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Zhang Q, Li N, Hou Y, Fan M, Zhang Y, Dang F. Co-immobilization of crosslinked enzyme aggregates on lysozyme functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for enhancing stability and activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133180. [PMID: 38880453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Surface chemistry of carriers plays a key role in enzyme loading capacity, structure rigidity, and thus catalyze activity of immobilized enzymes. In this work, the two model enzymes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) are co-immobilized on the lysozyme functionalized magnetic core-shell nanocomposites (LYZ@MCSNCs) to enhance their stability and activity. Briefly, the HRP and GOx aggregates are firstly formed under the crosslinker of trimesic acid, in which the loading amount and the rigidity of the enzyme can be further increased. Additionally, LYZ easily forms a robust anti-biofouling nanofilm on the surface of SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with abundant functional groups, which facilitate chemical crosslinking of HRP and GOx aggregates with minimized inactivation. The immobilized enzyme of HRP-GOx@LYZ@MCSNCs exhibited excellent recovery activity (95.6 %) higher than that of the free enzyme (HRP&GOx). Specifically, 85 % of relative activity was retained after seven cycles, while 73.5 % of initial activity was also remained after storage for 33 days at 4 °C. The thermal stability and pH adaptability of HRP-GOx@LYZ@MCSNCs were better than those of free enzyme of HRP&GOx. This study provides a mild and ecofriendly strategy for multienzyme co-immobilization based on LYZ functionalized magnetic nanoparticles using HRP and GOx as model enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yawen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Miao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fuquan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China.
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2
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Yip YS, Jaafar NR, Rahman RA, Puspaningsih NNT, Jailani N, Illias RM. Improvement of combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and maltogenic amylase by functionalization of cross-linker for maltooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133241. [PMID: 38897508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and maltogenic amylase (Mag1) from Bacillus lehensis G1 (Combi-CLEAs-CM) were successfully developed to synthesis maltooligosaccharides (MOS). Yet, the poor cross-linking performance between chitosan (cross-linker) and enzymes resulting low activity recovery and catalytic efficiency. In this study, we proposed the functionalization of cross-linkers with the integration of computational analysis to study the influences of different functional group on cross-linkers in combi-CLEAs development. From in-silico analysis, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) with the highest binding affinity toward both enzymes was chosen and showed alignment with the experimental result, in which OCMCS was synthesized as cross-linker to develop improved activity recovery of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs (74 %). The thermal stability and deactivation energy (205.86 kJ/mol) of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs were found to be higher than Combi-CLEAs-CM (192.59 kJ/mol). The introduction of longer side chain of carboxymethyl group led to a more flexible structure of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs. This alteration significantly reduced the Km value of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs by about 3.64-fold and resulted in a greater Kcat/Km (3.63-fold higher) as compared to Combi-CLEAs-CM. Moreover, Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs improved the reusability with retained >50 % of activity while Combi-CLEAs-CM only 36.18 % after five cycles. Finally, maximum MOS production (777.46 mg/g) was obtained by Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs after optimization using response surface methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Seng Yip
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
- Laboratory of Proteomics, University-CoE Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C-UNAIR, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashriq Jailani
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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3
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Tikhonov BB, Lisichkin DR, Sulman AM, Sidorov AI, Bykov AV, Lugovoy YV, Karpenkov AY, Bronstein LM, Matveeva VG. Magnetic Nanoparticle Support with an Ultra-Thin Chitosan Layer Preserves the Catalytic Activity of the Immobilized Glucose Oxidase. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:700. [PMID: 38668193 PMCID: PMC11054521 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Here, we developed magnetically recoverable biocatalysts based on magnetite nanoparticles coated with an ultra-thin layer (about 0.9 nm) of chitosan (CS) ionically cross-linked by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Excessive CS amounts were removed by multiple washings combined with magnetic separation. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the magnetic support via the interaction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of carbodiimide (EDC) leading to a covalent amide bond. These steps result in the formation of the biocatalyst for D-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid to be used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals due to the benign character of the biocatalyst components. To choose the catalyst with the best catalytic performance, the amounts of CS, TPP, NHS, EDC, and GOx were varied. The optimal biocatalyst allowed for 100% relative catalytic activity. The immobilization of GOx and the magnetic character of the support prevents GOx and biocatalyst loss and allows for repeated use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B. Tikhonov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Daniil R. Lisichkin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexander I. Sidorov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexey V. Bykov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Yury V. Lugovoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexey Y. Karpenkov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia;
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
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4
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Tajwar MA, Qi L. Dual Stimulus-Responsive Enzyme@Metal-Organic Framework-Polymer Composites toward Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Visual Detection of Glucose. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:325-331. [PMID: 38096574 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on a metal-organic framework (enzyme@MOF) has been proven to be a promising strategy for boosting catalysis and biosensing applications. However, promoting the catalytic performance of polymer-modified enzyme@MOF composites remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, a protocol for enzyme immobilization was designed by using a smart polymer-modified MOF (UiO-66-NH2, UN) as the support. Through in situ polymerization, the dual stimulus-responsive poly(N-2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDM) was prepared. The PDM as a "soft cage" protected the immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the surface of the rigid UN. The confinement effect was generated by varying the temperature and pH, thereby improving the catalytic activity of the GOx-HRP@UN-PDM composites. In comparison with free enzymes, the fabricated composites exhibited an 8.9-fold enhancement in catalytic performance (Vmax) at pH 5.0 and 49 °C. Furthermore, relying on a cascade reaction generated in the composites, an assay was developed for the visual detection of glucose in rat serum. This study introduces a groundbreaking approach for the construction of smart enzyme@MOF-polymer composites with high catalytic activity for sensitive monitoring of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Tajwar
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Yip YS, Manas NHA, Jaafar NR, Rahman RA, Puspaningsih NNT, Illias RM. Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and maltogenic amylase from Bacillus lehensis G1 for maltooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124675. [PMID: 37127056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) are functional oligosaccharides that can be synthesized through enzymatic cascade reaction between cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and maltogenic amylase (Mag1) from Bacillus lehensis G1. To address the problems of low operational stability and non-reusability of free enzymes, both enzymes were co-immobilized as combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (Combi-CLEAs-CM) with incorporation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Tween 80 (Combi-CLEAs-CM-add). Combi-CLEAs-CM and Combi-CLEAs-CM-add showed activity recoveries of 54.12 % and 69.44 %, respectively after optimization. Combi-CLEAs-CM-add showed higher thermal stability at higher temperatures (40 °C) with longer half-life (46.20 min) as compared to those of free enzymes (36.67 min) and Combi-CLEAs-CM (41.51 min). Both combi-CLEAs also exhibited higher pH stability over pH 5 to pH 9, and displayed excellent reusability with >50 % of initial activity retained after four cycles. The reduction in Km value of about 22.80 % and 1.76-fold increase in starch hydrolysis in comparison to Combi-CLEAs-CM attested the improvement of enzyme-substrate interaction by Tween 80 and pores formation by BSA in Combi-CLEAs-CM-add. The improved product specificity of Combi-CLEAs-CM-add also produced the highest yield of MOS (492 mg/g) after 3 h. Therefore, Combi-CLEAs-CM-add with ease of preparation, excellent reusability and high operational stability is believed to be highly efficacious biocatalyst for MOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Seng Yip
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
- Laboratory of Proteomics, University-CoE Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C-UNAIR, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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6
