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Sun B, Wu J, Li C, Li C, Hu Z, Wang R. Effects of different extreme cold exposure on heart rate variability. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:1147-1163. [PMID: 37988319 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2286906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Frequent extreme cold events in recent years have brought serious threats to outdoor workers and rescuers. Changes in ambient temperature are associated with altered cardiac autonomic function. The study aims to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) and its relationship to other physiological parameters under extreme cold exposures. Twelve males underwent a 30-min preconditioning phase in a neutral environment followed by a 30-min cold exposure (-5, -10, -15, and -20 °C). Time-domain indexes(meanRR, SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50), frequency domain indexes [Log(HF), Log(LF), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF)], parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) were analysed. Results showed all HRV indexes of four cold exposures were significant. The decrease in temperature was accompanied by progressive PNS activation with SNS retraction. SDNN was the most sensitive HRV index and had good linear relationships with blood pressure, pulse, and hand temperature. The results are significant for formulating safety protection strategies for workers in extremely cold environments.Practitioner Summary: This study investigated heart rate variability (HRV) in 12 males during a 30-min cold exposure (-5, -10, -15, and -20 °C). Results showed all HRV indexes of four cold exposures were significant. The decrease in temperature was accompanied by progressive PNS activation with SNS retraction. SDNN was the most sensitive HRV index and had good linear relationships with blood pressure, pulse, and hand temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Wu
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenming Li
- System Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqiang Hu
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Chen B, Yoda Y, Shima M, Zhao C, Ji X, Wang J, Liao S, Jiang S, Li L, Chen Y, Guo X, Deng F. Ambient ultrafine particles exacerbate oxygen desaturation during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: New insights into the effect spectrum of ultrafine particles on susceptible populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174519. [PMID: 38972410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The health effects of ultrafine particles (UFPs) are of growing global concern, but the epidemiological evidence remains limited. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) characterized by hypoxemia is a prevalent condition linked to many debilitating chronic diseases. However, the role of UFPs in the development of SDB is lacking. Therefore, this prospective panel study was performed to specifically investigate the association of short-term exposure to UFPs with SDB parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ninety-one COPD patients completed 226 clinical visits in Beijing, China. Personal exposure to ambient UFPs of 0-7 days was estimated based on infiltration factor and time-activity pattern. Real-time monitoring of sleep oxygen saturation, spirometry, respiratory questionnaires and airway inflammation detection were performed at each clinical visit. Generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the effects of UFPs. Exposure to UFPs was significantly associated with increased oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and percent of the time with oxygen saturation below 90 % (T90), with estimates of 21.50 % (95%CI: 6.38 %, 38.76 %) and 18.75 % (95%CI: 2.83 %, 37.14 %), respectively, per 3442 particles/cm3 increment of UFPs at lag 0-3 h. Particularly, UFPs' exposure within 0-7 days was positively associated with the concentration of alveolar nitric oxide (CaNO), and alveolar eosinophilic inflammation measured by CaNO exceeding 5 ppb was associated with 29.63 % and 33.48 % increases in ODI and T90, respectively. In addition, amplified effects on oxygen desaturation were observed in current smokers. Notably, individuals with better lung function and activity tolerance were more affected by ambient UFPs due to longer time spent outdoors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link UFPs to hypoxemia during sleep and uncover the key role of alveolar eosinophilic inflammation. Our findings provide new insights into the effect spectrum of UFPs and potential environmental and behavioral intervention strategies to protect susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baiqi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yoshiko Yoda
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Chen Zhao
- Community Health Service Center, Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xuezhao Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Simin Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Sammito S, Thielmann B, Klussmann A, Deußen A, Braumann KM, Böckelmann I. Guideline for the application of heart rate and heart rate variability in occupational medicine and occupational health science. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:15. [PMID: 38741189 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-024-00414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This updated guideline replaces the "Guideline for the application of heart rate and heart rate variability in occupational medicine and occupational health science" first published in 2014. Based on the older version of the guideline, the authors have reviewed and evaluated the findings on the use of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) that have been published in the meantime and incorporated them into a new version of this guideline.This guideline was developed for application in clinical practice and research purposes in the fields of occupational medicine and occupational science to complement evaluation procedures with respect to exposure and risk assessment at the workplace by the use of objective physiological workload indicators. In addition, HRV is also suitable for assessing the state of health and for monitoring the progress of illnesses and preventive medical measures. It gives an overview of factors influencing the regulation of the HR and HRV at rest and during work. It further illustrates methods for measuring and analyzing these parameters under standardized laboratory and real workload conditions, areas of application as well as the quality control procedures to be followed during the recording and evaluation of HR and HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sammito
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Experimental Aerospace Medicine Research, Flughafenstraße 1, Cologne, 51147, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Thielmann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andre Klussmann
- Competence Centre Health (CCG), Department Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences (HAW) Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Deußen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Irina Böckelmann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Zhang W, Wang J, Chen B, Ji X, Zhao C, Chen M, Liao S, Jiang S, Pan Z, Wang W, Li L, Chen Y, Guo X, Deng F. Association of multiple air pollutants with oxygen saturation during sleep in COPD patients: Effect modification by smoking status and airway inflammatory phenotypes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131550. [PMID: 37148791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution contributes substantially to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, the effect of air pollution on oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sleep and potential susceptibility factors remain unknown. In this longitudinal panel study, real-time SpO2 was monitored in 132 COPD patients, with 270 nights (1615 h) of sleep SpO2 recorded. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured to assess airway inflammatory characteristics. Exposure levels of air pollutants were estimated by infiltration factor method. Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate the effect of air pollutants on sleep SpO2. Ozone, even at low levels (<60 μg/m3), was significantly associated with decreased SpO2 and extended time of oxygen desaturation (SpO2 < 90%), especially in the warm season. The associations of other pollutants with SpO2 were weak, but significant adverse effects of PM10 and SO2 were observed in the cold season. Notably, stronger effects of ozone were observed in current smokers. Consistently, smoking-related airway inflammation, characterized by higher levels of exhaled CO and H2S but lower NO, significantly augmented the effect of ozone on SpO2 during sleep. This study highlights the importance of ozone control in protecting sleep health in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baiqi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuezhao Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Community Health Service Center, Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Maike Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Simin Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihan Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Li H, Ma H, Li J, Li X, Huang K, Cao J, Li J, Yan W, Chen X, Zhou X, Cui C, Yu X, Liu F, Huang J. Hourly personal temperature exposure and heart rate variability: A multi-center panel study in populations at intermediate to high-risk of cardiovascular disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160983. [PMID: 36535481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies reported temperature exposure was associated with altered cardiac automatic function, while this effect of temperature on hourly heart rate variability (HRV) among populations with cardiovascular risks was seldom addressed. METHODS We conducted this panel study in four Chinese cities with three repeated visits among 296 participants at intermediate to high-risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Real-time temperature level and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram were monitored during each seasonal visit. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate associations between individual temperature and HRV parameters, and the seasonal effects and circadian effect were also evaluated. RESULTS We found the overall downward trend of hourly HRV associated with acute exposure to higher temperature. For each 1 °C increment in temperature of 1-3 h prior to HRV measurements (lag 1-3 h), hourly standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased by 0.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22, 0.54), 0.28% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.44), and 0.20% (95% CI: 0.04, 0.36), respectively. Similar inverse associations between temperature and HRV were observed in stratified analyses by temperature level. Inverse associations for cold and warm seasons were also observed, despite some effects gradually decreased and reversed in the warm season as lag times extended. Moreover, HRV showed a more significant reduction with increased temperature during daytime than nighttime. Percent change of hourly SDNN was -0.41% (95% CI: -0.62, -0.21) with 1 °C increment of lag 1 h during daytime, while few obvious changes were revealed during nighttime. CONCLUSIONS Generally, increasing temperature was significantly associated with reduced HRV. Inverse relationships for cold and warm seasons were also observed. Associations during daytime were much more prominent than nighttime. Our findings clarified the relationship of temperature with HRV and provided evidence for prevention approaches to alleviate cardiac automatic dysfunction among populations at intermediate to high-risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiahua Li
- Function Test Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Primary Health Professional Committee, Shaanxi Province Health Care Association, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xianglai Yu
- Beilin District Dongguannanjie Community Health Service Center, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
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Zhao L, Fang J, Tang S, Deng F, Liu X, Shen Y, Liu Y, Kong F, Du Y, Cui L, Shi W, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Dong X, Gao Y, Dong L, Zhou H, Sun Q, Dong H, Peng X, Zhang Y, Cao M, Wang Y, Zhi H, Du H, Zhou J, Li T, Shi X. PM2.5 and Serum Metabolome and Insulin Resistance, Potential Mediation by the Gut Microbiome: A Population-Based Panel Study of Older Adults in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:27007. [PMID: 35157499 PMCID: PMC8843086 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) affects the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is also influenced by accumulated fine particle air pollution [particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter of <2.5μm (PM2.5)] exposure. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies have proposed several potential mechanisms by which PM2.5 contributes to IR/T2DM, including inflammation imbalance, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that the imbalance of the gut microbiota affects the metabolic process and may precede IR. However, the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5, gut microbiota, and metabolic diseases are unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between personal exposure to PM2.5 and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, the IR index, and other related biomarkers. We also explored the potential underlying mechanisms (systemic inflammation and sphingolipid metabolism) between PM2.5 and insulin resistance and the mediating effects between PM2.5 and sphingolipid metabolism. METHODS We recruited 76 healthy seniors to participate in a repeated-measures panel study and conducted clinical examinations every month from September 2018 to January 2019. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models were used to analyze the associations between PM2.5 and health data (e.g., functional factors, the IR index, inflammation and other IR-related biomarkers, metabolites, and gut microbiota). We also performed mediation analyses to evaluate the effects of mediators (gut microbiota) on the associations between exposures (PM2.5) and featured metabolism outcomes. RESULTS Our prospective panel study illustrated that exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of higher IR index and functional biomarkers, and our study provided mechanistic evidence suggesting that PM2.5 exposure may contribute to systemic inflammation and altered sphingolipid metabolism. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrated that PM2.5 was associated with the genera of the gut microbiota, which partially mediated the association between PM2.5 and sphingolipid metabolism. These findings may extend our current understanding of the pathways of PM2.5 and IR. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Protein Science Technology Center and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fanling Kong
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjun Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanying Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huichan Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumiao Peng
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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7
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Wine O, Osornio Vargas A, Campbell SM, Hosseini V, Koch CR, Shahbakhti M. Cold Climate Impact on Air-Pollution-Related Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1473. [PMID: 35162495 PMCID: PMC8835073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In cold temperatures, vehicles idle more, have high cold-start emissions including greenhouse gases, and have less effective exhaust filtration systems, which can cause up to ten-fold more harmful vehicular emissions. Only a few vehicle technologies have been tested for emissions below -7 °C (20 °F). Four-hundred-million people living in cities with sub-zero temperatures may be impacted. We conducted a scoping review to identify the existing knowledge about air-pollution-related health outcomes in a cold climate, and pinpoint any research gaps. Of 1019 papers identified, 76 were selected for review. The papers described short-term health impacts associated with air pollutants. However, most papers removed the possible direct effect of temperature on pollution and health by adjusting for temperature. Only eight papers formally explored the modifying effect of temperatures. Five studies identified how extreme cold and warm temperatures aggravated mortality/morbidity associated with ozone, particles, and carbon-monoxide. The other three found no health associations with tested pollutants and temperature. Additionally, in most papers, emissions could not be attributed solely to traffic. In conclusion, evidence on the relationship between cold temperatures, traffic-related pollution, and related health outcomes is lacking. Therefore, targeted research is required to guide vehicle regulations, assess extreme weather-related risks in the context of climate change, and inform public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Wine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (O.W.); (C.R.K.)
| | - Alvaro Osornio Vargas
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Sandra M. Campbell
- Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- School of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0N1, Canada;
| | - Charles Robert Koch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (O.W.); (C.R.K.)
| | - Mahdi Shahbakhti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (O.W.); (C.R.K.)
