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Díaz F, Aguilar F, Wellmann M, Martorell A, González-Arancibia C, Chacana-Véliz L, Negrón-Oyarzo I, Chávez AE, Fuenzalida M, Nualart F, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Bonansco C. Enhanced Astrocyte Activity and Excitatory Synaptic Function in the Hippocampus of Pentylenetetrazole Kindling Model of Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14506. [PMID: 37833953 PMCID: PMC10572460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. The interaction between astrocytes and neurons has been suggested to play a role in the abnormal neuronal activity observed in epilepsy. However, the exact way astrocytes influence neuronal activity in the epileptogenic brain remains unclear. Here, using the PTZ-induced kindling mouse model, we evaluated the interaction between astrocyte and synaptic function by measuring astrocytic Ca2+ activity, neuronal excitability, and the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the hippocampus. Compared to control mice, hippocampal slices from PTZ-kindled mice displayed an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and an abnormal pattern of intracellular Ca2+-oscillations, characterized by an increased frequency of prolonged spontaneous transients. PTZ-kindled hippocampal slices also showed an increase in the E/I ratio towards excitation, likely resulting from an augmented release probability of excitatory inputs without affecting inhibitory synapses. Notably, the alterations in the release probability seen in PTZ-kindled slices can be recovered by reducing astrocyte hyperactivity with the reversible toxin fluorocitrate. This suggests that astroglial hyper-reactivity enhances excitatory synaptic transmission, thereby impacting the E/I balance in the hippocampus. Altogether, our findings support the notion that abnormal astrocyte-neuron interactions are pivotal mechanisms in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Díaz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2580022, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Freddy Aguilar
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Mario Wellmann
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Andrés Martorell
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar 2561780, Chile
| | - Camila González-Arancibia
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Lorena Chacana-Véliz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrés E. Chávez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIOBIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
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Acerbo E, Jegou A, Luff C, Dzialecka P, Botzanowski B, Missey F, Ngom I, Lagarde S, Bartolomei F, Cassara A, Neufeld E, Jirsa V, Carron R, Grossman N, Williamson A. Focal non-invasive deep-brain stimulation with temporal interference for the suppression of epileptic biomarkers. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:945221. [PMID: 36061593 PMCID: PMC9431367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.945221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurostimulation applied from deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes is an effective therapeutic intervention in patients suffering from intractable drug-resistant epilepsy when resective surgery is contraindicated or failed. Inhibitory DBS to suppress seizures and associated epileptogenic biomarkers could be performed with high-frequency stimulation (HFS), typically between 100 and 165 Hz, to various deep-seated targets, such as the Mesio-temporal lobe (MTL), which leads to changes in brain rhythms, specifically in the hippocampus. The most prominent alterations concern high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), namely an increase in ripples, a reduction in pathological Fast Ripples (FRs), and a decrease in pathological interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Materials and methods In the current study, we use Temporal Interference (TI) stimulation to provide a non-invasive DBS (130 Hz) of the MTL, specifically the hippocampus, in both mouse models of epilepsy, and scale the method using human cadavers to demonstrate the potential efficacy in human patients. Simulations for both mice and human heads were performed to calculate the best coordinates to reach the hippocampus. Results This non-invasive DBS increases physiological ripples, and decreases the number of FRs and IEDs in a mouse model of epilepsy. Similarly, we show the inability of 130 Hz transcranial current stimulation (TCS) to achieve similar results. We therefore further demonstrate the translatability to human subjects via measurements of the TI stimulation vs. TCS in human cadavers. Results show a better penetration of TI fields into the human hippocampus as compared with TCS. Significance These results constitute the first proof of the feasibility and efficiency of TI to stimulate at depth an area without impacting the surrounding tissue. The data tend to show the sufficiently focal character of the induced effects and suggest promising therapeutic applications in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Acerbo
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Aude Jegou
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Luff
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Dzialecka
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Botzanowski
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Missey
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Ibrahima Ngom
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Stanislas Lagarde
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
- Department of Epileptology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
- Department of Epileptology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Antonino Cassara
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esra Neufeld
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
- Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Nir Grossman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Williamson
- Aix Marseille University:, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Adam Williamson, ;
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Custodio V, Acosta J, Rubio C, Hernández L, Brito J, Taddei E. Accurate Neurosurgery for the Establishment of the Electric Kindling Model of Epilepsy in Mice. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2032488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Custodio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Jorge Acosta
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Leonardo Hernández
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Javier Brito
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Elisa Taddei
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
