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Wan X, Wang L, Chang J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Li K, Sun G, Liu C, Zhong Y. Effective synthesis of high-content fructooligosaccharides in engineered Aspergillus niger. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:76. [PMID: 38461254 PMCID: PMC10924377 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 is an industrially important fructooligosaccharides (FOS) producer since it produces the β-fructofuranosidase with superior transglycosylation activity, which is responsible for the conversion of sucrose to FOS accompanied by the by-product (glucose) generation. This study aims to consume glucose to enhance the content of FOS by heterologously expressing glucose oxidase and peroxidase in engineered A. niger. RESULTS Glucose oxidase was successfully expressed and co-localized with β-fructofuranosidase in mycelia. These mycelia were applied to synthesis of FOS, which possessed an increased purity of 60.63% from 52.07%. Furthermore, peroxidase was expressed in A. niger and reached 7.70 U/g, which could remove the potential inhibitor of glucose oxidase to facilitate the FOS synthesis. Finally, the glucose oxidase-expressing strain and the peroxidase-expressing strain were jointly used to synthesize FOS, which content achieved 71.00%. CONCLUSIONS This strategy allows for obtaining high-content FOS by the multiple enzymes expressed in the industrial fungus, avoiding additional purification processes used in the production of oligosaccharides. This study not only facilitated the high-purity FOS synthesis, but also demonstrated the potential of A. niger ATCC 20611 as an enzyme-producing cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewen Li
- Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 251299, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilian Sun
- Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 251299, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liang Z, Yan Y, Zhang W, Luo H, Yao B, Huang H, Tu T. Review of glucose oxidase as a feed additive: production, engineering, applications, growth-promoting mechanisms, and outlook. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35723581 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2057275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation and prohibition of antibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP) in the feed field are increasing because they cause antimicrobial resistance and drug residue issues and threaten community health. Recently, glucose oxidase (GOx) has attracted increasing interest in the feed industry as an alternative to antibiotics. GOx specifically catalyzes the production of gluconic acid (GA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by consuming molecular oxygen, and plays an important role in relieving oxidative stress, preserving health, and promoting animal growth. To expand the application of GOx in the feed field, considerable efforts have been made to mine new genetic resources. Efforts have also been made to heterologously overexpress relevant genes to reduce production costs and to engineer proteins by modifying enzyme properties, both of which are bottleneck problems that limit industrial feed applications. Herein, the: different sources, diverse biochemical properties, distinct structural features, and various strategies of GOx engineering and heterologous overexpression are summarized. The mechanism through which GOx promotes growth in animal production, including the improvement of antioxidant capacity, maintenance of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and enhancement of gut function, are also systematically addressed. Finally, a new perspective is provided for the future development of GOx applications in the feed field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaru Yan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Khatami SH, Vakili O, Ahmadi N, Soltani Fard E, Mousavi P, Khalvati B, Maleksabet A, Savardashtaki A, Taheri-Anganeh M, Movahedpour A. Glucose oxidase: Applications, sources, and recombinant production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:939-950. [PMID: 33840140 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase is a subset of oxidoreductase enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from an oxidant to a reductant. Glucose oxidases use oxygen as an external electron acceptor that releases hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Glucose oxidase has many applications in commercial processes, including improving the color and taste, increasing the persistence of food materials, removing the glucose from the dried egg, and eliminating the oxygen from different juices and beverages. Moreover, glucose oxidase, along with catalase, is used in glucose testing kits (especially in biosensors) to detect and measure the presence of glucose in industrial and biological solutions (e.g., blood and urine specimens). Hence, glucose oxidase is a valuable enzyme in the industry and medical diagnostics. Therefore, evaluating the structure and function of glucose oxidase is crucial for modifying as well as improving its catalytic properties. Finding different sources of glucose oxidase is an effective way to find the type of enzyme with the desired catalysis. Besides, the recombinant production of glucose oxidase is the best approach to produce sufficient amounts of glucose oxidase for various uses. Accordingly, the study of various aspects of glucose oxidase in biotechnology and bioprocessing is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Yuan M, Ning C, Yang S, Liang Q, Mou H, Liu Z. A New Cold-Active Glucose Oxidase From Penicillium: High-Level Expression and Application in Fish Preservation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:606007. [PMID: 33329498 PMCID: PMC7719636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) with high enzyme activity at low temperature (4°C) is potentially useful for food preservation, especially for aquatic products preservation. A cold-active GOx with approximately 83% similarity to known protein sequences, was isolated from Penicillium sp. MX3343 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. Through high cell density fermentation, the yield of recombinant enzyme (named GOxP5) reached 458.6 U/mL. GOxP5 showed optimal activity at 30°C and pH 5.5, and was stable at a broad pH range from pH 2-6. Moreover, GOxP5 could maintain 72% maximum activity at 4°C, suggesting its application for the preservation of aquatic products at low-temperatures. Importantly, GOxP5 showed a good antimicrobial effect against common fish pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Moreover, sensory, microbiological (total bacterial count), and physicochemical (total volatile basic nitrogen and pH) systematic analyses proved GOxP5 to be an excellent freshness preserving agent in the context of the grass carp. These favorable enzymatic properties of GOxP5 make it potentially useful in food biopreservation, and the effect was better compared to the commonly used chemical preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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5
