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Zhang A, Wei P, Ding L, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Mi L, Yu F, Tang M. Associations of serum lead, cadmium, and mercury concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116556. [PMID: 38852466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates an association between exposure to toxic metals and the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the impact of exposure to harmful metallic elements, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), on mortality in individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains uncertain. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed data from 4139 adults diagnosed with CMM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016. CMM was defined as the presence of at least two CMDs (hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and coronary artery disease). Over an average follow-up period of 9.0 years, 1379 deaths from all causes, 515 deaths related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 215 deaths attributable to cancer were recorded. After adjusting for potential covariates, serum Pb concentrations were not associated with all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. Participants exposed to Cd had an elevated risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95 % CI, 1.16-1.30), CVD-related mortality (HR, 1.23; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.35), and cancer-related mortality (HR, 1.29; 95 % CI, 1.13-1.47). Participants with serum Hg levels in the highest quantile had lower risks of all-cause (HR, 0.64; 95 % CI, 0.52-0.80) and CVD-related (HR, 0.62; 95 % CI, 0.44-0.88) mortality than did those in the lowest quantile. Stratified analyses revealed significant interactions between serum Cd concentrations and age for CVD-related mortality (P for interaction =0.011), indicating that CMM participants aged < 60 years who were exposed to Cd were at a greater risk of CVD-related mortality. A nonlinear relationship was observed between serum Cd concentrations and all-cause (P for nonlinear relationship = 0.012) and CVD-related (P for nonlinear relationship < 0.001) mortality. Minimizing Cd exposure in patients with CMM may help prevent premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peijian Wei
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongda Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Mi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Martins AC, Virgolini MB, Ávila DS, Scharf P, Li J, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mitochondria in the Spotlight: C. elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate Xenobiotic-Induced Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2124. [PMID: 37681856 PMCID: PMC10486742 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration, ATP production, and the regulation of various cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been directly linked to pathophysiological conditions, making them a significant target of interest in toxicological research. In recent years, there has been a growing need to understand the intricate effects of xenobiotics on human health, necessitating the use of effective scientific research tools. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nonpathogenic nematode, has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating toxic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction. With remarkable genetic homology to mammals, C. elegans has been used in studies to elucidate the impact of contaminants and drugs on mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the effects of several toxic metals and metalloids, drugs of abuse and pesticides on mitochondria, highlighting the utility of C. elegans as a model organism to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by xenobiotics. Mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics are discussed, emphasizing their essential role in cellular viability and the regulation of processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Additionally, specific toxins and toxicants, such as arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are examined in the context of their impact on mitochondrial function and the utility of C. elegans in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of C. elegans as an experimental model providing a promising platform for investigating the intricate relationships between xenobiotics and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge could contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of contaminants and drugs of abuse, ultimately enhancing our understanding of these complex processes and promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Miriam B. Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis Elegans, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 592, Uruguaiana 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jung Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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You Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Cao Q. Mitigation role of physical exercise participation in the relationship between blood cadmium and sleep disturbance: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1465. [PMID: 37525176 PMCID: PMC10391747 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of heavy metals received increasingly attention in recent years. Sleeping is regulated and coordinated by nervous system, however, the health hazard of heavy metal like cadmium (Cd) exposure on sleep health remained unknown. Rescue strategies like physical exercise (PE) has emerged to mitigate such influence. An epidemiological design with cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010 was applied. The relationship between three blood heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg)] and sleep disturbance was analyzed. A total of 8,751 participants were finally included in and the weighted participants were 330,239,463. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression indicated that mixed blood metals were positively related to risk of sleep disturbance and the mixture effect of exposure to heavy metals was mainly attributable to Cd (89.1%). Weighted logistic regression showed a significant positive association between the highest quartile of blood Cd and sleep disturbance [(OR (95% CI)): 1.191 (1.014,1.400), p = 0.036] in the fully adjusted model, while no association was found under Pb and Hg exposure. In the association between Q3 and Q4 level of blood Cd and sleep disturbance, moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise group had lower risks than none and low exercise group. In the restricted cubic spline model, it was also verified that higher PE participation was associated with the lowest incidence of sleep disturbance with the increment in Cd concentration. Our study suggested that both policy makers and the public should minimize heavy metal exposure. Moreover, conducting moderate to vigorous physical exercise is a protecting factor to mitigate Cd's influence on sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yangchang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100169, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Undergraduate Department, Taishan University, Taian, 250111, China
| | - Yaohui Yu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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Chen S, Shen R, Shen J, Lyu L, Wei T. Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1106732. [PMID: 37469695 PMCID: PMC10353433 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium is a commonly found heavy metal with a prolonged biological half-life, which results in long-term health burden for the population. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between blood cadmium and hypertension. However, few studies examined the relationship between blood cadmium and long-term health outcomes in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood cadmium with mortality in patients with hypertension. Methods This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012. Complex sampling-weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease mortality in patients with hypertension classified by blood cadmium concentrations' quantiles. Results The study included 12,208 patients with hypertension with a median follow-up duration of 10.8 years. During this period, there were 4,485 all-cause deaths, including 1,520 cardiovascular deaths and 180 Alzheimer's disease deaths. Compared with the lowest quintile of blood cadmium (≤0.25 μg/L) group, the highest quintile of blood cadmium (≥0.80 μg/L) group's adjusted HRs were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.59-2.14) for all-cause mortality, 1.76 (95% CI, 1.33-2.34) for cardiovascular mortality, and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.54-7.51) for Alzheimer's disease mortality. Additionally, the adjusted HR for cardiovascular mortality was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.36-3.30) in never-smoking patients with hypertension. Conclusion Higher blood cadmium is associated with increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease mortality in patients with hypertension. The effect of blood cadmium on cardiovascular mortality may be more pronounced in never-smoking hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruming Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Lingchun Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Tiemin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
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Satarug S, Vesey DA, Gobe GC, Phelps KR. Estimation of health risks associated with dietary cadmium exposure. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:329-358. [PMID: 36592197 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In much of the world, currently employed upper limits of tolerable intake and acceptable excretion of cadmium (Cd) (ECd/Ecr) are 0.83 µg/kg body weight/day and 5.24 µg/g creatinine, respectively. These figures were derived from a risk assessment model that interpreted β2-microglobulin (β2MG) excretion > 300 μg/g creatinine as a "critical" endpoint. However, current evidence suggests that Cd accumulation reduces glomerular filtration rate at values of ECd/Ecr much lower than 5.24 µg/g creatinine. Low ECd/Ecr has also been associated with increased risks of kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, and other disorders. These associations have cast considerable doubt on conventional guidelines. The goals of this paper are to evaluate whether these guidelines are low enough to minimize associated health risks reliably, and indeed whether permissible intake of a cumulative toxin like Cd is a valid concept. We highlight sources and levels of Cd in the human diet and review absorption, distribution, kidney accumulation, and excretion of the metal. We present evidence for the following propositions: excreted Cd emanates from injured tubular epithelial cells of the kidney; Cd excretion is a manifestation of current tissue injury; reduction of present and future exposure to environmental Cd cannot mitigate injury in progress; and Cd excretion is optimally expressed as a function of creatinine clearance rather than creatinine excretion. We comprehensively review the adverse health effects of Cd and urine and blood Cd levels at which adverse effects have been observed. The cumulative nature of Cd toxicity and the susceptibility of multiple organs to toxicity at low body burdens raise serious doubt that guidelines concerning permissible intake of Cd can be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David A Vesey