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Acerbo E, Safieddine S, Weber P, Botzanowski B, Missey F, Carrère M, Gross RE, Bartolomei F, Carron R, Jirsa V, Vanzetta I, Trébuchon A, Williamson A. Non-thermal Electroporation Ablation of Epileptogenic Zones Stops Seizures in Mice While Providing Reduced Vascular Damage and Accelerated Tissue Recovery. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:774999. [PMID: 35002646 PMCID: PMC8740210 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.774999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In epilepsy, the most frequent surgical procedure is the resection of brain tissue in the temporal lobe, with seizure-free outcomes in approximately two-thirds of cases. However, consequences of surgery can vary strongly depending on the brain region targeted for removal, as surgical morbidity and collateral damage can lead to significant complications, particularly when bleeding and swelling are located near delicate functional cortical regions. Although focal thermal ablations are well-explored in epilepsy as a minimally invasive approach, hemorrhage and edema can be a consequence as the blood-brain barrier is still disrupted. Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE), common in many other medical tissue ablations outside the brain, is a relatively unexplored method for the ablation of neural tissue, and has never been reported as a means for ablation of brain tissue in the context of epilepsy. Here, we present a detailed visualization of non-thermal ablation of neural tissue in mice and report that NTIRE successfully ablates epileptic foci in mice, resulting in seizure-freedom, while causing significantly less hemorrhage and edema compared to conventional thermal ablation. The NTIRE approach to ablation preserves the blood-brain barrier while pathological circuits in the same region are destroyed. Additionally, we see the reinnervation of fibers into ablated brain regions from neighboring areas as early as day 3 after ablation. Our evidence demonstrates that NTIRE could be utilized as a precise tool for the ablation of surgically challenging epileptogenic zones in patients where the risk of complications and hemorrhage is high, allowing not only reduced tissue damage but potentially accelerated recovery as vessels and extracellular matrix remain intact at the point of ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Acerbo
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sawssan Safieddine
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Weber
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Botzanowski
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Missey
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marcel Carrère
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ivo Vanzetta
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Trébuchon
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Adam Williamson
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Missey F, Rusina E, Acerbo E, Botzanowski B, Trébuchon A, Bartolomei F, Jirsa V, Carron R, Williamson A. Orientation of Temporal Interference for Non-invasive Deep Brain Stimulation in Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:633988. [PMID: 34163317 PMCID: PMC8216218 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.633988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy, electrical stimulation from intracranial electrodes is frequently used for the localization of seizure onset zones and related pathological networks. The ability of electrically stimulated tissue to generate beta and gamma range oscillations, called rapid-discharges, is a frequent indication of an epileptogenic zone. However, a limit of intracranial stimulation is the fixed physical location and number of implanted electrodes, leaving numerous clinically and functionally relevant brain regions unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an alternative technique relying exclusively on non-penetrating surface electrodes, namely an orientation-tunable form of temporally interfering (TI) electric fields to target the CA3 of the mouse hippocampus which focally evokes seizure-like events (SLEs) having the characteristic frequencies of rapid-discharges, but without the necessity of the implanted electrodes. The orientation of the topical electrodes with respect to the orientation of the hippocampus is demonstrated to strongly control the threshold for evoking SLEs. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of Pulse-width-modulation of square waves as an alternative to sine waves for TI stimulation. An orientation-dependent analysis of classic implanted electrodes to evoke SLEs in the hippocampus is subsequently utilized to support the results of the minimally invasive temporally interfering fields. The principles of orientation-tunable TI stimulation seen here can be generally applicable in a wide range of other excitable tissues and brain regions, overcoming several limitations of fixed electrodes which penetrate tissue and overcoming several limitations of other non-invasive stimulation methods in epilepsy, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Missey
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Evgeniia Rusina
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Emma Acerbo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Botzanowski
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Trébuchon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France.,Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Adam Williamson
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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6
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Vibholm AK, Landau AM, Møller A, Jacobsen J, Vang K, Munk OL, Orlowski D, Sørensen JC, Brooks DJ. NMDA receptor ion channel activation detected in vivo with [ 18F]GE-179 PET after electrical stimulation of rat hippocampus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1301-1312. [PMID: 32960687 PMCID: PMC8142139 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20954928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]GE-179 binds to the phencyclidine (PCP) site in the open N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ion channel (NMDAR-IC). To demonstrate that PET can visualise increased [18F]GE-179 uptake by active NMDAR-ICs and that this can be blocked by the PCP antagonist S-ketamine, 15 rats had an electrode unilaterally implanted in their ventral hippocampus. Seven rats had no stimulation, five received pulsed 400 µA supra-threshold 60 Hz stimulation alone, and three received intravenous S-ketamine injection prior to stimulation. Six other rats were not implanted. Each rat had a 90 min [18F]GE-179 PET scan. Stimulated rats had simultaneous depth-EEG recordings of induced seizure activity. [18F]GE-179 uptake (volume of distribution, VT) was compared between hemispheres and between groups. Electrical stimulation induced a significant increase in [18F]GE-179 uptake at the electrode site compared to the contralateral hippocampus (mean 22% increase in VT, p = 0.0014) and to non-stimulated comparator groups. Rats injected with S-ketamine prior to stimulation maintained non-stimulated levels of [18F]GE-179 uptake during stimulation. In conclusion, PET visualisation of focal [18F]GE-179 uptake during electrically activated NMDAR-ICs and the demonstration of specificity for PCP sites by blockade with S-ketamine support the in vivo utility of [18F]GE-179 PET as a use-dependent marker of NMDAR-IC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Vibholm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Jacobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole L Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and CENSE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Ch Sørensen
- Department of Neurosurgery and CENSE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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7
