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Gao P, Qi K, Han Y, Ma L, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Guan X, Qi J. Effect of Trichoderma viride on rhizosphere microbial communities and biocontrol of soybean root rot. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1204688. [PMID: 37333630 PMCID: PMC10272447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological seed dressing is a cost-effective means to protect plant roots from pathogens. Trichoderma is generally considered as one of the most common biological seed dressings. However, there is still a dearth of information on the effects of Trichoderma on microbial community of rhizosphere soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the effects of Trichoderma viride and a chemical fungicide on microbial community of soybean rhizosphere soil. The results showed that both T. viride and chemical fungicide could significantly reduce the disease index of soybean (15.11% for Trichoderma and 17.33% for Chemical), while no significant difference was observed between them. Both T. viride and chemical fungicide could affect the structure of rhizosphere microbial community, they increased the β-diversity of microbial community and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Saprotroph-Symbiotroph. Chemical fungicide could reduce the complexity and stability of co-occurrence network. However, T. viride is beneficial for maintaining network stability and increasing network complexity. There were 31 bacterial genera and 21 fungal genera significantly correlated with the disease index. Furthermore, several potential plant pathogenic microorganisms were also positively correlated with disease index, such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Conocybe, Naganishia, and Monocillium. From this work, T. viride may be used as a substitute for chemical fungicide to control soybean root rot and be more friendly to soil microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yujuan Han
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liguo Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiumin Guan
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Junshan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Mechanisms of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 Fermentation against Valsa mali through Inhibiting Its Growth and Reproduction, Pathogenicity and Gene Expression. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020113. [PMID: 35205867 PMCID: PMC8875883 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple Valsa canker is one of the most serious diseases, having caused significant apple yield and economic loss in China. However, there is still no effective biological methods for controlling this disease. Our present study focused on the inhibitory activity and mechanisms of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (T6) fermentation on Valsa mali that causes apple Valsa canker (AVC). Our results showed that the T6 fermentation exhibited effective antifungal activity on the mycelial growth and conidia germination of V. mali, causing mycelium malformation and the hyphal disintegrating in comparison to the control. The activity of pathogenically related enzymes that are secreted from V. mali and the expression level of gene of V. mali were significantly inhibited and downregulated by treatment with T6 fermentation. In addition, the lesion area and number of pycnidia of V. mali formed on the branches were significantly reduced after treatment with the T6 fermentation through the pathogenicity test on the detached branches. Our results indicate that the possible mechanism of T6 fermentation against V. mali occurs through inhibiting its growth and reproduction, the pathogenic enzyme activity, and its related gene expression.
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Sánchez-Montesinos B, Santos M, Moreno-Gavíra A, Marín-Rodulfo T, Gea FJ, Diánez F. Biological Control of Fungal Diseases by Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum and Its Compatibility with Fungicides. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:598. [PMID: 34436137 PMCID: PMC8397002 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum as a biological control agent against diseases from fungal phytopathogens. Twelve isolates of T. aggressivum f. europaeum were obtained from several substrates used for Agaricus bisporus cultivation from farms in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Growth rates of the 12 isolates were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani f. cucurbitae, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Mycosphaerella melonis, and all isolates had high growth rates. T. aggressivum f. europaeum showed high antagonistic activity for different phytopathogens, greater than 80%, except for P. aphanidermatum at approximately 65%. The most effective isolate, T. aggressivum f. europaeum TAET1, inhibited B. cinerea, S. sclerotiorum, and M. melonis growth by 100% in detached leaves assay and inhibited germination of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia. Disease incidence and severity in plant assays for pathosystems ranged from 22% for F. solani to 80% for M. melonis. This isolate reduced the incidence of Podosphaera xanthii in zucchini leaves by 66.78%. The high compatibility by this isolate with fungicides could allow its use in combination with different pest management strategies. Based on the results, T. aggressivum f. europaeum TAET1 should be considered for studies in commercial greenhouses as a biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (B.S.-M.); (A.M.-G.); (T.M.-R.)
| | - Mila Santos
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (B.S.-M.); (A.M.-G.); (T.M.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (B.S.-M.); (A.M.-G.); (T.M.-R.)
| | - Teresa Marín-Rodulfo
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (B.S.-M.); (A.M.-G.); (T.M.-R.)
| | - Francisco J. Gea
- Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del Champiñón (CIES), Quintanar del Rey, 16220 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Fernando Diánez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (B.S.-M.); (A.M.-G.); (T.M.-R.)
