MT, Nayak AK, Sharma S, Yeasmin M, Samanta S, Correll R, Naidu R. Health risks from trace elements in muscles of some commonly available fish in Australia and India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21000-21012. [PMID: 32253697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The levels of trace elements (As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn and Zn) in commercially important fish species sampled from fish markets of Adelaide, Australia; canned fish from South Australian supermarkets; and fish markets of West Bengal, India were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. Mercury was determined by using triple quadrupole ICP-MS. The accuracy of the methods was assessed with a certified standard reference material (NRCC-DORM-3 dogfish protein), and the results were compared with values reported in the literature. The results indicated considerable variations in the accumulation of trace elements among the fish species. The relationship between species with respect to trace element concentrations was examined using cluster analysis, which showed Indian fish species forming distinct groups from the others. Other than As in sardines, whiting and snapper and Hg in swordfish and snapper, the trace element concentrations were within permissible limits recommended by various standards. Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI), fish samples analysed in this study can be considered safe for human consumption as per the recommended daily dietary allowance limit fixed by various agencies. Continuous monitoring and assessments of fish metal(loid) content are needed to generate more data and safeguard human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Tahir Shehzad
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amaresh Kumar Nayak
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Marjana Yeasmin
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Srikanta Samanta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Ray Correll
- Rho Environmetrics, Highgate, SA, 5063, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Wolswijk G, Satyanarayana B, Dung LQ, Siau YF, Ali ANB, Saliu IS, Fisol MAB, Gonnelli C, Dahdouh-Guebas F. Distribution of mercury in sediments, plant and animal tissues in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121665. [PMID: 31784131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Charcoal production activities at the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) in Peninsular Malaysia have a potential to emit volatile compounds such as Hg back into the ambient environment, raising concerns on the public health and safety. The present study was aimed at analyzing Hg concentration from different plant/animal tissues and sediment samples (in total 786 samples) to understand clearly the Hg distribution at the MMFR. Leaves of Rhizophora spp. showed higher Hg concentration with an increasing trend from young, to mature, to senescent and decomposing stages, which was possibly due to accumulation of Hg over time. The low Hg concentration in Rhizophora roots and bark suggests a limited absorption from the sediments and a meagre accumulation/partitioning by the plant tissue, respectively. In the case of mangrove cockles the concentration of Hg was lower than the permissible limits for seafood consumption. Although the mangrove gastropod - Cassidula aurisfelis Bruguière had rather elevated Hg in the muscle tissue, it is still less than the environmental safely limit. Beside the chances of atmospheric deposition for Hg, the sediment samples were found to be unpolluted in nature, indicating that in general the MMFR is still safe in terms of Hg pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Wolswijk
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Department of Organism Biology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Behara Satyanarayana
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Department of Organism Biology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Mangrove Research Unit (MARU), Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Le Quang Dung
- Mangrove Research Unit (MARU), Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yin Fui Siau
- Mangrove Research Unit (MARU), Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazila Bin Ali
- Mangrove Research Unit (MARU), Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Sunkanmi Saliu
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Department of Organism Biology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Amir Bin Fisol
- Mangrove Research Unit (MARU), Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Firenze (UNIFI), Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Department of Organism Biology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratory of General Botany and Nature Management, Biocomplexity Research Focus, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Campus Oefenplein, VUB-APNA-WE Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Gamboa-García DE, Duque G, Cogua P, Marrugo-Negrete JL. Mercury dynamics in macroinvertebrates in relation to environmental factors in a highly impacted tropical estuary: Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4044-4057. [PMID: 31823264 PMCID: PMC7024058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The environmental health of Buenaventura Bay, a highly impacted tropical estuary, is influenced by numerous human activities, including mining upstream. Large- and small-scale fishing plays an important role in the local economy, so we investigated the dynamic processes of bioaccumulation of mercury at basal trophic levels. Four samples were taken at each of the four locations in Buenaventura Bay during each of the four seasons of 2015. We measured the total mercury content (T-Hg, dry weight) in sediments and in muscle tissue across 17 macroinvertebrate species. The most abundant were the blue crab (C. arcuatus) and the mantis shrimp (S. aculeata aculeata). Blue crab showed an average muscle T-Hg value exceeding the limit of 0.2 g·g-1, which is the maximum T-Hg level suggested for food consumption by vulnerable humans and populations: pregnant women, children, and the community that feeds from this source of protein on a daily basis. It was found that, 6.22% of individuals exceeded the 0.5 g·g-1 level, which is the maximum T-Hg level suggested for food consumption by the general population: the population that consumes it sporadically. Significantly high values of T-Hg in blue crab and mantis shrimp occurred during low salinity conditions in the estuary, suggesting that Hg mainly originates from river runoff during the rainy season. Nevertheless, the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) was favored in high salinity, which could mean greater availability of Hg for higher levels of the estuarine food web in the dry season and in marine waters. In general, the T-Hg levels in some samples exceeded 0.2 g·g-1. Therefore this pollutant must be monitored due to its biomagnification potential and as a threat to human health, especially that for the local population of fishermen and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo Duque
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia.
| | - Pilar Cogua
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia.
