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Sanches TR, Parra AC, Sun P, Graner MP, Itto LYU, Butter LM, Claessen N, Roelofs JJ, Florquin S, Veras MM, Andrade MDF, Saldiva PHN, Kers J, Andrade L, Tammaro A. Air pollution aggravates renal ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. J Pathol 2024; 263:496-507. [PMID: 38934262 DOI: 10.1002/path.6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a decline in renal function. PM2.5 exerts harmful effects on various organs through oxidative stress and inflammation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involves biological processes similar to those involved in PM2.5 toxicity and is a known risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PM2.5 exposure on IRI-induced AKI. Through a unique environmentally controlled setup, mice were exposed to urban PM2.5 or filtered air for 12 weeks before IRI followed by euthanasia 48 h after surgery. Animals exposed to PM2.5 and IRI exhibited reduced glomerular filtration, impaired urine concentration ability, and significant tubular damage. Further, PM2.5 aggravated local innate immune responses and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as enhancing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation. This increased renal senescence and suppressed the anti-ageing protein klotho, leading to early fibrotic changes. In vitro studies using proximal tubular epithelial cells exposed to PM2.5 and hypoxia/reoxygenation revealed heightened activation of the STING pathway triggered by cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA, resulting in increased tubular damage and a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In summary, our findings imply a role for PM2.5 in sensitising proximal tubular epithelial cells to IRI-induced damage, suggesting a plausible association between PM2.5 exposure and heightened susceptibility to CKD in individuals experiencing AKI. Strategies aimed at reducing PM2.5 concentrations and implementing preventive measures may improve outcomes for AKI patients and mitigate the progression from AKI to CKD. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Rojas Sanches
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Parra
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peiqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Pereira Graner
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Yuji Umesaki Itto
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loes Maria Butter
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (LIM-5), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Andrade
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Systems Analytics, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Systems Analytics, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Andrade
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Tammaro
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Takano APC, de André CDS, de Almeida R, Waked D, Veras MM, Saldiva PHN. Association of pulmonary black carbon accumulation with cardiac fibrosis in residents of Sao Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118380. [PMID: 38307182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that myocardial interstitial fibrosis, resulting from cardiac remodeling, may possibly be influenced by mechanisms activated through the inhalation of airborne pollutants. However, limited studies have explored the relationship between lifetime exposure to carbon-based particles and cardiac fibrosis, specially using post-mortem samples. This study examined whether long-term exposure to air pollution (estimated by black carbon accumulated in the lungs) is associated with myocardial fibrosis in urban dwellers of megacity of Sao Paulo. Data collection included epidemiological and autopsy-based approaches. Information was obtained by interviewing the next of kin and through the pathologist's report. The individual index of exposure to carbon-based particles, which we designed as the fraction of black carbon (FBC), was estimated through quantification of particles on the macroscopic lung surface. Myocardium samples were collected for histopathological analysis to evaluate the fraction of cardiac fibrosis. The association between cardiac fibrosis and FBC, age, sex, smoking status and hypertension was assessed by means of multiple linear regression models. Our study demonstrated that the association of FBC with cardiac fibrosis is influenced by smoking status and hypertension. Among hypertensive individuals, the cardiac fibrosis fraction tended to increase with the increase of the FBC in both groups of smokers and non-smokers. In non-hypertensive individuals, the association between cardiac fibrosis fraction and FBC was observed primarily in smokers. Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke and environmental particles may contribute to the cardiac remodeling response in individuals with pre-existing hypertension. This highlights the importance of considering hypertension as an additional risk factor for the health effects of air pollution on the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the study endorses the role of autopsy to investigate the effects of urban environment and personal habits in determining human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Cremasco Takano
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Dunia Waked