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for CKD QLD, UQ Health Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth R Phelps
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Sun XL, Phuc HD, Okamoto R, Kido T, Oanh NTP, Manh HD, Anh LT, Ichimori A, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. A 30-year follow-up study in a former cadmium-polluted area of Japan: the relationship between cadmium exposure and β 2-microglobulin in the urine of Japanese people. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23079-23085. [PMID: 36316551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant. Long-term exposure to Cd may lead to adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 through 2014, although they decreased from 1986 through 2008. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of the changing trend of cadmium exposure levels (U-Cd) on residents' renal function within 30 years after Cd exposure ceased. In 2016, urine samples were collected from each subject by visiting 20 elderly Japanese people (9 females and 11 males) living in the Kakehashi River basin, a previously Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa, Japan. The geometric means of the β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) continued to increase from 2014 until 2016. Furthermore, Cd concentration and β2-MG in urine were still higher than those in the non-polluted areas in Japan. Multivariate linear regression was performed to associate β2-MG (dependent variable) and U-Cd with sex and age (independent variables). Significant correlations were found among age, U-Cd, and β2-MG, and these were clearer in females than in males. In summary, we propose that three decades after Cd exposure ceased, age is associated with β2-MG more strongly than Cd for bodily impact. Moreover, renal tubular dysfunction is irreversible and worsens after exposure to Cd, with females being more sensitive to exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liang Sun
- School of Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, 759 2nd Ring East Road, Huzhou, 313000, China
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hoang Duc Phuc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
- Hanoi Center for Control Disease, No. 70 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Rie Okamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong Oanh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Ho Dung Manh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, No. 10, Huynh Van Nghe, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam
| | - Le Thai Anh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Akie Ichimori
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Peana M, Pelucelli A, Chasapis CT, Perlepes SP, Bekiari V, Medici S, Zoroddu MA. Biological Effects of Human Exposure to Environmental Cadmium. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010036. [PMID: 36671421 PMCID: PMC9855641 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal for the human organism and for all ecosystems. Cd is naturally found at low levels; however, higher amounts of Cd in the environment result from human activities as it spreads into the air and water in the form of micropollutants as a consequence of industrial processes, pollution, waste incineration, and electronic waste recycling. The human body has a limited ability to respond to Cd exposure since the metal does not undergo metabolic degradation into less toxic species and is only poorly excreted. The extremely long biological half-life of Cd essentially makes it a cumulative toxin; chronic exposure causes harmful effects from the metal stored in the organs. The present paper considers exposure and potential health concerns due to environmental cadmium. Exposure to Cd compounds is primarily associated with an elevated risk of lung, kidney, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Cd has also been linked to cancers of the breast, urinary system, and bladder. The multiple mechanisms of Cd-induced carcinogenesis include oxidative stress with the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, the promotion of lipid peroxidation, and interference with DNA repair systems. Cd2+ can also replace essential metal ions, including redox-active ones. A total of 12 cancer types associated with specific genes coding for the Cd-metalloproteome were identified in this work. In addition, we summarize the proper treatments of Cd poisoning, based on the use of selected Cd detoxifying agents and chelators, and the potential for preventive approaches to counteract its chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessio Pelucelli
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vlasoula Bekiari
- School of Agricultural Science, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Zoroddu