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8
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Li L, Hu D, Zhang W, Cui L, Jia X, Yang D, Liu S, Deng F, Liu J, Guo X. Effect of short-term exposure to particulate air pollution on heart rate variability in normal-weight and obese adults. Environ Health 2021; 20:29. [PMID: 33726760 PMCID: PMC7968215 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of particulate air pollution on heart rate variability (HRV) have been reported. However, it remains unclear whether they differ by the weight status as well as between wake and sleep. METHODS A repeated-measure study was conducted in 97 young adults in Beijing, China, and they were classified by body mass index (BMI) as normal-weight (BMI, 18.5-24.0 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2) groups. Personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) were measured with portable exposure monitors, and the ambient PM2.5/BC concentrations were obtained from the fixed monitoring sites near the subjects' residences. HRV and heart rate (HR) were monitored by 24-h Holter electrocardiography. The study period was divided into waking and sleeping hours according to time-activity diaries. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the effects of PM2.5/BC on HRV and HR in both groups during wake and sleep. RESULTS The effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5/BC on HRV were more pronounced among obese participants. In the normal-weight group, the positive association between personal PM2.5/BC exposure and high-frequency power (HF) as well as the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power (LF/HF) was observed during wakefulness. In the obese group, personal PM2.5/BC exposure was negatively associated with HF but positively associated with LF/HF during wakefulness, whereas it was negatively correlated to total power and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) during sleep. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC at 2-h moving average was associated with 37.64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.03, 51.51%) increases in LF/HF during wakefulness and associated with 6.28% (95% CI: - 17.26, 6.15%) decreases in SDNN during sleep in obese individuals, and the interaction terms between BC and obesity in LF/HF and SDNN were both statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results also suggested that the effects of PM2.5/BC exposure on several HRV indices and HR differed in magnitude or direction between wake and sleep. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM2.5/BC is associated with HRV and HR, especially in obese individuals. The circadian rhythm of HRV should be considered in future studies when HRV is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dayu Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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9
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Thapa R, Pokorski I, Ambarchi Z, Thomas E, Demayo M, Boulton K, Matthews S, Patel S, Sedeli I, Hickie IB, Guastella AJ. Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity. Autism Res 2020; 14:75-85. [PMID: 33225622 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12 years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5 min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Thapa
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Izabella Pokorski
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zahava Ambarchi
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Thomas
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marilena Demayo
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelsie Boulton
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Slade Matthews
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Indra Sedeli
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Rowland ST, Boehme AK, Rush J, Just AC, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Can ultra short-term changes in ambient temperature trigger myocardial infarction? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105910. [PMID: 32622116 PMCID: PMC7708404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is increasing global average temperatures, as well as the frequency of extreme weather events. Both low and high ambient temperatures have been associated with elevated mortality; however, little is known about the cardiovascular impacts of hourly temperature. METHODS We assessed the association between hourly ambient temperature and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) across adult residents of New York State (NYS). We identified cases across NYS hospitals from 2000 to 2015 in the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System dataset, using ICD codes. Hourly ambient temperature was assessed at each patient's residential ZIP code, up to 48 hours prior to MI. We employed a time-stratified case-crossover study design matching case to control periods on hour of day, day of week, month and year. RESULTS Of the 791,695 primary MI hospital admissions, 45% were female, the mean (standard deviation; SD) age was 70 (15) years, and 49% of cases occurred among New York City residents. The observed temperature range was -29 °C to 39 °C, with a mean of 10.8 °C (10.5 °C). Temperature in the 6 h preceding the MI was positively associated with risk of MI, across the range of observed temperatures, with null or nearly null associations for earlier hours. We estimated a cumulative percent increase in hourly myocardial infarction rate of 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2%, 10.6%) for an 11 °C (median) to 27 °C (95th percentile) temperature increase for lag hours 0-5. Men, Medicare-ineligible individuals (age < 65), and those experiencing their first MI were most sensitive. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that increases in hourly ambient temperature can trigger myocardial infarction. Health-based definitions of extreme heat events may better capture the deleterious effects of heat by accounting for hourly temperature. Our findings can inform the design of more effective preparedness strategies for the increasingly frequent extreme heat events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Rowland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical School and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Johnathan Rush
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Macartney MJ, Notley SR, Meade RD, Herry CL, Kenny GP. Heart rate variability in older men on the day following prolonged work in the heat. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2020; 17:383-389. [PMID: 32649261 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2020.1779932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to heat illness during physically demanding work in hot environments is greater on the second of two consecutive workdays. While it has been demonstrated that heat storage is exacerbated on the second compared to first workday in older workers (50-65 yr), the effects on heart rate variability (HRV), an established surrogate of cardiac autonomic modulation, remain unclear. This study evaluated HRV in older workers on the day following prolonged work in the heat. Electrocardiogram was recorded in nine older (53-64 yr) males at rest, during three 30-min bouts of semi-recumbent cycling at fixed rates of metabolic heat production (150, 200, 250 W/m2), each separated by 15-min recovery. Experiments were conducted in hot-dry conditions (40 °C, 20% relative humidity), immediately prior to (Day 1), and on the day following (Day 2), a prolonged work simulation (∼7.5 hr) involving moderate intensity intermittent exercise in hot-dry conditions (38 °C, 34% relative humidity). Core temperature, as well as time, frequency, and nonlinear HRV indices were derived for analysis during rest, the final 5-min of exercise at the highest heat production and recovery. The change in core temperature at the end of work (mean ±SD) was significantly greater on Day 2 (1.0 °C ±0.3) relative to Day 1 (0.8 °C ±0.2; p < 0.01). Heart rate, however, did not significantly differ between days 1 and 2 at rest (Day 1, 59 ±11 bpm; Day 2, 62 ±13 bpm), during exercise (Day 1, 113 ±21 bpm; Day 2, 114 ±18 bpm ) and at the end of recovery (Day 1, 75 ±16 bpm; Day 2, 76 ±12 bpm). Likewise, there were no significant differences in any HRV indices derived from time, frequency, and nonlinear domains (all p > 0.05). Prolonged work in the heat did not modulate next-day heart rhythms, as reflected by HRV, despite augmented core temperature. While HRV can reflect physiological aspects of cardiac autonomic stressors, these findings indicate it does not provide a means to identify exacerbated heat strain in older workers over consecutive work shifts in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean R Notley
