1
|
Meng L, Yao W, Wen L, Fu X, Qi Y, Volmer DA. Optimized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry protocol for enhanced detection of 45 pesticides in water and soil samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9904. [PMID: 39223864 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of analytical screening techniques for pesticides is crucial for preventing and mitigating environmental contamination. Mass spectrometry-based screening methods differ based on the complexity of the sample matrix and the diversity of the target compounds. One of the major challenges is balancing cost reduction in the extraction process with the optimization of analytical results. This protocol introduces a universal and efficient scheme for the qualitative and quantitative schemes for 45 pesticides within a single analytical run. METHODS Water samples were extracted using an SPE column, with the pH adjusted to 7. Soil samples were processed using a modified QuEChERS method. The pretreatment for water samples emphasized selecting appropriate SPE columns and optimizing pH, while for soil samples, the focus was on choosing suitable extraction solvents and extraction salt packages. The enriched samples were then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was evaluated for accuracy, precision, detection limits, and matrix effects. RESULTS The method enabled the simultaneous detection of 45 pesticides within a 15-minute analysis period. SPE recoveries ranged from 56.1% to 118.8%. Instrumental detection limits varied between 0.02 and 1 pg, while method detection limits extended from 0.05 to 18.47 ng/l in soil and water matrices. The approach was successfully applied to water and soil samples, with the pesticide concentration ranging from 0.1 ng/L to 38 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS The protocol substantially enhances the characterization and quantification of 45 pesticides in environmental samples, achieving a remarkable reduction in detection limits by an order of magnitude compared to previous research. This method enables the simultaneous detection of pesticides in both water and soil matrices using a single system, addressing the challenges of using separate systems for different environmental media. Furthermore, this protocol provides a crucial theoretical foundation for managing and safeguarding against pesticide pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Meng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenrui Yao
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aladaghlo Z, Sahragard A, Fakhari A, Salarinejad N, Movahed SK, Dabiri M. Fe 3O 4@nitrogen-doped carbon@Pd core-double shell nanotubes as a novel nanosorbent for ultrasonic assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction of organophosphorus pesticides. Talanta 2024; 281:126911. [PMID: 39317067 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an ultrasonic assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction leveraging Fe3O4@nitrogen-doped carbon@Pd core-double shell nanotubes was developed for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in trace levels from real samples. Incorporation of Pd species into the structure of the nanosorbent could enhance its interactions with sulfur groups in the structure of OPPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, brunauer-emmett-teller, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the nanosorbent after its synthesis. Then, effective variables on the extraction efficiency of OPPs using the nanosorbent were optimized. These parameters included 2-propanol as the adsorption solvent; the sample pH of 7.0; the sorbent quantity of 10 mg; and the extraction and desorption times of 3 min. Under optimized conditions, linear ranges with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.99, low detection limits of 0.30 ng mL-1, high preconcentration factors (423-470) and relatively high extraction recoveries (84-94 %) were obtained. The proposed extraction system was then successfully applied to the analysis of OPPs in fruits, vegetables, water, and agricultural soil samples, yielding relative recoveries from 90.4 to 107 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zolfaghar Aladaghlo
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Ali Sahragard
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Alireza Fakhari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., P.O. Box 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Salarinejad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., P.O. Box 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Minoo Dabiri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., P.O. Box 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou X, Liu S, Wang T, Li Z. Seawater quality criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment for dichlorvos in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116669. [PMID: 38991609 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) that has been frequently detected in the marine environment of China. Water quality criteria (WQC) is however not available for this emergent pollutant in the marine environment, which hinders its ecological risk assessment. This study, therefore, screened toxicity values of DDVP and conducted toxicity tests on six marine species to supplement toxicity data. The WQC for DDVP was derived with the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology, based on which the ecological risk of DDVP in the seawater of China was assessed. The results showed that the recommended short-term (SWQC) and long-term water quality criteria (LWQC) for DDVP were 1.47 and 0.0521 μg/L, respectively. Most marine waters of China showed low or negligible risk (HQ < 1, ORP < 2 %), whereas some estuarine waters warrant further concern due to higher risk. This study provides the scientific basis for seawater quality standard formulation and ecological risk management for DDVP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzheng Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fatimah N, Ashraf S, Nayana R U K, Anju P, Showkat M, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Sayyed R, Mastinu A. Evaluation of suitability and biodegradability of the organophosphate insecticides to mitigate insecticide pollution in onion farming. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32580. [PMID: 39005928 PMCID: PMC11239468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates constitute a major class of pesticides widely employed in agriculture to manage insect pests. Their toxicity is attributed to their ability to inhibit the functioning of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an essential enzyme for normal nerve transmission. Organophosphates, especially chlorpyrifos, have been a key component of the integrated pest management (IPM) in onions, effectively controlling onion maggot Delia antiqua, a severe pest of onions. However, the growing concerns over the use of this insecticide on human health and the environment compelled the need for an alternative organophosphate and a potential microbial agent for bioremediation to mitigate organophosphate pesticide pollution. In the present study, chloropyrifos along with five other organophosphate insecticides, phosmet, primiphos-methyl, isofenphos, iodofenphos and tribuphos, were screened against the target protein AChE of D. antiqua using molecular modeling and docking techniques. The results revealed that iodofenphos showed the best interaction, while tribuphos had the lowest interaction with the AChE based on comparative binding energy values. Further, protein-protein interaction analysis conducted using the STRING database and Cytoscap software revealed that AChE is linked with a network of 10 different proteins, suggesting that the function of AChE is disrupted through interaction with insecticides, potentially leading to disruption within the network of associated proteins. Additionally, an in silico study was conducted to predict the binding efficiency of two organophosphate degrading enzymes, organophosphohydrolase (OpdA) from Agrobacterium radiobacter and Trichoderma harzianum paraoxonase 1 like (ThPON1-like) protein from Trichoderma harzianum, with the selected insecticides. The analysis revealed their potential to degrade the pesticides, offering a promising alternative before going for cumbersome onsite remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Fatimah
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Suhail Ashraf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Krishna Nayana R U
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680654, Kerala, India
| | - P.B. Anju
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680654, Kerala, India
| | - Mansoor Showkat
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - R.Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan Q, Li Y, Zhang J, Hu T, Hou Y, Tang S. Mechanisms of oxidative response during biodegradation of malathion by S. oneidensis MR-1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16832-16845. [PMID: 38326681 PMCID: PMC10894118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Malathion, an extensively used organophosphorus pesticide, poses a high potential risk of toxicity to humans and the environment. Shewanella (S.) oneidensis MR-1 has been proposed as a strain with excellent bioremediation capabilities, capable of efficiently removing a wide range of hard-to-degrade pollutants. However, the physiological and biochemical response of S. oneidensis MR-1 to malathion is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how S. oneidensis MR-1 responds physiologically and biochemically to malathion while also investigating the biodegradation properties of the pesticide. The results showed that the 7-day degradation rates of S. oneidensis MR-1 were 84.1, 91.6, and 94.0% at malathion concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 mg/L, respectively. As the concentration of malathion increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were inhibited, leading to a significant rise in malondialdehyde content. This outcome can be attributed to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by malathion stress. In addition, ROS production stimulates the secretion of soluble polysaccharides, which alleviates oxidative stress caused by malathion. Malathion-induced oxidative damage further exacerbated the changes in the cellular properties of S. oneidensis MR-1. During the initial stages of degradation, the cell density and total intracellular protein increased significantly with increasing malathion exposure. This can be attributed to the remarkable resistance of S. oneidensis MR-1 to malathion. Based on scanning electron microscopy observations, continuous exposure to contaminants led to a reduction in biomass and protein content, resulting in reduced cell activity and ultimately leading to cell rupture. In addition, this was accompanied by a decrease in Na+/K+- ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase levels, suggesting that malathion-mediated oxidative stress interfered with energy metabolism in S. oneidensis MR-1. The findings of this study provide new insights into the environmental risks associated with organophosphorus pesticides, specifically malathion, and their potential for bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaodong Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shen Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Wang Z, Dou Y, Cong J, Sun H, Wang L, Duan Z. Ecological risk assessment for typical organophosphorus pesticides in surface water of China based on a species sensitivity distribution model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169805. [PMID: 38181956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The ecological risks posed by widespread organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) pollution in the surface waters