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Cherni O, Carballares D, Siar EH, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, de Moraes Polizeli MDLT, Rocha-Martin J, Bahri S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Tuning almond lipase features by the buffer used during immobilization: The apparent biocatalysts stability depends on the immobilization and inactivation buffers and the substrate utilized. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:72-80. [PMID: 38876311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The lipase from Prunus dulcis almonds was inactivated under different conditions. At pH 5 and 9, enzyme stability remained similar under the different studied buffers. However, when the inactivation was performed at pH 7, there were some clear differences on enzyme stability depending on the buffer used. The enzyme was more stable in Gly than when Tris was employed for inactivation. Then, the enzyme was immobilized on methacrylate beads coated with octadecyl groups at pH 7 in the presence of Gly, Tris, phosphate and HEPES. Its activity was assayed versus triacetin and S-methyl mandelate. The biocatalyst prepared in phosphate was more active versus S-methyl mandelate, while the other ones were more active versus triacetin. The immobilized enzyme stability at pH 7 depends on the buffer used for enzyme immobilization. The buffer used in the inactivation and the substrate used determined the activity. For example, glycine was the buffer that promoted the lowest or the highest stabilities depending on the substrate used to quantify the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Cherni
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; LMPB (LR16ES05), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - El Hocine Siar
- Agri-food Engineering Laboratory (GENIAAL), Nutrition and Food Technology Institute (INATAA), University of Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Algeria
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sellema Bahri
- LMPB (LR16ES05), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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2
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Lima PJM, Rios NS, Vilarrasa-García E, Cecilia JA, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Gonçalves LRB. Preparation of a heterogeneous biocatalyst through Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase immobilization on pore-expanded SBA-15. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133359. [PMID: 38914393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous biocatalysts were prepared by adsorbing T. lanuginosus lipase (TLL) onto uncalcined (SBAUC-TLL) and calcined (SBAC-TLL) SBA-15, using ammonium fluoride as a pore expander to facilitate TLL immobilization. At an enzyme load of 1 mg/g, high immobilization yields (>90 %) and recovered activities (>80 % for SBAUC-TLL and 70 % for SBAC-TLL) were achieved. When increasing the enzyme load to 5 mg/g, the immobilization yield of SBAUC-TLL was 80 %, and the recovered activity was 50 %, while SBAC-TLL had a yield of 100 % and a recovered activity of 36 %. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) was conducted to improve stability (SBAUC-TLL-GA and SBAC-TLL-GA). Although SBAC-TLL-GA lost 25 % of initial activity after GA modifications, it exhibited the highest thermal (t1/2 = 5.7 h at 65 °C), when compared to SBAC-TLL (t1/2 = 12 min) and the soluble enzyme (t1/2 = 36 min), and operational stability (retained 100 % activity after 5 cycles). Both biocatalysts presented high storage stability since they retained 100 % of initial activity for 30 days. These results highlight SBA-15's potential as an enzyme support and the protocol's efficacy in enhancing stability, with implications for industrial applications in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jéssyca Morais Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Enrique Vilarrasa-García
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio Cecilia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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3
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Salas-Bruggink D, Guzmán H, Espina G, Blamey JM. Recombinant Expression and Characterization of a Novel Thermo-Alkaline Lipase with Increased Solvent Stability from the Antarctic Thermophilic Bacterium Geobacillus sp. ID17. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7928. [PMID: 39063171 PMCID: PMC11277018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that hydrolyze long-chain carboxylic esters, and in the presence of organic solvents, they catalyze organic synthesis reactions. However, the use of solvents in these processes often results in enzyme denaturation, leading to a reduction in enzymatic activity. Consequently, there is significant interest in identifying new lipases that are resistant to denaturing conditions, with extremozymes emerging as promising candidates for this purpose. Lip7, a lipase from Geobacillus sp. ID17, a thermophilic microorganism isolated from Deception Island, Antarctica, was recombinantly expressed in E. coli C41 (DE3) in functional soluble form. Its purification was achieved with 96% purity and 23% yield. Enzymatic characterization revealed Lip7 to be a thermo-alkaline enzyme, reaching a maximum rate of 3350 U mg-1 at 50 °C and pH 11.0, using p-nitrophenyl laurate substrate. Notably, its kinetics displayed a sigmoidal behavior, with a higher kinetic efficiency (kcat/Km) for substrates of 12-carbon atom chain. In terms of thermal stability, Lip7 demonstrates stability up to 60 °C at pH 8.0 and up to 50 °C at pH 11.0. Remarkably, it showed high stability in the presence of organic solvents, and under certain conditions even exhibited enzymatic activation, reaching up to 2.5-fold and 1.35-fold after incubation in 50% v/v ethanol and 70% v/v isopropanol, respectively. Lip7 represents one of the first lipases from the bacterial subfamily I.5 and genus Geobacillus with activity and stability at pH 11.0. Its compatibility with organic solvents makes it a compelling candidate for future research in biocatalysis and various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hardy Guzmán
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Giannina Espina
- Fundación Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas 2280, Santiago 7750132, Chile;
| | - Jenny M. Blamey
- Fundación Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas 2280, Santiago 7750132, Chile;
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
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4