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González-Trujano ME, Contreras-Murillo G, López-Najera CA, Hidalgo-Flores FJ, Navarrete-Castro A, Sánchez CG, Magdaleno-Madrigal VM. Anticonvulsant activity of Valeriana edulis roots and valepotriates on the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113299. [PMID: 32841694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For many centuries, Mexican Valerian (Valeriana edulis ssp. procera) has been an important plant in folk medicine. It has been considered useful to control epilepsy; however, electroencephalographic evidence of its anticonvulsant activity is missing in literature. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, in situ electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis was performed along with administration of a crude ethanol extract of V. edulis and its valepotriate fraction on the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsive behavior in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed using male Wistar rats with nail-shaped electrodes implanted in the frontal and parietal cortices for EEG recording. All animals received a single dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) to test the anticonvulsant activity of V. edulis crude extract and valepotriate fraction (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 and/or 30 min after administration. EEG recordings were obtained from the cortices and were evaluated to assess ictal behavior over 60-75 min. Chromatographic analysis of the valepotriate fraction and in silico predictions of pharmacodynamic properties were also explored. The latency, frequency and duration of seizures evaluated using EEG recordings from the frontal and parietal cortices of rats showed significant changes demonstrating the inhibition of paroxystic activity. RESULTS The spectral analysis confirmed the reduction of excitatory activity induced by V. edulis extract, which was improved in the presence of the valepotriate fraction as compared to that induced by ethosuximide (a reference anticonvulsant drug). The presence of valepotriates such as: isodihydrovaltrate (18.99%), homovaltrate (13.51%), 10-acetoxy-valtrathydrin (4%) and valtrate (1.34%) was identified by chromatographic analysis. Whereas, not only GABAA receptor participation but also the cannabinoid CB2 receptor was found to be likely involved in the anticonvulsant mechanism of action after in silico prediction. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the anticonvulsant properties attributed to this plant in folk medicine, due to the presence of valepotriates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Contreras-Murillo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Andrea López-Najera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Josué Hidalgo-Flores
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete-Castro
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Concepción Gamboa Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Magdaleno-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Chou P, Wang GH, Hsueh SW, Yang YC, Kuo CC. Delta-Frequency Augmentation and Synchronization in Seizure Discharges and Telencephalic Transmission. iScience 2020; 23:101666. [PMID: 33134896 PMCID: PMC7586134 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures constitute a common neurological disease primarily diagnosed by characteristic rhythms or waves in the local field potentials (LFPs) of cerebral cortices or electroencephalograms. With a basolateral amygdala (BLA) kindling model, we found that the dominant frequency of BLA oscillations is in the delta range (1-5 Hz) in both normal and seizure conditions. Multi-unit discharges are increased with higher seizure staging but remain phase-locked to the delta waves in LFPs. Also, the change in synchrony precedes and outlasts the changes in discharging units as well as behavioral seizures. One short train of stimuli readily drives the pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal networks in BLA slices into prolonged reverberating activities, where the burst and interburst intervals may concurrently set a "natural wavelength" for delta frequencies. Seizures thus could be viewed as erroneous temporospatial continuums to normal oscillations in a system with a built-in synchronizing and resonating nature for information relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chou
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Aquilino MS, Whyte-Fagundes P, Lukewich MK, Zhang L, Bardakjian BL, Zoidl GR, Carlen PL. Pannexin-1 Deficiency Decreases Epileptic Activity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207510. [PMID: 33053775 PMCID: PMC7589538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pannexin-1 (Panx1) is suspected of having a critical role in modulating neuronal excitability and acute neurological insults. Herein, we assess the changes in behavioral and electrophysiological markers of excitability associated with Panx1 via three distinct models of epilepsy. Methods Control and Panx1 knockout C57Bl/6 mice of both sexes were monitored for their behavioral and electrographic responses to seizure-generating stimuli in three epilepsy models—(1) systemic injection of pentylenetetrazol, (2) acute electrical kindling of the hippocampus and (3) neocortical slice exposure to 4-aminopyridine. Phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling was used to assess changes in an epileptogenic state resulting from Panx1 deletion. Results: Seizure activity was suppressed in Panx1 knockouts and by application of Panx1 channel blockers, Brilliant Blue-FCF and probenecid, across all epilepsy models. In response to pentylenetetrazol, WT mice spent a greater proportion of time experiencing severe (stage 6) seizures as compared to Panx1-deficient mice. Following electrical stimulation of the hippocampal CA3 region, Panx1 knockouts had significantly shorter evoked afterdischarges and were resistant to kindling. In response to 4-aminopyridine, neocortical field recordings in slices of Panx1 knockout mice showed reduced instances of electrographic seizure-like events. Cross-frequency coupling analysis of these field potentials highlighted a reduced coupling of excitatory delta–gamma and delta-HF rhythms in the Panx1 knockout. Significance: These results suggest that Panx1 plays a pivotal role in maintaining neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy models and that genetic or pharmacological targeting of Panx1 has anti-convulsant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Aquilino
- IBME, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (B.L.B.); (P.L.C.)
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada; (M.K.L.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paige Whyte-Fagundes
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (P.W.-F.); (G.R.Z.)
| | - Mark K. Lukewich
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada; (M.K.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada; (M.K.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Berj L. Bardakjian
- IBME, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (B.L.B.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Georg R. Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (P.W.-F.); (G.R.Z.)
| | - Peter L. Carlen
- IBME, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (B.L.B.); (P.L.C.)
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada; (M.K.L.); (L.Z.)
