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Rastogi A, Chaudhary S, Tiwari MK, Ghangrekar MM. Ibuprofen degradation by mixed bacterial consortia: Metabolic pathway and microbial community analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142354. [PMID: 38759812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Degradation of ibuprofen, one of the most consumed drugs globally, by a mixed bacterial consortium was investigated. A contaminated hospital soil was used to enrich a bacterial consortium possessing the ability to degrade 4 mg/L ibuprofen in 6 days, fed on 6 mM acetate as a supplementary carbon source. Maximum ibuprofen degradation achieved was 99.51%, and for optimum ibuprofen degradation modelled statistically, the initial ibuprofen concentration, and temperature were determined to be 0.515 mg/L and 35 °C, respectively. The bacterial community analyses demonstrated an enrichment of Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Bacillus, and Enterococcus in the presence of ibuprofen, suggesting their probable association with the biodegradation process. The biodegradation pathway developed using open-source metabolite predictors, GLORYx and BioTransformer suggested multiple degradation routes. Hydroxylation and oxidation were found to be the major mechanisms in ibuprofen degradation. Mono-hydroxylated metabolites were identified as well as predicted by the bioinformatics-based packages. Oxidation, dehydrogenation, super-hydroxylation, and hydrolysis were some other identified mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rastogi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Commerce, Arts and Science, Patna, 800020, India.
| | - M K Tiwari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India; School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Melefa TD, Hinmikaiye FF, Andong FA, Echude DE, Ali D, Alarifi S, Abara PN, Nwani CD. Biomorphometric and hematobiochemical alterations in the juvenile african catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to propranolol. BMC ZOOL 2024; 9:11. [PMID: 38902830 PMCID: PMC11188512 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-024-00196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Propranolol (PRO) is a beta-blocker drug used for the treatment of anxiety, chest pain, migraine and tremors. The present study investigated whether sublethal concentrations of PRO have effects on the body condition, biochemistry, and hematology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of the drug, which was established through an acute toxicity study, was 9.48 mg/L. Based on these values, the fish were exposed for 21 days to the control and sublethal concentrations of 1.90, 0.95, and 0.63 mg/L, which are equivalent to the 1/5th, 1/10th, and 1/20th of the LC50 of PRO, respectively. After 21 days of exposure, the fish were removed from the toxicant and kept in toxicant-free water for 7 days to recover. The standard length and body weight of each fish were measured after each exposure period. The condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were not significantly affected by the drug. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) count and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased from day 7 to 21 at the tested concentrations, while the white blood cell (WBC) count significantly increased. There were alterations in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in the exposed groups compared to those in the control group. When neutrophil counts increased, the lymphocyte counts decreased, but the monocyte, basophil cell and eosinophil cell counts were not affected. Among the liver enzymes, only aspartate aminotransferase was significantly stimulated in the groups that were exposed to the drug. The protein and glucose levels of fish exposed to the drug decreased. Most of the studied parameters returned to their original values after the 7-day recovery period. The information provided in the current study will be helpful in the monitoring of PRO contamination in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope D Melefa
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Felix A Andong
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Daniel E Echude
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, PO Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, PO Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Christopher D Nwani
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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Sibiya A, Selvaraj C, Singh SK, Baskaralingam V. Toxicological study on ibuprofen and selenium in freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis and exploring the microbial cytochrome through modelling and quantum mechanics approaches for its toxicity degradation in contaminated environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119331. [PMID: 38851371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Toxicological stress in aquatic organisms is caused by the discharge of hundreds of toxic pollutants and contaminants among which the current study concentrates on the toxic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBF) and the trace element selenium (Se). In this study, IBF and Se toxicity on freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis was studied for 14 days, and in silico predictions for their degradation were made using Molecular modelling and Quantum Mechanical approaches. The degrading propensity of cytochrome c oxidase proteins from Trametes verticillatus and Thauera selenatis (Turkey tail fungi and Gram-negative bacteria) is examined into atom level. The results of molecular modelling study indicate that ionic interactions occur in the T. selenatis-HEME bound complex by Se interacting directly with HEME, and in the T. versicolor-HEME bound complex by IBF bound to a nearby region of HEME. Experimental and theoretical findings suggest that, the toxicological effects of Se and IBF pollution can be reduced by bioremediation with special emphasis on T. versicolor, and T. selenatis, which can effectively interact with Se and IBF present in the environment and degrade them. Besides, this is the first time in freshwater mussel L. marginalis that ibuprofen and selenium toxicity have been studied utilizing both experimental and computational methodologies for their bioremediation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- CsrDD LAB, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- CADD and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yang