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Wang Y, Wang J, Leng F, Ma J, Bagadi A. Expression of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase in Pichia pastoris and its antimicrobial activity against Agrobacterium and Escherichia coli. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9010. [PMID: 32832258 PMCID: PMC7413082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger ZM-8 was cloned and transferred to Pichia pastoris GS115, a transgenic strain P. pastoris GS115-His-GOD constructed. The growth curve of P. pastoris GS115-His-GOD was consistent with that of Pichia pastoris GS115-pPIC9K under non-induced culture conditions. Under methanol induction conditions, the growth of the GOD-transgenic strain was significantly lowered than P. pastoris GS115-pPIC9K with the induced-culture time increase, and the optical densities of GOD-transgenic strain reached one-third of that of the P. pastoris GS115-pPIC9K at 51 h. The activity of glucose oxidase in the cell-free supernatant, the supernatant of cell lysate, and the precipitation of cell lysate was 14.3 U/mL, 18.2 U/mL and 0.48 U/mL, respectively. The specific activity of glucose oxidase was 8.3 U/mg, 6.52 U/mg and 0.73 U/mg, respectively. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed by glucose oxidase from supernatant of the fermentation medium, the supernatant of the cell lysate, and the precipitation of cell lysate catalyzing 0.2 M glucose was 14.3 μg/mL, 18.2 μg/mL, 0.48 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of different concentrations of glucose oxidase and glucose could significantly inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium and Escherichia coli in logarithmic phase. The filter article containing supernatant of the fermentation medium, supernatant of the cell lysate, and precipitation of cell lysate had no inhibitory effect on Agrobacterium and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the plate culture of Agrobacterium and E. coli was 5.6 × 103 μg/mL and 6.0 × 103 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangqin Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Alnoor Bagadi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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6
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Characterization, stability improvement, and bread baking applications of a novel cold-adapted glucose oxidase from Cladosporium neopsychrotolerans SL16. Food Chem 2020; 310:125970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Mu Q, Cui Y, Tian Y, Hu M, Tao Y, Wu B. Thermostability improvement of the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger for efficient gluconic acid production via computational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1060-1068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Engineering glucose oxidase for bioelectrochemical applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:218-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Improving the thermostability and catalytic efficiency of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger by molecular evolution. Food Chem 2019; 281:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Belyad F, Karkhanei AA, Raheb J. Expression, characterization and one step purification of heterologous glucose oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 in Pichia pastoris. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2018; 19:1-5. [PMID: 30197862 PMCID: PMC6126455 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose Oxidase (GOD), is a common flavoprotein from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 with a broad application in biotechnology, food and medical industries. In this study, GOD gene was cloned into the expression vector, pPIC9 and screened by the alcohol oxidase promoter. The enzyme production increased at 28 °C. GOD activity induced by 1.0% methanol and the highest level of GOD production was the result of shaking rate at 225 rpm. The highest enzyme activity obtained at a pH value ranged from 5 to 7 at 50 °C. The enzyme was stable at a broad pH range and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhry Belyad
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhanei
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Raheb
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Nigeb), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, km 15, Tehran – Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Khadivi Derakshan F, Darvishi F, Dezfulian M, Madzak C. Expression and Characterization of Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger in Yarrowia lipolytica. Mol Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Ozawa K, Iwasa H, Sasaki N, Kinoshita N, Hiratsuka A, Yokoyama K. Identification and characterization of thermostable glucose dehydrogenases from thermophilic filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:173-183. [PMID: 27510979 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH), which contains FAD as a cofactor, catalyzes the oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone, and plays an important role in biosensors measuring blood glucose levels. In order to obtain a novel FAD-GDH gene homolog, we performed degenerate PCR screening of genomic DNAs from 17 species of thermophilic filamentous fungi. Two FAD-GDH gene homologs were identified and cloned from Talaromyces emersonii NBRC 31232 and Thermoascus crustaceus NBRC 9129. We then prepared the recombinant enzymes produced by Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Absorption spectra and enzymatic assays revealed that the resulting enzymes contained oxidized FAD as a cofactor and exhibited glucose dehydrogenase activity. The transition midpoint temperatures (T m) were 66.4 and 62.5 °C for glycosylated FAD-GDHs of T. emersonii and T. crustaceus prepared by using P. pastoris as a host, respectively. Therefore, both FAD-GDHs exhibited high thermostability. In conclusion, we propose that these thermostable FAD-GDHs could be ideal enzymes for use as thermotolerant glucose sensors with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Ozawa