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Riquelme J, Wellmann M, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Bonansco C. Gliotransmission: A Novel Target for the Development of Antiseizure Drugs. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:293-309. [PMID: 31976817 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420901474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, epilepsy has remained an incapacitating neurological disorder with a high incidence worldwide. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of epilepsy without an effective pharmacological treatment. An increase in excitability and hypersynchrony of electrical neuronal activity during development are typically associated with an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the neuronal network. Astrocytes release gliotransmitters, which can regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission; therefore, the classical neurocentric vision of the cellular basis of epileptogenesis has begun to change. Growing evidence suggests that the key contribution of astrocyte-to-neuron signaling in the mechanisms underlies the initiation, propagation, and recurrence of seizure activity. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence obtained from experimental models that suggest how alterations in astroglial modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal activity contribute to the development of this brain disease. In this article, we will summarize the main pharmacological, Ca2+-imaging, and electrophysiological findings in the gliotransmitter-mediated modulation of neuronal activity and their possible regulation as a novel cellular target for the development of pharmacological strategies for treating refractory epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Riquelme
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Wellmann
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Jalilifar M, Yadollahpour A, Moazedi AA, Ghotbeddin Z. Quantitative Analysis of the Antiepileptogenic Effects of Low Frequency Stimulation Applied Prior or After Kindling Stimulation in Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:711. [PMID: 29967583 PMCID: PMC6016317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Developing quantitative measures based on spectral analysis of electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings of neural activities plays an important role in developing efficient treatments for epilepsy. Such biomarkers can be used for developing open or closed loop approaches for seizure prediction or prevention. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate antiepileptogenic effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) applied immediately before or after kindling stimulations using spectral power analysis of extracellular EEG in rat. Methods: Nineteen adult rats were used: seven for kindle, six for LFS+Kindle (LFSK) and six for Kindle+LFS (KLFS). Four packages of LFS (1Hz) were applied immediately before or after rapid kindling stimulations. The power spectral densities of afterdischarge (AD) sections of EEG corresponding to different stages of kindling for delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-28 Hz), gamma (28-40 Hz) sub-bands, and theta/alpha ratio were comparatively investigated. Moreover, correlation between AD duration (ADD) and its different frequency components was calculated. Results: Both LFSK and KLFS significantly increased delta and reduced beta and gamma oscillations, compared with kindle group. However, just the reduction in LFSK group was significant. Both protocols increased theta/alpha ratio, but just LFSK showed significant increase (p < 0.05). Although LFSK enhanced theta/alpha ratio more than KLFS, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, strong correlation between each frequency sub band and ADD was not observed in kindle and LFS treated groups (both LFSK and KLFS). Conclusion: Although behavioral assessments showed relatively the same level of antiepileptogenic effects for KLFS and LFSK, quantitative assessments showed more significant differences in the quantitative measures between the two protocols. Developing more quantitative EEG based measures correlated with LFS-induced effects can facilitate developing open or closed loop seizure prevention modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jalilifar
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Moazedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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González-Trujano ME, Martínez-González CL, Flores-Carrillo M, Luna-Nophal SI, Contreras-Murillo G, Magdaleno-Madrigal VM. Behavioral and electroencephalographic evaluation of the anticonvulsive activity of Moringa oleifera leaf non-polar extracts and one metabolite in PTZ-induced seizures. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:1-9. [PMID: 29433669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGORUND Moringa oleifera Lamarck is a species that has long been used in high demand in folk medicine, including for the treatment of epilepsy. Nevertheless, scientific studies demonstrating its anticonvulsant properties and the nature of the bioactive constituents are lacking. HYPOTHESIS/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activities of the Moringa oleifera leaves in non-polar vs. polar extracts using behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) analyses in rodents. METHODS First, PTZ (80 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic-clonic seizures were assayed via a dose-response (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, i.p.) evaluation in mice. Then, a dosage of the extracts (100 or 300 mg/kg) and one metabolite (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was selected to evaluate its effect on PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced EEG paroxystic activities in rats compared to the effects of ethosuximide (reference anticonvulsant drug, 100 mg/kg, i.p.). Latent onset of the first paroxystic spike, first seizure and frequency as well as seizure severity, were determined using Racine's scale. RESULTS Moringa oleifera ethanol and hexane extracts produced a delay in the seizure latency in mice and rats; this effect was improved in the presence of the hexane extract containing the active metabolite hexadecanoic acid. The anticonvulsant effects were corroborated in the spectral analysis by the potency of the EEG due to a reduction in the spike frequency and amplitude, as well as in the duration and severity of the seizures. The effects of the hexane extract resembled those observed in the reference antiepileptic drug ethosuximide. CONCLUSION Moringa oleifera leaves possess anticonvulsant activities due to the complementary of the non-polar and polar constituents. However, the non-polar constituents appear to exert an important influence via the partial participation of fatty acids, providing evidence of the effects of this plant in epilepsy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Ciudad de México 14370, México
| | - Claudia Lizbeth Martínez-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Mecánica y Eléctrica (ESIME) Zacatenco. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, México
| | - Maricela Flores-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Ciudad de México 14370, México
| | - Sara Ibeth Luna-Nophal
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Ciudad de México 14370, México
| | - Gerardo Contreras-Murillo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Ciudad de México 14370, México
| | - Víctor Manuel Magdaleno-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Ciudad de México 14370, México.
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Quantitative assessments of extracellular EEG to classify specific features of main phases of seizure acquisition based on kindling model in Rat. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Spike densities of the amygdala and neocortex reflect progression of kindled motor seizures. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 56:99-112. [PMID: 28674781 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amygdala kindling is a common temporal lobe-like seizure model. In the present study, temporal and spectral analyses of the ictal period were investigated throughout amygdala kindling in response to different behavioral seizures. Right-side amygdala was kindled to induce epileptiform afterdischarges (ADs). ADs of both the frontal cortex and amygdala were analyzed. Powers of the low (0-9 Hz)- and high (12-30 Hz)-frequency bands in response to different behavioral seizures were calculated. Densities of upward and downward peaks of spikes, which reflected information of spike count and spike pattern, throughout kindle-induced ADs were calculated. Progression was seen in the temporal and spectral characteristics of amygdala-kindled ADs in response to behaviors. Numbers of significant differences of all 1-s AD segments between two Racine's seizure stages were significantly higher in upward and downward indexes of the temporal spike than those using the spectral method in both the amygdala and neocortex. Ability for distinguishing seizure stages was significantly higher in temporal spike density of amygdala ADs compared to those of frontal ADs. Our results showed that amygdala kindling caused spectrotemporal changes of activities in the amygdala and frontal cortex. The density of spike-related peaks had better distinguishability in response to behavioral seizures, particularly in a seizure zone of amygdala. The present study provides a new temporal index of spike's peak density to understand progression of motor seizures in the kindling process.