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Meade
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christophe L Herry
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottowa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Moreira AR, Pereira de Castro TB, Kohler JB, Ito JT, de França Silva LE, Lourenço JD, Almeida RR, Santana FR, Brito JM, Rivero DHRF, Vale MICA, Prado CM, Câmara NOS, Saldiva PHN, Olivo CR, Lopes FDTQDS. Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228393. [PMID: 32004356 PMCID: PMC6993960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in these pathological mechanisms. Depending on microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages can assume different phenotypes with different functional actions. M1 macrophages are recognized by their proinflammatory activity, whereas M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in responding to microorganisms and in efferocytosis to avoid the progression of inflammatory conditions. To verify how exposure to air pollutants interferes with macrophage polarization in emphysema development, we evaluated the different macrophage phenotypes in a PPE- induced model with the exposure to diesel exhaust particles. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to induce emphysema, and the control groups received saline. Both groups were exposed to diesel exhaust particles or filtered air for 60 days according to the groups. We observed that both the diesel and PPE groups had an increase in alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fibers in the parenchyma and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in BAL, and these responses were exacerbated in animals that received PPE instillation prior to exposure to diesel exhaust particles. The same response pattern was found inCaspase-3 positive cell analysis, attesting to an increase in cell apoptosis, which is in agreement with the increase in M2 phenotype markers, measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We did not verify differences among the groups for the M1 phenotype. In conclusion, our results showed that both chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles and PPE instillation induced inflammatory conditions, cell apoptosis and emphysema development, as well as an increase in M2 phenotype macrophages, and the combination of these two factors exacerbated these responses. The predominance of the M2-like phenotype likely occurred due to the increased demand for efferocytosis. However, M2 macrophage activity was ineffective, resulting in emphysema development and worsening of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne Riani Moreira
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamyres Barros Pereira de Castro
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Benini Kohler
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor) School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Mara Brito
- Department of Pathology (LIM 5), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 16), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Rosa Olivo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Thapa R, Alvares GA, Zaidi TA, Thomas EE, Hickie IB, Park SH, Guastella AJ. Reduced heart rate variability in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019; 12:922-930. [PMID: 30972967 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research has suggested heart rate variability (HRV) may be reduced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to neurotypical cohorts. While there have been several studies investigating HRV in children diagnosed with ASD, few studies have been conducted in adults. The objective of the current study was to investigate autonomic nervous system activity as assessed by HRV in adults diagnosed with ASD. We hypothesized that adults with ASD would show a reduction in HRV compared to neurotypical participants. Participants diagnosed with ASD (n = 55) were recruited from the Autism Clinic for Translational Research at the Brain and Mind Centre (University of Sydney) between 2013 and 2017. Neurotypical participants were recruited from advertisements and online media. Resting state heart rate was measured for 5 min while participants sat in an upright position. Results showed there was an overall significant difference in resting-state HRV between adults diagnosed with ASD compared to the neurotypical control group. Logarithmically transformed high frequency (HF) and root mean square of successive differences were particularly decreased in the ASD group, suggesting lower parasympathetic activity. The use of psychotropic medications and comorbidities were associated with reductions in low frequency of HRV. Our data suggest an overall dysregulation in resting autonomic activity in adults with ASD. This may represent an important physiological mechanism leading to potential cardiovascular risk in ASD, which warrants further investigation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 922-930. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is commonly associated with a range of physical and mental health comorbidities. Autonomic disruptions underlying reductions in heart rate variability (HRV) have been linked to a range of mental and physical health conditions. We assessed resting-state HRV in adults diagnosed with ASD in comparison to healthy individuals. Our results showed reduced heart rate variability in people diagnosed with ASD compared to adults without ASD. These findings implicate a role for autonomic activity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Thapa
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gail A Alvares
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tooba A Zaidi
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma E Thomas
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shin H Park
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Yang D, Yang X, Deng F, Guo X. Ambient Air Pollution and Biomarkers of Health Effect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1017:59-102. [PMID: 29177959 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the air pollution situation of our country is very serious along with the development of urbanization and industrialization. Studies indicate that the exposure of air pollution can cause a rise of incidence and mortality of many diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, myocardial infarction, and so on. However, there is now growing evidence showing that significant air pollution exposures are associated with early biomarkers in various systems of the body. In order to better prevent and control the damage effect of air pollution, this article summarizes comprehensively epidemiological studies about the bad effects on the biomarkers of respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and genetic and epigenetic system exposure to ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
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15
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Stress Response and Cognitive Performance Modulation in Classroom versus Natural Environments: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study with Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061098. [PMID: 29843433 PMCID: PMC6025376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress during childhood can have mental and somatic health influences that track throughout life. Previous research attributes stress-reducing effects to natural environments, but has mainly focused on adults and often following leisurely relaxation in natural environments. This pilot study explores the impact of natural environments on stress response during rest and mental load and cognitive performance in 47 children aged 10–12 years in a school context. Heart rate variability measures indexing tonic, event, and phasic vagal tone and attention scores were compared across classroom and natural environments. Tonic vagal tone was higher in the natural environment than the classrooms, but no differences were found in event or phasic vagal tone or cognitive performance measures. These findings suggest a situational aspect of the conditions under which natural environments may give rise to stress-buffering influences. Further research is warranted to understand the potential benefits in a real-life context, in particular with respect to the underpinning mechanisms and effects of accumulated exposure over time in settings where children spend large proportions of time in natural environments.