W, Bu Q, Shi Q, Zhao R, Huang H, Yang L, Tang J, Ma Y. Emerging Contaminants in the Effluent of Wastewater Should Be Regulated: Which and to What Extent? TOXICS 2024; 12:309. [PMID: 38787088 PMCID: PMC11125804 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Effluent discharged from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major source of emerging contaminants (ECs) requiring effective regulation. To this end, we collected discharge datasets of pharmaceuticals (PHACs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), representing two primary categories of ECs, from Chinese WWTP effluent from 2012 to 2022 to establish an exposure database. Moreover, high-risk ECs' long-term water quality criteria (LWQC) were derived using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. A total of 140 ECs (124 PHACs and 16 EDCs) were identified, with concentrations ranging from N.D. (not detected) to 706 μg/L. Most data were concentrated in coastal regions and Gansu, with high ecological risk observed in Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, and Hong Kong. Using the assessment factor (AF) method, 18 high-risk ECs requiring regulation were identified. However, only three of them, namely carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and bisphenol-A, met the derivation requirements of the SSD method. The LWQC for these three ECs were determined as 96.4, 1010, and 288 ng/L, respectively. Exposure data for carbamazepine and bisphenol-A surpassed their derived LWQC, indicating a need for heightened attention to these contaminants. This study elucidates the occurrence and risks of ECs in Chinese WWTPs and provides theoretical and data foundations for EC management in urban sewage facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qianhui Shi
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Ruiqing Zhao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Mikula P, Hollerova A, Hodkovicova N, Doubkova V, Marsalek P, Franc A, Sedlackova L, Hesova R, Modra H, Svobodova Z, Blahova J. Long-term dietary exposure to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen can affect the physiology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on multiple levels, even at "environmentally relevant" concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170296. [PMID: 38301789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of emerging environmental contaminants, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP), on physiological functions in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed for 6 weeks, and for the first time, NSAIDs were administered through diet. Either substance was tested at two concentrations, 20 or 2000 μg/kg, resulting in four different treatments (DCF 20, DCF 2000, IBP 20, IBP 2000). The effects on haematological and biochemical profiles, the biomarkers of oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption were studied, and changes in RNA transcription were also monitored to obtain a comprehensive picture of toxicity. Fish exposure to high concentrations of NSAIDs (DCF 2000, IBP 2000) elicited numerous statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in the endpoints investigated, with DCF being almost always more efficient than IBP. Compared to control fish, a decrease in total leukocyte count attributed to relative lymphopenia was observed. Plasma concentrations of total proteins, ammonia, and thyroxine, and enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in either group, as were the activities of certain hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase) in the DCF 2000 group. The transcriptomic profile of selected genes in the tissues of exposed fish was affected as well. Significant changes in plasma total proteins, ammonia, ALT, and ALP, as well as in the transcription of genes related to thyroid function and the antioxidant defense of the organism, were found even in fish exposed to the lower DCF concentration (DCF 20). As it was chosen to match DCF concentrations commonly detected in aquatic invertebrates (i.e., the potential feed source of fish), it can be considered "environmentally relevant". Future research is necessary to shed more light on the dietary NSAID toxicity to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Mikula
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Hollerova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Doubkova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Sedlackova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Hesova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Modra
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic; Department of Environmentalistics and Natural Resources, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, Czech Republic.
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Khan NH, Jiang E, Qureshi IZ. Effect of Fipronil Exposure on Hematological Aspects of Rhesus Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta): Risk and Toxicity Assessment in Agro-Workers. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5755-5765. [PMID: 38170119 PMCID: PMC10759453 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fipronil (FPN) is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Published research on FPN toxicity has established the fact that its inhalation or dermal exposure may lead to very serious clinical outcomes in non-target animals. In line to its exposure and toxicity related damage, FPN has been investigated in many invertebrates, however, its exposure-related noxiousness is less reported in higher animals. Objective To assess the FPN-induced effects to agro-workers in the field, in the present study, we used physiological human surrogates, adult rhesus monkeys as models. Method We exposed well habituated, chair restraint adult rhesus monkeys with a field spray concentration of FPN (0.3 mg/1 mL distilled water) through an inhalation route in the closed system. Animals were divided into control and treatment groups, each containing three animals. Inflammatory and hematological effects were determined by evaluating the kidney and liver biomarker enzymes; serum creatinine and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels respectively. Results Our findings reveal that FPN treated monkeys show significantly increased levels of ALT (p = 0.000461), AST (p = 0.0681) and creatinine (p = 0.00656) as compared to the control group. Furthermore, significant differences of red blood cells (RBCs) (p = 0.0139) and white blood cells (WBCs) (p = 0.00642) were also observed in the treated and control group monkeys which reflect strong toxic effects on the blood cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that FPN exposure is very toxic to higher animals and causes severe damage to the liver and kidneys along with other clinical problems. The study highlights the effect and impact of passive inhalation of insecticides in intentionally carefree agro-workers and raises the concern of public awareness toward pesticides use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Human and Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Human and Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Erhunmwunse NO, Tongo I, Ezemonye LI. Multiple biomarker responses in female Clarias gariepinus exposed to acetaminophen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122437-122457. [PMID: 37973782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Several authors have documented the presences of acetaminophen (APAP) in both surface and groundwater and have received attention from government agencies and basic authorities across the globe. The impacts of such pharmaceutical products on non-target organism like fish are underestimated as a result of selected investigation using few biomarkers. We evaluated the sub-chronic impacts of APAP in female catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using multiple biomarkers. The exposure of female catfish to APAP induced oxidative stress. Markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher in all exposed groups. Exposure of Clarias gariepinus to APAPA caused histological alterations in the gills (fusion and shortening of some filaments, hyperplasia of the epithelial gill cells, aneurism, congestion, and epithelial rupture of the gills), liver (apoptotic hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion, and necrosis of the hepatocytes), and gonad (degenerated follicles and ovarian apoptosis). Furthermore, multivariate results indicated that there was a distinct response from the acetaminophen-exposed female catfish, with over 95% of the biomarkers significantly contributing to the discrimination between the acetaminophen-exposed female catfish and the control groups. Our research provides evidence supporting the use of a multiple biomarker approach to evaluate the impacts of drugs on the health status of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Isioma Tongo
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria
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Islam MA, Lopes I, Domingues I, Silva DCVR, Blasco J, Pereira JL, Araújo CVM. Behavioural, developmental and biochemical effects in zebrafish caused by ibuprofen, irgarol and terbuthylazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140373. [PMID: 37806324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of chemicals and their release into aquatic ecosystems are harming aquatic biota. Despite extensive ecotoxicological research, many environmental pollutants' ecological effects are still unknown. This study examined the spatial avoidance, behavioural and biochemical impacts of ibuprofen, irgarol, and terbuthylazine on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under a range of ecologically relevant concentrations (0-500 μg/L). Embryos were exposed following the OECD guideline "fish embryo toxicity test" complemented with biochemical assessment of AChE activity and behavioural analyses (swimming activity) using the video tracking system Zebrabox. Moreover, spatial avoidance was assessed by exposing 120 hpf-old larvae of D. rerio to a gradient of each chemical, by using the heterogeneous multi-habitat assay system (HeMHAS). The results obtained revealed that the 3 compounds delayed hatching at concentrations of 50 and 500 μg/L for both ibuprofen and irgarol and 500 μg/L for terbuthylazine. Moreover, all chemicals elicited a dose-dependent depression of movement (swimming distance) with LOEC values of 5, 500 and 50 μg/L for ibuprofen, irgarol and terbuthylazine, respectively. Zebrafish larvae avoided the three chemicals studied, with 4 h-AC50 values for ibuprofen, irgarol, and terbuthylazine of 64.32, 79.86, and 131.04 μg/L, respectively. The results of the HeMHAS assay suggest that larvae may early on avoid (just after 4 h of exposure) concentrations of the three chemicals that may later induce, apical and biochemical effects. Findings from this study make clear some advantages of using HeMHAS in ecotoxicology as it is: ecologically relevant (by simulating a chemically heterogeneous environmental scenario), sensitive (the perception of chemicals and the avoidance can occur at concentrations lower than those producing lethal or sublethal effects) and more humane and refined approach (organisms are not mandatorily exposed to concentrations that can produce individual toxicity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ariful Islam
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain; Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh; Management and Conservation of the Sea, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês Domingues
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Daniel C V R Silva
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, Marabá, 68507-590, Pará, Brazil; Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Laboratory of Limnology and Ecotoxicolo Gy, Itajubá, 37500-903, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Julián Blasco
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
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Yu D, Zeng S, Wu Y, Li Y, Tian H, Xie T, Yu Y. Removal ibuprofen from aqueous solution by a noval Al-modified biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112734-112744. [PMID: 37837589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of organic emissions in production and human life, the pollution control of organic is now an urgent problem in the environmental field. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization rice husk-loaded Al-modified biochar (Al-BC) was synthesized, and the results of scanning electron microscopy could be used to determine that Al oxide composite was loaded on the surface of the material. The specific surface area was 57.049 m2 g-1, pore volume was 0.254 cm3 g-1, and average pore diameter was 8.922 nm for BC and 109.617 m2 g-1, 0.215 cm3 g-1, and 3.969 nm for Al-BC, respectively. The control effects of these two adsorption materials on organic pollutant ibuprofen (IBU) under different pH conditions were also investigated. The research results show that the adsorption capacity of Al-BC (30.24-1.48 mg g-1) is better than BC (19.98-0.92 mg g-1) at pH from 2 to 11. Solution pH plays a crucial role in IBU adsorption from organic solution. The Langmuir fitting results show that at pH = 7, the saturated adsorption capacity of IBU on BC could reach up to 18.68 mg g-1; the adsorption capacity on Al-BC was 60.49 mg g-1. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic, and increased disorder. The adsorption material prepared in this study could provide a reference for organic pollution control in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Siqi Zeng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Beijing Boqi Electric Power Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tian Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Sibiya A, Jeyavani J, Saravanan M, Albeshr MF, Nicoletti M, Govindarajan M, Vaseeharan B. Response of hepatic biochemical parameters and neurotoxicity to carbamazepine and ibuprofen in Oreochromis mossambicus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:787-799. [PMID: 36717424 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence and pollution of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic environments have been steadily increasing. This study sought to evaluate the effects of 14 days of exposure to environmental-relevant doses (ibuprofen 0.5, 5, and 50 µg/L, and carbamazepine 0.005, 1, and 10 µg/L) of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and carbamazepine in the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in O. mossambicus superoxide dismutase, catalase, biotransformation enzymes, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, oxidative stress lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl activity, cellular damage metallothionine, reduced glutathione, immunological activities, and respiratory burst activity. Consequently, the acquired data revealed that O. mossambicus treated with ibuprofen and carbamazepine shows more significant alterations in metabolic depression, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress. In addition, increased neurotoxic effects were observed in ibuprofen and carbamazepine treated O. mossambicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6thFloor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaraj Jeyavani
- Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6thFloor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoharan Saravanan
- Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6thFloor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6thFloor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Sheikhlangi Z, Gharaei A, Mirdar Harijani J, Davari SA, Hassanein P, Rahdari A. Toxicological effects of meloxicam on physiological and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2085-2094. [PMID: 37616188 PMCID: PMC10508569 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish in aquatic environments are end consumers of the food chain and are widely used for the evolution effects of environmental pollution and their interactions in aquatic ecosystem. OBJECTIVE In the present study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were selected to assess the potential risk and aquatic toxicity of meloxicam as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and a commonly used pharmaceutical drug. METHODS In order to evaluate meloxicam toxicological effect on haematological, antioxidant status, enzymological and histological parameters, based on its LC50 24 h acute toxicity (10.05 mg L-1 ), fish fingerlings were exposed to four doses of meloxicam including; 0 (control), 0.1 (low), 1 (medium) and 2 mg L-1 (high) under static bioassay method for 28 days. RESULTS The results showed that sublethal doses of meloxicam significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels in comparison with the control group after 28 days (p < 0.05). However, red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin and malondialdehyde values in fish exposed to meloxicam significantly increased alongside its concentration (p < 0.05) more than the control group after 28 days. SOD, CAT and GPX mRNA expression levels in gill, liver, kidney and brain organ of fish under meloxicam treatment were significantly down-regulated compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Histopathological assessment showed the increased vacuolation in hepatocytes in liver of fish exposure to medium and high doses of meloxicam. CONCLUSION In conclusion, meloxicam induces oxidative stress in common carp which results a disruption of physiological and health status of this species based on our current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Sheikhlangi
- Department of FisheriesNatural Resources FacultyUniversity of ZabolZabolSistan … BalouchestanIran
| | - Ahmad Gharaei
- Department of FisheriesNatural Resources FacultyUniversity of ZabolZabolSistan … BalouchestanIran
| | - Javad Mirdar Harijani
- Department of FisheriesNatural Resources FacultyUniversity of ZabolZabolSistan … BalouchestanIran
| | - Seyedeh Ayda Davari
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of VeterinaryUniversity of ZabolZabolSistan … BalouchestanIran
| | - Parisa Hassanein
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZabolZabolSistan … BalouchestanIran
| | - Abdolali Rahdari
- Department of FisheriesHamoun International Wetland Research InstituteResearch Institute of ZbolZabolSistan … BalouchestanIran
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12