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Kovalenko G, Perminova L, Beklemishev A, Serkova A, Salanov A. Biocatalysts engineering by varying the binary CNTs-silica composition and the physicochemical characteristics of adsorbents for the immobilization of recombinant T. lanuginosus lipase. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:13-21. [PMID: 38688410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic engineering was carried out by varying monotonically the binary CNTs-silica composition and, accordingly, the physicochemical characteristics of adsorbents developed for immobilization of recombinant T. lanuginosus lipase (rPichia/lip). The adsorbents based on composite carbon-silica materials (CCSMs) were produced by impregnating finely dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes with silica hydrosol followed by calcination in argon at 350°C; the mass ratio of the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic components varied over a wide range. Biocatalysts (BCs) for green low-temperature synthesis of various esters in a non-aqueous medium of organic solvents were prepared by adsorption of rPichia/lip with subsequent drying under ambient conditions. The characteristics of the CCSMs and BCs were characterized by thermogravimetry, nitrogen porosimetry and electron microscopy. The catalytic properties of BCs, such as enzymatic activity, substrate conversion and specificity, as well we their operational stability depending on the chemical composition of CCSMs were extensively studied in the esterification of saturated monocarboxylic acids (C4, C7, C18) and primary aliphatic alcohols (C2, C4, C16) in hexane at 20°C. It was found that the esterifying activity manyfold decreased with increasing the silica content primarily due to a decrease in adsorption ability of CCSMs toward rPichia/lip. The substrate specificity and operational stability of the lipase-active BCs did not greatly depend on the composition of CCSMs. Biocatalysts retained more than half of their initial esterifying activity after 10 reaction cycles.
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Siódmiak J, Dulęba J, Kocot N, Mastalerz R, Haraldsson GG, Marszałł MP, Siódmiak T. A New Approach in Lipase-Octyl-Agarose Biocatalysis of 2-Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5084. [PMID: 38791124 PMCID: PMC11121684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of lipase immobilized on an octyl-agarose support to obtain the optically pure enantiomers of chiral drugs in reactions carried out in organic solvents is a great challenge for chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop optimal procedures to achieve a high enantioselectivity of the biocatalysts in the organic medium. Our paper describes a new approach to biocatalysis performed in an organic solvent with the use of CALB-octyl-agarose support including the application of a polypropylene reactor, an appropriate buffer for immobilization (Tris base-pH 9, 100 mM), a drying step, and then the storage of immobilized lipases in a climatic chamber or a refrigerator. An immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was used in the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-flurbiprofen by enantioselective esterification with methanol, reaching a high enantiomeric excess (eep = 89.6 ± 2.0%). As part of the immobilization optimization, the influence of different buffers was investigated. The effect of the reactor material and the reaction medium on the lipase activity was also studied. Moreover, the stability of the immobilized lipases: lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) and CALB during storage in various temperature and humidity conditions (climatic chamber and refrigerator) was tested. The application of the immobilized CALB in a polypropylene reactor allowed for receiving over 9-fold higher conversion values compared to the results achieved when conducting the reaction in a glass reactor, as well as approximately 30-fold higher conversion values in comparison with free lipase. The good stability of the CALB-octyl-agarose support was demonstrated. After 7 days of storage in a climatic chamber or refrigerator (with protection from humidity) approximately 60% higher conversion values were obtained compared to the results observed for the immobilized form that had not been stored. The new approach involving the application of the CALB-octyl-agarose support for reactions performed in organic solvents indicates a significant role of the polymer reactor material being used in achieving high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siódmiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Dulęba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Kocot
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Mastalerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | | | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Tomasz Siódmiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
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Morales AH, Hero JS, Ledesma AE, Perez HA, Navarro MC, Gómez MI, Romero CM. Interfacial Hyperactivation of Candida rugosa Lipase onto Ca 2Fe 2O 5 Nanoparticles: pH and Ionic Strength Fine-Tuning to Modulate Protein-Support Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12004-12019. [PMID: 37585874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study provides a comprehensive look of the adsorption process of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) on Ca2Fe2O5 iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Protein-support interactions were identified across a broad range of pH and ionic strengths (mM) through a response surface methodology, surface charge determination, and spectroscopic and in silico analyses. The maximum quantity of immobilized protein was achieved at an ionic strength of 50 mM and pH 4. However, this condition did not allow for the greatest hydrolytic activity to be obtained. Indeed, it was recorded at acidic pH, but at 150 mM, where evaluation of the recovered activity revealed hyperactivation of the enzyme. These findings were supported by adsorption isotherms performed under different conditions. Based on zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interactions contributed differently to protein-support binding under the conditions tested, showing a strong correlation with experimentally determined immobilization parameters. Raman spectra revealed an increase in hydrophobicity around tryptophan residues, whereas the enzyme immobilization significantly reduced the phenylalanine signal in CRL. This suggests that this residue was involved in the interaction with Ca2Fe2O2 and molecular docking analysis confirmed these findings. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed distinct behaviors in the CRL emission patterns with the addition of Ca2Fe2O5 at pH 4 and 7. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the contact would be mediated by hydrophobic interactions at both pHs, as well as by ionic ones at pH 4. In this approach, this work adds to our understanding of the design of biocatalysts immobilized in iron oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H Morales