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Kim T, Chae YK, Nam SJ, Lee H, Hwang SS, Park EK, Ahn YC, Oak C. Time-Sequential Monitoring of the Early Mesothelial Reaction in the Pleura after Cryoinjury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:292. [PMID: 38337808 PMCID: PMC10855702 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: An early mesothelial reaction of the pleura, leading to fibrosis, has been reported in animals after chemical or heavy metal exposure. However, the visual monitoring of early time-sequential mesothelial reaction-associated cryoinjury has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and visualize the early mesothelial reactions seen following cryoinjury using rabbit pleura. (2) Methods: We monitored the early mesothelial reaction in rabbit pleurae after cryoinjury using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in real-time, which was then compared with pathological images. Due to the penetration limit of OCT, we made a thoracic window to image the parietal and visceral pleurae in vivo. We also used an innovative technique for capturing the microstructure in vivo, employing a computer-controlled intermittent iso-pressure breath hold to reduce respiratory motion, increasing the resolution of OCT. We organized three sample groups: the normal group, the sham group with just a thoracic window, and the experimental group with a thoracic window and cryotherapy. In the experimental group, localized cryoinjury was performed. The mesothelial cells at the level of pleura of the cryotherapy-injured site were visualized by OCT within the first 30 min and then again after 2 days at the same site. (3) Results: In the experimental group, focal thickening of the parietal pleura was observed at the site of cryoinjury using OCT after the first injury, and it was then confirmed pathologically as focal mesothelial cell proliferation. Two days after cryoinjury, diffuse mesothelial cell proliferation in the parietal pleura was noted on the reverse side around the cryoinjured site in the same rabbit. In the sham group, no pleural reaction was found. The OCT and pathological examinations revealed different patterns of mesothelial cell reactions between the parietal and visceral pleurae: the focal proliferation of mesothelial cells was found in the parietal pleura, while only a morphological change from flat cells to cuboidal cells and a thickened monolayer without proliferation of mesothelial cells were found in the visceral pleural. (4) Conclusions: An early mesothelial reaction occurs following cryoinjury to the parietal and visceral pleurae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu-Kyung Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.N.); (S.-S.H.)
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Suk Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.N.); (S.-S.H.)
| | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeh-Chan Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulho Oak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.N.); (S.-S.H.)
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4
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Shen J, Sun N, Wang J, Zens P, Kunzke T, Buck A, Prade VM, Wang Q, Feuchtinger A, Hu R, Berezowska S, Walch A. Patterns of Carbon-Bound Exogenous Compounds Impact Disease Pathophysiology in Lung Cancer Subtypes in Different Ways. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16396-16411. [PMID: 37639684 PMCID: PMC10510585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-bound exogenous compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, aromatic amines, and organohalogens, are known to affect both tumor characteristics and patient outcomes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC); however, the roles of these compounds in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. We analyzed 11 carbon-bound exogenous compounds in LUAD and LUSC samples using in situ high mass-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging and performed a cluster analysis to compare the patterns of carbon-bound exogenous compounds between these two lung cancer subtypes. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations among exogenous compounds, endogenous metabolites, and clinical data, including patient survival outcomes and smoking behaviors. Additionally, we examined differences in exogenous compound patterns between normal and tumor tissues. Our analyses revealed that PAHs, aromatic amines, and organohalogens were more abundant in LUAD than in LUSC, whereas the tobacco-specific nitrosamine nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone was more abundant in LUSC. Patients with LUAD and LUSC could be separated according to carbon-bound exogenous compound patterns detected in the tumor compartment. The same compounds had differential impacts on patient outcomes, depending on the cancer subtype. Correlation and network analyses indicated substantial differences between LUAD and LUSC metabolomes, associated with substantial differences in the patterns of the carbon-bound exogenous compounds. These data suggest that the contributions of these carcinogenic compounds to cancer biology may differ according to the cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Nanxishan
Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Pathology, Guilin 541002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Philipp Zens
- Institute
of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University
of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate
School for Health Sciences, University of
Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Verena M. Prade
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Center
for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute