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Liu X, Zhang Q, Li M, Qin S, Zhao Z, Lin B, Ding Y, Xiang Y, Li C. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOX) based dual-enzyme system: Sustainable release of H 2O 2 and its effect on the desirable ping pong bibi degradation mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115979. [PMID: 37119847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an adaptable HRP/GOX-Glu system was established due to the trait, efficient degradation of pollutants in the catalytic process of HRP named the ping-pong bibi mechanism and a sustained release of H2O2 in-situ under the catalysis of glucose oxidase (GOX). Compared with the traditional HRP/H2O2 system, the HRP was more stable in the HRP/GOX-Glu system based on the feature of persistent releasing H2O2 in-situ. Simultaneously, the high valent iron was found out to give a greater contribution to Alizarin Green (AG) removal through ping-pong mechanism, whereas the hydroxyl radical and superoxide free radical generated by Bio-Fenton were also the main active substances for AG degradation. Furthermore, on the basis of effect evaluation of the co-existence of two different degradation mechanisms in the HRP/GOX-Glu system, the degradation pathways of AG were proposed. Moreover, the optimum reaction conditions preferentially triggering ping-pong bibi mechanism instead of Bio-Fenton were determined by single factor analysis and degradation mechanism elaboration. This study would provide a reference for how to give full play to the advantages of ping-pong bibi mechanism in the dual-enzyme system based on HRP to degrade pollutants with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Song Qin
- School of Art and Design, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Lin
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yutong Xiang
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Hunan Land and Resources Exploration Institute, Changsha, 410001, China
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7
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Vaidyanathan VK, Kumar PS, Singh I, Singh I, Rangasamy G, Saratale RG, Saratale GD. Removal of pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene from lignocellulosic biorefinery wastewater by a biocatalytic/biosurfactant system comprising cross-linked laccase aggregates and rhamnolipid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121635. [PMID: 37085105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of highly active cross-linked laccase aggregates (CLLAs) were performed and evaluated for removal of pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene from lignocellulosic biorefinery wastewater. Laccase from Tramates versicolor MTCC 138 was insolubilized as CLLAs via precipitation with 70% ammonium sulphate and simultaneous cross-linking with 5 mM glutaraldehyde to obtain activity recovery of 89.1%. Compared to the free laccase, the pH and thermal stability of the prepared CLLAs were significantly higher. At a high temperature of 60 °C, free laccase had a half-life of 0.25 h, while CLLAs had a half-life of 6.2 h. In biorefinery wastewater (pH 7.0), the free and CLLAs were stored for 3 day at a temperature of 30 °C. Free laccase completely lost their initial activity after 60 h; however, the CLLAs retained 39% activity till 72 h. Due to its excellent stability, free laccase and CLLAs were assessed for removing pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene in wastewater. CLLAs could remove 51-58% of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and phenanthrene (PHE) in 24 h. Biosurfactants, including surfactin, sophorolipid, and rhamnolipid, were assessed for their aptitude to improve the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater. Biorefinery wastewater incubated with all surfactants enhanced PCP and PHE removal compared to the no-surfactant controls. Further, 1 μM rhamnolipid significantly amplified pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene removal to 81-93% for free laccase and CLLAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Isita Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ishani Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lee MJ, Song JA, Choi JH, Shin JH, Myeong JW, Lee KP, Kim T, Park KE, Oh BK. Horseradish Peroxidase-Encapsulated Fluorescent Bio-Nanoparticle for Ultra-Sensitive and Easy Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:289. [PMID: 36832055 PMCID: PMC9953809 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been a fascinating target in various chemical, biological, clinical, and industrial fields. Several types of fluorescent protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters (protein-AuNCs) have been developed for sensitive and easy detection of H2O2. However, its low sensitivity makes is difficult to measure negligible concentrations of H2O2. Therefore, to overcome this limitation, we developed a horseradish peroxidase-encapsulated fluorescent bio-nanoparticle (HEFBNP), comprising bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs) and horseradish peroxidase-stabilized gold nanoclusters (HRP-AuNCs). The fabricated HEFBNP can sensitively detect H2O2 owing to its two properties. The first is that HEFBNPs have a continuous two-step fluorescence quenching mechanism, which comes from the heterogenous fluorescence quenching mechanism of HRP-AuNCs and BSA-AuNCs. Second, the proximity of two protein-AuNCs in a single HEFBNP allows a reaction intermediate (•OH) to rapidly reach the adjacent protein-AuNCs. As a result, HEFBNP can improve the overall reaction event and decrease the loss of intermediate in the solution. Due to the continuous quenching mechanism and effective reaction event, a HEFBNP-based sensing system can measure very low concentrations of H2O2 up to 0.5 nM and show good selectivity. Furthermore, we design a glass-based microfluidic device to make it easier use HEFBNP, which allowed us to detect H2O2 with the naked eye. Overall, the proposed H2O2 sensing system is expected to be an easy and highly sensitive on-site detection tool in chemistry, biology, clinics, and industry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeop Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woon Myeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ppeum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Eob Park
- UNIANCE Inc., Seongnam-si 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Keun Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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9
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Rajendran DS, Venkataraman S, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G, Bhattacharya T, Nguyen Vo DV, Vaithyanathan VK, Cabana H, Kumar VV. Coimmobilized enzymes as versatile biocatalytic tools for biomass valorization and remediation of environmental contaminants - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114012. [PMID: 35952747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to stringent regulatory norms, waste processing faces confrontations and challenges in adapting technology for effective management through a convenient and economical system. At the global level, attempts are underway to achieve a green and sustainable treatment for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as well as organic contaminants in wastewater. Enzymatic treatment in the environmental aspect thrived on being the promising rapid strategy that appeased the aforementioned predicament. On that account, coimmobilization of various enzymes on single support enhances the catalytic activity ensuing operational stability with industrial applications. This review pivoted towards the coimmobilization of enzymes on diverse supports and their applications in biomass conversion to industrial value-added products and removal of contaminants in wastewater. The limelight of this study chronicles the unique breakthroughs in biotechnology for the production of reusable biocatalysts, which inculcating various enzymes towards the scope of environment application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam- 603 110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam- 603 110, Chennai, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Trishita Bhattacharya
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India
| | - Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan
- University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India; University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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10
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Mohammadi SA, Najafi H, Zolgharnian S, Sharifian S, Asasian-Kolur N. Biological oxidation methods for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157026. [PMID: 35772531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-based bioremediation is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for isolating and removing a wide range of environmental pollutants. This study is a comprehensive review of recent studies on the oxidation of pollutants by biological oxidation methods, performed individually or in combination with other methods. The main bio-oxidants capable of removing all types of pollutants, such as organic and inorganic molecules, from fungi, bacteria, algae, and plants, and different types of enzymes, as well as the removal mechanisms, were investigated. The use of mediators and modification methods to improve the performance of microorganisms and their resistance under harsh real wastewater conditions was discussed, and numerous case studies were presented and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional and novel immobilization methods, and the development of enzyme engineering to adjust the content and properties of the desired enzymes, were also explained. The optimal operating parameters such as temperature and pH, which usually lead to the best performance, were presented. A detailed overview of the different combination processes was also given, including bio-oxidation in coincident or consecutive combination with adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and membrane separation. One of the most important issues that this study has addressed is the removal of both organic and inorganic contaminants, taking into account the actual wastewaters and the economic aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amin Mohammadi
- Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Fouman 43581-39115, Iran
| | - Hanieh Najafi
- Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Fouman 43581-39115, Iran
| | - Sheida Zolgharnian
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Seyedmehdi Sharifian
- Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Fouman 43581-39115, Iran
| | - Neda Asasian-Kolur
- Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Fouman 43581-39115, Iran.