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Maury-Brachet R, Gentes S, Dassié EP, Feurtet-Mazel A, Vigouroux R, Laperche V, Gonzalez P, Hanquiez V, Mesmer-Dudons N, Durrieu G, Legeay A. Mercury contamination levels in the bioindicator piscivorous fish Hoplias aïmara in French Guiana rivers: mapping for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3624-3636. [PMID: 30610584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In French Guiana, native populations present high level of mercury contamination, which has been linked to the consumption of contaminated fishes. The goal of this study is to undertake a cartography of mercury contamination levels in fishes from the six main Guiana rivers. The selected species for this study is the ubiquitous piscivorous fish Hoplias aimara. A total number of 575 fishes from 134 discrete fishing sites are regrouped into 51 river sectors. Results from this study permits to rank the six main Guiana rivers by their mean level of contamination: Oyapock (0.548 mg kg-1), Comté (0.624 mg kg-1), Maroni (0.671 mg kg-1), Approuague (0.684 mg kg-1), Mana (0.675 mg kg-1), and Sinnamary (1.025 mg kg-1). The contamination is however not spatially homogenous along each river, and a map of the different levels of mercury contamination in fishes is provided. Sectors of low mean Hg contamination are observed both upstream (0.471 mg kg-1) and downstream (0.424 mg kg-1), corresponding to areas without any influence of gold mining activities and areas under the influence of estuarine dilution, respectively. Anoxia and gold mining activities are found to be the two main factors responsible for the high mercury concentration in fish muscles. While mean levels of mercury contaminations are higher in anoxia areas (1.029 mg kg-1), contaminations induced by gold mining activities (0.717 mg kg-1) present the most harmful consequences to human populations. No significant differences in Hg concentrations are observed between 2005 and 2014 for neither a pristine nor a gold mining area, while Hg concentration differences are observed between former (0.550 mg kg-1) and current gold mining sites (0.717 mg kg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Régine Maury-Brachet
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Sophie Gentes
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Emilie P Dassié
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Agnès Feurtet-Mazel
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | | | - Valérie Laperche
- French Geological Survey, Laboratoire d'Environnement et d'Écotechnologies, Orléans, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Vincent Hanquiez
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Gilles Durrieu
- Université de Bretagne Sud, LMBA UMR 6205, Lorient, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, Station Marine, Place du Docteur Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
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Toxicity and Organ Distribution of Mercury in Freshwater Fish ( Oreochromis niloticus) after Exposure to Water Contaminated Mercury (HgII). TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7040058. [PMID: 31752384 PMCID: PMC6958402 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and the distribution of mercury (Hg) in the main tissues of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to water containing Hg(II). A sample group of 10 fish, of mean weight 80–100 g wet weight, were exposed to different concentrations of Hg (0.0012; 0.0049; 0.0141; 0.0524; 0.1126; and 0.5110 mg-HgII/L) for 72 h under controlled conditions using the static method in ponds. A control medium was also prepared in two replications. Mortality of fish was closely monitored, and the test was repeated three times. For the toxicity test, observations were based on behavior, mortality, and anatomical pathology. The methodology was based on the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals and lethal concentration (LC50) and particularly using the probit method. Thus, the mean value was obtained from two replications and then further calculated by a software (MiniTab® 16 version). Prior to analysis, samples were first lyophilized. The total concentration of Hg accumulation in the fish organs was analyzed using heat-vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (HV-AAS) and a MA2000 automatic mercury analyzer. Results showed that toxicity (LC50) of freshwater fish was 0.1435 mg-Hg(II)/L. The internal organs showed some pathological changes including pale gills, anemic eyes, and a whitish body color after the exposure. Furthermore, histopathologically, exposure to mercury might also affect other organs, such as gills, liver, and hepatopancreas. Mercury was found in trace amounts, and its accumulation was found to be at least in the gills. Meanwhile, the highest accumulation was found in the muscle tissue with approximately 5.7183 µg/g dry weight. If they are put in order, the mercury accumulation in the tissue organs was varied from the highest to lowest one: Muscle > eye > bone > head > gill. Finally, it can be concluded that the Hg exposure could affect the histopathological condition of the tested fish.
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Araújo PRM, Biondi CM, do Nascimento CWA, da Silva FBV, Alvarez AM. Bioavailability and sequential extraction of mercury in soils and organisms of a mangrove contaminated by a chlor-alkali plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109469. [PMID: 31376803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Botafogo river estuary poses the highest Hg concentration reported for mangrove soils in Brazil. Such high contamination took place owing to the improper waste disposal for 24 years from a chlor-alkali plant nearby the estuary. Here we determined Hg concentrations in soils, mangrove plants (Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa), and an aquatic organism (the oyster species Crassostrea rhizophorae) to assess Hg bioavailability. Besides, a sequential extraction procedure was used to separate soil Hg into five fractions: water-soluble; 'human stomach acid' soluble; organically bound; elemental Hg; mercuric sulfide. Results showed that environmentally available concentration of Hg in the mangrove soils were up to 150-fold higher than a pristine mangrove under the same geological context used as a reference. Additionally, Hg concentration in soils was also above sediment quality guidelines and Hg adverse effects towards sensitive estuarine organisms are likely. Mercury concentrations in oysters were the highest reported in Brazil, but within safety standards according to the country food security agency. It seems that Hg stocks in the studied soils are governed by organic matter and redox conditions, but changing on environmental conditions and land use can alter this balance and convert these mangrove areas from sink to source of Hg to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Renata Muniz Araújo
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Miranda Biondi
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo Montero Alvarez
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Buck DG, Evers DC, Adams E, DiGangi J, Beeler B, Samánek J, Petrlik J, Turnquist MA, Speranskaya O, Regan K, Johnson S. A global-scale assessment of fish mercury concentrations and the identification of biological hotspots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:956-966. [PMID: 31412499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present data on a rapid assessment of fish Hg concentrations from 40 different waterbodies in 26 countries that includes data on 451 fish of 92 species. Significant differences in fish Hg concentrations were observed across fish foraging guilds and in general, higher trophic level fish (i.e., piscivores and carnivores) showed the highest mean total Hg (THg) concentrations. However, elevated THg concentrations observed in a lower trophic level, detrivorous species highlights the importance of understanding Hg concentrations across a wide range of trophic levels, and also characterizing site-specific processes that influence methylmercury (MeHg) bioavailability. A linear mixed effects model was used to evaluate the effects of length, trophic level, sampling location, and taxonomy on THg concentrations. A positive, significant relationship between THg in fish and fish size, trophic level, and latitude of the sampling site was observed. A comparison of Hg concentrations across all sites identifies biological mercury hotspots, as well as sites with reduced Hg concentrations relative to our overall sampling population mean Hg concentration. Results from this study highlight the value of rapid assessments on the availability of methylmercury in the environment using fish as bioindicators and the need for expanded biomonitoring efforts in understudied regions of the world. This study also provides insights for the future design and implementation of large-scale Hg biomonitoring efforts intended to evaluate the effectiveness of future Hg reduction strategies instituted by the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Buck
- Shoals Marine Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA.