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Classifying amygdala kindling stages using quantitative assessments of extracellular recording of EEG in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:148-155. [PMID: 27659238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining different seizure stage specific features in a kindling model is a crucial step in developing efficient objective techniques for early prediction and treatment of seizures. This study identified and categorized kindling stages based on their electrophysiological features through processing extracellular field potentials of Amygdala rapid kindling. METHODS Thirteen Wistar rats (200±10g) were divided into 2 groups including kindle (n=7) and sham (n=6) and respectively underwent an amygdala rapid kindling and placebo stimulation. EEG signals in each stage were classified into 7 bands: delta (0-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha (8-12Hz), low beta (12-16Hz), mid beta (16-20Hz), high beta (20-28Hz) and gamma (28-40Hz). Spectral power and power of sub bands of stage 3 (localized seizure stage (SS)) and stages 4 and 5 (generalized SSs) were compared between kindling and sham groups. RESULT Spectral analyses showed larger spikes in delta and theta subbands in the stages of 3, 4, and 5 of kindling, compared with sham animals. Generalized SSs contained more spikes than the localized SS in the kindling. Kindling process was accompanied by reduction in high beta and gamma oscillations and increase in delta sub band power which were significant in the generalized SSs. The theta/alpha ratio in the localized SS was higher than the generalized SSs and sham group, but the difference with the sham group was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results showed that reduced high beta and gamma and increased delta oscillations power are associated with behavioral seizure progression.
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Wang YL, Chen YL, Su AWY, Shaw FZ, Liang SF. Epileptic Pattern Recognition and Discovery of the Local Field Potential in Amygdala Kindling Process. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 24:374-85. [PMID: 26766378 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2512258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epileptogenesis, which occurs in an epileptic brain, is an important focus for epilepsy. The spectral analysis has been popularly applied to study the electrophysiological activities. However, the resolution is dominated by the window function of the algorithm used and the sample size. In this report, a temporal waveform analysis method is proposed to investigate the relationship of electrophysiological discharges and motor outcomes with a kindling process. Wistar rats were subjected to electrical amygdala kindling to induce temporal lobe epilepsy. During the kindling process, different morphologies of afterdischarges (ADs) were found and a recognition method, using template matching techniques combined with morphological comparators, was developed to automatically detect the epileptic patterns. The recognition results were compared to manually labeled results, and 79%-91% sensitivity was found. In addition, the initial ADs (the first 10 s) of different seizure stages were specifically utilized for recognition, and an average of 85% sensitivity was achieved. Our study provides an alternative viewpoint away from frequency analysis and time-frequency analysis to investigate epileptogenesis in an epileptic brain. The recognition method can be utilized as a preliminary inspection tool to identify remarkable changes in a patient's electrophysiological activities for clinical use. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of predicting behavioral seizure stages from the early epileptiform discharges.
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Bazan NG, Musto AE. What is the therapeutic potential of neuroprotectin D1 for epilepsy? FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alberto E. Musto
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Etemadi F, Sayyah M, Gholami Pourbadie H, Babapour V. Assessment of the Optimal Stimulus Pattern to Achieve Rapid Dorsal Hippocampal Kindling in Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2015; 6:107-12. [PMID: 27307955 PMCID: PMC4636877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although hippocampus is the most famous brain area involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal kindling (HK) develops very slowly. Hence, rapid kindling is usually preferred to the traditional kindling and it is widely used. In this article we aimed at finding the optimal stimulus pattern, which yields the fastest HK rate. METHODS Stimulus patterns with different duration (2, 3, 5 and 10 s) and inter-train interval (ITI) (5, 10 and 30 min) as well as number of trains in 24 h (8 and 12) were exerted to rats' dorsal hippocampus. The stimuli were continued until appearance of 3 consecutive generalized seizures or maximum 7 days stimulations. RESULTS While the protocol with train duration of 10 s and ITI of 30 min caused the fastest kindling rate and the most growth of afterdischarges, the protocol with train duration of 5 s and ITI of 5 min was the most time-consuming protocol among protocols tested. DISCUSSION Rapid HK develops with a time course of days compared to weeks in traditional kindling. Train duration and inter-train interval are key factors for rapid HK. Among the patterns, 12 trains/24h of 50Hz monophasic square wave with 10 s duration and 30 min interval between trains, is the best stimulus pattern for eliciting rapid dorsal HK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Etemadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Mohammad Sayyah, PhD, Address: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tel/Fax:+98 (21) 66968854, E-mail:
| | | | - Vahab Babapour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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Effects of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic episodes on late seizure outcomes in C57 black mice. Epilepsy Res 2015; 111:142-9. [PMID: 25769378 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined brain injury and seizures in adult C57 black mice (C57/BL6) that underwent neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) episodes. Mouse pups of 7 days-old underwent a ligation of the right common carotid artery and a subsequent hypoxic challenge (8% O2 for 45min). Post-HI mice were implanted with intracranial electrodes at 2-3 months of age, subjected to behavioral/EEG recordings and hippocampal electrical stimulation in next several months and then euthanized for brain histological assessments at ages of 11-12 months. Histological assessment revealed ipsilateral brain infarctions in 9 post-HI animals. Evident motor seizures were found to occur in only 2 animals with histologically identified cystic infarctions but not in the 21 post-HI animals with or without infarctions. In response to the hippocampal stimulation, post-HI animals were less prone than sham controls to evoked motor seizures. We thus suggest that adult C57 black mice may have low propensity of developing epileptic seizures following the neonatal HI episode. Our present observations may be relevant to future investigation of post-HI epileptogenesis in mouse models.