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Ogueji E, Nwakpa J, Ekpenyong J, Olaolu M, Yaji A, Okey I, Amana G, Elo C, Agbo U. Histological and hematological changes to Clarias gariepinus juveniles exposed to acute doses of Emamectin benzoate in a static bioassay. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02662-7. [PMID: 37179279 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a potent neurotoxic pesticide, extensively used in agriculture and aquaculture in Nigeria. The knowledge of its toxicological impact to C. gariepinus in Nigeria is scarce. Thus, the investigation was designed to uncover its 96 h LC50, safe level to aquatic media, histological impact on fish liver, gill and hematological changes in the blood parameters. 96 h LC50 was 0.34 mg L-1. Safe level of EMB was 0.034 mg L-1. Dose dependent liver degenerations were characterized by; Congestion of the central vein by inflammatory cells, pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes, coagulation necrosis, focal necrosis, dilations of sinusoidal spaces and infiltration of periportal regions by inflammatory cells. Dose dependent changes in gill were characterized by; mucus secretion, shrinkage of secondary lamellae, hyperplasia, occlusion of secondary lamellae, degeneration of gill cartilage, necrosis of respiratory epithelia and erosion of secondary lamellae. Red blood cell indices decreased minimally at the end of the 96 h exposure. White blood cell count (WBCC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) elevated in three treatments. Neutrophils decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), basophils, eosinophils and monocytes showed mixed tendencies. The findings of this investigation imply that C. garipinus exposed to EMB may cause dose and time-dependent changes in the liver and gill histology as well as alterations in the fish's hematological profile, all of which were harmful to the fish's health. To avoid negative effects on fish in nearby aquatic settings, it is advised that the use of EMB be monitored and limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ogueji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Nwakpa
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ekpenyong
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Michael Olaolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Abubaka Yaji
- Department of Fisheries, Moddibo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Irom Okey
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Amana
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso Elo
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ugochinyere Agbo
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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13
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Iheanacho SC, Ekpenyong J, Nwose R, Adeolu AI, Offu P, Amadi-Eke A, Iheanacho AC, Ogunji J. Effects of burnt tire-ash on Na +/K +, Ca 2+-ATPase, serum immunoglobulin and brain acetylcholinesterase activities in clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:503-509. [PMID: 35416109 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2061987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution may continue to deepen following the emergence of new class of toxicants. The present study investigated the effect of water-soluble fraction of burnt tire-ash on Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to sublethal doses; 0.00 g/L, 2.24 g/L, 1.12 g/L and 0.56 g/L of tire-ash solution, representing 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 of 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), for 28 days, followed by 14 days recovery trial. Biological sampling was done on exposure day 1, 14 and 28, and on day14 recovery period for biochemical analysis such as the liver and gill Na+/K+ and Ca2+-ATPase, serum immunoglobulin (IgM) and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the experimental fish. Also, body biomass and behavior were evaluated. The behavioral responses exhibited by the fish to BTA exposure include reduced feeding, hypoactivity, air gulping and skin discoloration, which was observed to be concentration dependent. The body weight of 2.24 g/L and 1.12 g/L BTA-exposed fish decreased significantly than 0.56 g/L exposed fish and the control. Furthermore, findings revealed evident induction of Na+/K+ and Ca2 +-ATPase activities in both tissues, elevation of serum immunoglobulin content and inhibition of AChE activity in the brain of the exposed fish relative to the control. However, it was also observed that the biochemical parameters normalized after the recovery period. In conclusion, water-soluble fraction of burnt tire-ash produced toxicological effects in the experimental model, hence the present study provides the ecotoxicological insight of tire ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria.,Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ekpenyong
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Roseline Nwose
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Adewale I Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Peter Offu
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Angus C Iheanacho
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Johnny Ogunji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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14
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Li W, Zhou Z, Tian X, Li H, Su J, Liu Q, Wu P, Wang S, Hu J, Shen Z, Zeng L, Tao M, Zhang C, Qin Q, Liu S. Gynogenetic Cirrhinus mrigala produced using irradiated sperm of Cyprinus carpio exhibit better cold tolerance. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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15
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Ibuprofen: Toxicology and Biodegradation of an Emerging Contaminant. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052097. [PMID: 36903343 PMCID: PMC10004696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen is considered to be an emerging contaminant because of its presence in different environments (from water bodies to soils) at concentrations with adverse effects on aquatic organisms due to cytotoxic and genotoxic damage, high oxidative cell stress, and detrimental effects on growth, reproduction, and behavior. Because of its high human consumption rate and low environmental degradation rate, ibuprofen represents an emerging environmental problem. Ibuprofen enters the environment from different sources and accumulates in natural environmental matrices. The problem of drugs, particularly ibuprofen, as contaminants is complicated because few strategies consider them or apply successful technologies to remove them in a controlled and efficient manner. In several countries, ibuprofen's entry into the environment is an unattended contamination problem. It is a concern for our environmental health system that requires more attention. Due to its physicochemical characteristics, ibuprofen degradation is difficult in the environment or by microorganisms. There are experimental studies that are currently focused on the problem of drugs as potential environmental contaminants. However, these studies are insufficient to address this ecological issue worldwide. This review focuses on deepening and updating the information concerning ibuprofen as a potential emerging environmental contaminant and the potential for using bacteria for its biodegradation as an alternative technology.