| | - David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | - Evan Adams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | | | - Bjorn Beeler
- IPEN, Första Långgatan 18, 413 28 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan Samánek
- Arnika Association, Chlumova 17, Prague 3 130 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Petrlik
- Arnika Association, Chlumova 17, Prague 3 130 00, Czech Republic
| | - Madeline A Turnquist
- The Intelligence Group LLC, 443 North Franklin St., Suite 220, Syracuse, NY 13204, USA
| | - Olga Speranskaya
- Eco-Accord Center for Environment and Sustainable Development, P.O. Box 43, Moscow 129090, Kuusinena Str. 21 B, Russia
| | - Kevin Regan
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA
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14
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Albuquerque PTF, Frédou T, Arruda GN, Filho CAS, Nascimento AF, da Silva MJ, De França EJ. Tracking Hg historical inputs by Pb-210 geochronology for the Itapessoca Estuarine Complex, Pernambuco, Brazil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Hatje V, Andrade RLB, Jesus RM, Masqué P, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, de Andrade JB, Santos ACSS. Historical records of mercury deposition in dated sediment cores reveal the impacts of the legacy and present-day human activities in Todos os Santos Bay, Northeast Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:396-406. [PMID: 31590802 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We determined depth profiles of total mercury (T-Hg) in six 210Pb-dated sediment cores from Todos os Santos Bay to reconstruct the history of anthropogenic Hg accumulation. We also assessed superficial sediments samples from five estuaries. T-Hg concentrations (5-3500 μg kg-1) presented a large spatial and temporal variability. T-Hg concentrations in Ribeira Bay increased up to 200-fold along time, whereas the fluxes of T-Hg are substantially higher (up to 10,000 fold) than present-day wet deposition for industrialized areas. Sedimentary records indicate that a chlor-alkali plant has been the main source of Hg pollution until the present, although the T-Hg records suggest that harbor, shrimp farming, and oil refinery activities, besides Hg atmospheric depositions, are important across the bay. Sediments in the Ribeira Bay act as an important Hg sink. If sediments are eroded or disturbed, they may release Hg, thus posing a serious risk to wildlife and ecosystem health. CAPSULE: Sedimentary cores provide data on preindustrial levels and also anthropogenic fluxes of Hg for the appraisal of the magnitude, processes and potential risks of the contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hatje
- CIEnAm & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - R L B Andrade
- CIEnAm & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R M Jesus
- CIEnAm & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - P Masqué
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; Departament de Física, Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - J B de Andrade
- CIEnAm & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil; SENAI-CIMATEC University Center, 41650-010 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A C S S Santos
- CIEnAm & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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16
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Raj D, Maiti SK. Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements in tree and vegetable species with associated health and ecological risks: a case study from a thermal power plant, Chandrapura, India. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Calle P, Monserrate L, Medina F, Calle Delgado M, Tirapé A, Montiel M, Ruiz Barzola O, Cadena OA, Dominguez GA, Alava JJ. Mercury assessment, macrobenthos diversity and environmental quality conditions in the Salado Estuary (Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador) impacted by anthropogenic influences. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:365-373. [PMID: 30509818 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water and sediment quality, macrobenthos diversity and mercury levels were assessed in the Salado Estuary, Gulf of Guayaquil (Ecuador) during 2008, 2009 and 2014. Severe hypoxia, anoxia and large fluctuations of salinity occurred in an impacted sector within Guayaquil city relative to a mangrove area within the Salado Mangroves Faunal Production Reserve. Significant inter-site and temporal differences were observed for dissolved oxygen, salinity, total dissolved solids, percentage of silts and clays, and species diversity. Macrobenthos' species richness for both sectors was greater during 2008. Sediments revealed high concentrations of total mercury (THg) (1.20-2.76 mg kg-1 dw), exceeding Ecuador's SQG (0.1 mg kg-1 dw). Sediment THg were significantly lower in 2014 than 2008/09. Biota sediment sccumulation factor values for mussels (3.0 to 34), indicate high bioaccumulation potential from mercury-contaminated sediments. This work highlights the need to develop stronger environmental policies to protect the Salado Estuary from anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Calle
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Lorena Monserrate
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador; ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Medina
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Madeleine Calle Delgado
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ana Tirapé
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Marynes Montiel
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz Barzola
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Omar Alvarado Cadena
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo A Dominguez
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Juan José Alava
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Y. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Charles T. Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
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19
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Becker DJ, Chumchal MM, Broders HG, Korstian JM, Clare EL, Rainwater TR, Platt SG, Simmons NB, Fenton MB. Mercury bioaccumulation in bats reflects dietary connectivity to aquatic food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:1076-1085. [PMID: 29042136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent and widespread heavy metal with neurotoxic effects in wildlife. While bioaccumulation of Hg has historically been studied in aquatic food webs, terrestrial consumers can become contaminated with Hg when they feed on aquatic organisms (e.g., emergent aquatic insects, fish, and amphibians). However, the extent to which dietary connectivity to aquatic ecosystems can explain patterns of Hg bioaccumulation in terrestrial consumers has not been well studied. Bats (Order: Chiroptera) can serve as a model system for illuminating the trophic transfer of Hg given their high dietary diversity and foraging links to both aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Here we quantitatively characterize the dietary correlates of long-term exposure to Hg across a diverse local assemblage of bats in Belize and more globally across bat species from around the world with a comparative analysis of hair samples. Our data demonstrate considerable interspecific variation in hair total Hg concentrations in bats that span three orders of magnitude across species, ranging from 0.04 mg/kg in frugivorous bats (Artibeus spp.) to 145.27 mg/kg in the piscivorous Noctilio leporinus. Hg concentrations showed strong phylogenetic signal and were best explained by dietary connectivity of bat species to aquatic food webs. Our results highlight that phylogeny can be predictive of Hg concentrations through similarity in diet and how interspecific variation in feeding strategies influences chronic exposure to Hg and enables movement of contaminants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Becker