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Musto AE, Walker CP, Petasis NA, Bazan NG. Hippocampal neuro-networks and dendritic spine perturbations in epileptogenesis are attenuated by neuroprotectin d1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116543. [PMID: 25617763 PMCID: PMC4305283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limbic epileptogenesis triggers molecular and cellular events that foster the establishment of aberrant neuronal networks that, in turn, contribute to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here we have examined hippocampal neuronal network activities in the pilocarpine post-status epilepticus model of limbic epileptogenesis and asked whether or not the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived lipid mediator, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), modulates epileptogenesis. Methods Status epilepticus (SE) was induced by intraperitoneal administration of pilocarpine in adult male C57BL/6 mice. To evaluate simultaneous hippocampal neuronal networks, local field potentials were recorded from multi-microelectrode arrays (silicon probe) chronically implanted in the dorsal hippocampus. NPD1 (570 μg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally daily for five consecutive days 24 hours after termination of SE. Seizures and epileptiform activity were analyzed in freely-moving control and treated mice during epileptogenesis and epileptic periods. Then hippocampal dendritic spines were evaluated using Golgi-staining. Results We found brief spontaneous microepileptiform activity with high amplitudes in the CA1 pyramidal and stratum radiatum in epileptogenesis. These aberrant activities were attenuated following systemic NPD1 administration, with concomitant hippocampal dendritic spine protection. Moreover, NPD1 treatment led to a reduction in spontaneous recurrent seizures. Conclusions Our results indicate that NPD1 displays neuroprotective bioactivity on the hippocampal neuronal network ensemble that mediates aberrant circuit activity during epileptogenesis. Insight into the molecular signaling mediated by neuroprotective bioactivity of NPD1 on neuronal network dysfunction may contribute to the development of anti-epileptogenic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E. Musto
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NGB); (AEM)
| | - Chelsey P. Walker
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicos A. Petasis
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NGB); (AEM)
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Morales JC, Alvarez-Ferradas C, Roncagliolo M, Fuenzalida M, Wellmann M, Nualart FJ, Bonansco C. A new rapid kindling variant for induction of cortical epileptogenesis in freely moving rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:200. [PMID: 25100948 PMCID: PMC4107828 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindling, one of the most used models of experimental epilepsy is based on daily electrical stimulation in several brain structures. Unlike the classic or slow kindling protocols (SK), the rapid kindling types (RK) described until now require continuous stimulation at suprathreshold intensities applied directly to the same brain structure used for subsequent electrophysiological and immunohistochemical studies, usually the hippocampus. However, the cellular changes observed in these rapid protocols, such as astrogliosis and neuronal loss, could be due to experimental manipulation more than to epileptogenesis-related alterations. Here, we developed a new RK protocol in order to generate an improved model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) which allows gradual progression of the epilepsy as well as obtaining an epileptic hippocampus, thus avoiding direct surgical manipulation and electric stimulation over this structure. This new protocol consists of basolateral amygdala (BLA) stimulation with 10 trains of biphasic pulses (10 s; 50 Hz) per day with 20 min-intervals, during 3 consecutive days, using a subconvulsive and subthreshold intensity, which guarantees tissue integrity. The progression of epileptic activity was evaluated in freely moving rats through electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from cortex and amygdala, accompanied with synchronized video recordings. Moreover, we assessed the effectiveness of RK protocol and the establishment of epilepsy by evaluating cellular alterations of hippocampal slices from kindled rats. RK protocol induced convulsive states similar to SK protocols but in 3 days, with persistently lowered threshold to seizure induction and epileptogenic-dependent cellular changes in amygdala projection areas. We concluded that this novel RK protocol introduces a new variant of the chronic epileptogenesis models in freely moving rats, which is faster, highly reproducible and causes minimum cell damage with respect to that observed in other experimental models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Morales
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez-Ferradas
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel Roncagliolo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Wellmann
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisco Javier Nualart
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Células Madre, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
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22
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Pantoja-Jiménez CR, Magdaleno-Madrigal VM, Almazán-Alvarado S, Fernández-Mas R. Anti-epileptogenic effect of high-frequency stimulation in the thalamic reticular nucleus on PTZ-induced seizures. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:587-94. [PMID: 24794164 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation, specifically high-frequency stimulation (HFS), is an alternative and promising treatment for intractable epilepsies; however, the optimal targets are still unknown. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) occupies a key position in the modulation of the cortico-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways. OBJECTIVE We determined the efficacy of HFS in the TRN against tonic-clonic generalized seizures (TCGS) and status epilepticus (SE), which were induced by scheduled pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injections. METHODS Male Wistar rats were stereotactically implanted and assigned to three experimental groups: Control group, which received only PTZ injections; HFS-TRN group, which received HFS in the left TRN prior to PTZ injections; and HFS-Adj group, which received HFS in the left adjacent nuclei prior to PTZ injections. RESULTS The HFS-TRN group reported a significant increase in the latency for development of TCGS and SE compared with the HFS-Adj and Control groups (P < 0.009). The number of PTZ-doses required for SE was also significantly increased (P < 0.001). Spectral analysis revealed a significant decrease in the frequency band from 0.5 Hz to 4.5 Hz of the left motor cortex in the HFS-TRN and HFS-Adj groups, compared to the Control group. Conversely, HFS-TRN provoked a significant increase in all frequency bands in the TRN. EEG asynchrony was observed during spike-wave discharges by HFS-TRN. CONCLUSION These data indicate that HFS-TRN has an anti-epileptogenic effect and is able to modify seizure synchrony and interrupt abnormal EEG recruitment of thalamo-cortical and, indirectly, cortico-thalamic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Pantoja-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza-UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V M Magdaleno-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza-UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Almazán-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - R Fernández-Mas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
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23