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11
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Jankowska K, Sigurdardóttir SB, Zdarta J, Pinelo M. Co-immobilization and compartmentalization of cholesterol oxidase, glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase for improved thermal and H2O2 stability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Immobilization of a Bienzymatic System via Crosslinking to a Metal‐Organic Framework. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A leading biotechnological advancement in the field of biocatalysis is the immobilization of enzymes on solid supports to create more stable and recyclable systems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials that have been explored as solid supports for enzyme immobilization. Composed of organic linkers and inorganic nodes, MOFs feature empty void space with large surface areas and have the ability to be modified post-synthesis. Our target enzyme system for immobilization is glucose oxidase (GOx) and chloroperoxidase (CPO). Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose and is used for many applications in biosensing, biofuel cells, and food production. Chloroperoxidase is a fungal heme enzyme that catalyzes peroxide-dependent halogenation, oxidation, and hydroxylation. These two enzymes work sequentially in this enzyme system by GOx producing peroxide, which activates CPO that reacts with a suitable substrate. This study focuses on using a zirconium-based MOF, UiO-66-NH2, to immobilize the enzyme system via crosslinking with the MOF’s amine group on the surface of the MOF. This study investigates two different crosslinkers: disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinidimide (NHS), providing stable crosslinking of the MOF to the enzymes. The two crosslinkers are used to covalently bond CPO and GOx onto UiO-66-NH2, and a comparison of the recyclability and enzymatic activity of the single immobilization of CPO and the doubly immobilized CPO and GOx is discussed through assays and characterization analyses. The DSG-crosslinked composites displayed enhanced activity relative to the free enzyme, and all crosslinked enzyme/MOF composites demonstrated recyclability, with at least 30% of the activity being retained after four catalytic cycles. The results of this report will aid researchers in utilizing CPO as a biocatalyst that is more active and has greater recyclability.
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13
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Jones AC, Felton GW, Tumlinson JH. The dual function of elicitors and effectors from insects: reviewing the 'arms race' against plant defenses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:427-445. [PMID: 34618284 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview, analysis, and reflection on insect elicitors and effectors (particularly from oral secretions) in the context of the 'arms race' with host plants. Following injury by an insect herbivore, plants rapidly activate induced defenses that may directly or indirectly affect the insect. Such defense pathways are influenced by a multitude of factors; however, cues from the insect's oral secretions are perhaps the most well studied mediators of such plant responses. The relationship between plants and their insect herbivores is often termed an 'evolutionary arms race' of strategies for each organism to either overcome defenses or to avoid attack. However, these compounds that can elicit a plant defense response that is detrimental to the insect may also benefit the physiology or metabolism of an insect species. Indeed, several insect elicitors of plant defenses (such as the fatty acid-amino acid conjugate, volicitin) are known to enhance an insect's ability to obtain nutritionally important compounds from plant tissue. Here we re-examine the well-known elicitors and effectors from chewing insects to demonstrate not only our incomplete understanding of the specific biochemical and molecular cascades involved in these interactions but also to consider the role of these compounds for the insect species itself. Finally, this overview discusses opportunities for research in the field of plant-insect interactions by utilizing tools such as genomics and proteomics to integrate the future study of these interactions through ecological, physiological, and evolutionary disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Jones
- Biological Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic State and University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Gary W Felton
- Entomology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - James H Tumlinson
- Entomology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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14
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Enzyme Encapsulation by Facile Self-Assembly Silica-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Glucose Monitoring in Urine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061154. [PMID: 35745727 PMCID: PMC9227432 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles hold tremendous potential for the encapsulation of enzymes. However, aqueous alcohol solutions and catalysts are prerequisites for the production of silica nanoparticles, which are too harsh for maintaining the enzyme activity. Herein, a procedure without any organic solvents and catalysts (acidic or alkaline) is developed for the synthesis of silica-encapsulated glucose-oxidase-coated magnetic nanoparticles by a facile self-assembly route, avoiding damage of the enzyme structure in the reaction system. The encapsulated enzyme was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Finally, a colorimetric sensing method was developed for the detection of glucose in urine samples based on the encapsulated glucose oxidase and a hydrogen peroxide test strip. The method exhibited a good linear performance in the concentration range of 20~160 μg mL−1 and good recoveries ranging from 94.3 to 118.0%. This work proves that the self-assembly method could be employed to encapsulate glucose oxidase into silica-coated magnetic particles. The developed colorimetric sensing method shows high sensitivity, which will provide a promising tool for the detection of glucose and the monitoring of diabetes.
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15
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Grebennikova OV, Sulman AM, Sidorov AI, Sulman MG, Molchanov VP, Tikhonov BB, Matveeva VG. Magnetically separable biocatalysts based on glucose oxidase for d-glucose oxidation. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Chen N, Chang B, Shi N, Yan W, Lu F, Liu F. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates immobilization: preparation, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:369-383. [PMID: 35430938 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are commonly used as biocatalysts for various biological and chemical processes. However, some major drawbacks of free enzymes (e.g. poor reusability and instability) significantly restrict their industrial practices. How to overcome these weaknesses remain considerable challenges. Enzyme immobilization is one of the most effective ways to improve the reusability and stability of enzymes. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) has been known as a novel and versatile carrier-free immobilization method. CLEAs is attractive due to its simplicity and robustness, without purification. It generally shows: high catalytic specificity and selectivity, good operational and storage stabilities, and good reusability. Moreover, co-immobilization of different kinds of enzymes can be acquired. These CLEAs advantages provide opportunities for further industrial applications. Herein, the preparation parameters of CLEAs were first summarized. Next, characterization of structural and catalytic properties, stability and reusability are also proposed. Finally, some important applications of this technique in: environmental protection, industrial chemistry, food industry, and pharmaceutical synthesis and delivery are introduced. Potential challenges and future research directions, such as improving cross-linking efficiency and internal mass transfer efficiency, are also presented. This implies that CLEAs provide an efficient and feasible technique to improve the properties of enzymes for use in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Baogen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Nian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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17
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High-performance cascade nanoreactor based on halloysite nanotubes-integrated enzyme-nanozyme microsystem. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Tasar OC. Glucose oxidase production using a medicinal plant:
Inula viscosa
and optimization with Taguchi
DOE. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Canli Tasar
- High Technology Application and Research Centre Erzurum Technical University Erzurum Turkey
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19
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Coşkuner Filiz B, Basaran Elalmis Y, Bektaş İS, Kantürk Figen A. Fabrication of stable electrospun blended chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers for designing naked-eye colorimetric glucose biosensor based on GOx/HRP. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:999-1012. [PMID: 34655587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, designing of a stable electrospun blended chitosan (CS)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers for colorimetric glucose biosensing in an aqueous medium was investigated. CS and PVA solutions were blended to acquire an optimum content (CS/PVA:1/4) and electrospunned to obtain uniform and bead-free CS/PVA nanofiber structures following the optimization of the electrospinning parameters (33 kV, 20 cm, and 1.2 ml.h-1). Crosslinking process applied subsequently provided mechanically and chemically stable nanofibers with an average diameter of 378 nm. The morphological homogeneity, high fluid absorption ability (>%50), thermal (<230 °C) and morphological stability, surface hydrophilicity and degrability properties of cross-linked CS/PVA nanofiber demonstrated their great potential to be developed as an eye-readable strip for biosensing applications. The glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized by physical adsorption on the cross-linked CS/PVA nanofiber. The glucose assay analysis by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry using the same enzymatic system of the proposed glucose strips in form of absorbance versus concentration plot was found to be linear over a glucose concentration range of 2.7 to 13.8 mM. The prepared naked eye colorimetric glucose detection strips, with lower detection limit of 2.7 mM, demonstrated dramatic color change from white (0 mM) to brownish-orange (13.8 mM). The developed cross-linked CS/PVA nanofiber strips, prepared by electrospinnig procedure, could be easily adapted to a color map, as an alternative material for glucose sensing. Design of a practical, low-cost, and environmental-friendly bio-based CS/PVA testing strips for eye readable detection were presented and suggested as an applicable medium for a wide range of glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Coşkuner Filiz
- Yıldız Technical University, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department, İstanbul 34210, Turkey.
