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Bu A, Yao G, Zhou C, Mao Z, Liu B, Ma J, Fang X, Liu D, Ye Z. Effect of AC electric field on enhancing phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils in different pH soils. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18035. [PMID: 39098964 PMCID: PMC11298512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To increase the efficiency of phytoremediation to clean up heavy metals in soil, assisted with alternating current (AC) electric field technology is a promising choice. Our experiments utilized the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance and the fast-growing, high-biomass willow (Salix sp.). We investigated the efficiency of AC field combined with S. alfredii-willow intercropping for removing Cd from soils with different pH values. In the AC electric field treatment with S. alfredii-willow intercropping, the available Cd content in acidic soil increased by 50.00% compared to the control, and in alkaline soil, the increase was 100.00%. Furthermore, AC electric field promoted Cd uptake by plants in both acidic and alkaline soils, with Cd accumulation in the aboveground increased by 20.52% (P < 0.05) and 11.73%, respectively. In conclusion, the integration of AC electric fields with phytoremediation demonstrates significant favorable effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Yao
- Jiashan County Agricultural and Rural Burean, Zhejiang, 314000, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chuikang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhansheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
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Medina-Díaz HL, López-Bellido FJ, Alonso-Azcárate J, Fernández-Morales FJ, Rodríguez L. Can rare earth elements be recovered from abandoned mine tailings by means of electrokinetic-assisted phytoextraction? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26747-26759. [PMID: 38456984 PMCID: PMC11052889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Given the high impact of traditional mining, the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from hazardous waste materials could become an option for the future in accordance with the principles of the circular economy. In this work, the technical feasibility of REEs recovery from metal mine tailings has been explored using electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Phytoextraction combined with both AC current and DC current with reversal polarity was applied (1 V cm-1, 8 h day-1) to real mine tailings containing a total concentration of REEs (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) of around 146 mg kg-1. Changes in REEs geochemical fractionation and their concentrations in the soil pore water showed the mobilization of REEs caused by plants and electric current; REE availability was increased to a higher extent for combined electrokinetic-assisted phytoextraction treatments showing the relevant role of plants in the process. Our results demonstrated the initial hypothesis that it is feasible to recover REEs from real metal mining waste by phytoextraction and that the performance of this technology can be significantly improved by applying electric current, especially of the AC type, which increased REE accumulation in ryegrass in the range 57-68% as compared to that of the treatment without electric field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassay Lizeth Medina-Díaz
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Bellido
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, S/N, 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jacinto Alonso-Azcárate
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández-Morales
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Medina-Díaz HL, López-Bellido FJ, Alonso-Azcárate J, Fernández-Morales FJ, Rodríguez L. A new hyperaccumulator plant (Spergularia rubra) for the decontamination of mine tailings through electrokinetic-assisted phytoextraction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169543. [PMID: 38145688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The screening of new effective metal hyperaccumulators is essential for the development of profitable phytoremediation projects in highly degraded environments such as mining areas. The goal of this research was to analyze the phytoextraction potential of the native plant Spergularia rubra to decontaminate and eventually recover metals (phytomining) from the mine tailings (belonging to an abandoned Pb/Zn Spanish mine) in which it grows spontaneously. To do so, the ability of this plant species to accumulate metals was evaluated both under natural conditions and through simple and electrokinetically assisted phytoextraction tests using alternating current and different combinations of voltage gradient (1/2 V cm-1) and application time (6/12 h per day). The complete duration of the greenhouse trial was 64 days, although alternating current was applied only during the last 14 days. The results obtained demonstrated the exceptional effectiveness of S. rubra for metal hyperaccumulation and growth without affecting toxicity in highly contaminated mining waste. Zn was the metal accumulated to a higher extent in the shoots, reaching concentrations up to 17,800 mg kg-1; Pb was mainly accumulated in the roots reaching a maximum concentration of 8709 mg kg-1. Cu and Cd were accumulated to a lesser extent but the bioconcentration factors were much >1. It has been proved that S. rubra is a hyperaccumulator species for Zn and Cd both in natural and greenhouse conditions and, very probably, Pb in wild conditions. The application of AC current did not significantly increase metal concentrations in plant tissues but it was able to increase the aerial biomass of S. rubra by 49.8 %. As a result, the phytoextraction yields of all metals were significantly improved as compared to wild conditions (up to 86 % for Zn). It could open new expectations about the economic viability of recovering high-value metals from mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassay Lizeth Medina-Díaz
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Bellido
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, s./n, 13003 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jacinto Alonso-Azcárate
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández-Morales
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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4
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Comparison of the effects of biological and electrical stimulation on the growth of Zea mays. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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5
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Medina-Díaz HL, López-Bellido FJ, Alonso-Azcárate J, Fernández-Morales FJ, Rodríguez L. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF ELECTROKINETIC-ASSISTED PHYTOEXTRACTION OF METALS FROM MINE TAILINGS BY APPLYING DIRECT AND ALTERNATE CURRENT. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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6
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Su R, Wang Y, Huang S, Chen R, Wang J. Application for Ecological Restoration of Contaminated Soil: Phytoremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013124. [PMID: 36293698 PMCID: PMC9603173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious, mainly deriving from natural and man-made sources [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkui Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Shunhong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Runhua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (J.W.)