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Li D, Xiao J, Wu L, Geng X, Wu G, Zeng Z, Hu J. Decolorization of molasses alcohol wastewater by thermophilic hydrolase with practical application value. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124609. [PMID: 33387709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore the ability of cutinase in the decolorization of molasses wastewater. Thermophilic cutinase from Thermobifida alba eliminated 76.1-78.2% of colorants and exhibited the highest decolorization efficiency amongst all of the cutinases tested. Cutinase from Thermobifida alba was immobilized on an affordable and efficient modified chitosan carrier and achieved a decolorization yield of 79.3-81.2%. This cutinase removed 66.3-71.1% of pigments and lasted continuously for 5 days. Importantly, it was also shown to continuously and effectively remove COD and BOD5. Compared to other enzymes, the immobilized cutinase from Thermobifida alba had the advantage of being low-cost and had a high expression level and activity. The results confirmed the decolorization occurred by destroying the conjugated system of melanoidins via an addition reaction by cutinase from Thermobifida alba. Thus, this study contributes a more practical and efficient approach to enzymatic decolorization of molasses wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Dongming Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Leiyan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xiang Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Zicong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Engineering Research Center of Animal Husbandry Facility Technology Exploitation, Nanchang 330045, PR China
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Vaithyanathan VK, Ravi S, Leduc R, Vaidyanathan VK, Cabana H. Utilization of biosolids for glucose oxidase production: A potential bio-fenton reagent for advanced oxidation process for removal of pharmaceutically active compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110995. [PMID: 32778284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current work focuses on the production of glucose oxidase (GOD) in sterilized biosolid (BS) slurries containing BS and municipal wastewater effluent. Various parameters were optimized for maximizing the GOD production and the effects of biostimulation on GOD production was investigated by adding synthetic media components. The studies on inoculum characteristics at an inoculum age of 72 h and inoculum size of 20% (w/v) produced high GOD activities of around 6012 U/L in 25% (dw/v) BS media. Further, the effect of ultrasonication time was determined to release BS-bound GOD in order to maximize enzymes recovery. Using 1000 U/L of the BS-based GOD for 0.55 M glucose oxidation produced the maximum H2O2 concentration of 216 ppm. The produced H2O2 was utilized for bio-Fenton based advanced oxidation process for the partial removal of 15 pharmaceutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Shobana Ravi
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roland Leduc
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Blunt W, Gaugler M, Collet C, Sparling R, Gapes DJ, Levin DB, Cicek N. Rheological Behavior of High Cell Density Pseudomonas putida LS46 Cultures during Production of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Polymers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E93. [PMID: 31600906 PMCID: PMC6956342 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheology of high-cell density (HCD) cultures is an important parameter for its impact on mixing and sparging, process scale-up, and downstream unit operations in bioprocess development. In this work, time-dependent rheological properties of HCD Pseudomonas putida LS46 cultures were monitored for microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. As the cell density of the fed-batch cultivation increased (0 to 25 g·L-1 cell dry mass, CDM), the apparent viscosity increased nearly nine-fold throughout the fed-batch process. The medium behaved as a nearly Newtonian fluid at lower cell densities, and became increasingly shear-thinning as the cell density increased. However, shear-thickening behavior was observed at shearing rates of approximately 75 rad·s-1 or higher, and its onset increased with viscosity of the sample. The supernatant, which contained up to 9 g·L-1 soluble organic material, contributed more to the observed viscosity effect than did the presence of cells. Owing to this behavior, the oxygen transfer performance of the bioreactor, for otherwise constant operating conditions, was reduced by 50% over the cultivation time. This study has shown that the dynamic rheology of HCD cultures is an important engineering parameter that may impact the final outcome in PHA cultivations. Understanding and anticipating this behavior and its biochemical origins could be important for improving overall productivity, yield, process scalability, and the efficacy of downstream processing unit operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Blunt
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.
| | - Marc Gaugler
- Scion Research, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand.
| | - Christophe Collet
- Scion Research, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand.
| | - Richard Sparling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Daniel J Gapes
- Scion Research, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand.
| | - David B Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.
| | - Nazim Cicek
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.