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16
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Pan L, Dong W, Li H, Miller MR, Chen Y, Loh M, Wu S, Xu J, Yang X, Shima M, Deng F, Guo X. Association patterns for size-fractioned indoor particulate matter and black carbon and autonomic function differ between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their healthy spouses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:40-48. [PMID: 29414364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of health status on the relationship between particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) and cardiac autonomic function has not been examined sufficiently directly comparing patients with healthy participants. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association patterns between size-fractioned indoor PM and BC and cardiac autonomic function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and their healthy spouses. METHODS Twenty-four-hour heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) was measured in eight pairs of stable COPD patients and their healthy spouses. Real-time size-fractioned indoor PM and BC levels were monitored on the same, and preceding, days. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the changes in health indices and pollutants after controlling for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Increases in size-fractioned PM and BC were associated with alterations in cardiac autonomic function in both COPD patients and their healthy spouses. However, the association patterns differed between the two groups. In COPD group, an IQR (13.65 μg/m3) increase in PM0.5 at 12-h moving average was associated with reductions of 14.62% (95% CI: -21.74%, -6.86%) in total power (TP) and 10.14% (95% CI: -16.11%, -3.76%) in high frequency (HF) power. In healthy volunteers, however, TP and HF declined immediately upon exposure to PM and then returned to normal levels gradually. In this group, an IQR increase in PM0.5 at 5 min moving average was associated a 20.30% (95% CI: -25.49%, -14.73%) reduction in TP and a 31.79% (95% CI: -36.48%, -26.72%) reduction in HF. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to indoor PM and BC was associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in COPD patients and their healthy spouses. Exposure had a greater lagged effect on HRV in COPD patients than in healthy participants. These findings will aid the formulation of targeted measures to prevent the adverse effects of indoor air pollution for individuals with different health statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yahong Chen
- Respiratory Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Effect of Temperature on Heart Rate Variability in Neonatal ICU Patients With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18:349-354. [PMID: 28198757 PMCID: PMC5402340 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether measures of heart rate variability are related to changes in temperature during rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Level 4 neonatal ICU in a free-standing academic children's hospital. PATIENTS Forty-four infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia. INTERVENTIONS Continuous electrocardiogram data from 2 hours prior to rewarming through 2 hours after completion of rewarming (up to 10 hr) were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Median beat-to-beat interval and measures of heart rate variability were quantified including beat-to-beat interval SD, low and high frequency relative spectral power, detrended fluctuation analysis short and long α exponents (αS and αL), and root mean square short and long time scales. The relationships between heart rate variability measures and esophageal/axillary temperatures were evaluated. Heart rate variability measures low frequency, αS, and root mean square short and long time scales were negatively associated, whereas αL was positively associated, with temperature (p < 0.01). These findings signify an overall decrease in heart rate variability as temperature increased toward normothermia. CONCLUSIONS Measures of heart rate variability are temperature dependent in the range of therapeutic hypothermia to normothermia. Core body temperature needs to be considered when evaluating heart rate variability metrics as potential physiologic biomarkers of illness severity in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
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He MZ, Zeng X, Zhang K, Kinney PL. Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations in Urban Chinese Cities, 2005-2016: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020191. [PMID: 28216601 PMCID: PMC5334745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Particulate matter pollution has become a growing health concern over the past few decades globally. The problem is especially evident in China, where particulate matter levels prior to 2013 are publically unavailable. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature that reported fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in different regions of China from 2005 to 2016. Methods: We searched for English articles in PubMed and Embase and for Chinese articles in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We evaluated the studies overall and categorized the collected data into six geographical regions and three economic regions. Results: The mean (SD) PM2.5 concentration, weighted by the number of sampling days, was 60.64 (33.27) μg/m³ for all geographic regions and 71.99 (30.20) μg/m³ for all economic regions. A one-way ANOVA shows statistically significant differences in PM2.5 concentrations between the various geographic regions (F = 14.91, p < 0.0001) and the three economic regions (F = 4.55, p = 0.01). Conclusions: This review identifies quantifiable differences in fine particulate matter concentrations across regions of China. The highest levels of fine particulate matter were found in the northern and northwestern regions and especially Beijing. The high percentage of data points exceeding current federal regulation standards suggests that fine particulate matter pollution remains a huge problem for China. As pre-2013 emissions data remain largely unavailable, we hope that the data aggregated from this systematic review can be incorporated into current and future models for more accurate historical PM2.5 estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Z He
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Xiange Zeng
- Program in Public Health Studies, Johns Hopkins University Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MD 02118, USA.
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Qin RX, Xiao C, Zhu Y, Li J, Yang J, Gu S, Xia J, Su B, Liu Q, Woodward A. The interactive effects between high temperature and air pollution on mortality: A time-series analysis in Hefei, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1530-1537. [PMID: 28029451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that there may be an interaction between air pollution and heat on mortality, which is pertinent in the context of global climate change. We sought to examine this interaction in Hefei, a hot and polluted Chinese city. We conducted time-series analyses using daily mortality, air pollutant concentration (including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10μm (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), and temperature data from 2008 to 2014. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models with natural cubic splines and examined the interactive effects using temperature-stratified models. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, gender, and educational levels. We observed consistently stronger associations between air pollutants and mortality at high temperatures than at medium temperatures. These differences were statistically significant for the associations between PM10 and non-accidental mortality and between all pollutants studied and respiratory mortality. Mean percentage increases in non-accidental mortality per 10μg/m3 at high temperatures were 2.40% (95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 4.20) for PM10, 7.77% (0.60 to 15.00) for SO2, and 6.83% (-1.37 to 15.08) for NO2. The estimates for PM10 were 3.40% (0.96 to 5.90) in females and 4.21% (1.44 to 7.05) in the illiterate, marking them as more vulnerable. No clear trend was identified by age. We observed an interaction between air pollutants and high temperature on mortality in Hefei, which was stronger in females and the illiterate. This may be due to differences in behaviours affecting personal exposure to high temperatures and has potential policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennie Xinrui Qin
- School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China.