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Li Z, Fan Y, Tao C, Yan W, Huang Y, Qian H, Xu Q, Wan T, Chen Y, Qin Y, Lu C. Association between exposure to cadmium and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general US adults: A prospective cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136060. [PMID: 35981619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium has been suggested to accumulate in the body over a lifetime, posing a great threat to human health. So far, few studies have studied the association between cadmium exposure and long-term health outcomes in adults. OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk of mortality with blood cadmium level in adults (participants of NHANES, 1999-2014). METHODS We evaluated the associations between cadmium and risk of mortality. Data on mortality and cadmium exposure were collected in NHANES database including 39,865 participants. Multivariate Cox regression models were established for calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CI between cadmium exposure and all-cause and specific-cause mortality outcomes. RESULTS Totally, 39,865 individuals with 19,260 males (48.3%) and 20,605 females (51.7%) were included in the study. During a total of 341,017 person-years of follow-up 5,094 deaths were documented, including 1,067 cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 890 cancers. Compared with the lowest quantile of cadmium exposure level group, the adjusted HRs in the highest quantile cadmium exposure level group were 1.73 (95%CI: 1.52-1.97) for all-cause mortality, 1.72 (95%CI: 1.28-2.30) for CVD mortality and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.49-2.36) for cancer mortality, respectively (P for trend: <0.001). Additionally, significant interactions with smoking status in the stratified analyses of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality, age in the stratified analyses of cancer mortality were found (P for interaction: 0.002, <0.001 and 0.012). CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide representative sample of the population, we found that higher blood cadmium concentration was associated with increased risks of all-cause and specific-cause mortality. These data further evidence the link between mortality and cadmium concentration. It is of great importance for both policy makers and the public to minimize cadmium exposure, and to reduce long-term adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingya Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Sakurai M, Suwazono Y, Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Yoneda K, Ishizaki M, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Nakagawa H. The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157747. [PMID: 34360038 PMCID: PMC8345790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between urinary cadmium concentration (uCd, μg/g Cr) and risk of cause-specific mortality according to urinary β2-microglobulin (MG) concentration. Participants were 1383 male and 1700 female inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The uCd and β2-MG were evaluated in a survey in 1981–1982, where those participants were followed-up over 35 years later. Among the participants with a urinary β2-MG < 1000, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for mortality were significantly higher in those with a uCd of ≥10.0 compared with <5.0 for cardiovascular disease [HR 1.92 (1.08–3.40) for men, 1.71 (1.07–2.71) for women], pneumonia or influenza [2.10 (1.10–4.00) for men, 2.22 (1.17–4.19) for women], and digestive diseases [for men; 3.81 (1.49–9.74)]. The uCd was significantly associated with mortality from heart failure in women and digestive diseases in men, after adjustment for other causes of death using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model. For participants with a urinary β2-MG of ≥1000, no significant association was observed between uCd and any major cause of death. In the absence of kidney damage, Cd may increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuuka Watanabe
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kazuka Yoneda
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
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10
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Human Health Risk Distribution and Safety Threshold of Cadmium in Soil of Coal Chemical Industry Area. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11070678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly carcinogenic metal that plays an important role in the risk management of soil pollution. In this study, 153 soil samples were collected from a coal chemical plant in northwest China, and the human health risks associated with Cd were assessed through multiple exposure pathways. Meanwhile, by the Kriging interpolation method, the spatial distribution and health risks of Cd were explored. The results showed that the average concentration of Cd in the soil was 0.540 mg/kg, which was 4.821 and 5.567 times that of the soil background value in Ningxia and China, respectively. In comparison, the concentration of Cd in the soil was below the national soil environmental quality three-level standard (1.0 mg/kg). In addition, health risk assessment results showed that the total carcinogenic risk of Cd was 1.269 × 10−6–2.189 × 10−6, both above the acceptable criteria (1 × 10−6), while the hazard quotient was within the acceptable level. Oral intake and ingestion of soil particles were the main routes of exposure, and the carcinogenic risk control value of oral intake was the lowest (0.392 mg/kg), which could be selected as the strict reference of the safety threshold for Cd in the coal chemical soil. From Kriging, a prediction map can be centrally predicted on heavy metal pollution in the area surrounding the coal entrance corridor and pedestrian entrance. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the heavy metal safety threshold of the coal chemical industry in China.