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Flores-Mancilla LE, Hernández-González M, Guevara MA, Benavides-Haro DE, Martínez-Arteaga P. Long-term fish oil supplementation attenuates seizure activity in the amygdala induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid in adult male rats. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 33:126-34. [PMID: 24657504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have provided evidence of significant effects of omega-3 fatty acids on brain functionality, including seizures and disorders such as epilepsy. Fish oil (FO) is a marine product rich in unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. Considering that the amygdala is one of the brain structures most sensitive to seizure generation, we aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term chronic FO supplementation (from embryonic conception to adulthood) on the severity of seizures and amygdaloid electroencephalographic activity (EEG) in a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)-induced seizure model using adult rats. Female Wistar rats were fed a commercial diet supplemented daily with FO (300mg/kg) from puberty through mating, gestation, delivery, and weaning of the pups. Only the male pups were then fed daily with a commercial diet supplemented with the same treatment as the dam up to the age of 150days postpartum, when they were bilaterally implanted in the amygdala to record behavior and EEG activity before, during, and after seizures induced by administering 3-MPA. Results were compared with those obtained from rats supplemented with palm oil (PO) and rats treated with a vehicle (CTRL). The male rats treated with FO showed longer latency to seizure onset, fewer convulsive episodes, and attenuated severity compared those in the PO and CTRL groups according to the Racine scale. Moreover, long-term FO supplementation was associated with a reduction of the absolute power (AP) of the fast frequencies (12-25Hz) in the amygdala during the seizure periods. These findings support the idea that chronic supplementation with omega-3 of marine origin may have antiseizure properties as other studies have suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Flores-Mancilla
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Ejido la Escondida, CP 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - M Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo No. 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, CP 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo No. 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, CP 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - D E Benavides-Haro
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Ejido la Escondida, CP 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - P Martínez-Arteaga
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Ejido la Escondida, CP 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico
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24
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Jin M, Dai Y, Xu C, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen Z. Effects of meclofenamic acid on limbic epileptogenesis in mice kindling models. Neurosci Lett 2013; 543:110-4. [PMID: 23567745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The most avid goal for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) development today is to discover potential agents to prevent epilepsy or slow the process of epileptogenesis. Accumulating evidence reveals that gap junctions in the brain may be involved in epileptogenesis. Meclofenamic acid (MFA), a gap junction blocker, has not yet been applied in epileptogenic models to test whether it has antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying properties or not. In this study, we investigated the effects of MFA on limbic epileptogenesis in amygdaloid kindling and hippocampus rapid kindling models in mice. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 2 μl) administration of either dose of MFA (100 μM, 1mM or 100mM) 15 min prior daily kindling stimulus decreased seizure stage, shortened the after-discharge duration (ADD) and increased the number of stimulations required to elicit stage 5 seizure. MFA also prevented the establishment of post-kindling enhanced amygdala excitability, evident as the increase of afterdischarge threshold (ADT) compared with pre-kindling values. Furthermore, MFA retarded kindling acquisition in mice hippocampus rapid kindling model as well, which demonstrated that the antiepileptogenic effects of MFA were not specific to the amygdala but also occur in other limbic structures such as the hippocampus. Our results confirm that MFA can slow the limbic epileptogenesis in both amygdaloid kindling and hippocampus rapid kindling models, and indicate that MFA may be a potential drug that has antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Tsuchiya K, Kogure S. Spectral analysis of bilateral or alternate-site kindling-induced afterdischarges in the rabbit hippocampi. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:228-36. [PMID: 22578702 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Kindling is one of the popular animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study following the previous results obtained using unilateral hippocampal kindling (UK), we performed spectral analysis of bilateral or alternate-site kindling-induced afterdischarges (ADs) in the rabbit hippocampi. Eight and ten adult rabbits were used for bilateral kindling (BK) and alternate-site kindling (AK), respectively. Kindling stimuli consisted of a train of biphasic pulses (1ms duration each) of 50Hz for 1s, with suprathreshold intensity for AD. The stimulations were applied simultaneously to the bilateral hippocampi in the BK and were delivered to the right and left hippocampus once every 24h in the AK. Motor responses were classified into five stages according to the conventional criteria. All animals in BK as well as AK developed stage 5 convulsions. This contrasts to the result of UK (kindled: 50%; incomplete: 50%). We normalized power spectral density (PSD) and monitored the changes in the proportion of lower frequency band component (LFB: 0-9Hz) and the higher frequency band (HFB: 12-30Hz). BK animals showed a significantly large decrement (0.5 times, p<0.01) in LFB component at the final stage compared to the initial stage, but a very large increment (4.7 times) in HFB component. Likewise, AK animals exhibited a significantly large decrement (0.6 times, p<0.01) in LFB component at the final stage, but a very large increment (3.6 times) in HFB component. Correlation analyses were performed between the HFB component and AD duration, interictal discharge frequency, and behavioral stages during kindling progression. Very strong positive correlations were found in both kindling animals. Chronological spectral analysis of seizure discharges, resulting in a pattern of LFB decrement accompanied by HFB increment, is a convenient tool to investigate epileptic disorders and diagnose epileptic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Tsuchiya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236, Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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26
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Sfondouris JL, Quebedeaux TM, Holdgraf C, Musto AE. Combined process automation for large-scale EEG analysis. Comput Biol Med 2011; 42:129-34. [PMID: 22136696 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Epileptogenesis is a dynamic process producing increased seizure susceptibility. Electroencephalography (EEG) data provides information critical in understanding the evolution of epileptiform changes throughout epileptic foci. We designed an algorithm to facilitate efficient large-scale EEG analysis via linked automation of multiple data processing steps. Using EEG recordings obtained from electrical stimulation studies, the following steps of EEG analysis were automated: (1) alignment and isolation of pre- and post-stimulation intervals, (2) generation of user-defined band frequency waveforms, (3) spike-sorting, (4) quantification of spike and burst data and (5) power spectral density analysis. This algorithm allows for quicker, more efficient EEG analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Sfondouris
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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27