of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University
of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Axel Walch
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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5
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da Motta Singer J, Saldiva de André CD, Afonso de André P, Monteiro Rocha FM, Waked D, Vaz AM, Gois GF, de Fátima Andrade M, Veras MM, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Barrozo LV. Assessing socioeconomic bias of exposure to urban air pollution: an autopsy-based study in São Paulo, Brazil. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 22:100500. [PMID: 37187677 PMCID: PMC10176049 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The characterisation of individual exposure to air pollution in urban scenarios is a challenge in environmental epidemiological studies. We investigated if the city's pollution monitoring stations over or underestimate the exposure of individuals depending on their socioeconomic conditions and daily commuting times. Methods The amount of black carbon accumulated in the lungs of 604 deceased who underwent autopsy in São Paulo was considered as a proxy for PM10. The concentrations of PM10 in the residence of the deceased were estimated by interpolating an ordinary kriging model. These two-exposure metrics allowed us to construct an environmental exposure misclassification index ranging from -1 to 1. The association between the index and daily commuting, socioeconomic context index (GeoSES), and street density as predictors was assessed by means of a multilevel linear regression model. Findings With a decrease of 0.1 units in GeoSES, the index increases, on average, by 0.028 units and with an increase of 1 h in daily commuting, the index increases, on average, by 0.022 units indicating that individual exposure to air pollution is underestimated in the lower GeoSES and in people with many hours spent in daily commuting. Interpretation Reduction of health consequences of air pollution demands not only alternative fuel and more efficient mobility strategies, but also should include profound rethink of cities. Funding São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-13/21728-2) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-304126/2015-2, 401825/2020-5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Afonso de André
- Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- INSPER Institute of Education and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dunia Waked
- Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria de Fátima Andrade
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
- School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author. School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Geography, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 338, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Hill W, Lim EL, Weeden CE, Lee C, Augustine M, Chen K, Kuan FC, Marongiu F, Evans EJ, Moore DA, Rodrigues FS, Pich O, Bakker B, Cha H, Myers R, van Maldegem F, Boumelha J, Veeriah S, Rowan A, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Karasaki T, Sivakumar M, De S, Caswell DR, Nagano A, Black JRM, Martínez-Ruiz C, Ryu MH, Huff RD, Li S, Favé MJ, Magness A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Lüchtenborg M, Lavelle K, Pethick J, Hardy S, McRonald FE, Lin MH, Troccoli CI, Ghosh M, Miller YE, Merrick DT, Keith RL, Al Bakir M, Bailey C, Hill MS, Saal LH, Chen Y, George AM, Abbosh C, Kanu N, Lee SH, McGranahan N, Berg CD, Sasieni P, Houlston R, Turnbull C, Lam S, Awadalla P, Grönroos E, Downward J, Jacks T, Carlsten C, Malanchi I, Hackshaw A, Litchfield K, DeGregori J, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C. Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants. Nature 2023; 616:159-167. [PMID: 37020004 PMCID: PMC7614604 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of how exposure to environmental substances promotes cancer formation is lacking. More than 70 years ago, tumorigenesis was proposed to occur in a two-step process: an initiating step that induces mutations in healthy cells, followed by a promoter step that triggers cancer development1. Here we propose that environmental particulate matter measuring ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), known to be associated with lung cancer risk, promotes lung cancer by acting on cells that harbour pre-existing oncogenic mutations in healthy lung tissue. Focusing on EGFR-driven lung cancer, which is more common in never-smokers or light smokers, we found a significant association between PM2.5 levels and the incidence of lung cancer for 32,957 EGFR-driven lung cancer cases in four within-country cohorts. Functional mouse models revealed that air pollutants cause an influx of macrophages into the lung and release of interleukin-1β. This process results in a progenitor-like cell state within EGFR mutant lung alveolar type II epithelial cells that fuels tumorigenesis. Ultradeep mutational profiling of histologically normal lung tissue from 295 individuals across 3 clinical cohorts revealed oncogenic EGFR and KRAS driver mutations in 18% and 53% of healthy tissue samples, respectively. These findings collectively support a tumour-promoting role for PM2.5 air pollutants and provide impetus for public health policy initiatives to address air pollution to reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claudia Lee
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcellus Augustine
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kezhong Chen