| | - Junrui Xia
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Bin Su
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Airborne Infectious Agents and Other Pollutants in Automobiles for Domestic Use: Potential Health Impacts and Approaches to Risk Mitigation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2016:1548326. [PMID: 28042302 PMCID: PMC5155087 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1548326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The world total of passenger cars is expected to go from the current one billion to >2.5 billion by 2050. Cars for domestic use account for ~74% of the world's yearly production of motorized vehicles. In North America, ~80% of the commuters use their own car with another 5.6% travelling as passengers. With the current life-expectancy of 78.6 years, the average North American spends 4.3 years driving a car! This equates to driving 101 minutes/day with a lifetime driving distance of nearly 1.3 million km inside the confined and often shared space of the car with exposure to a mix of potentially harmful pathogens, allergens, endotoxins, particulates, and volatile organics. Such risks may increase in proportion to the unprecedented upsurge in the numbers of family cars globally. Though new technologies may reduce the levels of air pollution from car exhausts and other sources, they are unlikely to impact our in-car exposure to pathogens. Can commercial in-car air decontamination devices reduce the risk from airborne infections and other pollutants? We lack scientifically rigorous protocols to verify the claims of such devices. Here we discuss the essentials of a customized aerobiology facility and test protocols to assess such devices under field-relevant conditions.
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Hampel R, Breitner S, Kraus WE, Hauser E, Shah S, Ward-Caviness CK, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Neas L, Cascio W, Peters A, Schneider A. Short-term effects of air temperature on plasma metabolite concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:224-232. [PMID: 27500855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown associations between air temperature and cardiovascular health outcomes. Metabolic dysregulation might also play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate short-term temperature effects on metabolites related to cardiovascular disease. METHODS Concentrations of 45 acylcarnitines, 15 amino acids, ketone bodies and total free fatty acids were available in 2869 participants from the CATHeterization GENetics cohort recruited at the Duke University Cardiac Catheterization Clinic (Durham, NC) between 2001 and 2007. Ten metabolites were selected based on quality criteria and cluster analysis. Daily averages of meteorological variables were obtained from the North American Regional Reanalysis project. Immediate, lagged, and cumulative temperature effects on metabolite concentrations were analyzed using (piecewise) linear regression models. RESULTS Linear temperature effects were found for glycine, C16-OH:C14:1-DC, and aspartic acid/asparagine. A 5°C increase in temperature was associated with a 1.8% [95%-confidence interval: 0.3%; 3.3%] increase in glycine (5-day average), a 3.2% [0.1%; 6.3%] increase in C16-OH:C14:1-DC (lag of four days), and a -1.4% [-2.4%; -0.3%] decrease in aspartic acid/asparagine (lag of two days). Non-linear temperature effects were observed for alanine and total ketone bodies with breakpoint of 4°C and 20°C, respectively. Both a 5°C decrease in temperature on colder days (<4°C)and a 5°C increase in temperature on warmer days (≥4°C) were associated with a four day delayed increase in alanine by 6.6% [11.7; 1.8%] and 1.9% [0.3%; 3.4%], respectively. For ketone bodies we found immediate (0-day lag) increases of 4.2% [-0.5%; 9.1%] and 12.3% [0.1%; 26.0%] associated with 5°C decreases on colder (<20°C) days and 5°C increases on warmer days (≥20°C), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We observed multiple effects of air temperature on metabolites several of which are reported to be involved in cardiovascular disease. Our findings might help to understand the link between air temperature and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Hauser
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Svati Shah
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lucas Neas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wayne Cascio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Buteau S, Goldberg MS. A structured review of panel studies used to investigate associations between ambient air pollution and heart rate variability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:207-247. [PMID: 27085495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is one of the postulated pathways linking short-term exposure to air pollution to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. A hypothesis is that exposure to air pollution decreases heart rate variability, a recognized independent predictor of poorer cardiovascular prognosis. METHODS We conducted a structured review of panel studies published between 1946 and July 2015 of the association between ambient air pollution and parameters of heart rate variability reflecting autonomic nervous function. We focused on exposure to mass concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), and four commonly used indices of heart rate variability (HRV): standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN); root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD); high frequency power (HF); and low frequency power (LF). We searched bibliographic databases and references of identified articles and abstracted characteristics of their design and conduct, and synthesized the quantitative findings in graphic form according to health condition of the study population and the functional form of the HRV indices used in the regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 33 panel studies were included: 31, 12, and 13 studies were used to investigate ambient exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and O3, respectively. We found substantial variation across studies in terms of design characteristics and statistical methodologies, and we identified some studies that may have had methodological and statistical issues. Because many panel studies were not comparable to each other, meta-analyses were not generally possible, although we were able to pool the results obtained amongst older adults who had cardiovascular disease for the 24-h average concentrations of PM2.5 prior to the heart rate variability measurements. In studies of PM2.5 among older adults with cardiovascular disease, logarithmic transformations of the HRV indices were used in ten studies. Negative associations across all HRV indices were found in 60-86% of these studies for periods of exposures ranging from 5-min to 5-days. The pooled percent changes for an increase of 10μg/m(3) in the 24-h prior to the measurements of HRV were: -2.11% for SDNN (95% confidence interval (95%CI): -4.00, -0.23%), -3.29% for RMSSD (95%CI: -6.32, -0.25%), -4.76% for LF (95%CI: -12.10, 2.58%), and -1.74% for HF (95%CI: -7.79, 4.31%). No transformations were used in seven studies of PM2.5 among older adults with cardiovascular disease, and we found for absolute differences pooled changes in the HRV indices, for an increase of 10μg/m(3), of -0.31ms for SDNN (95%CI: -1.02, 0.41ms) and -1.22ms for RMSSD (95%CI: -2.37; -0.07ms). For gaseous pollutants, negative associations over periods of exposure ranging from 5-min or to 5-days prior to the heart rate variability measurements were reported in 71-83% of studies of NO2 and 57-100% of studies of O3, depending of the indices of heart rate variability. However, many of these studies had statistical or methodological issues, and in the few studies without these issues the confidence intervals were relatively wide and mostly included the null. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION We were not persuaded by the results that there was an association between PM2.5 and any of the four indices of heart rate variability. For NO2 and O3 the number of high-quality studies was insufficient to draw any definite conclusions. Further panel studies with improved design and methodologies are needed to help establish or refute an association between ambient exposure to air pollution and heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Buteau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ni Y, Wu S, Ji W, Chen Y, Zhao B, Shi S, Tu X, Li H, Pan L, Deng F, Guo X. The exposure metric choices have significant impact on the association between short-term exposure to outdoor particulate matter and changes in lung function: Findings from a panel study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:264-70. [PMID: 26519586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of ambient air pollution data obtained from central air-monitoring stations as surrogates for participants' exposures to outdoor air pollutants in previous studies may have introduced bias in the estimation of exposure-response associations. OBJECTIVES We investigated and compared the effects of short-term exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PMout) and outdoor-originated equivalent personal PM (PMeq) on lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. METHODS A total of 33 doctor-diagnosed stable COPD patients were recruited and repeatedly measured for lung function (totally 170 measurements) in 2013-2014. Daily PMout concentrations were obtained from central-monitoring stations, and daily time-weighted average PMeq concentrations were estimated based on PMout over the study. Associations of PM with lung function were estimated using mixed-effects models. RESULTS Interquartile range increases in PM2.5out (111.0 μg/m(3), 5-day) and PM10out (112.0 μg/m(3), 3-day) were associated with a 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.8%, -0.8%) reduction and a 2.1% (95%CI: -3.9%, -0.3%) reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC), respectively. Similar results were found for forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1). An interquartile range increase in PM2.5eq (45.3 μg/m(3), 3-day), but not PM10eq, was still associated with a 1.7% (95%CI: -3.3%, -0.1%) reduction in FVC. CONCLUSIONS Our study may provide a novel approach to assess the association of ambient PM with health observations with improved accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Ji
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Respiratory Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingying Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Feng Y, Huang X, Sun H, Liu C, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Sharma Tengur V, Chen W, Wu T, Yuan J, Zhang X. Framingham risk score modifies the effect of PM10 on heart rate variability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 523:146-151. [PMID: 25863505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Health conditions may greatly modify the association between particulate matter (PM) and heart rate variability (HRV), but whether the modification of PM effect by coronary artery disease (CAD) risk status depends on the PM levels remains unknown. We investigated the associations between personal exposures to PM with aerodynamic diameter of ≤10μm (PM10) and ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and concurrent HRV, and whether the effect of PM on HRV was modified by Framingham risk score (FRS) in healthy subjects with different PM exposure levels. Personal exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 were measured for 24h in 152 volunteers of community residents who were free of cardiovascular disease in two cities (Zhuhai and Wuhan) that differ in air quality. Simultaneously, 24h HRV indices were obtained from 3-channel Holter monitor. FRS was calculated based on age, sex, lipid profiles, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking status. Linear regression models were constructed after adjusting for potential confounders. We found significant decrease in total power (TP) and low power (LF) with increased PM10 concentrations (P for trend<0.05) in the high PM levels city (Wuhan) and total population, but not in the low PM levels city (Zhuhai). We also observed significant modification of FRS on PM10 effect in Wuhan. Interestingly, elevated PM10 was associated in a greater decreased HRV in the low FRS subgroup, but not in the high FRS subgroup. However, we did not find any significant main effects of PM2.5 or PM2.5-FRS interactions on HRV in city-specified or city-combined analyses. Overall, the findings indicate that individual coronary risk profiles may modulate the association between particulate air pollution and HRV in high PM exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiji Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuanyao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Vashish Sharma Tengur
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Mehta AJ, Kloog I, Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Schwartz J. Associations between changes in city and address specific temperature and QT interval--the VA Normative Aging Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106258. [PMID: 25238150 PMCID: PMC4169528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms of the association between ambient temperature and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are not well understood, particularly for daily temperature variability. We evaluated if daily mean temperature and standard deviation of temperature was associated with heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) duration, a marker of ventricular repolarization in a prospective cohort of older men. METHODS This longitudinal analysis included 487 older men participating in the VA Normative Aging Study with up to three visits between 2000-2008 (n = 743). We analyzed associations between QTc and moving averages (1-7, 14, 21, and 28 days) of the 24-hour mean and standard deviation of temperature as measured from a local weather monitor, and the 24-hour mean temperature estimated from a spatiotemporal prediction model, in time-varying linear mixed-effect regression. Effect modification by season, diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity, and age was also evaluated. RESULTS Higher mean temperature as measured from the local monitor, and estimated from the prediction model, was associated with longer QTc at moving averages of 21 and 28 days. Increased 24-hr standard deviation of temperature was associated with longer QTc at moving averages from 4 and up to 28 days; a 1.9°C interquartile range increase in 4-day moving average standard deviation of temperature was associated with a 2.8 msec (95%CI: 0.4, 5.2) longer QTc. Associations between 24-hr standard deviation of temperature and QTc were stronger in colder months, and in participants with diabetes and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE In this sample of older men, elevated mean temperature was associated with longer QTc, and increased variability of temperature was associated with longer QTc, particularly during colder months and among individuals with diabetes and coronary heart disease. These findings may offer insight of an important underlying mechanism of temperature-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar J. Mehta
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Itai Kloog
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Sparrow
- The VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- The VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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26