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11
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A phosphorescence resonance energy transfer-based "off-on" long afterglow aptasensor for cadmium detection in food samples. Talanta 2021; 232:122409. [PMID: 34074399 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium contamination is a severe food safety risk for human health. Herein, a long afterglow "off-on" phosphorescent aptasensor was developed based on phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) for the detection of Cd2+ in complex samples which minimizes the interference of background fluorescence. In this scheme, initially the phosphorescence of Cd2+-binding aptamer conjugated long afterglow nanoparticles (Zn2GeO4:Mn) was quenched by black hole quencher 1 (BHQ1) modified complementary DNA. Upon encountering of Cd2+, the aptamer interacted with Cd2+ and the complementary DNA with BHQ1 was released, leading to phosphorescence recovery. The content of Cd2+ could be quantified by the intensity of phosphorescence recovery with 100 μs gate time (which eliminated the sample autofluorescence) with a linear relationship between 0.5 and 50 μg L-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.35 μg L-1. This method was successfully demonstrated for Cd2+ detection in drinking water and yesso scallop samples. The "off-on" phosphorescent aptasensor based on PRET of long afterglow nanomaterials could be an effective tool for Cd2+ detection in food samples.
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12
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Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Kido T, Sakurai M, Nakagawa H. Lifetime Cadmium Exposure and Mortality for Renal Diseases in Residents of the Cadmium-Polluted Kakehashi River Basin in Japan. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040081. [PMID: 33019764 PMCID: PMC7711806 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated the dose–response relationship between external cadmium (Cd) exposure and mortality. We aim to investigate the relationship between lifetime Cd intake (LCd) and mortality in the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin in Japan. Mortality risk ratios for a unit of increase of LCd and urinary Cd were analyzed using Cox’s proportional model. LCd was estimated based on residency and Cd in rice produced in their living areas. In men, mortality for all causes was significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd, but not for a 1-g increase in LCd. In women, mortality risks for all causes and renal diseases, particularly renal failure, were significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd. Similarly, mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure were significantly increased for a 1-g increase of LCd in women. Comparing the contribution of two exposure markers to increased mortality in women, LCd was more effective for increasing mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure, while urinary Cd contributed more to increased mortality risk for all causes. LCd may show a better dose–response relationship with mortality risk for renal diseases in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.S.); (H.N.)
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13
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196996. [PMID: 32977499 PMCID: PMC7583016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and intricate process that aims to replenish blood components in a constant fashion. It is orchestrated mostly by hematopoietic progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells can originate other cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining vital functions, mediate innate and adaptive immune responses, provide tissues with oxygen, and control coagulation. Hematopoiesis in adults takes place in the bone marrow, which is endowed with an extensive vasculature conferring an intense flow of cells. A myriad of cell subtypes can be found in the bone marrow at different levels of activation, being also under constant action of an extensive amount of diverse chemical mediators and enzymatic systems. Bone marrow platelets, mature erythrocytes and leukocytes are delivered into the bloodstream readily available to meet body demands. Leukocytes circulate and reach different tissues, returning or not returning to the bloodstream. Senescent leukocytes, specially granulocytes, return to the bone marrow to be phagocytized by macrophages, restarting granulopoiesis. The constant high production and delivery of cells into the bloodstream, alongside the fact that blood cells can also circulate between tissues, makes the hematopoietic system a prime target for toxic agents to act upon, making the understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment vital for both toxicological sciences and risk assessment. Environmental and occupational pollutants, therapeutic molecules, drugs of abuse, and even nutritional status can directly affect progenitor cells at their differentiation and maturation stages, altering behavior and function of blood compounds and resulting in impaired immune responses, anemias, leukemias, and blood coagulation disturbances. This review aims to describe the most recently investigated molecular and cellular toxicity mechanisms of current major environmental pollutants on hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
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14