| | | | - İrem Serra Bektaş
- Yıldız Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, İstanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kantürk Figen
- Yıldız Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, İstanbul 34210, Turkey
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20
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Immobilization of Sporothrix schenckii 1099-18 exo-polygalacturonase in magnetic mesoporous silica yolk-shell spheres: Highly reusable biocatalysts for apple juice clarification. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Liu M, Han P, Zhang L, Zhong C, You C. Biofilm-Mediated Immobilization of a Multienzyme Complex for Accelerating Inositol Production from Starch. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2032-2042. [PMID: 34469136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm, as a natural and renewable material, is a promising architecture for enzyme immobilization. In this study, we have demonstrated the feasibility of an Escherichia coli biofilm to immobilize a self-assembly multienzyme complex by the covalent interaction between a peptide SpyTag and its protein partner SpyCatcher. The SpyTag-labeled biofilm is displayed on the surface of E. coli by overexpressing the recombinant CsgA-SpyTag, in which CsgA is capable of forming biofilms. This SpyTag bearing biofilm is used to bind with SpyCatcher bearing synthetic mini-scaffoldin, which also contains a carbohydrate-binding module 3 (CBM3), and four different cohesins from different microorganisms. CBM3 was used to bind with cellulose, while the four different cohesins were used to recruit four dockerin-containing cascade enzymes, which were subsequently applied to convert starch to myo-inositol. Compared to the free enzyme mixture, the biofilm-immobilized enzyme complex exhibited a 4.28 times increase in initial reaction rate in producing myo-inositol from 10 g/L maltodextrin (a derivative of starch). Additionally, this biofilm-immobilized enzyme complex showed much higher recycle ability than the enzyme complex which was immobilized on a regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) system. In conclusion, the biofilm-mediated immobilization of the enzymatic biosystem provides a promising strategy to increase the reaction rate and enhance the stability of an in vitro enzymatic biosystem, exhibiting high potential to improve the efficiency of an in vitro biosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pingping Han
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun You
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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22
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Ríos de Anda I, Coutable-Pennarun A, Brasnett C, Whitelam S, Seddon A, Russo J, Anderson JLR, Royall CP. Decorated networks of native proteins: nanomaterials with tunable mesoscopic domain size. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6873-6883. [PMID: 34231559 PMCID: PMC8294043 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural and artificial proteins with designer properties and functionalities offer unparalleled opportunity for functional nanoarchitectures formed through self-assembly. However, to exploit this potential we need to design the system such that assembly results in desired architecture forms while avoiding denaturation and therefore retaining protein functionality. Here we address this challenge with a model system of fluorescent proteins. By manipulating self-assembly using techniques inspired by soft matter where interactions between the components are controlled to yield the desired structure, we have developed a methodology to assemble networks of proteins of one species which we can decorate with another, whose coverage we can tune. Consequently, the interfaces between domains of each component can also be tuned, with potential applications for example in energy - or electron - transfer. Our model system of eGFP and mCherry with tuneable interactions reveals control over domain sizes in the resulting networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioatzin Ríos de Anda
- H.H. Wills Physics LaboratoryTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TLUK
- School of Mathematics, University WalkBristolBS8 1TWUK
| | - Angélique Coutable-Pennarun
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
- School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | | | - Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA
| | - Annela Seddon
- H.H. Wills Physics LaboratoryTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TLUK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of BristolBristolBS8 1TLUK
| | - John Russo
- School of Mathematics, University WalkBristolBS8 1TWUK
- Dipartimento di Fisica and CNR-ISC, Sapienza-Università di RomaPiazzale A. Moro 200185 RomaItaly
| | - J. L. Ross Anderson
- School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University WalkBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - C. Patrick Royall
- H.H. Wills Physics LaboratoryTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TLUK
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL75005 ParisFrance
- School of Chemistry, University of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum InformationTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1FDUK
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23
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Mariconti M, Morel M, Baigl D, Rudiuk S. Enzymatically Active DNA-Protein Nanogels with Tunable Cross-Linking Density. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3431-3439. [PMID: 34260203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid DNA-protein nanogels represent potential protein vectors and enzymatic nanoreactors for modern biotechnology. Here, we describe a new, easy, and robust method for preparation of tunable DNA-protein nanogels with controllable size and density. For this purpose, polymerase chain reaction is used to prepare highly biotinylated DNA as a soft biopolymeric backbone, which can be efficiently cross-linked via streptavidin-biotin binding. This approach enables us to control both the density and size of the resulting nanogels not only by adjusting the amount of the cross-linking streptavidin but also by using different rates of DNA biotinylation. This gives DNA-streptavidin nanogels with the size ranging from 80 nm, for the most compact state, to up to 200 nm. Furthermore, using streptavidin-enzyme conjugates allows the straightforward one-pot incorporation of enzymes during the preparation of the nanogels. Monoenzymatic and multienzymatic nanogels have been obtained in this manner, and their catalytic activities have been characterized. All tested enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and β-galactosidase (βGal)), incorporated individually or in a coupled manner (glucose oxidase (GOx)-HRP cascade), were shown to remain functional. The activities of AP and βGal were unchanged while that of HRP was slightly improved inside the nanogels. We demonstrate that, for HRP, it is not the DNA-to-enzyme ratio but the physical density of the functionalized DNA nanogels that is responsible for the improvement of its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mariconti
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mathieu Morel
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France
| | - Damien Baigl
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sergii Rudiuk
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France
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24
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Hua X, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chen L, Zhou Z, Ouyang J, Deng K, Yang X, Huang H. De Novo Development of a Universal Biosensing Platform by Rapid Direct Native Protein Modification. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5291-5300. [PMID: 33734672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An innovative biosensing assay was developed for simplified, cost-effective, and sensitive detection. By rapid, direct treatment of target proteins with iron porphyrin (TPPFe) in situ, a carboxyl group of amino acid conjugates with an Fe atom of the TPPFe molecule, forming a stable protein complex. We have shown that this complex not only maintains the integrity and functions of original proteins but also acquires peroxidase activity that can turn TMB to a comparably visible signal like that in ELISA. This study is unique since such conversion is difficult to achieve with standard chemical modification or molecular biology methods. In addition, the proposed immunoassay is superior to traditional ELISA as it eliminates an expensive and complicated cross-linking process of an enzyme-labeled antibody. From a practical point of view, we extended this assay to rapid detection of clinically relevant proteins and glucose in blood samples. The results show that this simple immunoassay provides clinical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring in an easy-to-implement manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zaichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Junlin Ouyang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Keqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Haowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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25
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Moriyama J, Yoshimoto M. Efficient Entrapment of Carbonic Anhydrase in Alginate Hydrogels Using Liposomes for Continuous-Flow Catalytic Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6368-6378. [PMID: 33718727 PMCID: PMC7948239 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A versatile approach to entrap relatively small enzymes in hydrogels allows their diverse biotechnological applications. In the present work, bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) was efficiently entrapped in calcium alginate beads with the help of liposomes. A mixture of sodium alginate (3 wt %) and carbonic anhydrase-liposome conjugates (BCALs) was dripped into a Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH = 7.5) containing 0.4 M CaCl2 to induce the gelation and curing of the dispersed alginate-rich droplets. The entrapment efficiency of BCALs, which was defined as the amount of catalysts entrapped in alginate beads relative to that initially charged, was 98.7 ± 0.2% as determined through quantifying BCALs in the filtrate being separated from the beads. When free BCA was employed, on the other hand, a significantly lower entrapment efficiency of 27.2 ± 4.1% was obtained because free BCA could pass through alginate matrices. Because the volume of a cured alginate bead (10 μL) entrapped with BCALs was about 2.5 times smaller than that of an original droplet, BCALs were densely present in the beads to give the concentrations of lipids and BCA of 4.6-8.3 mM and 1.1-1.8 mg/mL, respectively. Alginate beads entrapped with BCALs were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of 1.0 mM p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NA) at pH = 7.5 using the wells of a microplate or 10 mL glass beakers as batch reactors. Furthermore, the beads were confined in a column for continuous-flow hydrolysis of 1.0 mM p-NA for 1 h at a mean residence time of 8.5 or 4.3 min. The results obtained demonstrate that the conjugation of BCA to liposomes gave an opportunity to achieve efficient and stable entrapment of BCA in alginate hydrogels for applying to catalytic reactions in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Moriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