of China remain unclear. In this study, species sensitivity distribution (SSD) parametric statistical approaches were coupled with fully acute and chronic toxicity data to fit the sensitivity distributions of different aquatic species to five typical OPs: dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos. Crustaceans exhibit the highest sensitivity to OPs, whereas algae are the least sensitive. The acute hazardous concentrations that affected 5 % of the species (HC5) were 0.112, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 mg/L for dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos, respectively, whereas their chronic HC5 values were 0.004, 0.004, 0.053, 0.001, and 0.0005 mg/L, respectively. Hence, dichlorvos is highly toxic and poses greater risk to non-target aquatic species. The evaluation data revealed varying geographical distribution characteristics of the ecological risks from OPs in 15 freshwater aquatic systems across different regions of China. Dichlorvos posed the highest risk in the basins of Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces, with the highest chronic Risk Quotient (RQ) and Hazard Index (HI) at 9.34 and 9.92, respectively. This is much higher than what was collected and evaluated for foreign rivers (the highest chronic RQ and HI in foreign rivers were 1.65 and 2.24, respectively). Thus, dichlorvos in the surface waters of China poses a substantial ecological risk to aquatic organisms, and may endanger human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuhang Dou
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiaoyue Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenghua Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saravanakumar K, Park S, Vijayasarathy S, Swaminathan A, Sivasantosh S, Kim Y, Yoo G, Madhumitha H, MubarakAli D, Cho N. Cellular metabolism and health impacts of dichlorvos: Occurrence, detection, prevention, and remedial strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117600. [PMID: 37939806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, [DDVP]) belongs to the class of organophosphates and is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture farming and post-harvest storage units. Extensive research has been conducted to assess the factors responsible for the presence of DDVP in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the entire food chain. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of DDVP metabolites in the food chain and their toxicity to mammals. These studies emphasize that both immediate and chronic exposure to DDVP can disrupt the host's homeostasis, leading to multi-organ damage. Furthermore, as a potent carcinogen, DDVP can harm aquatic systems. Therefore, understanding the contamination of DDVP and its toxicological effects on both plants and mammals is vital for minimizing potential risks and enhancing safety in the future. This review aimed to comprehensively consolidate information about the distribution, ecological effects, and health impacts of DDVP, as well as its metabolism, detection, prevention, and remediation strategies. In summary, this study observes the distribution of DDVP contaminations in vegetables and fruits, resulting in significant toxicity to humans. Although several detection and bioremediation strategies are emerging, the improper application of DDVP and the alarming level of DDVP contamination in foods lead to human toxicity that requires attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- The Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | | | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hariharamohan Madhumitha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao X, Han X, Chen Y, Li J, Zhai Y. Flood irrigation increases the release of phosphorus from aquifer sediments into groundwater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 261:104297. [PMID: 38219282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Nonpoint source pollution caused by agricultural activities has long attracted widespread attention from people in society and academia. Many studies have found that human activities not only convey exogenous pollutants into aquifers but also affect the mobilization and transport of geogenic pollutants in aquifers. Geogenic groundwater with high phosphorus concentrations has been found, but it is unclear whether the changes in hydrogeochemical conditions caused by flood irrigation in paddy fields affect the fate of phosphorus. We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in groundwater under the influence of flood irrigation through laboratory experiments, proved its impact on phosphorus in groundwater, and explored the mechanisms influencing P concentrations. The results show that flood irrigation can increase the release of phosphorus in the aquifer media and greatly increase the phosphorus concentration in the groundwater of the study area, which has a negative impact on groundwater quality. The main mechanism of increase in phosphorus concentration in groundwater involves an increase in the reducibility of the aquifer via flood irrigation; as a result, iron oxides are reductively dissolved and iron-bound phosphorus is released into the groundwater. Changes in pH also result in the dissolution of calcium phosphate minerals and the release calcium-bound phosphorus. This study not only advances the theory of multielement-coupled hydrogeochemistry but also provides a reference for agricultural planning and groundwater pollution prevention and control in rice-growing areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yaoxuan Chen