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7
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Gao P, Wang S, Cheng F, Guo S. Improvement of the electrokinetic fluxes by tall fescue: Alleviation of ion attenuation and maintainability of soil colloidal properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133128. [PMID: 34861265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to address the attenuation of electrokinetic fluxes that occur during plant (tall fescue)-based electrokinetic remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Following 60 days of treatment, the concentration of water-soluble cations and anions in the electrokinetics-assisted phytoremediation treatment (EK-P) were 20.03 mg/kg and 15.7 mg/kg higher than that in the electrokinetic (EK) treatment, respectively. At the electrode, plants were able to alleviate the ion aggregation effect caused by the electrokinetics, reduce the conversion of soluble ions to insoluble ones, and reduce the decay of water-soluble ions. In addition, the zeta potential of EK-P was 5.05 mV lower than that of EK. Plants maintained the stability of the soil colloid and reduced the movement of the peak of colloidal particle size from small to large particles, thereby reducing the amount of colloidal deposition. Finally, the EK-P current was 22.49% higher than that in EK while the electrokinetic effect was maintained. Meanwhile, electrokinetics increased plant biomass by 20.21%. Electrokinetics was found to create a synergy with the plants, an effect that eventually enhanced the rate of oil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
| | - Fenglian Cheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
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8
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. The effects of different electrode materials on seed germination of Solanum nigrum L. and its Cd accumulation in soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:291-299. [PMID: 34963538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L. seed germination were determined. The result showed that germination percentage (GP) of seeds in treatment T2 (titanium electrode) was 26.6% higher than in control (CK, without electric field). High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2, which could partly explain the increase in GP. Cd accumulation (μg/pot) in S. nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in CK without electric field. Specifically, Cd accumulation under the treatment T3 (stainless steel electrode) was the highest both in roots and shoots; this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7 % and 67.4 % higher for stainless steel than in CK. This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass. In particular, Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK (p<0.05), which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region. Furthermore, it could be attributed to altered soil pH and other soil properties. Moreover, none of the biomasses were significantly affected (p<0.05) by different electrode materials compared to CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhao B, Sun Z, Liu Y. An overview of in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149981. [PMID: 34517309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Faced with the increasing nitrate pollution in groundwater, in-situ remediation has been widely studied and applied on field-scale as an efficient, economical and less disturbing remediation technology. In this review, we discussed various in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater and elaborate on biostimulation, phytoremediation, electrokinetic remediation, permeable reactive barrier and combined remediation. This review described principles of each in-situ remediation, application, the latest progress, problems and challenges on field-scale. Factors affecting the efficiency of in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater are also summarized. Finally, this review presented the prospect of in-situ remediation for nitrate pollution in groundwater. The objective of this review is to examine the state of knowledge on in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater and critically evaluate factors which affect the up-scaling of laboratory and bench-scale research to field-scale application. This helps to better understand the control mechanisms of various in-situ remediation for nitrate pollution in groundwater and the design options available for application to the field-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Yajie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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Morales C, Solís S, Bacame-Valenzuela F, Reyes-Vidal Y, Cárdenas J, Manríquez J, Bustos E. Electrical stimulation of Cucumis sativus in an Antrosol using modified electrodes with transition metal oxides at the in situ pilot level. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Yuan L, Guo P, Guo S, Wang J, Huang Y. Influence of electrical fields enhanced phytoremediation of multi-metal contaminated soil on soil parameters and plants uptake in different soil sections. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111290. [PMID: 33965386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electrical fields on phytoremediation of multi-metal (Cd, Cu, and Zn) naturally contaminated soils has been investigated based on different soil sections. After ryegrass and hybrid penisetum were sowed for 30 d, electrical fields were applied during 30 days with the switching polarity every 30 min and continuing for 16 h d-1. After electrokinetic (EK) assisted phytoremediation process, soil electrical conductivity (EC) in anode section and available soil potassium (K) in cathode section were obviously elevated. Plants biomass in middle and cathode sections were increased in both plants, especially in middle section the overall biomass of hybrid penisetum increased by 68.8%. The influence of electrical field on the contents of heavy metals in plants was different depending on the species of plants, kind of heavy metals and soil section. For Cd, Cu, and Zn co-contaminated soils, shoot metals accumulation in middle section in both plants were improved at least about 20% (with the exception of Zn in ryegrass). Electrical fields had the most significant effect on copper absorption by ryegrass and shoot Cu accumulation were elevated 32.5% in all the section. The soil EC maybe an important factor that affected electrical fields enhanced plants growth, plant metals concentrations and remediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Shuhai Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