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16
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Okpe MN, Eze CC, Ezinwa HC, Aletan U, Kelle HI, Chukwu MN, Okpanachi MA, Aguzie OI, Nwani CD. Hematological, biochemical, and biometric changes in Clarias gariepinus exposed to antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23637-23645. [PMID: 36327078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a neuroleptic and antipsychotic medication for individuals suffering from schizophrenia and other medical conditions. This study investigated the effects of CPZ on the hematological, biochemical, and biometric characteristics in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to 0.53, 1.06, and 2.11 mgL-1 CPZ for 15 days after which they were withdrawn from the toxicant and allowed to recover for 5 days. Blood were sampled from the fish on days 1, 5, 10, 15, and during the 5-day recovery for hematological and biochemical analysis, and thereafter, the fish were sacrificed for the morphometric analysis. While the values of the white blood cells significantly increased in the exposed fish, the hemoglobin, red blood cells, and packed cell volume decreased. Compared with the control, there were no significant differences in the values of the blood derivatives in the exposed fish. The values of protein and glucose reduced, but those of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated. Though there was no significant difference in the condition factor, a significant increase in hepatosomatic index occurred on day 15 at 5.28 mg/L CPZ. After the 5-day withdrawal from the drug, most of the studied parameters returned to the control values. The present study indicated that CPZ is toxic to fish and should be used with utmost care to guard against toxicological effect on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nnamdi Okpe
- Department of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Christabel Chukwuebuka Eze
- Department of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Hope Chinwe Ezinwa
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Uduak Aletan
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maureen N Chukwu
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Martin Abdubala Okpanachi
- Department of Animal Science and Environmental Biology, Kogi State University Anyangba, Anyangba, Nigeria
| | - Oscar Ifeanyi Aguzie
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christopher D Nwani
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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17
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Cui SG, Zhang YL, Guo HW, Zhou BH, Tian EJ, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang HW. Molybdenum-Induced Apoptosis of Splenocytes and Thymocytes and Changes of Peripheral Blood in Sheep. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-022-03536-5. [PMID: 36595130 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) on apoptosis of lymphocytes and changes of peripheral blood in sheep, a total of 20 5-month-old healthy female sheep were randomly divided into five groups of 4 and orally administered with water containing Na2MoO4·2H2O (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg BW/day) for 28 days. Jugular vein blood was taken on the 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day of Mo treatment, respectively. On the 28th day, the spleen and thymus were removed for observing histopathology and apoptosis-related DNA damage by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and TdT‑mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. The blood routine indexes were determined by an automatic blood analyzer. Further, the apoptosis of lymphocytes and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results showed that excessive Mo induced apoptosis-related DNA damage in the splenocytes and thymocytes and significantly increased the apoptosis indexes of the splenocytes and thymocytes (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the treatment with excessive Mo significantly decreased the MMP (P < 0.01) and promoted apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.01). And the number of WBC, Lymph, Gran, and RBC and the indexes of HGB and HCT were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while RDW was significantly increased by excessive Mo (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, excessive Mo-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of the lymphocytes changed the RBC-related indexes of the peripheral blood in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Longzi Hubei Road 6, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Jie Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Kumar S, Choubey AK, Srivastava PK. The effects of dietary immunostimulants on the innate immune response of Indian major carp: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:36-49. [PMID: 35217196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulants, as feed additives, play an important role in maintaining fish health and enhancing their overall growth by providing resistance against diseases in cultured fish. At the initial stages of life of fish, innate immunity is the essential mechanism in their survival. Later, innate immunity has an instructive role in adapting acquired immune response and homeostasis through different receptor proteins. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the effect of dietary immunostimulants like algae, plant extracts, vitamins, herbs, probiotics, and prebiotics-containing diets in Indian major carps. Many bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens are responsible for high death rates in both wild and cultured fish. It's a major limiting factor for world aquaculture industries. Recognition of invading pathogens by different pathogen recognition receptor plays an important role for the activation of different pathways to initiate protective immune responses. Hence, there is a growing need to control the devastating effects of diseases without recourse to toxic chemicals or antibiotics. Keeping with alternative approaches without using toxic chemicals to control fish diseases in mind, many immunostimulants are used, which enhance immune responses along with their gene expression level through different signaling pathway. The objective of this review is to summarize and evaluate the current knowledge of various immunostimulants and their immune responses in three Indian major carps namely Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala, which are preferred by the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar
- Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh- 225003, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Choubey
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh-229304, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh-229304, India.
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19
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A review on environmental occurrence, toxicity and microbial degradation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113694. [PMID: 34537557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have surfaced as a novel class of pollutants due to their incomplete degradation in wastewater treatment plants and their inherent ability to promote physiological predicaments in humans even at low doses. The occurrence of the most common NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen) in river water, groundwater, finished water samples, WWTPs, and hospital wastewater effluents along with their toxicity effects were reviewed. The typical concentrations of NSAIDs in natural waters were mostly below 1 μg/L, the rivers receiving untreated wastewater discharge have often showed higher concentrations, highlighting the importance of effective wastewater treatment. The critical analysis of potential, pathways and mechanisms of microbial degradation of NSAIDs were also done. Although studies on algal and fungal strains were limited, several bacterial strains were known to degrade NSAIDs. This microbial ability is attributed to hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 because of the decrease in drug concentrations in fungal cultures of Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 on incubation with 1-aminobenzotriazole. Moreover, processes like decarboxylation, dehydrogenation, dechlorination, subsequent oxidation, demethylation, etc. also constitute the degradation pathways. A wide array of enzymes like dehydrogenase, oxidoreductase, dioxygenase, monooxygenase, decarboxylase, and many more are upregulated during the degradation process, which indicates the possibility of their involvement in microbial degradation. Specific hindrances in upscaling the process along with analytical research needs were also identified, and novel investigative approaches for future monitoring studies are proposed.