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - Matthew M Chumchal
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Hugh G Broders
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Korstian
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Rainwater
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, United States
| | - Steven G Platt
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Program, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Thomas B, Howe PL, Male Y, Clark MW. Characterisation of artisanal mine waste on Buru Island, Indonesia and toxicity to the brittle star Amphipholis squamata. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:171-179. [PMID: 28934657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) using mercury (Hg) amalgamation commenced on Buru Island, Indonesia, in 2012, but was halted in 2015 due to concerns of widespread Hg contamination. Much of the Hg used in the mining process is lost to trommel waste which is disposed of in settlement ponds that drain into adjacent waterways and into Kayeli Bay. Several thousand unmanaged trommel sites and associated tailing ponds exist on Buru Island. This study shows that waste from the Marloso trommel at the Gogrea site contained 203 mg/kg total Hg (THg), with a negligible proportion present as bioavailable methyl Hg (MeHg) and a low total organic carbon content. There are currently very few tools available for ecotoxicological risk assessment of mine tailings for tropical marine ecosystems, and we support the development of Tailings Toxicity Tests (TTTs) and describe laboratory toxicity test methods using the cosmopolitan benthic echinoderm Amphipholis squamata. Undiluted trommel waste caused 100% mortality of A. squamata within 48 h, and a 96-h LC50 of 6.7% w/w trommel waste (4 mg/kg THg) was estimated. Sub-lethal effects on the water vascular system of the brittle star were assessed by quantification of the Ability to Right Itself (ARI), and a 48-h EC50 of 7.3% w/w trommel waste (14.4 mg/kg THg) was estimated. The results show that trommel waste produced on Buru Island is highly contaminated with THg and is acutely toxic, raising serious concern for receiving ecosystems where Hg methylation to more toxic and bioavailable forms is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bernard Thomas
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Pelli L Howe
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Yusthinus Male
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Malcolm W Clark
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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21
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Zhang LJ, Li Y, Chen P, Li XM, Chen YG, Hang YY, Gong WJ. A study of genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by mercuric chloride in the marine polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:361-365. [PMID: 29126054 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The marine polychaete worm Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to study the genotoxic effects of mercuric chloride by means of the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. P. aibuhitensis was subjected in vivo to two different concentrations of mercuric chloride (0.05mgL-1 and 0.5mgL-1) for 96h. The comet assay of coelomocytes demonstrated that TailDNA% values increased with extended exposure to or increased concentrations of HgCl2 (p<0.01). The frequency of MNs was the highest in the treatment with 96h of exposure at all concentrations (p<0.01). The genotoxic effect of HgCl2 was both dose- and time-dependent in exposed P. aibuhitensis. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) were also estimated. Significant variations in antioxidant enzyme activities depended on the sampling time and the concentrations of mercuric chloride. Compared with the control, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) were elevated at the lower concentration of mercuric chloride (0.05mg L-1) (p<0.05) for shorter exposure periods (24h and 72h). At the higher concentration of mercury (0.5mgL-1), the activities of GPx and SOD were inhibited; no variation was observed. These results proved that the use of the comet assay and MN test in coelomocytes of P. aibuhitensis is appropriate for determining the levels of DNA damage and that P. aibuhitensis is a species that is sensitive to mercury pollutants. This species may be considered a suitable candidate for monitoring marine heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Tropical Ocean College of Hainan, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Navigation College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Tropical Ocean College of Hainan, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiao Mei Li
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Tropical Ocean College of Hainan, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yong Gan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Tropical Ocean College of Hainan, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yu Yu Hang
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Tropical Ocean College of Hainan, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wei Jie Gong
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Tropical Ocean College of Hainan, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, China
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Bosch AC, O'Neill B, Kerwath SE, Sigge GO, Hoffman LC. Metal concentrations and toxicity in South African snoek (Thyrsites atun) and yellowtail (Seriola lalandi). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 122:360-365. [PMID: 28676172 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 16 metals were assessed in snoek(Thyrsites atun; n=20) and yellowtail (Seriola lalandi; n=37) sampled from the West and South-East coasts of South Africa. Variability was observed at both small (Al, Cr, Hg, Pb, Mn and Cu) and large (As and Cu) spatial scales while inter-specific examination revealed diverse metal concentrations in snoek (Higher levels: Cr, Mn, Co, Hg and Pb) and yellowtail (higher levels: Fe and Cu). Zn, As and Hg were positively correlated with yellowtail size with no such correlations in snoek. Mean concentrations of As (0.61mg·kg-1; 0.98mg·kg-1), Cd (0.008mg·kg-1; 0.004mg·kg-1), Hg (0.27mg·kg-1; 0.16mg·kg-1) and Pb (0.009mg·kg-1; 0.005mg·kg-1) for snoek and yellowtail respectively were within regulatory guidelines. However, 10% (n=2) of snoek exceeded Hg maximum allowable limit, suggesting caution and further investigation. Overall, two meals (150g) per week of snoek or larger yellowtail (12-15kg) can be safe for human (adult) consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina C Bosch
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Bernadette O'Neill
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Sven E Kerwath
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, South Africa
| | - Gunnar O Sigge
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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23