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12
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Jiang Z, Jiang D, Zhou Q, Zheng Z, Cao B, Meng Q, Qu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Enhancing the atrazine tolerance of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum by inoculating with indole-3-acetic acid producing strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis PAS18. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110854. [PMID: 32585484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine as a kind of herbicide could cause damage to the sensitive plants. Though plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been proven with the potential to enhance the resistance of plants against various abiotic stresses, whether it could alleviate phytotoxicity caused by atrazine is sill unclear. In present study, the effects of strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis PAS18, a kind of PGPR enable to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), on the growth and physiological responses of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K.Schum seedlings were investigated under three different levels (0, 20 and 100 mg kg-1) of atrazine in pot experiment. The results suggest that strain PAS18 could alleviate the growth and physiological interference caused by 20 mg kg-1 of atrazine. Physiological analysis showed strain PAS18 could further decrease the damaged extent of photosystem II, superoxide radical level and malondialdehyde content of test plant via up-regulating psbA expression, enhancing superoxide dismutase activity and reducing atrazine accumulation in the test plant. Moreover, ion flux measurements suggest that IAA could alleviate the Ca2+ exflux state of the test plant which caused by atrazine stress. Hence, it is plausible that strain PAS18 could alleviate atrazine-induced stress to P. americanum by enhancing the photosystem II repair and antioxidant defense ability as well as balancing the Ca2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Duo Jiang
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qihang Zhou
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bo Cao
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qingjuan Meng
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Wu Y, Wang S, Cheng F, Guo P, Guo S. Enhancement of electrokinetic-bioremediation by ryegrass: Sustainability of electrokinetic effect and improvement of n-hexadecane degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109717. [PMID: 32540569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation-assisted electrokinetic-bioremediation is a novel technology for soil remediation. We aimed to study the effects of a plant (ryegrass) on electrokinetic-bioremediation in n-hexadecane-contaminated soil. After treatment for 40 days, the n-hexadecane degradation ratio of electrokinetic-bioremediation-ryegrass (EK-Bio-RG) was 4.86% higher than that of electrokinetic-bioremediation (EK-Bio) (p < 0.05), with a maximum constant degradation rate (107.23 ± 4.62 mg kg-1· d-1). Owing to the improved electrical conductivity, 73.28% of the initial current was maintained on the 40th day in EK-Bio-RG, which was 1.62 times that in EK-Bio. Furthermore, ryegrass reduced the soil zeta potential, which indicated the alleviation of the soil electric double layer compression and prevention of the aggregation of small soil colloids into larger ones. The fine colloidal structure was conducive to mass transfer in electrokinetic-bioremediation. An analysis of the microbial community showed that the degradation of n-hexadecane was mainly attributable to gram-positive bacteria, and a new microbial community was gradually constructed in the rhizosphere, which still metabolized n-hexadecane. The results indicated that the sustainability of the electrokinetic effect was improved combined with ryegrass, and the harmonious micro-environment in the rhizosphere was constructed which furtherly optimized the EK-Bio technology to remediate organics-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
| | - Fenglian Cheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
| | - Penghong Guo
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
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14
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Lu Q. Insights into the remediation of cadmium-pyrene co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic and the influence factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126861. [PMID: 32348925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium-pyrene co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic (EK) and the influence factors were investigated in this study. The artificial contaminated soils were treated for 20 days in EK experimental setups without electrolyte solution reservoirs, to simulate in-situ remediation of unsaturated soil. The results indicated that polarity-reversing electric field had maintained soil pH in the range of 7.27-7.67. Cadmium (Cd) contaminant would aggregate near electrodes, and the average Cd concentration in these areas had reached 72.21 mg/kg (original 51.6 mg/kg), while the value in soil farthest away from electrodes was 33.58 mg/kg. The reasons for Cd aggregated were: the insoluble hydroxide formations attribute to the frequently alternation of acid-base environment, and the decrease of pH and water holding capacity in soil away from electrodes would promote the dissolved Cd movement by electro-osmosis flow. Although the applied electric field could promote the growth and activity of pyrene-degrading microorganisms (PDM), the soluble Cd would be the restriction factor, especially in soil near electrodes. However, the highest (56.38%) pyrene removal efficiency (PRE) was achieved near electrodes due to the synergistic effect of electric filed and PDM, and PRE was positively correlated with the PDM number in soil away from electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Shanghai Prestige Environmental Engineering Co., LTD., Shanghai, 201499, China.