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de Brito JM, Macchione M, Yoshizaki K, Toledo-Arruda AC, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Andrade MDF, Mauad T, Rivero DHRF, Saldiva PHN. Acute cardiopulmonary effects induced by the inhalation of concentrated ambient particles during seasonal variation in the city of São Paulo. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:492-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00156.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particles may undergo modifications to their chemical composition as a consequence of climatic variability. The determination of whether these changes modify the toxicity of the particles is important for the understanding of the health effects associated with particle exposure. The objectives were to determine whether low levels of particles promote cardiopulmonary effects, and to assess if the observed alterations are influenced by season. Mice were exposed to 200 μg/m3 concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and filtered air (FA) in cold/dry and warm/humid periods. Lung hyperresponsiveness, heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure were evaluated 30 min after each exposure. After 24 h, blood and tissue samples were collected. During both periods (warm/humid and cold/dry), CAPs induced alterations in red blood cells and lung inflammation. During the cold/dry period, CAPs reduced the mean corpuscular volume levels and increased erythrocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width coefficient variation levels compared with the FA group. Similarly, CAPs during the warm/humid period decreased mean corpuscular volume levels and increased erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell distribution width coefficient variation levels compared with the FA group. CAPs during the cold/dry period increased the influx of neutrophils in the alveolar parenchyma. Short-term exposure to low concentrations of CAPs elicited modest but significant pulmonary inflammation and, to a lesser extent, changes in blood parameters. In addition, our data support the concept that changes in climate conditions slightly modify particle toxicity because equivalent doses of CAPs in the cold/dry period produced a more exacerbated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôse Mára de Brito
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Yoshizaki
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta Toledo-Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Maria de Fátima Andrade
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Wu S, Deng F, Hao Y, Wang X, Zheng C, Lv H, Lu X, Wei H, Huang J, Qin Y, Shima M, Guo X. Fine particulate matter, temperature, and lung function in healthy adults: findings from the HVNR study. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:168-174. [PMID: 24548647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Both ambient particulate air pollution and temperature alterations have been associated with adverse human health effects, but the interactive effect of ambient particulate and temperature on human health remains uncertain. The present study investigated the effects of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter⩽2.5 μm (PM2.5) and temperature on human lung function simultaneously in a panel of 21 healthy university students from the Healthy Volunteer Natural Relocation (HVNR) study in the context of suburban/urban air pollution in Beijing, China. Each study subject used an electronic diary meter to record peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) twice a day for 6 months in three periods before and after relocating from a suburban area to an urban area with changing ambient PM2.5 and temperature levels in Beijing. Hourly-averaged environmental data were obtained from central air-monitoring sites. Exposure effects were estimated using generalized linear mixed models controlling for potential confounders. Study subjects provided 6494 daily measurements on PEF and 6460 daily measurements on FEV1 over the study. PM2.5 was associated with reductions in evening PEF and morning/evening FEV1 whereas temperature was associated with reductions in morning PEF. The estimated PM2.5 effects on evening PEF and morning/evening FEV1 in the presence of high temperature were generally stronger than those in the presence of low temperature, and the estimated temperature effects on morning/evening PEF and morning FEV1 in the presence of high PM2.5 were also generally stronger than those in the presence of low PM2.5. For example, there were a 2.47% (95% confidence interval: -4.24, -0.69) reduction and a 0.78% (95% confidence interval: -1.59, 0.03) reduction in evening PEF associated with an interquartile range increase (78.7 μg/m(3)) in PM2.5 at 4-d moving average in the presence of high temperature (⩾21.6 °C) and low temperature (<21.6 °C), respectively. Our findings suggest that ambient particulate and temperature may interact synergistically to cause adverse respiratory health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Lv
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
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28
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Zeliger HI. Exposure to lipophilic chemicals as a cause of neurological impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:103-10. [PMID: 24678247 PMCID: PMC3967436 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have associated environmental exposure to chemicals with neurological impairments (NIs) including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); neurodegenerative diseases (NDGs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The environmental chemicals shown to induce all these diseases include persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the plastic exudates bisphenol A and phthalates, low molecular weight hydrocarbons (LMWHCs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is reported here that though these chemicals differ widely in their chemical properties, reactivities and known points of attack in humans, a common link does exist between them. All are lipophilic species found in serum and they promote the sequential absorption of otherwise non-absorbed toxic hydrophilic species causing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold I Zeliger
- Zeliger Chemical, Toxicological, and Environmental Research, West Charlton, NY, USA
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29
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Zeliger HI. Lipophilic chemical exposure as a cause of cardiovascular disease. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:55-62. [PMID: 24179429 PMCID: PMC3798856 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposure has been linked to numerous diseases in humans. These diseases include cancers; neurological and neurodegenerative diseases; metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity; reproductive and developmental disorders; and endocrine disorders. Many studies have associated the link between exposures to environmental chemicals and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These chemicals include persistent organic pollutants (POPs); the plastic exudates bisphenol A and phthalates; low molecular weight hydrocarbons (LMWHCs); and poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Here it is reported that though the chemicals reported on differ widely in chemical properties and known points of attack in humans, a common link exists between them. All are lipophilic species that are found in serum. Environmentally induced CVD is related to total lipophilic chemical load in the blood. Lipophiles serve to promote the absorption of otherwise not absorbed toxic hydrophilic species that promote CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold I Zeliger
- Zeliger Chemical, Toxicological and Environmental Research, West Charlton, New York, USA
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30
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Emerenziani GP, Migliaccio S, Gallotta MC, Lenzi A, Baldari C, Guidetti L. Physical exercise intensity prescription to improve health and fitness in overweight and obese subjects: A review of the literature. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.56a2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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