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Yadav IC, Linthoingambi Devi N, Li J, Syed JH, Zhang G, Watanabe H. Biomass burning in Indo-China peninsula and its impacts on regional air quality and global climate change-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:414-427. [PMID: 28486185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although, many biomass burning (BB) emissions products (particulate matter and trace gases) are believed to be trans-boundary pollutants that originates from India and China (the two most populous countries in Asia), the information about BB emission and related contents is limited for Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) region. This motivated us to review this region pertaining to BB emission. The main objective of the review is to document the current status of BB emission in ICP region. In order to highlight the impact of BB on regional air quality and global climate change, the role of BB emission in ICP region is also discussed. Based on the available literature and modeling simulations studies, it is evidenced that ICP is one of the hotspot regional source for aerosols in terms of BB emissions. In addition, regional emissions through BB have significant implications for regional air quality especially in the neighboring countries such as China, Taiwan and India. Our assessment highlight that there is still a general lack of reliable data and research studies addressing BB related issues in context of environmental and human health. There is therefore a critical need to improve the current knowledge base, which should build upon the research experience and further research into these issues is considered vital to help inform future policies/control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hirozumi Watanabe
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan
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24
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Okpala COR, Sardo G, Vitale S, Bono G, Arukwe A. Hazardous properties and toxicological update of mercury: From fish food to human health safety perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1986-2001. [PMID: 28394636 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1291491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mercury (Hg) poisoning of Minamata Bay of Japan widely activated a global attention to Hg toxicity and its potential consequences to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. This has resulted to an increased need for a dynamic assembly, contextualization, and quantification of both the current state-of-the-art and approaches for understanding the cause-and-effect relationships of Hg exposure. Thus, the objective of this present review is to provide both hazardous toxic properties and toxicological update of Hg, focusing on how it ultimately affects the aquatic biota to potentially produce human health effects. Primarily, we discussed processes that relate to Hg exposure, including immunological aspects and risk assessment, vulnerability, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics, using edible fish, swordfish (Xiphias gladius), as a model. In addition, we summarized available information about Hg concentration limits set by different governmental agencies, as recognized by national and international standardization authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- a Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAMC-CNR) , Mazara del Vallo , Italy
| | - Giacomo Sardo
- a Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAMC-CNR) , Mazara del Vallo , Italy
| | - Sergio Vitale
- a Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAMC-CNR) , Mazara del Vallo , Italy
| | - Gioacchino Bono
- a Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAMC-CNR) , Mazara del Vallo , Italy
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- b Department of Biology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
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25
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Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Stone J, Howe P, Thomas B, Clark M, Male Y, Nanlohy A, Butcher P. Geochemistry and mercury contamination in receiving environments of artisanal mining wastes and identified concerns for food safety. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:407-418. [PMID: 27471051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) using mercury (Hg) amalgamation has been occurring on Buru Island, Indonesia since early 2012, and has caused rapid accumulation of high Hg concentrations in river, estuary and marine sediments. In this study, sediment samples were collected from several sites downstream of the Mount Botak ASGM site, as well as in the vicinity of the more recently established site at Gogrea where no sampling had previously been completed. All sediment samples had total Hg (THg) concentrations exceeding Indonesian sediment quality guidelines and were up to 82 times this limit at one estuary site. The geochemistry of sediments in receiving environments indicates the potential for Hg-methylation to form highly bioavailable Hg species. To assess the current contamination threat from consumption of local seafood, samples of fish, molluscs and crustaceans were collected from the Namlea fish market and analysed for THg concentrations. The majority of edible tissue samples had elevated THg concentrations, which raises concerns for food safety. This study shows that river, estuary and marine ecosystems downstream of ASGM operations on Buru Island are exposed to dangerously high Hg concentrations, which are impacting aquatic food chains, and fisheries resources. Considering the high dietary dependence on marine protein in the associated community and across the Mollucas Province, and the short time period since ASGM operations commenced in this region, the results warrant urgent further investigation, risk mitigation, and community education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jane Stone
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Pelli Howe
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernard Thomas
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm Clark
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Yusthinus Male
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Albert Nanlohy
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Paul Butcher
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia; NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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26
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Evers DC, Keane SE, Basu N, Buck D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury: Principles and recommendations for next steps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:888-903. [PMID: 27425440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a multilateral environmental agreement that obligates Parties to reduce or control sources of mercury pollution in order to protect human health and the environment. The Convention includes provisions on providing technical assistance and capacity building, particularly for developing countries and countries with economies in transition, to promote its effective implementation. Evaluating the effectiveness of the Convention (as required by Article 22) is a crucial component to ensure that it meets this objective. We describe an approach to measure effectiveness, which includes a suite of short-, medium-, and long-term metrics related to five major mercury control Articles in the Convention, as well as metrics derived from monitoring of mercury in the environment using select bioindicators, including people. The use of existing biotic Hg data will define spatial gradients (e.g., biological mercury hotspots), baselines to develop relevant temporal trends, and an ability to assess risk to taxa and human communities of greatest concern. We also recommend the development of a technical document that describes monitoring options for the Conference of Parties, to provide science-based standardized guidelines for collecting relevant monitoring information, as guided by Article 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA.