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26
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Yoo S, Min K, Tae G, Han MS. A long-term stable paper-based glucose sensor using a glucose oxidase-loaded, Mn 2BPMP-conjugated nanocarrier with a smartphone readout. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4467-4474. [PMID: 33503078 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple paper-based analytical device (PAD) for the one-pot detection of glucose was developed herein using an artificial peroxidase-functionalized and glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded pluronic-based nanocarrier (PNC). Mn2BPMP (BPMP; 2,6-bis[(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)-methyl]-4-methylphenolate), an artificial peroxidase, was conjugated to PNC, allowing GOx to be loaded with a very high encapsulation efficiency. In solution, Mn2BPMP-PNC showed higher peroxidase-like catalytic efficiency than did Mn2BPMP at physiological pH. In addition, glucose detection via enzyme cascade reaction between GOx and Mn2BPMP in the GOx loaded-Mn2BPMP-PNC was more sensitive than the simple combination of Mn2BPMP and GOx with excellent selectivity. Subsequently, a PAD was fabricated using a laser printer with an assay substance containing GOx loaded-Mn2BPMP-PNC and peroxidase chromogenic substrate. The prepared Mn2BPMP-PNC-based PAD quantitatively measured glucose in human serum ranging from normal levels to those typical for diabetics as well as in buffer by obtaining RGB (red, green, and blue) color values through smartphone readout or the naked eye. Importantly, the present PNC-based PAD maintained the detection efficiency during storage at room temperature for 6 weeks in contrast to the rapid decrease in detection efficiency obtained for PAD containing Mn2BPMP and GOx without PNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Nature Inspired Multienzyme Immobilization: Strategies and Concepts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1077-1114. [PMID: 35014469 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a biological system, the spatiotemporal arrangement of enzymes in a dense cellular milieu, subcellular compartments, membrane-associated enzyme complexes on cell surfaces, scaffold-organized proteins, protein clusters, and modular enzymes have presented many paradigms for possible multienzyme immobilization designs that were adapted artificially. In metabolic channeling, the catalytic sites of participating enzymes are close enough to channelize the transient compound, creating a high local concentration of the metabolite and minimizing the interference of a competing pathway for the same precursor. Over the years, these phenomena had motivated researchers to make their immobilization approach naturally realistic by generating multienzyme fusion, cluster formation via affinity domain-ligand binding, cross-linking, conjugation on/in the biomolecular scaffold of the protein and nucleic acids, and self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. This review begins with the discussion of substrate channeling strategies and recent empirical efforts to build it synthetically. After that, an elaborate discussion covering prevalent concepts related to the enhancement of immobilized enzymes' catalytic performance is presented. Further, the central part of the review summarizes the progress in nature motivated multienzyme assembly over the past decade. In this section, special attention has been rendered by classifying the nature-inspired strategies into three main categories: (i) multienzyme/domain complex mimic (scaffold-free), (ii) immobilization on the biomolecular scaffold, and (iii) compartmentalization. In particular, a detailed overview is correlated to the natural counterpart with advances made in the field. We have then discussed the beneficial account of coassembly of multienzymes and provided a synopsis of the essential parameters in the rational coimmobilization design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi C Dubey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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28
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Khankari S, Badoei-Dalfard A, Karami Z. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates of Fibrinolytic Protease BC1 Immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles (CLEAs-Fib-mChi): Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2004-2027. [PMID: 33538961 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic proteases achieved more attention in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, so purification, characterization, and activity enhancement are of prime importance. In this study, a fibrinolytic serine metalloprotease was purified from the culture supernatant from Bacillus sp. BC1. It was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure with a 24-fold increase in specific activity and a 33.1% yield. It showed 28 kDa molecular weight, while its optimal pH and temperature were obtained 8 and 50-60 °C. The cross-link enzyme aggregates of this fibrinolytic BC1 successfully immobilized on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles. A 52% activity enhancement was obtained by immobilized enzyme at pH 6.0, compared to free protease. Km values of the free and immobilized proteases were obtained about 0.638 and 0.61 mg/ml, respectively. The free and immobilized enzymes did not show any activity concerning transferrin, γ-globulins, and hemoglobin, as blood plasma proteins. The in vitro blood clot lysis test of the free and immobilized proteases showed a maximum of 42 and 50% clot lysis, which was comparatively higher than that revealed by streptokinase and heparin at the same condition. These results indicated that the free and immobilized proteases have the potential to be effective fibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Khankari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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29
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Jia W, Li H, Wang Q, Zheng K, Lin H, Li X, Huang J, Xu L, Dong W, Shu Z. Screening of perhydrolases to optimize glucose oxidase-perhydrolase-in situ chemical oxidation cascade reaction system and its application in melanin decolorization. J Biotechnol 2021; 328:106-114. [PMID: 33485863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel glucose oxidase (GOD)-perhydrolase-in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) cascade reaction system was designed, optimized, and verified the operation feasibility in this research. Among the determined four perhydrolases, acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) displayed the highest specific activity for perhydrolysis reaction (76.4 U/mg) and the lowest Km value to hydrogen peroxide (13.9 mmol/L). GOD-MsAcT cascade reaction system also displayed high catalytic efficiency. Under the optimal parameters (50:1 activity unit ratio of GOD to MsAcT, pH 8.0, 50 mmol/L of β-d-glucose, and 15 mmol/L of glyceryl triacetate), the melanin decolorization rate using GOD-MsAcT-ISCO cascade reaction system reached 86.8 %. Kinetics of GOD-MsAcT-ISCO cascade reaction system for melanin decolorization fitted the kinetic model of Boltzmann sigmoid. As a substitutive skin whitening technology, GOD-MsAcT-ISCO cascade reaction system displayed an excellent application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jia
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Huan Li
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China; Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Hong Lin
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xin Li
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Linting Xu
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wanqian Dong
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhengyu Shu
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan Campus), Fuzhou, 350117, China; Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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30
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In situ H 2O 2 generation methods in the context of enzyme biocatalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 145:109744. [PMID: 33750536 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a versatile oxidant that has use in medical and biotechnology industries. Many enzymes require this oxidant as a reaction mediator in order to undergo their oxygenation chemistries. While there is a reliable method for generating hydrogen peroxide via an anthraquinone cycle, there are several advantages for generating hydrogen in situ. As highlighted in this review, this is particularly beneficial in the case of biocatalysts that require hydrogen peroxide as a reaction mediator because the exogenous addition of hydrogen peroxide can damage their reactive heme centers and render them inactive. In addition, generation of hydrogen peroxide in situ does not dilute the reaction mixture and cause solution parameters to change. The environment would also benefit from a hydrogen peroxide synthesis cycle that does not rely on nonrenewable chemicals obtained from fossil fuels. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in situ for biocatalysis using enzymes, bioelectrocatalyis, photocatalysis, and cold temperature plasmas are addressed. Particular emphasis is given to reaction processes that support high total turnover numbers (TTNs) of the hydrogen peroxide-requiring enzymes. Discussion of innovations in the use of hydrogen peroxide-producing enzyme cascades for antimicrobial activity, wastewater effluent treatment, and biosensors are also included.