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edward J Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Moore
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Felipe S Rodrigues
- Tumour-Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hongui Cha
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Renelle Myers
- BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Febe van Maldegem
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse Boumelha
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Monica Sivakumar
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Swapnanil De
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James R M Black
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Min Hyung Ryu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan D Huff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alastair Magness
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Margreet Lüchtenborg
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Lavelle
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanna Pethick
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Steven Hardy
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona E McRonald
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Meng-Hung Lin
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Flagship Biosciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - York E Miller
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert L Keith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark S Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lao H Saal
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yilun Chen
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anthony M George
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Abbosh
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Sasieni
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephen Lam
- BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour-Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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7
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Floss M, Zandavalli RB, Leão JRB, Lima CV, Vianna N, Barros EF, Saldiva PHN. Poluição do ar. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc17(44)3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: As mortes atribuíveis à poluição do ar em longo prazo chegam a 9 milhões ao ano, concentrando-se principalmente em países de baixa e média renda como o Brasil. Classifica-se a poluição do ar em: domiciliar (indoor) ou ambiente (outdoor). A inalação de poluentes está relacionada com o aumento da incidência e desenvolvimento de condições clínicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e outras, que fazem parte da prática da medicina de família e comunidade. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências clínicas para a abordagem da poluição do ar relacionada à saúde humana no contexto da prática na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de escopo do papel clínico da medicina de família e comunidade em relação à poluição do ar e saúde, voltada para questões clínicas associadas com a poluição do ar. Incluíram-se 35 artigos nesta revisão. Recomendações clínicas: Em nível individual, destacam-se a redução do uso de fogões a lenha, o uso de estratégias de proteção de fontes poluidoras (como queimadas, vias de trânsito e indústria), a filtragem do ar, o estímulo ao transporte ativo, a cessação do tabagismo. Essas recomendações devem ser complementares às políticas governamentais relacionadas à poluição do ar. Propõem-se perguntas para a entrevista clínica. Exploram-se recomendações específicas sobre uso de máscaras, atividade física e COVID-19. Sugerem-se temas de pesquisa que podem ser realizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o papel da medicina de família e comunidade nesse contexto. Considerações: A inclusão na classificação internacional de atenção primária e no Código internacional de Doenças poderia melhorar a notificação e os estudos epidemiológicos sobre o assunto.
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8
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Dos Santos NV, Vieira CLZ, Saldiva PHN, De André CDS, Mazzilli BP, de Fátima Andrade M, Saueia CH, Saiki M, Veras MM, Koutrakis P. Accumulation of trace element content in the lungs of Sao Paulo city residents and its correlation to lifetime exposure to air pollution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11083. [PMID: 35773451 PMCID: PMC9247064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are natural and essential elements of the environment and living beings, produced from natural (e.g. volcanic activity and cosmic ray-induced spallation) and anthropogenic processes (e.g. industrial and fossil fuel combustion). High-concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides are also originated from anthropogenic activities in urban and industrial areas. In this preliminary study, we analyzed the levels of heavy metals and Polonium-210 (210Po) in lung tissues in autopsies from residents of the city of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. In order to identify the link among sources of the heavy metals in lungs, factor analysis was performed. Of the first four factors, which explain 66% of the total variability, three were associated with vehicular sources. The fitting of a regression model with 210Po as the response variable and with the four factors as explanatory variables, controlling for age, sex and tobacco, showed a significant association between the concentration of polonium and the first factor that is generated by catalysts and brakes (coefficient = 0.90, standard error = 0.33, p = 0.016). Our findings suggest an association between traffic-related trace metals and 210Po in lung autopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Villa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology LIM05, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology LIM05, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria de Fátima Andrade