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán T4001 MVB, Argentina
| | - Johan S Hero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán T4001 MVB, Argentina
| | - Ana E Ledesma
- Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), Departamento Académico de Química, Facultad de Ciuencias Exactas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Av. Belgrano Sur 1912, Santiago del Estero 4200, Argentina
| | - Hugo A Perez
- Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), Departamento Académico de Química, Facultad de Ciuencias Exactas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Av. Belgrano Sur 1912, Santiago del Estero 4200, Argentina
| | - María C Navarro
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000IL, Argentina
| | - María I Gómez
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000IL, Argentina
| | - Cintia M Romero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán T4001 MVB, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000IL, Argentina
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He L, Zeng C, Wei L, Xu L, Song F, Huang J, Zhong N. Fabrication of immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Food Chem 2023; 408:135236. [PMID: 36549162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to fabricate immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) through acidolysis of glycerol tripalmitate (PPP). Twelve (three types) supports and five lipases were studied carefully. Among them, the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) samples exhibited overall better performance than that of other immobilized lipases. Particularly, organic groups functionalized SBA-15 (R-SBA-15) supported TLL (TLL@R-SBA-15) samples gave PPP conversion from 97.70 to 99.00 % and OPO content from 59.52 to 64.73 %. After optimization, PPP conversion up to 99.07 %, OPO content 73.15 % and sn-2 palmitic acid content 90.09 % were obtained with TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 as catalyst. Moreover, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 exhibited better acidolysis performance from 50 °C than that from 60 to 80 °C, which helped inhibit acyl migration. In addition, after 5 cycles of reuse, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 retained 81.04 % (based on OPO content) and 98.88 % (based on sn-2 palmitic acid content) of its initial activity, indicating it had an attractive prospect in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Can Zeng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Lingfeng Wei
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Fenglin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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8
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Mineralization of Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus Immobilized on Methacrylate Beads Bearing Octadecyl Groups to Improve Enzyme Features. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been immobilized on Purolite Lifetech® ECR8806F (viz. methacrylate macroporous resin containing octadecyl groups, designated as Purolite C18-TLL), and the enzyme performance has been compared to that of the enzyme immobilized on octyl-agarose, designated as agarose C8-TLL. The hydrolytic activity versus p-nitrophenol butyrate decreased significantly, and to a lower extent versus S-methyl mandelate (more than twofold), while versus triacetin and R-methyl mandelate, the enzyme activity was higher for the biocatalyst prepared using Purolite C18 (up to almost five-fold). Regarding the enzyme stability, Purolite C18-TLL was significantly more stable than the agarose C8-TLL. Next, the biocatalysts were mineralized using zinc, copper or cobalt phosphates. Mineralization increased the hydrolytic activity of Purolite C18-TLL versus triacetin and R-methyl mandelate, while this activity decreased very significantly versus the S-isomer, while the effects using agarose C8-TLL were more diverse (hydrolytic activity increase or decrease was dependent on the metal and substrate). The zinc salt treatment increased the stability of both biocatalysts, but with a lower impact for Purolite C18-TLL than for agarose-C8-TLL. On the contrary, the copper and cobalt salt treatments decreased enzyme stability, but more intensively using Purolite C18-TLL. The results show that even using enzymes immobilized following the same strategy, the differences in the enzyme conformation cause mineralization to have diverse effects on enzyme stability, hydrolytic activity, and specificity.
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9
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Souza PMP, Carballares D, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues S. Immobilization of Lipase B from Candida antarctica in Octyl-Vinyl Sulfone Agarose: Effect of the Enzyme-Support Interactions on Enzyme Activity, Specificity, Structure and Inactivation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214268. [PMID: 36430745 PMCID: PMC9697615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica was immobilized on heterofunctional support octyl agarose activated with vinyl sulfone to prevent enzyme release under drastic conditions. Covalent attachment was established, but the blocking step using hexylamine, ethylenediamine or the amino acids glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp) altered the results. The activities were lower than those observed using the octyl biocatalyst, except when using ethylenediamine as blocking reagent and p-nitrophenol butyrate (pNPB) as substrate. The enzyme stability increased using these new biocatalysts at pH 7 and 9 using all blocking agents (much more significantly at pH 9), while it decreased at pH 5 except when using Gly as blocking agent. The stress inactivation of the biocatalysts decreased the enzyme activity versus three different substrates (pNPB, S-methyl mandelate and triacetin) in a relatively similar fashion. The tryptophane (Trp) fluorescence spectra were different for the biocatalysts, suggesting different enzyme conformations. However, the fluorescence spectra changes during the inactivation were not too different except for the biocatalyst blocked with Asp, suggesting that, except for this biocatalyst, the inactivation pathways may not be so different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M. P. Souza
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana R. B. Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.F.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.F.-L.); (S.R.)