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31
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Lau YJ, Karri RR, Mubarak NM, Lau SY, Chua HB, Khalid M, Jagadish P, Abdullah EC. Removal of dye using peroxidase-immobilized Buckypaper/polyvinyl alcohol membrane in a multi-stage filtration column via RSM and ANFIS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40121-40134. [PMID: 32656753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility and performance of Jicama peroxidase (JP) immobilized Buckypaper/polyvinyl alcohol (BP/PVA) membrane for methylene blue (MB) dye removal was investigated in a customized multi-stage filtration column under batch recycle mode. The effect of independent variables, such as influent flow rate, ratio of H2O2/MB dye concentration, and contact time on the dye removal efficiency, were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). To capture the inherent characteristics and better predict the removal efficiency, a data-driven adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is implemented. Results indicated that the optimum dye removal efficiency of 99.7% was achieved at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, 75:1 ratio of H2O2/dye concentration with contact time of 183 min. The model predictions of ANFIS are significantly good compared with RSM, thus resulting in R2 values of 0.9912 and 0.9775, respectively. The enzymatic kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, were evaluated, which are 1.98 mg/L and 0.0219 mg/L/min, respectively. Results showed that JP-immobilized BP/PVA nanocomposite membrane can be promising and cost-effective biotechnology for the practical application in the treatment of industrial dye effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Jun Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB), Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Sie Yon Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Han Bing Chua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Jagadish
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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32
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Su J, Chen H, Xu Z, Wang S, Liu X, Wang L, Huang X. Near-Infrared-Induced Contractile Proteinosome Microreactor with a Fast Control on Enzymatic Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41079-41087. [PMID: 32816446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the compartmentalized structure of cells, self-regulating responsive hollow microcapsules are highly desirable for the modulation of enzymatic reactions. Here, we report a strategy to fabricate gold nanorod embedded proteinosomes by covalently grafting gold nanorods onto the surface of proteinosomes. The excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of the embedded gold nanorod and the thermal phase transition of the grafted PNIPAAm allow the constructed hybrid proteinosomes to show reversible contraction behaviors triggered by near-infrared light with the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane decreased to ca. 50 kDa, and importantly, the contraction frequency of the constructed proteinosomes could be as fast as 1 min and last for at least 15 cycles. Subsequently, the effective encapsulation of three cascade enzymes into the proteinosomes realizes the construction of a near-infrared responsive microreactor that allows control of the cascade reaction by near-infrared illumination, thereby enabling reversible on and off of the enzymatic reaction. Such microcapsule-based reactors demonstrate the potential to alter the membrane molecular weight cutoff, and it is believed that the development of such responsive microcapsules will have great potential for studying cellular responses and provide a platform for future applications in biosensing and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Haixu Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Capecchi E, Piccinino D, Tomaino E, Bizzarri BM, Polli F, Antiochia R, Mazzei F, Saladino R. Lignin nanoparticles are renewable and functional platforms for the concanavalin a oriented immobilization of glucose oxidase-peroxidase in cascade bio-sensing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29031-29042. [PMID: 35520043 PMCID: PMC9055843 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) acted as a renewable and efficient platform for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOX) by a layer by layer procedure. The use of concanavalin A as a molecular spacer ensured the correct orientation and distance between the two enzymes as confirmed by Förster resonance energy transfer measurement. Layers with different chemo–physical properties tuned in a different way the activity and kinetic parameters of the enzymatic cascade, with cationic lignin performing as the best polyelectrolyte in the retention of the optimal Con A aggregation state. Electrochemical properties, temperature and pH stability, and reusability of the novel systems have been studied, as well as their capacity to perform as colorimetric biosensors in the detection of glucose using ABTS and dopamine as chromogenic substrates. A boosting effect of LNPs was observed during cyclovoltammetry analysis. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be better than, or comparable to, that previously reported for other HRP–GOX immobilized systems, the best results being again obtained in the presence of a cationic lignin polyelectrolyte. Thus renewable lignin platforms worked as smart and functional devices for the preparation of green biosensors in the detection of glucose. Lignin nanoparticles as functional renewable nanoplatform for the immobilization of cascade process in colorimetric biosensing of β-d-glucose.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Francesca Polli
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
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Hakala T, Bialas F, Toprakcioglu Z, Bräuer B, Baumann KN, Levin A, Bernardes GJL, Becker CFW, Knowles TPJ. Continuous Flow Reactors from Microfluidic Compartmentalization of Enzymes within Inorganic Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32951-32960. [PMID: 32589387 PMCID: PMC7383928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization and selective transport of molecular species are key aspects of chemical transformations inside the cell. In an artificial setting, the immobilization of a wide range of enzymes onto surfaces is commonly used for controlling their functionality but such approaches can restrict their efficacy and expose them to degrading environmental conditions, thus reducing their activity. Here, we employ an approach based on droplet microfluidics to generate enzyme-containing microparticles that feature an inorganic silica shell that forms a semipermeable barrier. We show that this porous shell permits selective diffusion of the substrate and product while protecting the enzymes from degradation by proteinases and maintaining their functionality over multiple reaction cycles. We illustrate the power of this approach by synthesizing microparticles that can be employed to detect glucose levels through simultaneous encapsulation of two distinct enzymes that form a controlled reaction cascade. These results demonstrate a robust, accessible, and modular approach for the formation of microparticles containing active but protected enzymes for molecular sensing applications and potential novel diagnostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli
A. Hakala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Friedrich Bialas
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Street 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Birgit Bräuer
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Street 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin N. Baumann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Aviad Levin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina
de Universidad de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Street 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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35
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Sriwaiyaphram K, Punthong P, Sucharitakul J, Wongnate T. Structure and function relationships of sugar oxidases and their potential use in biocatalysis. Enzymes 2020; 47:193-230. [PMID: 32951824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several sugar oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of sugars have been isolated and characterized. These enzymes can be classified as flavoenzyme due to the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. Sugar oxidases have been proposed to be the key biocatalyst in biotransformation of carbohydrates which can potentially convert sugars to provide a pool of intermediates for synthesis of rare sugars, fine chemicals and drugs. Moreover, sugar oxidases have been applied in biosensing of various biomolecules in food industries, diagnosis of diseases and environmental pollutant detection. This review provides the discussions on general properties, current mechanistic understanding, structural determination, biocatalytic application, and biosensor integration of representative sugar oxidase enzymes, namely pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O), glucose oxidase (GO), hexose oxidase (HO), and oligosaccharide oxidase. The information regarding the relationship between structure and function of these sugar oxidases points out the key properties of this particular group of enzymes that can be modified by engineering, which had resulted in a remarkable economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkan Sriwaiyaphram
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Pangrum Punthong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Jeerus Sucharitakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