- Atmospheric Sciences Department, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mitiko Saiki
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology LIM05, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Pérez-Martínez PJ, Dunck JA, de Assunção JV, Connerton P, Slovic AD, Ribeiro H, Miranda RM. Long-term commuting times and air quality relationship to COVID-19 in São Paulo. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY 2022; 101:103349. [PMID: 35440861 PMCID: PMC9010305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is an unprecedented global health crisis and the effects may be related to environmental and socio-economic factors. In São Paulo, Brazil, the first death occurred in March 2020 and since then the numbers have grown to 175 new deaths per day in April 2021, positioning the city as the epicenter of the number of cases and deaths in Brazil. São Paulo is one of the largest cities in the world with more than 12 million inhabitants, a fleet of about 8 million vehicles and frequent pollutant concentrations above recommended values. Social inequalities are evident in the municipality, similarly to other cities in the world. This paper focuses on transportation activities related to air pollution and associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases especially on people who developed comorbidities during their whole life. This study relates travel trip data to air quality analysis and expanded to COVID-19 disease. This work studied the relationship of deaths in São Paulo due to COVID-19 with demographic density, with family income, with the use of public transport and with atmospheric pollution for the period between March 17th, 2020 and April 29th, 2021. The main results showed that generally passenger kilometers traveled, commuting times and air quality related diseases increase with residential distance from the city center, and thus, with decreasing residential density. PM2.5 concentrations are positively correlated with COVID-19 deaths, regions with high urban densities have higher numbers of deaths and long-distance frequent trips can contribute to spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pérez-Martínez
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Rua Saturnino de Brito, 224, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-889 Campinas, Brazil
| | - J A Dunck
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Rua Saturnino de Brito, 224, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-889 Campinas, Brazil
| | - J V de Assunção
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - P Connerton
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - A D Slovic
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - H Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - R M Miranda
- School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, 03828-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6535926. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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11
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Kunzke T, Prade VM, Buck A, Sun N, Feuchtinger A, Matzka M, Fernandez IE, Wuyts W, Ackermann M, Jonigk D, Aichler M, Schmid RA, Eickelberg O, Berezowska S, Walch A. Patterns of carbon-bound exogenous compounds in lung cancer patients and association with disease pathophysiology. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5862-5875. [PMID: 34666994 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic anthracosis is the accumulation of black carbon particles in adult human lungs. It is a common occurrence, but the pathophysiological significance of anthracosis is debatable. Using in situ high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry imaging analysis, we discovered noxious carbon-bound exogenous compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, or aromatic amines, in a series of 330 lung cancer patients in highly variable and unique patterns. The characteristic nature of carbon-bound exogenous compound had a strong association with patient outcome, tumor progression, the tumor immune microenvironment, PD-L1 expression, and DNA damage. Spatial correlation network analyses revealed substantial differences in the metabolome of tumor cells compared to tumor stroma depending on carbon-bound exogenous compounds. Overall, the bioactive pool of exogenous compounds is associated with several changes in lung cancer pathophysiology and correlates with patient outcome. Given the high prevalence of anthracosis in the lungs of adult humans, future work should investigate the role of carbon-bound exogenous compounds in lung carcinogenesis and lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | - Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | - Marco Matzka
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Berezowska
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health
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12