- China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu K, Cui K, Huang Y, Yu K, Chen X, Li CX, Chen Y. Degree of human activity exert differentiated influence on conventional and emerging pollutants in drinking water source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7214-7226. [PMID: 38157162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution poses a significant threat to drinking water sources worldwide. Previous studies have focused on the occurrence of pollutants in drinking water sources, but the impact of human activities on different types of pollutants in drinking water sources is still unclear. In this study, we chose the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River (URDR) as a case study to investigate the distribution characteristics of conventional pollutants, pesticides, and antibiotics along the gradient of human intervention. Our findings reveal that human activities can effect both conventional pollutants and emerging pollutants in the URDR to varying degrees. The escalation of human activities correlates with a rising trend in conventional pollutants, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Notably, only C1 (terrestrial humus) in dissolved organic matter (DOM) exhibits this increasing pattern. Pesticide and antibiotic concentrations are highest in areas with moderate and high levels of human activity, respectively, and the degree of eutrophication of drinking water closely follows the gradient of human activity. Our results also indicate that most pesticides pose a significant risk in the URDR, particularly pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs). Out of all antibiotics, only Norfloxacin (NFX) and Penicillin G (PENG) are classified as high-risk, with NFX exhibiting significant variation across different degrees of human activity. C1 and TP were the most important factors affecting the distribution of organophosphorus (OPPs) and PYRs, respectively. In conclusion, varying degrees of human activity exert differentiated influences on conventional and emerging pollutants in drinking water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yuansheng Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Y, Li Z. Streamlining Pesticide Regulation Across International River Basins for Effective Transboundary Environmental Management. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:67-80. [PMID: 37782327 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide standard values (PSVs) are critical for environmental management, environmental quality control, and remediation. Some countries or regions share river basins; however, their pesticide regulations are inconsistent, which could create a barrier to transboundary environmental management. To address this issue, we propose PSV scores for neighboring countries in order to promote pesticide regulatory harmonization within international river basins. Representative pesticides were selected to define PSV scores, including chemicals that are currently and historically widely used. Countries or regions from five international river basins were chosen for analysis: the Amazon, Mekong-Lancang, Rhine-Meuse, Danube, and Great Lakes. PSV scores were calculated for each of four environmental compartments: soil, surface freshwater, groundwater, and drinking water. The results revealed that current regulatory agencies lack PSVs of current used pesticides for surface freshwater. With the exception of the member states of the European Union and the Great Lakes states of the United States, the majority of basin countries or regions lack uniform pesticide regulations in environmental compartments to facilitate transboundary environmental management. In addition, PSVs have not been established for a large number of pesticides currently used in agriculture, which could lead to water contamination by pesticides used in upstream environmental compartments (e.g., croplands). Also, current PSVs do not align across environmental compartments, which could cause inter-environmental contamination by pesticides used in upstream compartments. In light of the fact that current river basins lack uniform pesticide regulations, the following recommendations are provided to promote transboundary environmental management: (1) river basin regions should collaborate on pesticide regulation establishment, (2) pesticide regulations should be aligned across environmental compartments, (3) current-use pesticides should receive more attention, and (4) quantitative approaches should be proposed for linking PSVs across environmental compartments. This study provides a regulatory tool to identify possible gaps in transboundary environmental management and improve the pesticide regulatory policies. It is expected to establish cooperation organizations to enhance regulatory communications and collaborations for transboundary environmental pesticide management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yabi Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Xin S, Deng W, Wang B, Liu X, Yuan Y, Wang S. Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution patterns,partitioning and risk assessments of multiple pesticide residues in typical estuarine water environments in eastern China. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120570. [PMID: 37703754 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The low terrain and the prosperous agriculture in the east of China, have caused the accumulation of pesticide residues in the estuaries. Therefore, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and partition tendency of 106 pesticides based on their abundance, frequencies, and concentrations in the aquatic environment of 16 river estuaries in 7 major basins in the eastern China by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‒MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC‒MS/MS). In addition, potential risk of multiple pesticides was also evaluated. The results showed that herbicides were the dominant pesticide type, while triazines were the predominate substance group of pesticide. In addition, triadimenol, vinclozolin, diethylatrazine, prometryn, thiamethoxam, atrazine, and metalachlor were the major pesticides in the water, while prometryn, metalachlor, and atrazine were the main pesticides in the sediment. The average total concentration of pesticide was 