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Haskell AK, Sulman AM, Golikova EP, Stein BD, Pink M, Morgan DG, Lakina NV, Karpenkov AY, Tkachenko OP, Sulman EM, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on Magnetic Zirconia: Controlling Catalytic Performance and Stability. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12329-12338. [PMID: 32548416 PMCID: PMC7271398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the structures and properties of biocatalysts based on glucose oxidase (GOx) macromolecules immobilized on the mesoporous zirconia surface with or without magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in zirconia pores. Properties of these biocatalysts were studied in oxidation of d-glucose to d-gluconic acid at a wide range of pH and temperatures. We demonstrate that the calcination temperature (300, 400, or 600 °C) of zirconia determines its structure, with crystalline materials obtained at 400 and 600 °C. This, in turn, influences the catalytic behavior of immobilized GOx, which was tentatively assigned to the preservation of GOx conformation on the crystalline support surface. IONPs significantly enhance the biocatalyst activity due to synergy with the enzyme. At the same time, neither support porosity nor acidity/basicity shows correlations with the properties of this biocatalyst. The highest relative activity of 98% (of native GOx) at a pH 6-7 and temperature of 40-45 °C was achieved for the biocatalyst based on ZrO2 calcined at 600 °C and containing IONPs. This process is green as it is characterized by a high atom economy due to the formation of a single product with high selectivity and conversion and minimization of waste due to magnetic separation of the catalyst from an aqueous solution. These and an exceptional stability of this catalyst in 10 consecutive reactions (7% relative activity loss) make it favorable for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Haskell
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United
States
| | - Aleksandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Street, Tver 170026, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P. Golikova
- Regional Technological
Center, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, Tver 170100, Russia
| | - Barry D. Stein
- Department
of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United
States
| | - David Gene Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United
States
| | - Natalya V. Lakina
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Street, Tver 170026, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Karpenkov
- Regional Technological
Center, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, Tver 170100, Russia
| | - Olga P. Tkachenko
- N. D. Zelinsky
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian
Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Esther M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Street, Tver 170026, Russia
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Street, Tver 170026, Russia
- Regional Technological
Center, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, Tver 170100, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United
States
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991 Russia
- Faculty of Science,
Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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37
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Nguyen LT, Ho WF, Yang KL. Copper-tripeptides (cuzymes) with peroxidase-mimetic activity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17408-17415. [PMID: 35515638 PMCID: PMC9053452 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02472d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases are enzymes that use hydrogen peroxide to oxidize substrates such as 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ATBS). In this study, we showed that copper-tripeptide complexes ("cuzymes") also exhibited peroxidase-like activities. Different cuzymes could be formed by using various tripeptide ligands, such as GGG, GGH or HGG. However, the peroxidase-like activity of cuzymes depends on the sequence of the tripeptide (Cu-GGG > Cu-HGG > Cu-GGH). When ABTS was used as the substrate, the activity of Cu-GGG was 326 ± 1.5 U mg-1 which was 2.5 times higher than that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Copper-tripeptide complexes were also used to degrade trypan blue dye. By using 0.2 mM Cu-GGG and 0.2% H2O2, 200 μM trypan blue could be degraded in 15 min at 50 °C. The degradation reaction followed second-order kinetics; the reaction rate was proportional to both H2O2 concentration and the copper-tripeptide concentration, but it was independent of the trypan blue concentration. Because copper-tripeptides catalyzed the oxidation reactions involving H2O2 effectively, they may have potential applications in biochemical assays and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Truc Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Wing Fat Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
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38
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Co-immobilization of an Enzyme System on a Metal-Organic Framework to Produce a More Effective Biocatalyst. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In many respects, enzymes offer advantages over traditional chemical processes due to their decreased energy requirements for function and inherent greener processing. However, significant barriers exist for the utilization of enzymes in industrial processes due to their limited stabilities and inability to operate over larger temperature and pH ranges. Immobilization of enzymes onto solid supports has gained attention as an alternative to traditional chemical processes due to enhanced enzymatic performance and stability. This study demonstrates the co-immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an enzyme system on Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2, that produces a more effective biocatalyst as shown by the oxidation of pyrogallol. The two MOFs utilized as solid supports for immobilization were chosen to investigate how modifications of the MOF linker affect stability at the enzyme/MOF interface and subsequent activity of the enzyme system. The enzymes work in concert with activation of HRP through the addition of glucose as a substrate for GOx. Enzyme immobilization and leaching studies showed HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 immobilized 6% more than HRP/GOx@UiO-66, and leached only 36% of the immobilized enzymes over three days in the solution. The enzyme/MOF composites also showed increased enzyme activity in comparison with the free enzyme system: the composite HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 displayed 189 U/mg activity and HRP/GOx@UiO-66 showed 143 U/mg while the free enzyme showed 100 U/mg enzyme activity. This increase in stability and activity is due to the amine group of the MOF linker in HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 enhancing electrostatic interactions at the enzyme/MOF interface, thereby producing the most stable biocatalyst material in solution. The HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 also showed long-term stability in the solid state for over a month at room temperature.
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Gupta MN, Perwez M, Sardar M. Protein crosslinking: Uses in chemistry, biology and biotechnology. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1733990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Perwez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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40
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Quantum Dots and Gold Nanoparticles as Scaffolds for Enzymatic Enhancement: Recent Advances and the Influence of Nanoparticle Size. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle scaffolds can impart multiple benefits onto immobilized enzymes including enhanced stability, activity, and recoverability. The magnitude of these benefits is modulated by features inherent to the scaffold–enzyme conjugate, amongst which the size of the nanoscaffold itself can be critically important. In this review, we highlight the benefits of enzyme immobilization on nanoparticles and the factors affecting these benefits using quantum dots and gold nanoparticles as representative materials due to their maturity. We then review recent literature on the use of these scaffolds for enzyme immobilization and as a means to dissect the underlying mechanisms. Detailed analysis of the literature suggests that there is a “sweet-spot” for scaffold size and the ratio of immobilized enzyme to scaffold, with smaller scaffolds and lower enzyme:scaffold ratios generally providing higher enzymatic activities. We anticipate that ongoing studies of enzyme immobilization onto nanoscale scaffolds will continue to sharpen our understanding of what gives rise to beneficial characteristics and allow for the next important step, namely, that of translation to large-scale processes that exploit these properties.
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41
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Immobilization of Enzymes as Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates: General Strategy to Obtain Robust Biocatalysts. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:345-361. [PMID: 31939135 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among carrier-free immobilization techniques, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) have been extensively described for a great number of diverse enzymes. During the last two decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to identify and understand the main variables involved in CLEA's preparation process leading to robust immobilized biocatalysts. Since every enzyme immobilized as CLEA requires specific conditions and protocols, herein we provide a general preparation strategy where main parameters are highlighted and correlated with a possible desired improved enzyme feature.