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15
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Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li Q, Cheng C, Shen H, Zhang Z. Bioelectrochemical remediation of Cr(VI)/Cd(II)-contaminated soil in bipolar membrane microbial fuel cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109582. [PMID: 32361081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal contaminated soils post great environmental and health concerns. In this study, Cr and Cd which are frequently observed in contaminated soils, were selected as representatives of hazardous heavy metals because of their different redox potentials and electric charges. Cr(VI)-, Cd(II)-, Cr(VI)/Cd(II)-contaminated soils were remediated in two-chamber air-cathode MFCs, in order to investigate the remediation of soil contaminated by single heavy metal and mixed heavy metals. Four ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were first evaluated to find out that bipolar membrane (BPM) was able to well maintain pH in both anolyte and catholyte, which was beneficial to support biological metabolism and heavy metal removal. It was also found that heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd or Cr/Cd) could migrate toward the cathode forming a concentration gradient under the weak electric field. The interaction between negatively charged Cr and positively charged Cd had no major effect to hinder each other on the migration, suggesting that the reduction reaction and electric field should be the main motivation for metal ion migration. The remediation performance of mixed heavy metal contaminated soil was superior to that of single heavy metal contaminated soil, for the possible reason of smaller internal resistance under mixed heavy metal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Technology Institute of Drilling & Production Qinghai Oilfield, Qinghai, 736202, China
| | - Changkun Cheng
- Technology Institute of Drilling & Production Qinghai Oilfield, Qinghai, 736202, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Technology Institute of Drilling & Production Qinghai Oilfield, Qinghai, 736202, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
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16
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Paixão IC, López-Vizcaíno R, Solano AMS, Martínez-Huitle CA, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA, Dos Santos EV. Electrokinetic-Fenton for the remediation low hydraulic conductivity soil contaminated with petroleum. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126029. [PMID: 32035385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrokinetic Fenton (EK Fenton) process, as promising soil remediation approach, was investigated by using an iron electrode with different supporting electrolytes (tap water, H2O2, and citric acid) to depollute soil spiked with petroleum where kaolin was selected as low hydraulic conductivity. The results clearly confirm that, the combination of electrokinetic remediation (EK) and Fenton technologies, is an efficient oxidizing approach for removing hydrocarbons from this kind of soil. In fact, the electrokinetic Fenton reactions and the control of the soil pH conditions by adding citric acid enhanced the oxidation process because the addition of the H2O2 with iron electrode resulted in higher removal efficiencies (89%) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These figures allowed to confirm that EK Fenton process with pH control contributed for the transport of H2O2 and Fe2+ ions in the soil by electromigration and eletro-osmotic phenomena. Conversely, no control of pH conditions when only EK was applied, achieved lower hydrocarbons removal (27%) after 15 d of treatment due to the precipitation of iron ions. Finally, the efficiency of the EK Fenton remediation prevented the generation of secondary effluent with higher organic content, avoiding its treatment by other advanced oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Paixão
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - R López-Vizcaíno
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil; Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A M S Solano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E. Costa Novella Buiding, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - E V Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil.