| | | | | | - David Buck
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
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27
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Fostier AH, do N Costa F, Korn MDGA. Assessment of mercury contamination based on mercury distribution in sediment, macroalgae, and seagrass in the Todos os Santos bay, Bahia, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19686-19695. [PMID: 27402254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Todos os Santos bay (TSB) is the second largest Brazilian bay. Despite the large number of potential anthropogenic sources of mercury (Hg) in the bay, data on this element in this marine environment are very scarce. Total Hg concentrations were therefore determined in sediment, macroalgae, and seagrass species collected during dry and rainy seasons, from eight locations. In ~45 % of the sediment samples, Hg concentration was two to four times higher than the upper value considered the regional Hg background (15 μg kg(-1)). Geoaccumulation index indicated that Hg contamination was at none to heavily contaminated. In Padina sp., Caulerpa sp., Hypnea sp., and Halodule wrigthii, Hg concentrations ranged from 10.61-297.61, 15.59-74.50, 12.84-158.03, and 4.02-67.25 μg kg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Fostier
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda do N Costa
- Group of Research in Analytical Chemistry (GPQA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Campus of Ondina, P.O. Box 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças A Korn
- Group of Research in Analytical Chemistry (GPQA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Campus of Ondina, P.O. Box 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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28
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Blaber SJM, Barletta M. A review of estuarine fish research in South America: what has been achieved and what is the future for sustainability and conservation? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:537-568. [PMID: 26864605 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine fish research in South America began in the early 20th Century, but it is only within the last 40 years that detailed studies have been undertaken. This review firstly summarizes research results from South American estuaries by geographic area, starting with the temperate south-east, then the temperate-sub-tropical transition zone in Brazil, then the semi-arid and tropical estuaries of north and north-east Brazil including the Amazon complex, then the north and Caribbean coasts and finally down the Pacific coast of the continent. They include almost all types of estuarine systems, from large open systems (e.g. the temperate Rio de La Plata and tropical Amazon) to extensive coastal lakes (e.g. the temperate Patos Lagoon and tropical Cienega Grande de Santa Marta). They encompass a broad range of climatic and vegetation types, from saltmarsh systems in the south-east and fjords in the south-west to both arid and humid tropical systems, dominated by mangroves in the north. Their tidal regimes range from microtidal (e.g. Mar Chiquita, Argentina) through mesotidal (e.g. Goiana, Brazil) to macrotidal in the Amazon complex where they can exceed 7 m. The review uses where possible the recent standardization of estuarine fish categories and guilds, but the ways that fishes use tropical South American systems may necessitate further refinements of the categories and guilds, particularly in relation to freshwater fishes, notably the Siluriformes, which dominate many north and north-east South American systems. The extent to which South American studies contribute to discussions and paradigms of connectivity and estuarine dependence is summarized, but work on these topics has only just begun. The anthropogenic issue of pollution, particularly in relation to heavy metals and fishes and fisheries in estuaries is more advanced, but the possible effects of climate change have barely been addressed. Studies around conservation and management are briefly reviewed and the extent to which key factors are being addressed is examined. Although there have been major advances in knowledge of estuarine fishes in South America, information is patchy, with most data from relatively few systems in Argentina and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J M Blaber
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, G. P. O. Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - M Barletta
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystem, Departamento de Oceanografia, UFPE, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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29
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Costa MF, Barletta M. Special challenges in the conservation of fishes and aquatic environments of South America. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:4-11. [PMID: 27225985 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In South America, the conservation of natural resources, particularly in relation to water and aquatic fauna, is an often-discussed issue. Unfortunately, there is still a large gap between thoughts and action. Scientists from different countries of the continent have however, produced a significant body of literature that should finally become the basis of emerging managerial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Costa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia da UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - M Barletta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia da UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP, 50740-550, Brazil
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30
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Bosch AC, O'Neill B, Sigge GO, Kerwath SE, Hoffman LC. Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:32-48. [PMID: 26238481 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The numerous health benefits provided by fish consumption may be compromised by the presence of toxic metals and metalloids such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury, which can have harmful effects on the human body if consumed in toxic quantities. The monitoring of metal concentrations in fish meat is therefore important to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and consequent consumer protection. The toxicity of these metals may be dependent on their chemical forms, which requires metal speciation processes for direct measurement of toxic metal species or the identification of prediction models in order to determine toxic metal forms from measured total metal concentrations. This review addresses various shortcomings in current knowledge and research on the accumulation of metal contaminants in commercially consumed marine fish globally and particularly in South Africa, affecting both the fishing industry as well as fish consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina C Bosch
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Bernadette O'Neill
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Gunnar O Sigge
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Sven E Kerwath
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012, South Africa
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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31