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42
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Chen G, Hu Q, Shu H, Wang L, Cui X, Han J, Bashir K, Luo Z, Chang C, Fu Q. Fluorescent biosensor based on magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates/CdTe quantum dots for the detection of H 2O 2-bioprecursors. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensing system for H2O2-bioprecursors based on CdTe quantum dots and magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoning Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hua Shu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xia Cui
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Jili Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Kamran Bashir
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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43
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Perwez M, Ahmed Mazumder J, Sardar M. Preparation and characterization of reusable magnetic combi-CLEA of cellulase and hemicellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Ellis GA, Klein WP, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Thakur M, Walper SA, Medintz IL. Artificial Multienzyme Scaffolds: Pursuing in Vitro Substrate Channeling with an Overview of Current Progress. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - William P. Klein
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Meghna Thakur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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45
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Rai DK, Gurusaran M, Urban V, Aran K, Ma L, Li P, Qian S, Narayanan TN, Ajayan PM, Liepmann D, Sekar K, Álvarez-Cao ME, Escuder-Rodríguez JJ, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Viswanathan S, Paulmurugan R, Renugopalakrishnan V. Structural determination of Enzyme-Graphene Nanocomposite Sensor Material. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15519. [PMID: 31664095 PMCID: PMC6820869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art ultra-sensitive blood glucose-monitoring biosensors, based on glucose oxidase (GOx) covalently linked to a single layer graphene (SLG), will be a valuable next generation diagnostic tool for personal glycemic level management. We report here our observations of sensor matrix structure obtained using a multi-physics approach towards analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on graphene-based biosensor functionalized with GOx under different pH conditions for various hierarchical GOx assemblies within SLG. We developed a methodology to separately extract the average shape of GOx molecules within the hierarchical assemblies. The modeling is able to resolve differences in the average GOx dimer structure and shows that treatment under different pH conditions lead to differences within the GOx at the dimer contact region with SLG. The coupling of different analysis methods and modeling approaches we developed in this study provides a universal approach to obtain detailed structural quantifications, for establishing robust structure-property relationships. This is an essential step to obtain an insight into the structure and function of the GOx-SLG interface for optimizing sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh K Rai
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne-NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Volker Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA.
| | - Kiana Aran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94709, USA
| | - Lulu Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Pingzuo Li
- Center for Life Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Tharangattu N Narayanan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, 500107, India
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Dorian Liepmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94709, USA
| | - Kanagaraj Sekar
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo EXPRELA, F. Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, 15011, Spain
| | - Juan-José Escuder-Rodríguez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo EXPRELA, F. Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, 15011, Spain
| | - María-Esperanza Cerdán
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo EXPRELA, F. Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, 15011, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo EXPRELA, F. Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, 15011, Spain
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Newton Wellesley Hospital/Partners Healthcare System, Newton, Massachusetts, 02462, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Dept. of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Suite 2236, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA
| | - Venkatesan Renugopalakrishnan
- Center for Life Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Dextran aldehyde (dexOx), resulting from the periodate oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diol moiety inside dextran, is a polymer that is very useful in many areas, including as a macromolecular carrier for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. In particular, it has been widely used for chemical engineering of enzymes, with the aim of designing better biocatalysts that possess improved catalytic properties, making them more stable and/or active for different catalytic reactions. This polymer possesses a very flexible hydrophilic structure, which becomes inert after chemical reduction; therefore, dexOx comes to be highly versatile in a biocatalyst design. This paper presents an overview of the multiple applications of dexOx in applied biocatalysis, e.g., to modulate the adsorption of biomolecules on carrier surfaces in affinity chromatography and biosensors design, to serve as a spacer arm between a ligand and the support in biomacromolecule immobilization procedures or to generate artificial microenvironments around the enzyme molecules or to stabilize multimeric enzymes by intersubunit crosslinking, among many other applications.
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47
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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48
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Li J, Maniar D, Qu X, Liu H, Tsao CY, Kim E, Bentley WE, Liu C, Payne GF. Coupling Self-Assembly Mechanisms to Fabricate Molecularly and Electrically Responsive Films. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:969-978. [PMID: 30616349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules often possess information to self-assemble through low energy competing interactions which can make self-assembly responsive to environmental cues and can also confer dynamic properties. Here, we coupled self-assembling systems to create biofunctional multilayer films that can be cued to disassemble through either molecular or electrical signals. To create functional multilayers, we: (i) electrodeposited the pH-responsive self-assembling aminopolysaccharide chitosan, (ii) allowed the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) to bind to the chitosan-coated electrode (presumably through electrostatic interactions), (iii) performed layer-by-layer self-assembly by sequential contacting with glycogen and ConA, and (iv) conferred biological (i.e., enzymatic) function by assembling glycoprotein (i.e., enzymes) to the ConA-terminated multilayer. Because the ConA tetramer dissociates at low pH, this multilayer can be triggered to disassemble by acidification. We demonstrate two approaches to induce acidification: (i) glucose oxidase can induce multilayer disassembly in response to molecular cues, and (ii) anodic reactions can induce multilayer disassembly in response to electrical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Drishti Maniar
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Xue Qu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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49
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Abstract
Enzymes are efficient biocatalysts providing an important tool in many industrial biocatalytic processes. Currently, the immobilized enzymes prepared by the cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have drawn much attention due to their simple preparation and high catalytic efficiency. Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) including multiple enzymes have significant advantages for practical applications. In this review, the conditions or factors for the preparation of combi-CLEAs such as the proportion of enzymes, the type of cross-linker, and coupling temperature were discussed based on the reaction mechanism. The recent applications of combi-CLEAs were also reviewed.
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50
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Jaquish R, Reilly AK, Lawson BP, Golikova E, Sulman AM, Stein BD, Lakina NV, Tkachenko OP, Sulman EM, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Immobilized glucose oxidase on magnetic silica and alumina: Beyond magnetic separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:896-905. [PMID: 30171957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we report immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on magnetic silica (Fe3O4-SiO2) and alumina (Fe3O4-Al2O3) functionalized with amino groups using glutaraldehyde as a linker. Magnetic support based biocatalysts demonstrate high catalytic activity in d-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid at pH 5-7.5 and temperature of 30-50 °C with the best activities of 95% and 91% for magnetic silica and alumina, respectively. A comparison of magnetic and non-magnetic alumina and silica shows a significant enhancement of the relative catalytic activity for magnetic supports, while the silica based biocatalysts show a higher activity than the biocatalysts based on alumina. A noticeably higher activity of GOx immobilized on magnetic supports is explained by synergy of the GOx inherent activity and enzyme-like activity of iron oxide nanoparticles, while the enhancement with silica based catalysts is most likely due to a larger pore size and stronger Brønsted acid sites. Excellent relative activity of Fe3O4-SiO2-GOx (95% of native GOx) in a tolerant pH and temperature range as well as high stability in a repeated use (6% relative activity loss after five catalytic cycles) makes this catalyst promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigel Jaquish
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Austin K Reilly
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Bret P Lawson
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ekaterina Golikova
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026, Tver, Russia
| | - Aleksandrina M Sulman
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026, Tver, Russia
| | - Barry D Stein
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, 1001 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Natalya V Lakina
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026, Tver, Russia
| | - Olga P Tkachenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Esther M Sulman
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026, Tver, Russia
| | - Valentina G Matveeva
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026, Tver, Russia; Tver State University, Regional Technological Center, Zhelyabova Str., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila M Bronstein
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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