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17
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. The effects of different electric fields and electrodes on Solanum nigrum L. Cd hyperaccumulation in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125666. [PMID: 31896016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetics is a new attempt of strengthening hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Cd extraction. The effects of different electric fields and electrodes on S. nigrum accumulating Cd among of four electric field conditions (1 V cm-1) and two electrodes were determined. The results showed that the AC electric field significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) the growth of S. nigrum, and the biomass increased nearly by 40% compared with the control, while the DC electric field (including the switching polarity) had no significant effect. Electric field significantly increased (p < 0.05) Cd concentration in S. nigrum and the highest one was recorded for the DC electric field with switching polarity. S. nigrum Cd accumulation (ug pot-1) was the highest under the AC electric field, which was nearly 70% higher compared to the control. The innovation found was that the role of biomass enhancement for S. nigrum accumulating Cd (ug pot-1) was the first and increased Cd concentration was secondary under AC electrical field, which might be relative with S. nigrum is a weed species. Basically, there was no significant difference between the graphite and stainless steel electrode, but under AC electric field conditions, Cd accumulation of S. nigrum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than stainless steel electrode, which is worthy of further revelation besides of statistic factor. In general, the accumulation (ug pot-1) of Cd by S. nigrum was the highest under the AC electric field, which was a very important reference for the electrokinetic conditions to be used in the practice of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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18
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Gholinejad B, Khashij S, Ghorbani F, Bandak I, Farajollahi A. Effects of lead ions on germination, initial growth, and physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne L. species and its bioaccumulation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11155-11163. [PMID: 31960238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the responses of Lolium perenne L. species to lead ions. To do this, the effects of lead ions at five levels: control (blank), 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg or mg/L (depending on germination in the soil or petri dish) on the germination, initial growth, and physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne were investigated. The results showed that the difference between various lead concentrations was statistically significant at 1% confidence level in all of the germination, vegetative, and physiological characteristics. In addition, the results of translocation and stress factors indicated that there was a significant difference between the control treatment and the concentrations of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L of lead ions. Results show that the mean value of stress, which was 0.3196 in the control value, reached 0.4154 at the concentrations 1000 mg/L. Different levels of lead ions had significant effect on the estimated characteristics including germination percentage, seed vigor, germination index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, root, and shoot. The average germination percentage in the control was 46.66%, which decreased by 5% at the highest lead concentration. In addition, the average of seed vigor, which was 34.06 in the control conditions, decreased to 0.72 at the highest lead concentration. Also, the chlorophyll a dropped from 0.5261 mg/g in the control conditions to 0.3149 mg/g. On the other hand, increase in lead ion concentration affected the physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne species. Results suggest that Lolium perenne is capable of accumulating lead and is well tolerant to lead in soil. Therefore, it is concluded that it can be used for sowing on lands which are polluted to this heavy metal (up to the concentration of 1000 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Gholinejad
- Department of Rangeland & Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Shima Khashij
- Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghorbani
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Isa Bandak
- Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Asghar Farajollahi
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
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19
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Sánchez V, López-Bellido FJ, Cañizares P, Villaseñor J, Rodríguez L. Scaling up the electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation of atrazine-polluted soils using reversal of electrode polarity: A mesocosm study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109806. [PMID: 31759201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation (EKPR) has been recently proposed for the removal of pesticides from polluted soils. In this work, we report the results from an EKPR experiment that was carried out in a mesocosm mock-up of 0.386 m3 using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and a low permeability soil spiked with atrazine. Plants were initially grown for 35 days; then, the soil was spiked with atrazine at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 soil. A DC electrical field of 0.6 V cm-1 was applied 24 h every day, switching polarity daily. Another identical mock-up with the same experimental conditions but without plants was used for comparison purposes. The duration of the EKPR test was 19 days during which some operational parameters were registered (electric current intensity, soil pH and temperature) and soil porewater samples were taken and analysed. Plant tissues and soil samples from the different sections in which the mock-ups were divided, were also collected and analysed at the end of the experiment. 3-D profiles of soil pH, water content and atrazine residues concentration in plants and soil were obtained and discussed. The results of this experiment were compared with others previously reported by us from a similar EKPR pot test. In spite of the difficulties to get an adequate geometric and operational similarity between setups of different scale, the main output parameters of the EKPR process (electric current, specific current charge, overall atrazine removal, specific atrazine removal efficiency, root biomass:soil weight ratio) were discussed. It was shown that, although the processes carried out are essentially the same in both scales, their extent may be quite different; it highlights the limitations of small-scale experiments to predict the results at field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtudes Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 2, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Bellido
- Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, S/n, 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 2, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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20
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Sánchez V, López-Bellido FJ, Rodrigo MA, Fernández FJ, Rodríguez L. A mesocosm study of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation of atrazine-polluted soils. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Sánchez V, López-Bellido J, Rodrigo MA, Rodríguez L. Enhancing the removal of atrazine from soils by electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:204-212. [PMID: 31154181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) continues being one of the most frequently detected pesticides in natural waters and soils. In this work, an electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation pot test (EKPR) was performed for the remediation of an atrazine-spiked soil; a low electric voltage gradient (1 V cm-1) with two different electric field operation times (6 and 24 h per day) was used in combination with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). EKPR increased up to 27% and 7% the overall ATR removal from soil as compared to natural attenuation and phytoremediation treatments, respectively. ATR soil concentration vs time curves were fitted to a pseudofirst-order kinetic equation, obtaining ATR half-life values of 8.2, 7.1 and 5.4 days for the treatments corresponding, respectively, to 0, 6 and 24 h day-1 of electric current application. It clearly showed that the ATR removal from soils was enhanced by the electric field. ATR plant accumulation was significantly improved with respect to phytoremediation when the electric current was continuously applied throughout the experiment (24 h day-1); most of the ATR residues were accumulated in the shoot biomass of the ryegrass plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtudes Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Javier López-Bellido
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, s/n, 13003, Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain).
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22
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Rada EC, Andreottola G, Istrate IA, Viotti P, Conti F, Magaril ER. Remediation of Soil Polluted by Organic Compounds Through Chemical Oxidation and Phytoremediation Combined with DCT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173179. [PMID: 31480429 PMCID: PMC6747527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with organic substances is an important issue across Europe: In some areas, these are the main causes of pollution, or the second after contamination from waste disposal. This paper included an experimental application that compared three methods of remediation of contaminated sites, based on electric fields: A single treatment (electroremediation); and two combined treatments, phyto-electrochemical and electrooxidation (a combination of chemical treatment and a DCT-direct current technology). The contaminated soil was taken from a former industrial area devoted to oil refining, located between two roads: The one national and the other one for industrial use. Nine soil samples were collected at two depths (0.2 and 0.4 m). The initial characterization of the soil showed a density of 1.5 g/cm³ and a moisture of about 20%; regarding grain size, 50% of the soil had particles with a diameter less than 0.08 mm. The electrochemical treatment and electrooxidation had an efficiency of 20% while the two combined methods had efficiencies of 42.5% for electrooxidation (with H2O2) and 20% for phyto-electroremediation (phyto-ER) with poinsettias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Irina Aura Istrate
- Department of Biotechnical System, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spaiul Independentei 313, sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, University Sapienza of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Conti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Romenovna Magaril
- Department of Environmental Economics, Ural Federal University, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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23
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Huang H, Tang J, Niu Z, Giesy JP. Interactions between electrokinetics and rhizoremediation on the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:418-425. [PMID: 31082709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An electrokinetics (EK)-enhanced phytoremediation system with ryegrass was constructed to remediate crude oil-polluted soil. The four treatments employed in this study included (1) without EK or ryegrass (CK-NR), (2) EK only (EK-NR), (3) ryegrass only (CK-R), and (4) EK and ryegrass (EK-R). After 30d of ryegrass growth, EK at 1.0 V·cm-1 with polarity reversal (PR-EK) was supplied for another 30 d. The electric current was recorded during remediation. The pH, electrical conductivity, total petroleum hydrocarbon content (TPH), 16S rDNA, functional genes of AlkB, Nah, and Phe, DGGE, and dehydrogenase activity in soil were measured. The physical-chemical indexes of the plant included the length, dry mass, and chlorophyll contents of the ryegrass. Results showed that EK-R removed 18.53 ± 0.53% of TPH, which was higher than that of other treatments (13.34-14.31%). Meanwhile, the values of 16S rDNA, AlkB, Nah, Phe, and dehydrogenase activity in the bulk soil of EK-R all increased. Further clustering analysis with numbers of genes and DGGE demonstrated that EK-R was similar to the ryegrass rhizosphere soils in both EK-R and CK-R, while the EK treatment of EK-NR was similar to that of CK-NR without EK and ryegrass. These results indicate that the PR-EK treatment used in this experiment successfully enlarged the existing scale of the rhizosphere microorganisms, improved microbial activity and enhanced degradation of TPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhirui Niu