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20
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Iheanacho SC, Adeolu AI, Nwose R, Ekpenyong J, Offu P, Amadi-Eke A, Iheanacho AC, Ogunji J. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysozyme induction in Clarias gariepinus chronically exposed to water-soluble fraction of burnt tire ash. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1983-1996. [PMID: 34529204 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The safety of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by numerous anthropogenic activities, especially leachates from non-point source toxicants, leaching into aquatic systems. This study evaluated the toxicity of the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of burnt tire ash (BTA) on Clarias gariepinus via a battery of integrated biomarkers. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal (0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/L) concentrations of BTA, derived from 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), at duration intervals of 1, 14, and 28 days, followed by a recovery trial that lasted for 14 days. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities of the gill and liver, lysozymes activity and erythron profile were assessed. The findings of the present study revealed that BTA-WSF induced prominent alterations on biochemical parameters, lysozymes activity and antioxidant enzymes activities in the exposed fish. Furthermore, toxicant exposure promoted oxidative stress, cellular damage and genotoxicity (erythrocytic nuclear and cellular abnormalities) in the exposed fish. In general, a post-exposure trial showed partial recovery from the exposure effects of the toxicant, following the evident modifications of serum enzymes and erythron pathopathology in the experimental model. Biomonitoring of BTA, using sentinel aquatic species such as C. gariepinus, provides insights into the ecotoxicological potency of this toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale I Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Roseline Nwose
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ekpenyong
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Peter Offu
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Angus C Iheanacho
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Johnny Ogunji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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Gallego-Ríos SE, Peñuela GA, Martínez-López E. Updating the use of biochemical biomarkers in fish for the evaluation of alterations produced by pharmaceutical products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103756. [PMID: 34662733 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of toxic effects in stressful environmental conditions can be determined through the imbalance between exogenous factors (environmental contaminants) and enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in biological systems. The use of fish for the identification of alterations in biochemical biomarkers provides a comprehensive vision of the effects that pharmaceutical products cause in the aquatic ecosystem, as they are organisms with high sensitivity to contaminants, filtering capacity, and potential for environmental toxicology studies. A wide range of pharmaceuticals can stimulate or alter a variety of biochemical mechanisms, such as oxidative damage to membrane lipids, proteins, and changes in antioxidant enzymes. This review includes a summary of knowledge of the last 20 years, in the understanding of the different biochemical biomarkers generated by exposure to pharmaceuticals in fish, which include different categories of pharmaceutical products: NSAIDs, analgesics, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, hormones, lipid regulators and mixtures. This review serves as a tool in the design of studies for the evaluation of the effects of pharmaceutical products, taking into account the most useful biomarkers, type of matrix, enzyme alterations, all taking the pharmaceutical group of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego-Ríos
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain
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22
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Mauro M, Lazzara V, Arizza V, Luparello C, Ferrantelli V, Cammilleri G, Inguglia L, Vazzana M. Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of Danio rerio Adults. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101064. [PMID: 34681162 PMCID: PMC8533377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The release of medicinal products for human use in the aquatic environment is now a serious problem, and can be fatal for the organisms that live there. Danio rerio is a freshwater fish that provides the possibility to study the effects of these pollutants on the health of aquatic organisms. The results of the various existing scientific studies are scarce and conflicting. Here, we review the scientific studies that have analyzed these effects, highlighting that the impacts of drugs are evident in the biochemical responses of these animals. Abstract To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and Danio rerio is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of D. rerio adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
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23
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Zhang N, Liu X, Pan L, Zhou X, Zhao L, Mou X, Zhou H, Liu J, Wang X. Evaluation of ibuprofen contamination in local urban rivers and its effects on immune parameters of juvenile grass carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1405-1413. [PMID: 34291405 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can be detected in the aquatic environments all over the world. This study evaluated the effects of ibuprofen on the immune parameters of juvenile grass carp at the concentration in real environments which were determined by detecting its concentrations in the surface water of local rivers. The concentration of ibuprofen ranged from 13.2 to 95.5 ng/L with a mean value of 47.9 ng/L in the surface water of local rivers detected by solid-phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Accordingly, juvenile grass carp were exposed to 4.8, 48.0 and 480.0 ng/L of ibuprofen for 14 days. The serum lysozyme activity of these fish decreased, while the serum creatinine levels were not affected after the exposure. Moreover, the mRNA expression of interleukin 6 in the skin and interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the gills was enhanced by this exposure. These results collectively suggest that ibuprofen at environmentally relevant concentration can affect the immune parameters of juvenile grass carp, providing an insight into the possibility of this contaminant to modify the immunostatus of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjing Pan
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Mou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Xpiscoric Inc., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Gallego R SE, Peñuela GA, Martínez-López E. Enzymatic activity changes in striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, induced by exposure to different concentrations of ibuprofen and triclosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129399. [PMID: 33482525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure for four months, with ibuprofen and triclosan at 25 and 50 μg/L in Striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, evaluated between sexes and exposure times. Biochemical biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, creatine kinase, lipid peroxidation, albumin, globulins, creatinine, and urea were evaluated. The results of this study suggest that both ibuprofen and triclosan at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L can cause alterations to P. magdaleniatum, interfering with the activity of certain enzymes associated with energy production, immune response, architecture, and cellular physiology. Also, we determined the current state of contamination in fish, the concentration of ibuprofen and triclosan in P. magdaleniatum muscle samples from the different places markets located on the banks of the main rivers of Colombia was quantified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, in three climatic periods; finding triclosan levels in the dry season in some of the sampling points compatible with enzyme-level alterations in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego R
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain.