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Osadolor OA, Jabbari M, Nair RB, Lennartsson PR, Taherzadeh MJ. Effect of media rheology and bioreactor hydrodynamics on filamentous fungi fermentation of lignocellulosic and starch-based substrates under pseudoplastic flow conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:250-257. [PMID: 29751232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study how media rheology and bioreactor hydrodynamics would influence fermentation of lignocellulosic and starch-based substrates under pseudoplastic flow conditions. This was investigated using hydrolyzed wheat straw, wheat-based thin stillage and filamentous fungi as inoculum in bubble column, airlift and horizontal hybrid tubular/bubble column (textile bioreactor) bioreactors. The rheological models showed that the consistency index was dependent on biomass growth (R2 0.99) while the flow behavior index depended on biomass growth and suspended solid (R2 0.99). Oxygen transfer rate above 0.356 mmol-O2/L/h was needed for growing fungi with a cube-root growth rate constant of 0.03 g1/3/L1/3/h. At 1.4 VVM aeration the textile bioreactor performed better than others with minimal foaming, yields of 0.22 ± 0.01 g/g and 0.47 ± 0.01 g/g for ethanol and biomass, substrate consumption rate of 0.38 g/L/h. Operating the bioreactors with air-flowrate to cross-sectional area ratio of 8.75 × 10-3 (m3/s/m2) or more led to sustained foaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osagie A Osadolor
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Mostafa Jabbari
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik R Lennartsson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden
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Libardi N, Soccol CR, Góes-Neto A, Oliveira JD, Vandenberghe LPDS. Domestic wastewater as substrate for cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Diánez Martínez F, Santos M, Carretero F, Marín F. Trichoderma saturnisporum, a new biological control agent. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1934-1944. [PMID: 26059112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocontrol agents (BCAs) could be a viable alternative to chemicals in the management of fungal crop diseases. Screening for potential biocontrol and plant growth promoter isolates from a soil in Cádiz (Spain) was conducted. Several isolates showed antagonism in in vitro tests to several plant pathogens. RESULTS Two isolates of Trichoderma saturnisporum (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales) were identified by sequencing of the rDNA region. One isolate was selected for further in vivo plant growth promotion and biological control assays. Results indicate that substrate application of T. saturnisporum improved plant quality and showed biological control activity against Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora parasitica (Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae). CONCLUSION There are a few references to T. saturnisporum isolated from different media but not its ability to promote plant growth or biocontrol. This is the first report of T. saturnisporum as a seedling growth promoter and as biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Diánez Martínez
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Mila Santos
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco Carretero
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco Marín
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Zhang D, Luo J, Lee ZMP, Gersberg RM, Liu Y, Tan SK, Ng WJ. Ibuprofen removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: treatment performance and fungal community dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:1467-1479. [PMID: 26581707 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment performance of ibuprofen (IBP)-enriched wastewater by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with cattail (Typha angustifolia) and unplanted control mesocosms was investigated. Removal efficiencies of IBP were significantly (p < .05) enhanced in the planted mesocosms (78.5%) compared to those in the unplanted beds (57.9%). An 18S rRNA gene high-throughput pyrosequencing approach was used to investigate the effects of IBP on the structure of the fungal community in these wetland systems. The overall diversity of the fungal community was reduced under the IBP exposure. Taxonomic analysis revealed that 62.2% of the fungal sequences were affiliated with Basidiomycota, followed by Ascomycota (37.4%) at the phylum level. Uncultured fungus (48.2%), Chaetomium sp. (14.2%), Aspergillus sp. (12.4%), Trichoderma sp. (5.7%), Cladosporium sp. (5.4%), and Emericellopsis sp. (5.2%) were identified as dominant genera. At the genus level, a distinct profile of the fungal community in the IBP-enriched mesocosms was observed as compared to the control beds, and as well specific fungal genera were enhanced in the planted beds, regardless of IBP enrichment. However, despite these differences, the composition of the fungal community (as measured by Bray-Curtis similarity) was mostly unaffected by the significant IBP enrichment. On the other hand, a consistent similarity pattern of fungal community structure in the planted mesocosms suggests that the presence of higher macrophytes in the wetland systems may well help shape the fungal community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- a Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jinxue Luo
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zarraz May Ping Lee
- a Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- c Graduate School of Public Health , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yu Liu
- a Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- a Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- a Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