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Shafahi A, Fekri MS, Hashemi Bajgani SM, Yazdani R, Shafiepour M, Touhidi MH, Sharifi H, Tayari F, Sharifpour A. Biochemical and cytological analyses of pleural effusion in patients with lung anthracosis and antracofibrosis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102686. [PMID: 34457251 PMCID: PMC8377533 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracosis and anthracofibrosis are attributed to the deposition of carbon particles along with fibrosis, adhesion, narrowing, and collapse. There has been no study on the characteristics of the pleural fluid in anthracosis. The present study analyzed the biochemical characteristics of pleural effusion in patients with pulmonary anthracosis. Patients and methods The study is a cross-sectional study which included patients who were referred to the Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, eastern Iran. Between April 2018 and October 2019, patients who had undergone bronchoscopy and were diagnosed with anthracosis and pleural effusion were selected through the census method. The characteristics of the pleural fluid were analyzed for protein, albumin, LDH, PH, Triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and cytology. Concomitant blood samples were examined for LDH, albumin, total protein, and glucose. After it was specified whether the pleural effusion was transudative or exudative, patients with lymphocyte-dominant exudative pleural fluid became candidates for thoracoscopy. Result 106 patients (6.21 %) of 1705 patients had anthracosis and anthracofibrosis; 37 of these patients (34.9 %) had coexisting pleural effusion. 31 patients gave written informed consent for thoracentesis. The mean age of the patients was 76.48 ± 8.81. In addition, 67.74 % of the patients were female. Pleural effusion was transudative in 29 (93.54 %). Except for one case, all patients had diffuse anthracofibrosis and 67.74 % of the patients had a history of baking bread. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, most cases had transudative lymphocyte-dominant pleural fluid with mostly diffuse anthracofibrosis. In addition, this condition is more prevalent in women, with a prevalence of approximately twice that of men. Biochemical and cytological analyses of pleural effusion in patients with lung anthracosis and antracofibrosis. The observation of the transudative fluid with lymphocytosis in pleural effusion of patients with anthracosis. In this study, the incidence of anthracnose or anthracofibrosis with pleural effusion was more common in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shafahi
- - Department of Internal Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Samareh Fekri
- - Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hashemi Bajgani
- Kerman County Health Center, Diseases Prevention and Control Unit, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rostam Yazdani
- - Department of Internal Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shafiepour
- - Department of Internal Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ali Sharifpour
- - Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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13
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Andreão WL, Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque T. Avoidable mortality by implementing more restrictive fine particles standards in Brazil: An estimation using satellite surface data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110288. [PMID: 33038364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of epidemiological studies have been affirming the linking between fine particles (PM2.5) and deaths due to diverse causes as a result of long-term exposure. This work demonstrates the benefits of improving air quality policies by evaluating the impact of PM2.5 in terms of avoidable mortality due to all causes, cardiopulmonary causes, and lung cancer, between 2014 and 2018, for 5570 Brazilian cities. Satellite annual surface PM2.5 concentrations were compared with available monitoring measurements and used as the baseline scenario. Each phase of the Brazilian air quality legislation (CONAMA 491/2018) was used as a control scenario. The satellite PM2.5 annual surface levels were slightly lower than the monitoring concentrations, with an average mean bias of -2.7 μg/m3. No annual mean PM2.5 concentration above 20 μg/m3 was observed in any city in 2014 and 2018. In 2016, 23% of cities exceeded the annual mean concentration of 10 μg/m3. A weak positive correlation was found between city-level PM2.5 and population, vehicle fleet, number of fire outbreaks, urban area size, Growth Domestic Product per capita, Human Development Index, and life expectancy. During the five years, a total of 48,700 ± 7570 deaths due to all causes, 24,100 ± 3260 due to cardiopulmonary causes, and 1780 ± 435 due to lung cancer could be avoided if the maximum PM2.5 annual concentration of 10 μg/m3 was not exceeded. Less restrictive standards lead to much lower avoidable deaths. For example, considering the maximum annual concentration of 20 μg/m3, 1335 ± 175 deaths due to all causes could be avoided between 2015 and 2017. Our results indicate the importance of adopting more restrictive air quality standards in Brazil. If the current levels do not protect life as they should be, an effort regarding control emissions, monitoring, and modeling is essential to construct an effective air quality management for the country, aiming to comprehend the current PM2.5 concentration and to achieve lower standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Lemker Andreão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-010, Brazil.