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10
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Immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on a new hydrophobic support (Streamline phenyl™): strategies to improve stability and reusability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 163:110166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Alagöz D, Varan NE, Yildirim D, Fernandéz-Lafuente R. Optimization of the immobilization of xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus to produce xylooligosaccharides in a batch type reactor. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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He L, Zheng J, Feng S, Xu L, Zhong N. Immobilization of Candida antarctica Lipase A onto Macroporous Resin NKA-9: Esterification and Glycerolysis Performance Study. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1337-1348. [PMID: 36047241 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA) was immobilized onto the macroporous resin NKA-9. Immobilization conditions (pH, time and CALA concentration) were studied, enzymatic activity and immobilization efficiency (IE) up to 968.89 U/g and 53.19% were respectively obtained under optimal conditions (immobilization pH 5.0, time 5 h and CALA concentration at 30 mg/mL). Then, the NKA-9 supported CALA (CALA@NKA-9) samples were used to catalyze glycerolysis in solvent-free system. With 0.25 g of the present CALA@NKA-9 (soybean oil 3.52 g and glycerol 0.184 g) and after 12 h reaction at 50 °C, diacylglycerols (DAG) content up to 64.37% and triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion at 83.33% were obtained. The relationship between temperature and TAG conversion was LnV 0 = 13.9310-6.4212/T for CALA@NKA-9. Meanwhile, the activation energy (Ea) of CALA@NKA-9 was calculated to be 53.39 kJ/mol. In addition, reusability in the glycerolysis reaction was also evaluated, and 57.82% of the initial glycerolysis activity was retained after 9 consecutive applications. Furthermore, the CALA@NKA-9 was also used to catalyze the esterification (esterification of fatty acids with glycerol), however, the present CALA@NKA-9 cannot initiate the esterification. Therefore, the present CALA@NKA-9 is shown to be potential for DAG production through glycerolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Siting Feng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
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13
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Moguei MRS, Habibi Z, Shahedi M, Yousefi M, Alimoradi A, Mobini S, Mohammadi M. Immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase through isocyanide-based multi component reaction on multi-walled carbon nanotube: application for kinetic resolution of rac-ibuprofen. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 35:e00759. [PMID: 36060211 PMCID: PMC9434027 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Chen W, He L, Song W, Huang J, Zhong N. Encapsulation of lipases by nucleotide/metal ion coordination polymers: enzymatic properties and their applications in glycerolysis and esterification studies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4012-4024. [PMID: 34997576 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, lipases of TLL (lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus), AOL (lipase from Aspergillus oryzae), RML (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei), BCL (lipase from Burkholderia cepacia), CALA (Candida antarctica lipase A) and LU (Lecitase® Ultra) were encapsulated into nucleotide-hybrid metal coordination polymers (CPs). Enzyme concentration was optimized for encapsulation and the enzymatic properties of the obtained lipases were investigated. In addition, their performance in glycerolysis and esterification was evaluated, and glycerolysis conditions (water content, temperature and time) were optimized. RESULTS Hydrolysis activity over 10 000 U g-1 and activity recovery over 90% were observed from AOL@GMP/Tb, TLL@GMP/Tb and RML@GMP/Tb. GMP/Tb encapsulation (of AOL, TLL, RML and LU) improved their thermostability when incubated in air. The encapsulated lipases exhibited moderate [triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion 30-50%] and considerable glycerolysis activity (TAG conversion over 60%). TAG conversions from 69.37% to 82.35% and diacylglycerols (DAG) contents from 58.62% to 64.88% were obtained from CALA@GMP/metal samples (except for CALA@GMP/Cu). Interestingly, none of the encapsulated lipases initiated the esterification reaction. AOL@GMP/Tb, TLL@GMP/Tb, RML@GMP/Tb and CALA@GMP/Tb showed good reusability in glycerolysis, with 88.80%, 94.67%, 89.85% and 78.16% of their initial glycerolysis activity, respectively, remaining after five cycles of reuse. The relationships between temperature and TAG conversion were LnV0 = 6.5364-3.7943/T and LnV0 = 13.8820-6.4684/T for AOL@GMP/Tb and CALA@GMP/Tb, respectively; in addition, their activation energies were 31.55 and 53.78 kJ mol-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Most of the present encapsulated lipases exhibited moderate and considerable glycerolysis activity. In addition, AOL@GMP/Tb, TLL@GMP/Tb, RML@GMP/Tb and CALA@GMP/Tb exhibited good reusability in glycerolysis reactions and potential in practical applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Wenzhu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
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15
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Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Guimarães JR, Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Tardioli PW, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of immobilized lipases by treatment with metallic phosphate salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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dos Santos KP, Rios NS, Labus K, Gonçalves LRB. Co-immobilization of lipase and laccase on agarose-based supports via layer-by-layer strategy: effect of diffusional limitations. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Chemical amination of immobilized enzymes for enzyme coimmobilization: Reuse of the most stable immobilized and modified enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:688-697. [PMID: 35358572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although Lecitase and the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) could be coimmobilized on octyl-agarose, the stability of Lecitase was lower than that of TLL causing the user to discard active immobilized TLL when Lecitase was inactivated. Here, we propose the chemical amination of immobilized TLL to ionically exchange Lecitase on immobilized TLL, which should be released to the medium after its inactivation by incubation at high ionic strength. Using conditions where Lecitase was only adsorbed on immobilized TLL after its amination, the combibiocatalyst was produced. Unfortunately, the release of Lecitase was not possible using just high ionic strength solutions, and if detergent was added, TLL was also released from the support. This occurred when using 0.25 M ammonium sulfate, Lecitase did not immobilize on aminated TLL. That makes the use octyl-vinylsulfone supports necessary to irreversibly immobilize TLL, and after blocking with ethylendiamine, the immobilized TLL was aminated. Lecitase immobilized and released from this biocatalyst using 0.25 M ammonium sulfate and 0.1% Triton X-100. That way, a coimmobilized TLL and Lecitase biocatalyst could be produced, and after Lecitase inactivation, it could be released and the immobilized, aminated, and fully active TLL could be utilized to build a new combibiocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Characteristics of Crosslinking Polymers Play Major Roles in Improving the Stability and Catalytic Properties of Immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062917. [PMID: 35328337 PMCID: PMC8953303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the stability and catalytic properties of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) adsorbed on a hydrophobic support. At the optimized conditions (pH 5 and 25 °C without any additions), the Sips isotherm model effectively fitted the equilibrium adsorption data, indicating a monolayer and the homogenous distribution of immobilized lipase molecules. To preserve the high specific activity of adsorbed lipase, the immobilized lipase (IL) with a moderate loading amount (approximately 40% surface coverage) was selected. Polyethylenimine (PEI) and chitosan (CS) were successfully applied as bridging units to in situ crosslink the immobilized lipase molecules in IL. At the low polymer concentration (0.5%, w/w) and with 1 h incubation, insignificant changes in average pore size were detected. Short-chain PEI and CS (MW ≤ 2 kDa) efficiently improved the lipase stability, i.e., the lipase loss decreased from 40% to <2%. Notably, CS performed much better than PEI in maintaining lipase activity. IL crosslinked with CS-2 kDa showed a two- to three-fold higher rate when hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl butyrate and a two-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency in the esterification of hexanoic acid with butanol. These in situ crosslinking strategies offer good potential for modulating the catalytic properties of TLL for a specific reaction.
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20
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Basetty S, Kumaraguru T. Preparation of enantiopure pregabalin intermediate using cross linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) in basket reactor. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.2023507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Basetty
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Thenkrishnan Kumaraguru
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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21
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Souza PMP, Carballares D, Lopez-Carrobles N, Gonçalves LRB, Lopez-Gallego F, Rodrigues S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Enzyme-support interactions and inactivation conditions determine Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase inactivation pathways: Functional and florescence studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:79-91. [PMID: 34537296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been covalently immobilized on heterofunctional octyl-vinyl agarose. That way, the covalently immobilized enzymes will have identical orientation. Then, it has blocked using hexyl amine (HEX), ethylenediamine (EDA), Gly and Asp. The initial activity/stability of the different biocatalysts was very different, being the most stable the biocatalyst blocked with Gly. These biocatalysts had been utilized to analyze if the enzyme activity could decrease differently along thermal inactivation courses depending on the utilized substrate (that is, if the enzyme specificity was altered during its inactivation using 4 different substrates to determine the activity), and if this can be altered by the nature of the blocking agent and the inactivation conditions (we use pH 5, 7 and 9). Results show great changes in the enzyme specificity during inactivation (e.g., activity versus triacetin was much more quickly lost than versus the other substrates), and how this was modulated by the immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. The difference in the changes induced by immobilization and inactivation were confirmed by fluorescence studies. That is, the functional and structural analysis of partially inactivated immobilized enzyme showed that their inactivation pathway is strongly depended on the support features and inactivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M Paiva Souza
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Immobilization of the Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. The Effect of the Immobilization pH on the Features of an Ionically Exchanged Dimeric Peroxygenase. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines the immobilization of the recombinant dimeric unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO). The enzyme was quite stable (remaining unaltered its activity after 35 h at 47 °C and pH 7.0). Phosphate destabilized the enzyme, while glycerol stabilized it. The enzyme was not immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose supports, while it was immobilized albeit in inactive form on vinyl-sulfone-activated supports. rAaeUPO immobilization on glutaraldehyde pre-activated supports gave almost quantitative immobilization yield and retained some activity, but the biocatalyst was very unstable. Its immobilization via anion exchange on PEI supports also produced good immobilization yields, but the rAaeUPO stability dropped. However, using aminated agarose, the enzyme retained stability and activity. The stability of the immobilized enzyme strongly depended on the immobilization pH, being much less stable when rAaeUPO was adsorbed at pH 9.0 than when it was immobilized at pH 7.0 or pH 5.0 (residual activity was almost 0 for the former and 80% for the other preparations), presenting stability very similar to that of the free enzyme. This is a very clear example of how the immobilization pH greatly affects the final biocatalyst performance.