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hisanori Iwasa
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Noriko Sasaki
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nao Kinoshita
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Atsunori Hiratsuka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokoyama
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan. .,School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
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High-Level Extracellular Production of Glucose Oxidase by Recombinant Pichia Pastoris Using a Combined Strategy. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1429-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Gu L, Zhang J, Du G, Chen J. Multivariate modular engineering of the protein secretory pathway for production of heterologous glucose oxidase in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 68:33-42. [PMID: 25435503 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Limitations in protein production and secretion have been attributed to the inefficient folding rate of overexpressed proteins and the cellular response to the presence of overexpressed proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, we improved the yield of glucose oxidase (GOD) by manipulating genes involved in protein folding machinery and abnormal folding stress responses. First, genes with folding and secretion functions were used to modulate the folding rate of GOD in the ER and its secretion level in the cytoplasm. Next, the potential benefits of the ERAD elements were determined. Cellular resistance to ER derived stress was then strengthened by overexpressing the stress response gene GCN4. Furthermore, a module combination strategy, which co-expressed the SEC53, CNE1 and GCN4 genes, was employed to construct the Pichia pastoris strain S17. This increased the yield of GOD to 21.81g/L, with an activity of 1972.9U/mL, which were 2.53- and 5.11-fold higher, respectively, than the control strain. The work described here improved GOD production significantly, and the strategies employed in this study provide novel information for the large-scale production of heterologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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15
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Isa NKM, Mat Don M. Investigation of the gibberellic acid optimization with a statistical tool from Penicillium variable in batch reactor. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:572-85. [PMID: 24499362 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.844707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The culture conditions for gibberellic acid (GA3) production by the fungus Penicillium variable (P. variable) was optimized using a statistical tool, response surface methodology (RSM). Interactions of culture conditions and optimization of the system were studied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three levels of three variables in a batch flask reactor. Experimentation showed that the model developed based on RSM and BBD had predicted GA3 production with R(2) = 0.987. The predicted GA3 production was optimum (31.57 mg GA3/kg substrate) when the culture conditions were at 7 days of incubation period, 21% v/w of inoculum size, and 2% v/w of olive oil concentration as a natural precursor. The results indicated that RSM and BBD methods were effective for optimizing the culture conditions of GA3 production by P. variable mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Kamilah Md Isa
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seberang Perai Selatan , Penang , Malaysia
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16
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Gasser CA, Hommes G, Schäffer A, Corvini PFX. Multi-catalysis reactions: new prospects and challenges of biotechnology to valorize lignin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1115-34. [PMID: 22782247 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been dedicated to the chemical depolymerization of lignin, a biopolymer constituting a possible renewable source for aromatic value-added chemicals. However, these efforts yielded limited success up until now. Efficient lignin conversion might necessitate novel catalysts enabling new types of reactions. The use of multiple catalysts, including a combination of biocatalysts, might be necessary. New perspectives for the combination of bio- and inorganic catalysts in one-pot reactions are emerging, thanks to green chemistry-driven advances in enzyme engineering and immobilization and new chemical catalyst design. Such combinations could offer several advantages, especially by reducing time and yield losses associated with the isolation and purification of the reaction products, but also represent a big challenge since the optimal reaction conditions of bio- and chemical catalysis reactions are often different. This mini-review gives an overview of bio- and inorganic catalysts having the potential to be used in combination for lignin depolymerization. We also discuss key aspects to consider when combining these catalysts in one-pot reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Gasser
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, 4132, Switzerland
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17