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Hansen AMK, Bryan CE, West K, Jensen BA. Trace Element Concentrations in Liver of 16 Species of Cetaceans Stranded on Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2013. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:75-95. [PMID: 26283019 PMCID: PMC4988065 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of anthropogenic contaminants on marine ecosystems are a concern worldwide. Anthropogenic activities can enrich trace elements in marine biota to concentrations that may negatively impact organism health. Exposure to elevated concentrations of trace elements is considered a contributing factor in marine mammal population declines. Hawai'i is an increasingly important geographic location for global monitoring, yet trace element concentrations have not been quantified in Hawaiian cetaceans, and there is little trace element data for Pacific cetaceans. This study measured trace elements (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb) in liver of 16 species of cetaceans that stranded on U.S. Pacific Islands from 1997 to 2013, using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) (n = 31), and direct mercury analysis atomic absorption spectrometry (DMA-AAS) (n = 43). Concentration ranges (μg/g wet mass fraction) for non-essential trace elements, such as Cd (0.0031-58.93) and Hg (0.0062-1571.75) were much greater than essential trace elements, such as Mn (0.590-17.31) and Zn (14.72-245.38). Differences were found among age classes in Cu, Zn, Hg, and Se concentrations. The highest concentrations of Se, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb were found in one adult female false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) at concentrations that are known to affect health in marine mammals. The results of this study establish initial trace element concentration ranges for Pacific cetaceans in the Hawaiian Islands region, provide insights into contaminant exposure of these marine mammals, and contribute to a greater understanding of anthropogenic impacts in the Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M K Hansen
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA
| | - Colleen E Bryan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - Kristi West
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA
| | - Brenda A Jensen
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA
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32
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Shanley JB, Engle MA, Scholl M, Krabbenhoft DP, Brunette R, Olson ML, Conroy ME. High Mercury Wet Deposition at a "Clean Air" Site in Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12474-12482. [PMID: 26368125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric mercury deposition measurements are rare in tropical latitudes. Here we report on seven years (April 2005 to April 2012, with gaps) of wet Hg deposition measurements at a tropical wet forest in the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, U.S. Despite receiving unpolluted air off the Atlantic Ocean from northeasterly trade winds, during two complete years the site averaged 27.9 μg m(-2) yr(-1) wet Hg deposition, or about 30% more than Florida and the Gulf Coast, the highest deposition areas within the U.S. These high Hg deposition rates are driven in part by high rainfall, which averaged 2855 mm yr(-1). The volume-weighted mean Hg concentration was 9.8 ng L(-1), and was highest during summer and lowest during the winter dry season. Rainout of Hg (decreasing concentration with increasing rainfall depth) was minimal. The high Hg deposition was not supported by gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) at ground level, which remained near global background concentrations (<10 pg m(-3)). Rather, a strong positive correlation between Hg concentrations and the maximum height of rain detected within clouds (echo tops) suggests that droplets in high convective cloud tops scavenge GOM from above the mixing layer. The high wet Hg deposition at this "clean air" site suggests that other tropical areas may be hotspots for Hg deposition as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Shanley
- U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 628, Montpelier, Vermont 05601, United States
| | - Mark A Engle
- U.S. Geological Survey, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Martha Scholl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | | | - Robert Brunette
- Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences Inc., Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
| | - Mark L Olson
- University of Illinois , Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Mary E Conroy
- University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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da Silva LCC, Infante CMC, de Prá Urio R, Cosentino IC, de Abreu Fantini MC, do Rosário Matos J, do Nascimento FH, Masini JC. Adsorption/Desorption of Hg(II) on FDU-1 Silica and FDU-1 Silica Modified with Humic Acid. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.983246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dantas DV, Barletta M, Costa MF. Feeding ecology and seasonal diet overlap between Stellifer brasiliensis and Stellifer stellifer in a tropical estuarine ecocline. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:707-733. [PMID: 25641268 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal freshwater discharge was important for defining habitat utilization by different ontogenetic phases of Stellifer brasiliensis and Stellifer stellifer along the estuarine ecocline. The middle estuary was important as a nursery and feeding ground for young-of-the-year, and a feeding ground for sub-adults and adults of both species. These species are zoobenthivorous, but during their life cycle and between different habitats and seasons, their trophic guild can change to opportunist and zooplanktivore. During the late rainy season in the lower estuary, all phases of both species, except juveniles of S. brasiliensis and adults of S. stellifer, showed a niche overlap indicating similarity in prey utilization. The diet composition was qualitatively similar, showing an evident niche overlap of intra and interspecific competition among the Stellifer spp. Although the niches of these species appeared to significantly overlap, some resource partitioning patterns were apparent. The niche overlap was significantly reduced due to the seasonal difference in habitat use and prey consumption along the ecocline of the estuary by different ontogenetic phases. The ingestion of blue nylon fragments by both species was observed and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Dantas
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystems, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M Barletta
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystems, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M F Costa
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystems, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Fielding R, Evans DW. Mercury in Caribbean dolphins (Stenella longirostris and Stenella frontalis) caught for human consumption off St. Vincent, West Indies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:30-34. [PMID: 25455368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The island of St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles supports an ongoing, legal cetacean hunt, which targets several species for human consumption. Little is known regarding the healthfulness and potential health risks of these foods in this setting. Following established methodologies we analyzed 39 raw muscle tissue samples and 38 raw blubber samples from two cetacean species for total mercury and methyl-mercury. We also analyzed samples of muscle tissue from an unknown cetacean species prepared for consumption. We report high concentrations of total mercury and methyl-mercury in these tissues as compared to published data for other seafood products. Further, our findings indicate that the traditional preparation method most often used locally in St. Vincent yields a finished food product with a much higher mercury concentration than the unprocessed tissue. Our results highlight the potential for negative human health effects related to the consumption of these food products in St. Vincent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Fielding
- Environmental Studies, University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA.