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Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Verma M, Tyagi RD. Enhanced solid-state citric acid bio-production using apple pomace waste through surface response methodology. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1045-55. [PMID: 21294819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the potential of apple pomace (AP) supplemented with rice husk for hyper citric acid production through solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger NRRL-567. Optimization of two key parameters, such as moisture content and inducer (ethanol and methanol) concentration was carried out by response surface methodology. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the effect of two crucial process parameters for solid-state citric acid fermentation by A. niger using AP waste supplemented with rice husk were thoroughly investigated in Erlenmeyer flasks through response surface methodology. Moisture and methanol had significant positive effect on citric acid production by A. niger grown on AP (P < 0·05). Higher values of citric acid on AP by A. niger (342·41gkg(-1) and 248·42gkg(-1) dry substrate) were obtained with 75% (v/w) moisture along with two inducers [3% (v/w) methanol and 3% (v/w) ethanol] with fermentation efficiency of 93·90% and 66·42%, respectively depending upon the total carbon utilized after 144h of incubation period. With the same optimized parameters, conventional tray fermentation was conducted. The citric acid concentration of 187·96gkg(-1) dry substrate with 3% (v/w) ethanol and 303·34gkg(-1) dry substrate with 3% (v/w) methanol were achieved representing fermentation efficiency of 50·80% and 82·89% in tray fermentation depending upon carbon utilization after 120h of incubation period. CONCLUSIONS Apple pomace proved to be the promising substrate for the hyper production of citric acid through solid-state tray fermentation, which is an economical technique and does not require any sophisticated instrumentation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study established that the utilization of agro-industrial wastes have positive repercussions on the economy and will help to meet the increasing demands of citric acid and moreover will help to alleviate the environmental problems resulting from the disposal of agro-industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Dhillon
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement inc. (IRDA), Québec City, QC, Canada
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Physico-chemical pre-treatment and biotransformation of wastewater and wastewater sludge--fate of bisphenol A. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:923-41. [PMID: 20083294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting compound largely used in plastic and paper industry, ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of BPA in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the endocrine activity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Many treatment technologies, including various pre-treatment methods, such as hydrolysis, Fenton oxidation, peroxidation, ultrasonication and ozonation have been developed in order to degrade BPA in WW and WWS and for the production of WWS based value-added products (VAPs). WWS based VAPs, such as biopesticides, bioherbicides, biofertilizers, bioplastics and enzymes are low cost biological alternatives that can compete with chemicals or other cost intensive biological products in the current markets. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds which has been discussed with a perspective of simultaneous degradation. The pre-treatment produces an impact on rheology as well as value-addition which has been reviewed in this paper. Various analytical techniques available for the detection of BPA in WW and WWS are also discussed. Presence of heavy metals and possible thermodynamical behavior of the compound in WW and WWS can have major impact on BPA removal, which is also included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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Barnabé S, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Beauchesne I, Surampalli RY. Pre-treatment and bioconversion of wastewater sludge to value-added products--fate of endocrine disrupting compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:1471-88. [PMID: 19110297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of processes for the production of value added products (VAPs), such as biopesticides, microbial inoculants or industrial enzymes through biotransformation of raw or pre-treated wastewater sludge (WWS) has undergone a substantial progress over the last decade. WWS based VAPs are low cost biological alternatives that can compete with chemicals or other cost intensive biological products in the current markets. However, when WWS is used as a raw material for VAPs production, questions still remains on the persistence of organic pollutants within the biotransformed WWS, especially, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and the production of their toxic intermediates. WWS pre-treatment prior to biotransformation as well as the microbial strains used for biotransformation can possibly remove these organic pollutants. The literature findings concerning the impact of WWS pre-treatment and value added products on EDCs removal are reviewed in this paper. The microbial potential to degrade or detoxify EDCs and toxic intermediates concomitant with value-addition is also discussed. The concept of obtaining EDCs free-WWS based VAPs and simultaneously achieving the objective of pollution control is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnabé
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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