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14
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Edwards S, Zhao G, Tran J, Patten KT, Valenzuela A, Wallis C, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Lein PJ, Rao X. Pathological Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Rats Chronically Exposed to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:127003. [PMID: 33275451 PMCID: PMC7717845 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is made up of complex mixtures of particulate matter, gases and volatile compounds. However, the effects of TRAP on the cardiopulmonary system in most animal studies have been tested using acute exposure to singular pollutants. The cardiopulmonary effects and molecular mechanisms in animals that are chronically exposed to unmodified air pollution as a whole have yet to be studied. Additionally, sex-dependent toxicity of TRAP exposure has rarely been evaluated. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the cardiopulmonary effect of chronic exposure to unmodified, real-world TRAP in both female and male rats. METHODS Four-week-old male and female rats were exposed to TRAP or filtered air for 14 months in a novel facility drawing air from a major freeway tunnel system in Northern California. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were examined in the lung, heart, spleen, and plasma, and TRAP deposits were quantified in the lungs of both male and female rats. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed higher levels of eight elements in the female lungs and one element in the male lungs. Expression of genes related to fibrosis, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation were higher in the rat hearts exposed to TRAP, with female rats being more susceptible than males. Enhanced collagen accumulation was found only in the TRAP-exposed female hearts. Plasma cytokine secretion was higher in both female and male rats, but inflammatory macrophages were higher only in TRAP-exposed male spleens. DISCUSSION Our results in rats suggest pathological consequences from chronic TRAP exposure, including sex differences indicating females may be more susceptible to TRAP-induced cardiac fibrosis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Edwards
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Joanne Tran
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelley T. Patten
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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15
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Reagan-Steiner S, Gary J, Matkovic E, Ritter JM, Shieh WJ, Martines RB, Werner AK, Lynfield R, Holzbauer S, Bullock H, Denison AM, Bhatnagar J, Bollweg BC, Patel M, Evans ME, King BA, Rose DA, Baldwin GT, Jones CM, Krishnasamy V, Briss PA, Weissman DN, Meaney-Delman D, Zaki SR, Jatlaoui T, Koumans E, Kiernan E, Petersen E, Karwowski MP, Valentin-Blasini L, Blount BC, Cummings KJ, Ghinai I, Feder K, Wells EV, Turabelidze G, Byers P, Tanz LJ, Navarette KA, Ramadugu K, Dewart C, Miller J, Squires K, Marsden L, Fields CA. Pathological findings in suspected cases of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI): a case series. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:1219-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Greenhalgh CJ, Karekla E, Miles GJ, Powley IR, Costa C, de Jesus J, Bailey MJ, Pritchard C, MacFarlane M, Pringle JH, Managh AJ. Exploration of Matrix Effects in Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Cisplatin-Treated Tumors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9847-9855. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Calum J. Greenhalgh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Ellie Karekla
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, U.K
| | - Gareth J. Miles
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, U.K
| | - Ian R. Powley
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, U.K
| | - Catia Costa
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Janella de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Melanie J. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, U.K
| | | | - J. Howard Pringle
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, U.K
| | - Amy J. Managh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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17
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Barrozo LV, Fornaciali M, de André CDS, Morais GAZ, Mansur G, Cabral-Miranda W, de Miranda MJ, Sato JR, Amaro Júnior E. GeoSES: A socioeconomic index for health and social research in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232074. [PMID: 32348328 PMCID: PMC7190143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual’s socioeconomic conditions are the most relevant to predict the quality of someone’s health. However, such information is not usually found in medical records, making studies in the area difficult. Therefore, it is common to use composite indices that characterize a region socioeconomically, such as the Human Development Index (HDI). The main advantage of the HDI is its understanding and adoption on a global scale. However, its applicability is limited for health studies since its longevity dimension presents mathematical redundancy in regression models. Here we introduce the GeoSES, a composite index that summarizes the main dimensions of the Brazilian socioeconomic context for research purposes. We created the index from the 2010 Brazilian Census, whose variables selection was guided by theoretical references for health studies. The proposed index incorporates seven socioeconomic dimensions: education, mobility, poverty, wealth, income, segregation, and deprivation of resources and services. We developed the GeoSES using Principal Component Analysis and evaluated its construct, content, and applicability. GeoSES is defined at three scales: national (GeoSES-BR), Federative Unit (GeoSES-FU), and intra-municipal (GeoSES-IM). GeoSES-BR dimensions showed a good association with HDI-M (correlation above 0.85). The model with the poverty dimension best explained the relative risk of avoidable cause mortality in Brazil. In the intra-municipal scale, the model with GeoSES-IM was the one that best explained the relative risk of mortality from circulatory system diseases. By applying spatial regressions, we demonstrated that GeoSES shows significant explanatory potential in the studied scales, being a compelling complement for future researches in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