| | - David W Evans
- NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
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Costa BGB, Lacerda LD. Mercury (Hg) in fish consumed by the local population of the Jaguaribe River lower basin, Northeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13335-13341. [PMID: 25119275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of Hg concentrations in fish is of considerable interest since these organisms are a major source of protein to coastal human populations and fishing communities. The main source of human exposure to Hg contamination occurs through the consumption of fish. In this paper, we compare Hg concentration in 13 fish species from Jaguaribe River lower basin and an adjacent coastal region in the northeastern coast of Brazil. We sampled fish from three stretches of the river: fluvial, estuarine, and marine regions. We tested the hypothesis that Hg concentration in muscle tissue vary according to species, location, and trophic level. Significant differences were observed among species and trophic level, but these could not be observed among the regions studied. As expected, the highest concentrations were observed in carnivorous fish (5.6-107.5; 26.9 ± 18.8 ng g(-1)). Hg concentrations observed in this study are similar to those observed in regions of low environmental contamination. We estimated Hg intake to vary between 0.02 and 0.22 ng Hg kg body weight(-1) week(-1), for the average body weight of 56.7 kg, which was considered as low exposure and therefore, a low risk to consumers of fish from the regions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G B Costa
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60.165-081, Brazil,
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Seixas TG, Moreira I, Siciliano S, Malm O, Kehrig HA. Differences in methylmercury and inorganic mercury biomagnification in a tropical marine food web. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 92:274-278. [PMID: 24452478 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (Hginorg) and their biomagnification factors (BMF) were evaluated along a non-degraded Brazilian bay food web. Highly significant differences (p < 0.0001) were found between MeHg and Hginorg concentrations among all organisms (microplankton, shrimp, fish and dolphin). MeHg increased with increasing trophic position while Hginorg did not present the same pattern. BMF values for MeHg were higher than 1 for all trophic interactions from source to consumer, indicating that MeHg was transferred more efficiently and biomagnified over the entire web. Only one BMF exceeding one was observed for Hginorg (27) between microplankton and their consumer, planktivorous fish. BMF values for Hginorg were significantly different than those found for MeHg (20) at the base of the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tércia G Seixas
- Dep. de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 22453-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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Cardoso PG, Marques SC, D'Ambrosio M, Pereira E, Duarte AC, Azeiteiro UM, Pardal MÂ. Changes in zooplankton communities along a mercury contamination gradient in a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:170-7. [PMID: 24064374 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the impact of mercury on the zooplankton communities' structure and functioning and their bioaccumulation patterns along a contamination gradient in a temperate coastal lagoon. Our results demonstrated that total abundance was not negatively affected by Hg contamination, since the most contaminated areas presented the highest values, being the copepod Acartia tonsa the dominant species, which means that it is a very well adapted and tolerant species to mercury. Nevertheless, negative effects were observed in terms of species diversity, since the most contaminated areas presented the lowest values of species richness, evenness and heterogeneity. Moreover, the spatial mercury gradient was reflected on the bioaccumulation patterns of the zooplankton communities. This reinforces the idea that zooplankton can be considered as an important vehicle of mercury transfer through the food pelagic web since it constitutes a primordial food resource for several commercial fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gonçalves Cardoso
- IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Olivero-Verbel J, Agudelo-Frias D, Caballero-Gallardo K. Morphometric parameters and total mercury in eggs of snowy egret (Egretta thula) from Cartagena Bay and Totumo Marsh, north of Colombia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 69:105-9. [PMID: 23422066 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eggs from egrets (Egretta thula) were collected from Cartagena Bay and Totumo Marsh, two sites at the north of Colombia with different pollution background, and measured their morphometric parameters as well as total mercury (T-Hg) and calcium levels in eggshell. Statistically significant differences were observed for egg weight and size between the two sampling locations. T-Hg and calcium concentrations in eggshell were greater in eggs from Cartagena Bay, the industrial site, compared to Totumo Marsh, a non-industrial location. The opposite was observed for eggshell thickness (3.6% less in the bay). Pearson correlation analysis showed eggshell T-Hg negatively correlated with eggshell weight in eggs from the marsh (R=-0.795, P<0.006), but not from the bay (R=0.387, P=0.269), probably suggesting greater susceptibility to Hg in birds from the non-polluted site. In short, results suggest eggs from E. thula at Cartagena Bay have greater T-Hg concentrations and less eggshell thickness than those from Totumo Marsh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus of Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
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Chen CY, Driscoll CT, Lambert KF, Mason RP, Rardin LR, Serrell N, Sunderland EM. Marine mercury fate: from sources to seafood consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 119:1-2. [PMID: 23121885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Lambert KF, Evers DC, Warner KA, King SL, Selin NE. Integrating mercury science and policy in the marine context: challenges and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 119:132-42. [PMID: 22901766 PMCID: PMC4271454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a global pollutant and presents policy challenges at local, regional, and global scales. Mercury poses risks to the health of people, fish, and wildlife exposed to elevated levels of mercury, most commonly from the consumption of methylmercury in marine and estuarine fish. The patchwork of current mercury abatement efforts limits the effectiveness of national and multi-national policies. This paper provides an overview of the major policy challenges and opportunities related to mercury in coastal and marine environments, and highlights science and policy linkages of the past several decades. The U.S. policy examples explored here point to the need for a full life cycle approach to mercury policy with a focus on source reduction and increased attention to: (1) the transboundary movement of mercury in air, water, and biota; (2) the coordination of policy efforts across multiple environmental media; (3) the cross-cutting issues related to pollutant interactions, mitigation of legacy sources, and adaptation to elevated mercury via improved communication efforts; and (4) the integration of recent research on human and ecological health effects into benefits analyses for regulatory purposes. Stronger science and policy integration will benefit national and international efforts to prevent, control, and minimize exposure to methylmercury.
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