751.15 ng/L in the dry season, 651.17 ng/L in the wet season, and 617.37 ng/L in the normal season, respectively. The estuaries of the Huai River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin, the Hai River Basin, and the Yellow River Basin have been affected by the low pollution treatment efficiency, weak infrastructure, and agricultural/non-agricultural activities in eastern China, resulting in relatively serious pesticide pollution. The estuaries of Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Xiaoqing River, and Luanhe River had large pesticide abundance and comparatively severe pesticide pollution, while the estuaries of Tuhai River and Haihe River had heavy pesticide contamination in the sediment, which might be induced by historical sedimentary factors. The log KOC values showed that except for thioketone, other pesticides were relatively stable due to the adsorption by sediment. The ecological risk assessment results indicated that insecticides had a high risk. Teenagers were the most severely affected by the noncarcinogenic risk of pesticides, while adults were mostly affected by the carcinogenic risk of pesticides. Therefore, pesticide hazards in the water environment of estuaries in eastern China needs to be further close supervision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Li
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shuhan Xin
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shiliang Wang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang M, Jiang D, Ding D, Deng S, Kong L, Wei J, Xia F, Li M, Long T. Spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic risk assessment of a multi-solvents abandoned pesticide-contaminated site with a long history, in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117633. [PMID: 36898240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the economy and the adjustment of urban planning and layout, abandoned pesticide sites are widely distributed in major and medium cities in China. Groundwater pollution of a large number of abandoned pesticide-contaminated sites has caused great potential risks to human health. Up to now, few relevant studies concerned the spatiotemporal variation of risks exposure to multi-pollutants in groundwater using probabilistic methods. In our study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of organics contamination and corresponding health risks in the groundwater of a closed pesticide site were systematically assessed. A total of 152 pollutants were targeted for monitoring over a time span up to five years (i.e., June 2016-June 2020). BTEX, phenols, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons were the main contaminants. The metadata was subjected to health risk assessments using the deterministic and probabilistic methods for four age groups, and the results showed that the risks were highly unacceptable. Both methods showed that children (0-5 years old) and adults (19-70 years old) were the age groups with the highest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, respectively. Compared with inhalation and dermal contact, oral ingestion was the predominant exposure pathway that contributed 98.41%-99.69% of overall health risks. Spatiotemporal analysis further revealed that the overall risks first increased then decreased within five years. The risk contributions of different pollutants were also found to vary substantially with time, indicating that dynamic risk assessment is necessary. Compared with the probabilistic method, the deterministic approach relatively overestimated the true risks of OPs. The results provide a scientific basis and practical experience for scientific management and governance of abandoned pesticide sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Da Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Lingya Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Jiang S, Zheng H, Shi Y, Cai M, Cai Y. Organophosphorus pesticides in southeastern China marginal seas: Land-based export and ocean currents redistribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160011. [PMID: 36356779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have raised an increasing public concern due to their harmful impacts. To explore the occurrence and distribution of OPPs in southeastern China marginal seas (SCMS), a sampling campaign was carried out from East China Sea (ECS) to South China Sea (SCS). A total of 33 OPPs are quantified with the ΣOPPs concentrations ranging from 4.73 to 14.15 ng/L. Higher ΣOPPs concentrations in the surface seawater from the estuaries of Yangtze River, Minjiang River, and Pearl River than those at other sampling sites indicates that riverine emissions are the principal sources of OPPs in SCMS. Different compositions of OPPs in ECS and SCS highlight the different priority of use categories for OPPs in China coastal region. In addition, the vertical diffusion and upwelling ocean currents play critical roles in the redistribution of OPPs in SCMS. For the first time, the ΣOPPs mass inventories in surface seawater of ECS and SCS are estimated at 8.51 and 11.26 t, respectively. Although the current ecological risk of OPPs is at low level in surface seawater of SCMS, the long-term use and bio-accumulative potential point to the necessity for the normalized monitoring of OPPs in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Su Jiang
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; School of Oceanography (SOO), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Minghong Cai