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Cameselle C, Gouveia S, Urréjola S. Benefits of phytoremediation amended with DC electric field. Application to soils contaminated with heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:481-488. [PMID: 31091489 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the DC electric current in the physicochemical properties of soil. The electric current may induce changes in pH and electric conductivity that will be reflected in the distribution of the electric potential in the soil specimen. This information will be used for the development of a phytoremediation technology amended with electric current. The results showed that low or moderate voltage gradients (0.67 V/cm) induced small changes in physicochemical properties of soil that do not compromise plant survival. The selected voltage gradient was used in electro-phytoremediation tests in soil contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn). Two plants species adapted to the soil and climate conditions were selected (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa and Lolium perenne L.). The electric field enhanced the plant growing, mainly in L. perenne, and increased the phytoremediation of the 6 metals. Mixed cultures of the two plant species showed interesting results for large scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cameselle
- Associate Professor, BiotecnIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Susana Gouveia
- Postdoctoral Researcher, BiotecnIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Santiago Urréjola
- Associate Professor, University Center for Defense (CUD), Naval Academy, Marín, Pontevedra. Plaza de España, s/n. 36920 Marín, Spain.
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25
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Sánchez V, López-Bellido FJ, Rodrigo MA, Rodríguez L. Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation of atrazine: Differences between electrode and interelectrode soil sections. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Luo J, Xing X, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XWS. Comparing the risk of metal leaching in phytoremediation using Noccaea caerulescens with or without electric field. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:661-668. [PMID: 30391887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulators can mobilize all metals in soil through secreting exudates to form soluble compounds but only hyperaccumulate part of them. Metals that cannot be accumulated are defined as non-hyperaccumulated metals and can increase the leaching risk in phytoremediation. Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens) was utilized to remediate multi-metal polluted soil in the present study, and the leaching risk of non-hyperaccumulated metals including Cu and Pb was investigated during the phytoremediation process. Comparing with Thlaspi arvense, a non-hyperaccumulator, N. caerulescens significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd and Zn in leachate gathered from precipitation simulation experiments without electric field, but meanwhile dramatically increased the concentrations of Cu and Pb in soil solution. Electric field with low (2 V) and moderate (4 V) voltages increased the biomass yield and metal uptake capacity of N. caerulescens simultaneously and therefore further reduced the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the leachate. Although the volume of leachate decreased significantly in pots with electric field, the leaching risk of Pb and Cu was deteriorated. Thus, decontaminating multi-metal polluted soil with electric field and hyperaccumulator should be conducted with caution due to potential secondary environmental risk caused by activated non-hyperaccumulated metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinli Xing
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Luo J, He M, Wu J, Huo S, Gu XS. Comparing storage battery and solar cell in assisting Eucalyptus Globulus to phytoremediate soil polluted by Cd, Pb, and Cu. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:181-190. [PMID: 30656980 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1501342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal decontamination and leaching alleviation capacity of Eucalyptus globulus with and without electric field were investigated using ICP-MS. The biomass production of the chosen plant increased from 0.87 kg in planting control without electrokinetic treatment to 1.16 and 1.42 kg in experiments with electric field supplied by storage battery and solar cell, respectively. Under the influence of electric field with a voltage of 6.5 V, significantly more Cd, Pb and Cu were extracted by the species. Precipitation simulation was performed to evaluate the capacity of battery and solar panel to intercept leaching. The total volume of leachate gathered from the control decreased from 1012 mL to 299 and 336 mL in containers treated by storage battery and solar cell, respectively. In addition to reduction of leachate, the leaching mass of Cd, Pb and Cu was decreased significantly by electric fields (both battery and solar cell) treatments. The effect of remediation and environmental risk alleviation by solar cell was comparable with storage battery, at least during the 30-day experimental period. On the basis of the present study, solar cell should be a suitable substitute for conventional power supply to improve metal polluted soil when considering phytoremediation efficiency and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- a College of Resources and Environment , Yangtze University , Wuhan , China
- b China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Mei He
- a College of Resources and Environment , Yangtze University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jian Wu
- b China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Siyuan Huo