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25
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Han N, Tang M, Wan S, Jiang Z, Yue Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Huang Z. Surface charge engineering of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase improves enzymatic activity and biodiesel synthesis. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1403-1411. [PMID: 33834350 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at engineering charged residues on the surface of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) to obtain TLL variant with elevated performance for industrial applications. RESULTS Site-directed mutagenesis of eight charged amino acids on the TLL surface were conducted and substitutions on the negatively charged residues D111, D158, D165, and E239 were identified with elevated specific activities and biodiesel yields. Synergistic effect was not discovered in the double mutants, D111E/D165E and D165E/E239R, when compared with the corresponding single mutants. One TLL mutant, D165E, was identified with increased specific activity (456.60 U/mg), catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km: 44.14 s-1 mM-1), the highest biodiesel conversion yield (93.56%), and comparable thermostability with that of the TLL. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the importance of surface charge engineering in improving TLL activity and biodiesel production, and the resulting TLL mutant, D165E, is a promising candidate for biodiesel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Minyuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Sidi Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanbao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinrun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China. .,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China. .,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
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26
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Braham SA, Siar EH, Arana-Peña S, Bavandi H, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, de Andrades D, Kornecki JF, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Positive effect of glycerol on the stability of immobilized enzymes: Is it a universal fact? Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Bilal M, Fernandes CD, Mehmood T, Nadeem F, Tabassam Q, Ferreira LFR. Immobilized lipases-based nano-biocatalytic systems - A versatile platform with incredible biotechnological potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:108-122. [PMID: 33548312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipases belong to α/β hydrolases that cause hydrolytic catalysis of triacylglycerols to release monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and glycerol with free fatty acids. Lipases have a common active site that contains three amino acid residues in a conserved Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif: a nucleophilic serine residue, an acidic aspartic or glutamic acid residue, and a basic histidine residue. Lipase plays a significant role in numerous industrial and biotechnological processes, including paper, food, oleochemical and pharmaceutical applications. However, its instability and aqueous solubility make application expensive and relatively challenging. Immobilization has been considered as a promising approach to improve enzyme stability, reusability, and survival under extreme temperature and pH environments. Innumerable supporting material in the form of natural polymers and nanostructured materials is a crucial aspect in the procedure of lipase immobilization used to afford biocompatibility, stability in physio-chemical belongings, and profuse binding positions for enzymes. This review outlines the unique structural and functional properties of a large number of polymers and nanomaterials as robust support matrices for lipase immobilization. Given these supporting materials, the applications of immobilized lipases in different industries, such as biodiesel production, polymer synthesis, additives, detergent, textile, and food industry are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Nadeem
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Tabassam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 4010, Pakistan
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Monteiro RR, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Berenguer-Murcia Á, da Rocha TN, dos Santos JC, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological relevance of the lipase A from Candida antarctica. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases via interfacial activation on hydrophobic supports: Production of biocatalysts libraries by altering the immobilization conditions. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chałupka J, Sikora A, Kozicka A, Marszałł MP. Overview: Enzyme-catalyzed Enantioselective Biotransformation of Chiral Active Compounds Used in Hypertension Treatment. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201020204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic kinetic resolution is one of the methods which allows for the synthesis
of enantiomerically pure various active pharmaceutical ingredients. In contrast to chemical
routes, enzymatic reactions have characteristics, including mild reaction conditions, a few byproducts,
and relatively high activity of the used enzymes. β-adrenolytic drugs are widely
used in the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Due to the fact that β-
blockers possess an asymmetric carbon atom in their structure, they are presented in two
enantiomeric forms. It was reported by many studies that only the (S)-enantiomers of these
drugs possess the desired therapeutic effect, whereas the administration of the racemate may
cause dangerous side effects, such as bronchoconstriction or diabetes. Nevertheless, β-
blockers are still commercially available drugs mainly used in medicine as racemates, whereas there are several
methods that are widely used in order to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chałupka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kozicka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University in Cambridge, Lv 6 Addenbrooke’s Treatment Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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31
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Shahedi M, Habibi Z, Yousefi M, Brask J, Mohammadi M. Improvement of biodiesel production from palm oil by co-immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase and Candida antarctica lipase B: Optimization using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:490-502. [PMID: 33383081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and Thermomyces lanuginose lipase (TLL) were co-immobilized on epoxy functionalized silica gel via an isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction. The immobilization process was carried out in water (pH 7) at 25 °C, rapidly (3 h) resulting in high immobilization yields (100%) with a loading of 10 mg enzyme/g support. The immobilized preparations were used to produce biodiesel by transesterification of palm oil. In an optimization study, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD) methods were used to study the effect of five independent factors including temperature, methanol to oil ratio, t-butanol concentration and CALB:TLL ratio on the yield of biodiesel production. The optimum combinations for the reaction were CALB:TLL ratio (2.1:1), t-butanol (45 wt%), temperature (47 °C), methanol: oil ratio (2.3). This resulted in a FAME yield of 94%, very close to the predicted value of 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Immobilization of lipases onto the halogen & haloalkanes modified SBA-15: Enzymatic activity and glycerolysis performance study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:239-250. [PMID: 33345972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, SBA-15 was modified by halogen & haloalkanes and later used to immobilize lipases. The hydrolysis activity and the glycerolysis performance of the immobilized lipases was carefully studied. Highest activity of the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), Lipase from Aspergillus oryzae (AOL), Lecitase® Ultra (LU) and lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) was respectively at 5577, 12000, 2822 and 11,577 U/g; in addition, the highest activity was obtained from the lowest or moderate lipase loading, at 25.73, 90.72, 89.52 and 30.56 mg/g respectively. The mechanism of lipase immobilization was studied and it was through interfacial activation. The halogen & haloalkanes modification of SBA-15 afforded considerable glycerolysis activity for diacylglycerols (DAG) preparation. CALB@SBA-15-CH2CH2(CF2)5CF3 and CALB@SBA-15-CH2CH2(CF2)7CF3 were suitable for DAG production, they both exhibited good reusability in glycerolysis reaction, with 117.36% and 93.06% of their initial glycerolysis activity retained respectively after ten cycles of reuse. The relationships between temperature with triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion were lnV0 = 3.13-3.07/T and lnV0 = 7.90-4.64/T respectively for CALB@SBA-15-CH2CH2(CF2)5CF3 and CALB@SBA-15-CH2CH2(CF2)7CF3; in addition, their activation energy (Ea) was respectively at 25.50 and 38.54 kJ/mol.