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Barad S, Horowitz SB, Moscovitz O, Lichter A, Sherman A, Prusky D. A Penicillium expansum glucose oxidase-encoding gene, GOX2, is essential for gluconic acid production and acidification during colonization of deciduous fruit. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:779-88. [PMID: 22352719 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-12-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold rot, causes severe postharvest maceration of fruit through secretion of total, d-gluconic acid (GLA). Two P. expansum glucose oxidase (GOX)-encoding genes, GOX1 and GOX2, were analyzed. GOX activity and GLA accumulation were strongly related to GOX2 expression, which increased with pH to a maximum at pH 7.0, whereas GOX1 was expressed at pH 4.0, where no GOX activity or extracellular GLA were detected. This differential expression was also observed at the leading edge of the decaying tissue, where GOX2 expression was dominant. The roles of the GOX genes in pathogenicity were further studied through i) development of P. expansum goxRNAi mutants exhibiting differential downregulation of GOX2, ii) heterologous expression of the P. expansum GOX2 gene in the nondeciduous fruit-pathogen P. chrysogenum, and iii) modulation of GLA production by FeSO(4) chelation. Interestingly, in P. expansum, pH and GLA production elicited opposite effects on germination and biomass accumulation: 26% of spores germinated at pH 7.0 when GOX activity and GLA were highest whereas, in P. chrysogenum at the same pH, when GLA did not accumulate, 72% of spores germinated. Moreover, heterologous expression of P. expansum GOX2 in P. chrysogenum resulted in enhanced GLA production and reduced germination, suggesting negative regulation of spore germination and GLA production. These results demonstrate that pH modulation, mediated by GLA accumulation, is an important factor in generating the initial signal or signals for fungal development leading to host-tissue colonization by P. expansum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Barad
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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18
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Gao Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Huang H, Li M, Zhou L, Tang Y, Yao B, Zhang W. High-level expression of the Penicillium notatum glucose oxidase gene in Pichia pastoris using codon optimization. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:507-14. [PMID: 22052258 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glucose oxidase (GOD) gene from Penicillium notatum was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The 1,815 bp gene, god-w, encodes 604 amino acids. Recombinant GOD-w had optimal activity at 35-40°C and pH 6.2 and was stable, from pH 3 to 7 maintaining >75% maximum activity after incubation at 50°C for 1 h. GOD-w worked as well as commercial GODs to improve bread making. To achieve high-level expression of recombinant GOD in P. pastoris, 272 nucleotides involving 228 residues were mutated, consistent with the codon bias of P. pastoris. The optimized recombinant GOD-m yielded 615 U ml(-1) (2.5 g protein l(-1)) in a 3 l fermentor--410% higher than GOD-w (148 U ml(-1)), and thus is a low-cost alternative for the bread baking industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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19
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Recombinant glucose oxidase from Penicillium amagasakiense for efficient bioelectrochemical applications in physiological conditions. J Biotechnol 2011; 151:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Guo Y, Lu F, Zhao H, Tang Y, Lu Z. Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Glucose Oxidase Gene from Aspergillus niger Z-25 in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:498-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Bankar SB, Bule MV, Singhal RS, Ananthanarayan L. Glucose oxidase--an overview. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:489-501. [PMID: 19374943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.2.3.4) catalyzes the oxidation of beta-D-glucose to gluconic acid, by utilizing molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor with simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide. Microbial glucose oxidase is currently receiving much attention due to its wide applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, beverage, clinical chemistry, biotechnology and other industries. Novel applications of glucose oxidase in biosensors have increased the demand in recent years. Present review discusses the production, recovery, characterization, immobilization and applications of glucose oxidase. Production of glucose oxidase by fermentation is detailed, along with recombinant methods. Various purification techniques for higher recovery of glucose oxidase are described here. Issues of enzyme kinetics, stability studies and characterization are addressed. Immobilized preparations of glucose oxidase are also discussed. Applications of glucose oxidase in various industries and as analytical enzymes are having an increasing impact on bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bankar
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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22
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Ogawa S, Shimizu T, Ohki H, Araya T, Okuno T, Miyairi K. Expression, purification, and analyses of glycosylation and disulfide bonds of Stereum purpureum endopolygalacturonase I in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 65:15-22. [PMID: 19174189 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have succeeded in the expression of Stereum purpureum endopolygalacturonase I (EndoPG I) using the Pichia expression system and in purification of the three kinds of recombinant EndoPG I, which have one to three sugar chains by using CM52 column chromatography. The sugar chains which were added to EndoPG I were the M8, M9, and/or M10 high-mannose type. The results of LC-MS analysis showed that recombinant EndoPG Is were randomly glycosylated at four N-glycosylation sites. From the thermal denaturation curves of the recombinant enzymes, it was suggested that EndoPG I differing in thermal stability was included in the sample after purification. Therefore, we investigated the disulfide bonds of recombinant EndoPG I by LC-MS analysis. As a result, peptides without a second or third disulfide bond were detected. This result is the first indicating that there are incomplete enzymes in terms of disulfide bonds in the Pichia expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ogawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Aomori Prefecture, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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