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Sakurai M, Suwazono Y, Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Ishizaki M, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Nakagawa H. Relationship between urinary β 2 -microglobulin concentration and mortality in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan: A 35-year follow-up study. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:224-232. [PMID: 32667055 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between urinary β2 -microglobulin (β2 -MG) and the risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in a cadmium (Cd)-polluted area was investigated in 3139 inhabitants (1404 men and 1735 women) of the Kakehashi River basin in Japan at 35-year follow-up. The subjects had been participants in the 1981-1982 health impact survey that assessed Cd-induced renal dysfunction, as measured by the urinary β2 -MG concentration. Hazard ratios were calculated to assess the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the urinary β2 -MG concentrations. Risk ratios (RRs) were assessed using the Fine and Gray regression model to account for competing risks of cause-specific mortality. The mortality rate was significantly higher in participants with urinary β2 -MG concentrations >1000 μg/g creatinine (Cr) for men and >300 μg/g Cr for women. In the proportional hazard model, higher urinary β2 -MG concentrations were associated with higher risks of circulatory disease, digestive system diseases, and kidney and urinary tract diseases in men and women, and with senility for women. However, when competing risk was accounted for, the RRs were significantly higher only for kidney and urinary tract diseases in men and women (RR for each increment of 1000 μg/g Cr [95% confidence interval]: 1.02 [1.00-1.04] for men, and 1.01 [1.00-1.02] for women). The long-term prognosis of participants with renal tubular dysfunction was poor, most likely due to kidney and renal tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuuka Watanabe
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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15
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Huang K, Deng Y, Yuan W, Geng J, Wang G, Zou F. Phospholipase D1 Ameliorates Apoptosis in Chronic Renal Toxicity Caused by Low-Dose Cadmium Exposure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7091053. [PMID: 32337269 PMCID: PMC7150706 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), a common heavy metal used in industry, can result in long-term chronic toxicity. It has been well characterized that kidneys are the main organs that are targeted by toxicity, which can cause apoptosis, necrosis, and atrophy of renal tubular epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with Cd toxicity remain unclear. In this study, the expression of renal proteins in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to chronic Cd was analyzed with iTRAQ proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) was significantly underexpressed and may correlate strongly with Cd-induced chronic kidney impairment. Previous studies have shown that PLD1 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, indicating that PLD1 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney injury induced by Cd. Studies in vivo and in vitro all demonstrate that the mRNA and protein levels of PLD1 decrease significantly both in kidney tissue and in proximal tubular cell lines exposed to Cd. Overexpression of PLD1 and its downstream product PA could ameliorate Cd-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we identified that miR-122-5p was a regulatory miRNA of PLD1. miR-122-5p was overexpressed after Cd exposure and promoted cell apoptosis by downregulating PLD1 through binding the 3'UTR of the locus at 1761-1784 nt. In conclusion, our results indicated that PLD1 and its downstream PA were strongly implicated in Cd-induced chronic kidney impairment and could be a novel player in the defense against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Yaotang Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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16
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A Study on the Preference for the Defensive Attribute under Environmental Risk in China. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8010047. [PMID: 32120821 PMCID: PMC7151335 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the preference for defensive consumption goods and their defensive attributes under environmental risks in developing countries. The paper takes the water purifier as an example of defensive consumption goods against heavy metal pollution risk from drinking water. Using a survey data in China, the discrete choice experiment method is employed to investigate rural farmers' preferences for a water purifier. The scientific knowledge and risk perception effects are used to determine farmers' preferences for the defensive attribute on a water purifier. Using a mixed logit model, rural farmers are found to prefer a water purifier with low price, free installation, a longer warranty period, and a heavy metal filter (i.e. the defensive attribute). Farmers' neighborhood norm perception dominates the defensive preference while scientific knowledge do not work significantly. More specifically, the more the neighborhood norm perception is recognized, the more likely farmers are to improve their own preferences for the defensive attribute. Affected by the neighborhood norm perception, rural farmers' preferences for the defensive attribute are found to be increased significantly as average income gaps narrow. The future defensive health policies should be devoted to improving environmental risk awareness and utilizing informal social networks in areas with high environmental risks.
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17
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Selvakumaran N, Lazim A. Superabsorbent Hydrogel from Extracted Oil Palm Frond Waste Cellulose Using Microwave Irradioation for Cadmium Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.04.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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