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Zdarta J, Staszak M, Jankowska K, Kaźmierczak K, Degórska O, Nguyen LN, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E, Pinelo M, Jesionowski T. The response surface methodology for optimization of tyrosinase immobilization onto electrospun polycaprolactone–chitosan fibers for use in bisphenol A removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2049-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Multi-Combilipases: Co-Immobilizing Lipases with Very Different Stabilities Combining Immobilization via Interfacial Activation and Ion Exchange. The Reuse of the Most Stable Co-Immobilized Enzymes after Inactivation of the Least Stable Ones. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipases A and B from Candida antarctica (CALA and CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) or Rhizomucor miehei (RML), and the commercial and artificial phospholipase Lecitase ultra (LEU) may be co-immobilized on octyl agarose beads. However, LEU and RML became almost fully inactivated under conditions where CALA, CALB and TLL retained full activity. This means that, to have a five components co-immobilized combi-lipase, we should discard 3 fully active and immobilized enzymes when the other two enzymes are inactivated. To solve this situation, CALA, CALB and TLL have been co-immobilized on octyl-vinyl sulfone agarose beads, coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and the least stable enzymes, RML and LEU have been co-immobilized over these immobilized enzymes. The coating with PEI is even favorable for the activity of the immobilized enzymes. It was checked that RML and LEU could be released from the enzyme-PEI coated biocatalyst, although this also produced some release of the PEI. That way, a protocol was developed to co-immobilize the five enzymes, in a way that the most stable could be reused after the inactivation of the least stable ones. After RML and LEU inactivation, the combi-biocatalysts were incubated in 0.5 M of ammonium sulfate to release the inactivated enzymes, incubated again with PEI and a new RML and LEU batch could be immobilized, maintaining the activity of the three most stable enzymes for at least five cycles of incubation at pH 7.0 and 60 °C for 3 h, incubation on ammonium sulfate, incubation in PEI and co-immobilization of new enzymes. The effect of the order of co-immobilization of the different enzymes on the co-immobilized biocatalyst activity was also investigated using different substrates, finding that when the most active enzyme versus one substrate was immobilized first (nearer to the surface of the particle), the activity was higher than when this enzyme was co-immobilized last (nearer to the particle core).
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35
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Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R, Arora PK. Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32847584 PMCID: PMC7449042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology, Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Enespa
- Department of Plant Pathology, School for Agriculture, SMPDC, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
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36
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Borges JP, Quilles Junior JC, Ohe THK, Ferrarezi AL, Nunes CDCC, Boscolo M, Gomes E, Bocchini DA, da Silva R. Free and Substrate-Immobilised Lipases from Fusarium verticillioides P24 as a Biocatalyst for Hydrolysis and Transesterification Reactions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:33-51. [PMID: 32808248 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fungal enzymes are widely used in technological processes and have some interesting features to be applied in a variety of biosynthetic courses. Here, free and substrate-immobilised lipases from Fusarium verticillioides P24 were obtained by solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate and fungal carrier. Based on their hydrolytic and transesterification activities, the lipases were characterised as pH-dependent in both reactions, with higher substrate conversion in an alkaline environment. Thermally, the lipases performed well from 30 to 45 °C, being more stable in mild conditions. Organic solvents significantly influenced the lipase selectivity using different vegetable oils as fatty acid source. Omega(ω)-3 production in n-hexane achieved 45% using canola oil, against ≈ 18% in cyclohexane. However, ω-6 production was preferably produced for both solvents using linseed oil with significant alterations in the yield (≈ 79% and 49% for n-hexane and cyclohexane, respectively). Moreover, the greatest enzyme selectivity for ω-6 led us to suppose a lipase preference for the Sn1 position of the triacylglycerol. Lastly, a transesterification reaction was performed, achieving 90% of ester conversion in 72 h. This study reports the characterisation and use of free and substrate-immobilised lipases from Fusarium verticillioides P24 as an economic and efficient method for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Pires Borges
- Departament of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, IQ/UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, CEP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Quilles Junior
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Hideyuki Kobe Ohe
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Ferrarezi
- Department of Biology, IBILCE/UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Boscolo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Department of Biology, IBILCE/UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Alonso Bocchini
- Departament of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, IQ/UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, CEP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
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37