- a College of Resources and Environment , Yangtze University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaowen Sophie Gu
- c College of Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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Cameselle C, Gouveia S. Phytoremediation of mixed contaminated soil enhanced with electric current. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:95-102. [PMID: 30176420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa is a plant species that can germinate and grow in mixed contaminated soil with PAH and metals (Cr, Pb and Cd). This plant was selected among 14 plant species for electro-phytoremediation tests because its fast germination and growth in contaminated soil. The influence of type of the electric field (AC, DC) and mode of application (continuous, periodic and polarity inversion) was studied in the electro-phytoremediation tests. The application of 1 ACV/cm potential gradient around B. rapa resulted in the effective elimination of anthracene and phenanthrene, but only minor metal removal. The results of this work suggest that alternating current (AC) may be the most suitable electric field for large scale applications. The spatial configuration of electrodes affects the distribution of the electric field in the soil. Various spatial distribution of electrodes have been tested and it has been identified that parallel anodes and cathodes on the soil surface are the most appropriate configuration for field scale applications. Other configurations can be used to concentrate the contaminant around the growing pant or to transport the contaminants from deep soil layers to the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cameselle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Rua Maxwell s/n, Building Fundicion, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Susana Gouveia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Rua Maxwell s/n, Building Fundicion, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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Rocha I, Silva K, Silva D, Martínez-Huitle C, Santos E. Coupling electrokinetic remediation with phytoremediation for depolluting soil with petroleum and the use of electrochemical technologies for treating the effluent generated. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Luo J, Yang D, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XS. Using solar cell to phytoremediate field-scale metal polluted soil assisted by electric field. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:404-410. [PMID: 30218963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus were used to remediate a real scale site endangered by e-waste with electric fields supplied by solar cell and conventional storage battery. The capacity of the species to produce biomass, absorb pollutants and decontaminate metals, as well as the soil moisture of various layers under different treatments was compared. During the 3-month experiment, the output potential of solar cell influenced by weather conditions was less stable (ranging from 0 to 8.3 V) comparing with traditional power supply. Solar cell and storage battery stimulated the growth of the species from 5.92 in control to 7.21 and 7.38 kg per plant, respectively, demonstrating their similar improvement effect. Electric fields of either power source increased the metal concentrations of plant roots and shoots in equal proportions and subsequently greatly promoted the efficiency to decontaminate pollutants. Relative to the control without electric field, solar cell and storage battery treatments reduced the soil moisture of each corresponding layer and consequently, alleviated the leaching risk. At the termination of the experiment, metals tended to distribute in the surface layer under electric field assisted phytoremediation either by solar cell or storage battery. Comparing with conventional battery, solar cell has similar effect on improving remediation and mitigating leaching risk, but is less energy consuming and easier to manage, especially under real scale field. Solar cell treatment was suggested to be a suitable supplementary means to improve phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Sánchez V, López-Bellido FJ, Cañizares P, Rodríguez L. Can electrochemistry enhance the removal of organic pollutants by phytoremediation? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 225:280-287. [PMID: 30098494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation test using maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted in order to assess the role of the electric field on the enhancement of plant uptake and degradation of the moderate polar pesticide atrazine in spiked soils. Twelve different treatments, including two different initial atrazine soil doses (5 and 10 mg kg-1) and two different values of the electric field applied (2 and 4 V cm-1), together with the corresponding control treatments without plants and/or without electric current, were tested. The application of an electric field during a period of 4 h a day and with periodical polarity inversion (each 2 h) did not caused significant changes in soil pH; moreover, maize plants increased the buffering capacity of the soil. The application of an electric field of 2 V cm-1 led to a slight decrease on maize biomass while the accumulation of atrazine and its main metabolites in plant tissues was significantly enhanced. On the overall, the yield of atrazine removal by electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation with maize was increased up to 36.5% with respect to the phytoremediation process without electricity. On our knowledge, this work is the first one specifically focused on the removal of organic pollutants from soils by using the combination of phytoremediation and electrokinetic remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtudes Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Bellido
- Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, s/n, 13003 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real Spain.
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Silva KN, Paiva SS, Souza FL, Silva D, Martínez-Huitle CA, Santos EV. Applicability of electrochemical technologies for removing and monitoring Pb2+ from soil and water. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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