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; School of Oceanography (SOO), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang P, Wang Y, Liu SS, Wang ZJ, Xu YQ. SAHmap: Synergistic-antagonistic heatmap to evaluate the combined synergistic effect of mixtures of three pesticides on multiple endpoints of Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120378. [PMID: 36220575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollution caused by toxic chemicals such as pesticides has become a global problem. The mixture of dichlorvos (DIC), dimethoate (DIM), aldicarb (ALD) poses potential risks to the environment and human health. To fully explore the interaction of complex mixtures on Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral toxicity endpoint. This study created a synergistic-antagonistic heatmap (SAHmap) based on the combination index to systematically describe the toxicological interaction prospect of the mixture system. It was shown that the three pesticides and their binary as well as ternary mixture rays have significant concentration-response relationship on three behavioral endpoints of nematodes, From the perspective of synergistic-antagonistic heatmaps, all the mixture rays in the DIC-DIM mixture system showed strong synergism on the three behavioral and lethal endpoints. In the ternary mixture system, the five mixture rays showed different interaction between the behavioral endpoint and the lethal endpoint, and showed slight synergism to two behavioral endpoints as a whole. The emergence of synergism should arouse our attention to these hazardous chemicals. In addition, the use of SAHmap and the significant linear correlation among three behavioral endpoints further improved the efficiency of the study on the behavioral toxicity of pesticide mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou Q, Zhang J, Zhao J, Mao L, Zhao S, Wang B, Wei X, Shi Q, Chen J, Sun J. Ultrasound-enhanced air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for the UPLC determination of organophosphorus pesticides in river water. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
16
|
Chen M, Jin X, Liu Y, Guo L, Ma Y, Guo C, Wang F, Xu J. Human activities induce potential aquatic threats of micropollutants in Danjiangkou Reservoir, the largest artificial freshwater lake in Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157843. [PMID: 35934027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services may decline because of toxicant input, and other environmental variables often co-occur with contaminants to jeopardize the freshwater ecosystem. In this study, Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJKR) in central China was selected as the target research area to investigate the impact of multiple categories of micropollutants coupled with other stressors on the reservoir ecosystem. A total of 140 samples were collected from 28 sites in DJKR, and 124 micropollutants, including pesticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), psychoactive substances, antiviral drugs, and pharmaceutical and personal care products, were quantified. A total of 108 micropollutants were detected in the water samples, with sum concentrations ranging from 82.35 ng·L-1 to 1436.57 ng·L-1, and 71 of them had a detection frequency above 50 %, indicating the prevailing micropollutant contamination in the reservoir. The most severe pollution and risks were observed in the tributaries of DJKR. Pesticides (neonicotinoid and triazine) and OPEs were the major contributors to the ecological risk in the reservoir. Insecticides, herbicides, and OPEs accounted for the majority of the risks to fish, algae, and invertebrates, respectively. The determined priority pollutants should be paid increased attention. Environmental variables and human activities, such as human land use, induced the potential aquatic threats of micropollutants in DJKR. Results demonstrated that micropollutant pollution was one of the dominant pressures faced by aquatic organisms and human beings, and human activities played important roles as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Li Guo
- Hubei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Ma
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Hubei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jing Q, Liu J, Chen A, Chen C, Liu J. The spatial-temporal chemical footprint of pesticides in China from 1999 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75539-75549. [PMID: 35657547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of pesticides brings considerable environmental and human health impacts. This study conducted an overall assessment of the ecological impact of the extensive pesticide use in China from 1999 to 2018 through the Chemical Footprint (ChF) calculation. The results demonstrated that the primary ecological impacts caused by pesticides occurred in the most central and eastern regions in China, e.g., provinces of Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu. The northeastern, some southern and central provinces, e.g., Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Ningxia, and Shaanxi, got moderate impacts, whereas the northwest regions, e.g., Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Tibet, had much lighter impacts relatively. The agricultural soil in inland areas and surface sea waters in coastal provinces bore the major impacts of the pesticide pollution in China, shared above 80% of the ChF across all environmental compartments. Chlorpyrifos, pymetrozine, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, atrazine, etc., were the pesticides that had the greatest impacts on the ecosystem, which contributed over 95% of the total ChF of pesticides used in China, although the use amount of these pesticides accounted for less than 10% of the total use amount of all pesticides annually. The study also indicated that the overall ChF of pesticide use in China has been declining since 2010, which was corresponding with the control actions of highly hazardous pesticides, especially the elimination of high toxic organophosphorus insecticides during the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Jing
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junzhou Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Anna Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengkang Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|