- Departamento de Geografia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do SUS (PROADI-SUS), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Fornaciali
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein—Big Data Analytics, Morumbi, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen Diva Saldiva de André
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Mansur
- Departamento de Geografia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do SUS (PROADI-SUS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Cabral-Miranda
- Departamento de Geografia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Jorge de Miranda
- Departamento de Análise em Saúde e Vigilância de Doenças não Transmissíveis (DASNT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein—Big Data Analytics, Morumbi, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro Júnior
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein—Big Data Analytics, Morumbi, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Brucker N, do Nascimento SN, Bernardini L, Charão MF, Garcia SC. Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility in occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:722-736. [PMID: 31960485 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-recognized association between environmental air pollution exposure and several human diseases. However, the relationship between diseases related to occupational air pollution exposure on roads and high levels of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) is less substantiated. Biomarkers are essential tools in environmental and occupational toxicology, and studies on new biomarkers are increasingly relevant due to the need to determine early biomarkers to be assessed in exposure conditions. This review aimed to investigate the main advances in the biomonitoring of subjects occupationally exposed to air pollution, as well as to summarize the biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. Furthermore, we discuss how biomarkers could be used to complement the current application of methods used to assess occupational exposures to xenobiotics present in air pollution. The databases used in the preparation of this review were PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Considering the significant deleterious effects on health associated with chronic occupational exposure to xenobiotics, this topic deserves attention. As it is difficult to avoid occupational exposure to TRAPs, biomonitoring should be applied as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of workplace exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nunes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bernardini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Santos NVD, Vieira CLZ, Saldiva PHN, Paci Mazzilli B, Saiki M, Saueia CH, De André CDS, Justo LT, Nisti MB, Koutrakis P. Levels of Polonium-210 in brain and pulmonary tissues: Preliminary study in autopsies conducted in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:180. [PMID: 31932745 PMCID: PMC6957520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of detectable amounts of radon progeny in human tissues may be a risk factor for development and progression of chronic diseases. In this preliminary study, we analyzed the levels of alpha-emitting radon progeny Polonium-210 (210Po) in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, frontal lobe, and lung tissues in cadavers from the city of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. We also assessed the association between 210Po levels and exposure parameters for urban air pollution using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoke, time living in Sao Paulo, daily commuting, socioeconomic index, and anthracosis (traffic-related black carbon accumulation in the pleural region and in lymph). Our findings show that the concentration of 210Po was associated with anthracosis in lungs of non-smokers (coefficient = 6.0; standard error = 2.9; p = 0.04). Individuals with lower socioeconomic status also had significantly higher 210Po levels in lungs (coefficient = -1.19; standard error = 0.58; p = 0.042). The olfactory bulb had higher 210Po levels than either olfactory epithelium (p = 0.071), frontal lobe (p < 0.001), or lungs (p = 0.037). Our findings of the deposition of 210Po in autopsy tissues suggest that airborne radionuclides may contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Villa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mitiko Saiki
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lisie Tocci Justo
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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A Novel Evaluation Approach of County-Level City Disaster Resilience and Urban Environmental Cleanliness Based on SDG11 and Deqing County’s Situation. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11205713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
City disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness are two representative indicators used to assess the safety of human settlements in China’s Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). Traditional research on SDGs mainly concentrated at large-scale spatial level, such as global level or national level. It brings unclear significance to the implementation of SDGs in the county-level. The goal of this paper is to find a new calculation method to apply the index of urban disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness to the evaluation of county-level areas. A localization of county-level city disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness based on Deqing County’s situation was carried out. With quantification and projections of local data, the assessments of city disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness have completed. The evaluation showed that city disaster resilience is maintained at a low level, while indicators of urban cleanliness are lower than standards. The prediction of urban per capita environmental impact index based on Grey Time-Series Prediction Model was finished. The forecast showed that the urban per capita impact indicators in the next three years have not exceeded the standard line. The two indicators used to assess the safety of human settlements were consistent with the sustainable development of urban settlement. Partial results of this research were reported as a “county sample” at the first UN Geographic Information Conference held in Deqing in 2018.
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