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Bazan NG, Musto AE, Knott EJ. Endogenous signaling by omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediators sustains homeostatic synaptic and circuitry integrity. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:216-22. [PMID: 21918832 PMCID: PMC3180614 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The harmony and function of the complex brain circuits and synapses are sustained mainly by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, neurotrophins, gene regulation, and factors, many of which are incompletely understood. A common feature of brain circuit components, such as dendrites, synaptic membranes, and other membranes of the nervous system, is that they are richly endowed in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main member of the omega-3 essential fatty acid family. DHA is avidly retained and concentrated in the nervous system and known to play a role in neuroprotection, memory, and vision. Only recently has it become apparent why the surprisingly rapid increases in free (unesterified) DHA pool size take place at the onset of seizures or brain injury. This phenomenon began to be clarified by the discovery of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), the first-uncovered bioactive docosanoid formed from free DHA through 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1). NPD1 synthesis includes, as agonists, oxidative stress and neurotrophins. The evolving concept is that DHA-derived docosanoids set in motion endogenous signaling to sustain homeostatic synaptic and circuit integrity. NPD1 is anti-inflammatory, displays inflammatory resolving activities, and induces cell survival, which is in contrast to the pro-inflammatory actions of the many of omega-6 fatty acid family members. We highlight here studies relevant to the ability of DHA to sustain neuronal function and protect synapses and circuits in the context of DHA signalolipidomics. DHA signalolipidomics comprises the integration of the cellular/tissue mechanism of DHA uptake, its distribution among cellular compartments, the organization and function of membrane domains containing DHA phospholipids, and the precise cellular and molecular events revealed by the uncovering of signaling pathways regulated by docosanoids endowed with prohomeostatic and cell survival bioactivity. Therefore, this approach offers emerging targets for prevention, pharmaceutical intervention, and clinical translation involving DHA-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA,
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28
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Musto AE, Gjorstrup P, Bazan NG. The omega-3 fatty acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 limits hippocampal hyperexcitability and seizure susceptibility in kindling epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2011; 52:1601-8. [PMID: 21569016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy, one of the most common epilepsy syndromes, is characterized by hippocampal hyperexcitability and progressive seizure susceptibility. Omega-3 fatty acids are involved in neuronal excitability and have anticonvulsant properties. We studied the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or its derived lipid mediator, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1, 10R,17S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid), in evoked seizures using a rapid kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS DHA or NPD1 was administered in rodents with or without kindling acquisition. Locomotor seizures and evoked epileptiform hippocampal activity immediately after hippocampal stimulations were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS DHA or NPD1 limits hippocampal electrically induced hyperexcitability. Seizures induced by kindling triggered NPD1 synthesis in the hippocampus. Supplying its precursor, DHA, or direct injection of NPD1 into the third ventricle resulted in attenuation of kindling progression and hippocampal hyperexcitability. SIGNIFICANCE The significance of NPD1 in temporal lobe epilepsy could open new pathways for understanding the initiation and propagation of seizures and the role this lipid mediator plays in the neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E Musto
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Tsuchiya K, Kogure S. Fast Fourier transformation analysis of kindling-induced afterdischarge in the rabbit hippocampus. Epilepsy Res 2011; 95:144-51. [PMID: 21498048 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kindling is a widely used animal model of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study, we performed fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis of kindling-induced afterdischarge (AD) in the rabbit hippocampus. Ten adult rabbits were used. Kindling stimulation to the right hippocampus was delivered as a train of biphasic pulses (1 ms duration each) of 50 Hz for 1s, with suprathreshold intensity for AD. Motor responses were classified into five stages according to the conventional criteria. Of 10 animals, five developed stage 5 convulsions with a mean of 21 stimulations (kindled (K) group), while the remaining five animals did not (incomplete kindling (IK) group). We standardized each ratio of power spectral density of lower frequency band component (LFB: 0-9 Hz) and the higher frequency band (HFB: 12-30 Hz) in the initial stage as 1.0. The IK group exhibited small decrements (0.99 and 0.94 times) in LFB and HFB components at the final stage. In contrast, the K group exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) large decrement (0.49 times) in the LFB component and a very large increment (4.45 times) of HFB component at the final stage. Correlation analyses were performed between alteration of power spectral density ratio of the HFB component and AD duration, interictal discharge frequency, and behavioral stage during kindling progression. Fairly strong positive correlations were found in all cases in the K group. FFT analysis of kindling-induced AD demonstrated an important role of the HFB component: enhancement of the HFB component is associated with kindled stage, while decrement of it is associated with incomplete kindling stage. These findings suggest that FFT analysis of stimulus-induced and spontaneous seizure discharges is useful for examination of the progression of epileptic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Tsuchiya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Musto AE, Samii M. Platelet-activating factor receptor antagonism targets neuroinflammation in experimental epilepsy. Epilepsia 2011; 52:551-61. [PMID: 21204830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with the inflammatory process related to the basic mechanisms that lead to seizure susceptibility and brain damage. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent, short-lived phospholipid mediator of inflammation, participates in physiologic signaling in the brain. However, after seizures, PAF accumulates in the brain and activates intracellular signaling related with inflammation-mediated excitotoxicity and hippocampal hyperexcitability. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of PAF antagonism on hippocampal hyperexcitability, seizure susceptibility, and neuroprotection using the kindling paradigm and pilocarpine-induced seizure damage models. METHODS The PAF antagonist, LAU-0901 (60 mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle, was administrated each day of kindling or daily during the 4 weeks after status epilepticus (SE). We analyzed seizure severity, electrical activity, cellular damage, and inflammation in the hippocampi of both treated groups. KEY FINDINGS LAU-0901 limits the progression of kindling and attenuates seizure susceptibility 1 week after the kindling procedure. In addition, under the seizure-damage conditions studied here, we observed that LAU-0901 induces hippocampal neuroprotection and limits somatostatin interneuronal cell loss and inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that modulation of PAF overactivity attenuates seizure susceptibility, hippocampal hyperexcitability, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E Musto
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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