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Borges JP, Quilles Junior JC, Moreno-Perez S, Fernandez-Lorente G, Boscolo M, Gomes E, da Silva R, Bocchini DA, Guisan JM. Ethyl esters production catalyzed by immobilized lipases is influenced by n-hexane and ter-amyl alcohol as organic solvents. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2107-2115. [PMID: 32594315 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipase stability in organic solvent is crucial for its application in many biotechnological processes as biocatalyst. One way to improve lipase's activity and stability in unusual reaction medium is its immobilization on inert supports. Here, lipases from different sources and immobilized through weak chemical interactions on hydrophobic and ionic supports had their transesterification ability dramatically dependent on the support and also on the solvent that had been used. The ethanolysis of sardine oil was carried out at the presence of cyclohexane and tert-amyl alcohol, in which Duolite A568-Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase derivative achieved 49% of ethyl esters production after 24 h in cyclohexane. The selectivity of immobilized lipases was also studied and, after 3 h of synthesis, the reaction with Duolite A568-Thermomyces lanuginosa derivative in cyclohexane produced 24% ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.2% ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid, displaying a selectivity index of 20 times the ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid. Different derivatives of Candida antarctica lipases fraction B (CALB) and phospholipase Lecitase® Ultra (Lecitase) were also investigated. Along these lines, a combination between these factors may be applied to improve the activity and selectivity of immobilized lipases, decreasing the total cost of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Pires Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, IQ/UNESP - Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 - CEP, Araraquara - SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Quilles Junior
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP - Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - CEP, São José Do Rio Preto - SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Moreno-Perez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Research Institute for Food Science, CIAL, CSIC/Campus UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Glória Fernandez-Lorente
- Department of Biology, IBILCE/UNESP - Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - CEP, São José Do Rio Preto - SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Boscolo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP - Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - CEP, São José Do Rio Preto - SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Department of Biology, IBILCE/UNESP - Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - CEP, São José Do Rio Preto - SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE/UNESP - Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - CEP, São José Do Rio Preto - SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Alonso Bocchini
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, IQ/UNESP - Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 - CEP, Araraquara - SP, 14800-060, Brazil
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One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Mendez-Sanchez C, Lokha Y, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Effects of Enzyme Loading and Immobilization Conditions on the Catalytic Features of Lipase From Pseudomonas fluorescens Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32181245 PMCID: PMC7059646 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) has been immobilized on octyl-agarose beads under 16 different conditions (varying pH, ionic strength, buffer, adding some additives) at two different loadings, 1 and 60 mg of enzyme/g of support with the objective of check if this can alter the biocatalyst features. The activity of the biocatalysts versus p-nitrophenyl butyrate and triacetin and their thermal stability were studied. The different immobilization conditions produced biocatalysts with very different features. Considering the extreme cases, using 1 mg/g preparations, PFL stability changed more than fourfolds, while their activities versus pNPB or triacetin varied a 50-60%. Curiously, PFL specific activity versus triacetin was higher using highly enzyme loaded biocatalysts than using lowly loaded biocatalysts (even by a twofold factor). Moreover, stability of the highly loaded preparations was higher than that of the lowly loaded preparations, in many instances even when using 5°C higher temperatures (e.g., immobilized in the presence of calcium, the highly loaded biocatalysts maintained after 24 h at 75°c a 85% of the initial activity, while the lowly loaded preparation maintained only 27% at 70°C). Using the highly loaded preparations, activity of the different biocatalysts versus pNPB varied almost 1.7-folds and versus triacetin 1.9-folds. In this instance, the changes in stability caused by the immobilization conditions were much more significant, some preparations were almost fully inactivated under conditions where the most stable one maintained more than 80% of the initial activity. Results suggested that immobilization conditions greatly affected the properties of the immobilized PFL, partially by individual molecule different conformation (observed using lowly loaded preparations) but much more relevantly using highly loaded preparations, very likely by altering some enzyme-enzyme intermolecular interactions. There is not an optimal biocatalyst considering all parameters. That way, preparation of biocatalysts using this support may be a powerful tool to tune enzyme features, if carefully controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arana-Peña
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia S. Rios
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mendez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Lokha
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Covalent Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Epichlorohydrin-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles: Enantioselective Hydrolysis Studies of Some Racemic Esters and HPLC Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1411-1431. [PMID: 32103473 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new biocatalyst was prepared by immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase epichlorohydrin-functionalized onto the surface of the nanoparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles were obtained by chemical co-precipitation method of Fe2+ and Fe3+, and then the prepared uncoated and coated nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and TGA. Lipase was covalently attached to activated nanoparticles. The catalytic properties of free and immobilized lipases were determined. It was found that the optimum temperature for free and immobilized lipases was 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The optimum pH values were found to be 7.0 and 8 for free and immobilized lipases, respectively. Immobilized lipase was found to retain significant activity even after the seventh use. In the final section of the study, optically pure compounds were obtained by carrying out the enantioselective hydrolysis studies of racemic esters by using immobilized lipase. Enantiomeric excesses of the products in the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ibuprofen and naproxen methyl ester and racemic butyl mandelate were determined to be 94.93, 77.30 and 68.15, respectively.
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