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25
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Ogunwole GA, Saliu JK, Osuala FI, Odunjo FO. Chronic levels of ibuprofen induces haematoxic and histopathology damage in the gills, liver, and kidney of the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25603-25613. [PMID: 33464528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been detected in various environmental matrices. Thus, their potential to elicit their toxic effect on non-target organisms is a growing concern, especially in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of ibuprofen (IBU) at environmentally relevant concentration on the haematology and histology of the gill, liver, and kidney over 30 days. The 96-h acute toxicity data showed that IBU was moderately toxic to C. gariepinus with an LC50 value of 3.78 mg/L. After 15 and 30 days of exposure, there was a significant alteration in haematological indices in the treated fishes when compared to the control group. Throughout the experimental duration, the level of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were consistently lower significantly, in contrast to the control group. IBU induced histopathological deformities in the gills, liver, and kidney of the exposed fishes, with alterations such as showing severe secondary lamella necrosis (SLN), epithelial lifting (EL), mild deformity of the secondary lamella (DSL), mild secondary lamella necrosis (MLN), and mild vascular congestion in the liver and kidney, respectively. This study has demonstrated that IBU at environmentally relevant concentrations can significantly impact the haematology, gills, liver, and kidney of C. gariepinus. This study's results can provide baseline info for regulatory agencies to set safe limits for NSAIDs as a safeguard for the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Akinola Ogunwole
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Kayode Saliu
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Fidelia Ijeoma Osuala
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Faith Oluwaseyi Odunjo
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
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Gallego-Ríos SE, Peñuela GA. Evaluation of ibuprofen and diclofenac in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:210. [PMID: 33755811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is one of the first studies carried out over three climatic seasons on the determination of ibuprofen and diclofenac, in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. Determination of water concentrations was carried out using SPE extraction, while for the analysis of the muscular tissue, the extraction was carried out by QuEChERS. For both matrices, quantification was done by UHPLC-MS/MS. No levels of ibuprofen or diclofenac concentrations were found in the muscle tissue of Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, in any season or sampling site, during the 2 years of sampling. In some sampling sites, concentrations of up to 75 µg/L of diclofenac were detected, corresponding to the sampling carried out in the dry season, being the highest reported so far in surface waters, possibly generated by large concentrations of population or agricultural activities. On the other hand, for ibuprofen, no concentrations above the limit of quantification (0.50 µg/L) were found in the waters of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers, for any season and sampling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego-Ríos
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
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27
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Hasan I, Amin T, Alam MR, Islam MR. Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations of kidney and testis due to exposure of 4G cell phone radiation in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2933-2942. [PMID: 34012329 PMCID: PMC8117002 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by smart phones on biological systems has wide media coverage and public concern in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of fourth-generation cell phone radiation exposure on hematological (Total leukocyte count, Total erythrocyte count, and hemoglobin %), biochemical (Serum creatinine) parameters, and histopathological changes in the kidney and testis of Swiss albino mice. A total of 30 male Swiss albino mice weighing 45–65 g was randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). The first group A was the control group, the second group B, was exposed to 40 minutes of mobile phone radiation daily, the third group C was exposed to 60 minutes of radiation daily from two 2400 Megahertz fourth-generation connected mobile phones for 60 days, respectively. The electromagnetic radiation frequency radiometer measured the frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. The specific absorption rate was calculated as 0.087 W/kg. The control group was kept under similar conditions, but the electromagnetic field was not given for the same period. All the mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The blood samples were collected for hematobiochemical study, and then kidney and testis tissues were collected for histopathological study. Results of the study showed that the body weight and total erythrocyte count values were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased while total leukocyte count, hemoglobin %, and serum creatinine values were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both the radiation exposure groups relative to the control group. Histopathological observation showed the kidney of 60 minutes exposed mice interstitial inflammation that causes marked mononuclear cellular infiltration compared to the 40 minutes and control mice. Compared to control mice, histopathological examinations of testicular tissue from the exposed mice, showed irregular in shapes and non-uniform sizes and fewer spermatogenic cells layer that leads to the larger lumen in the seminiferous tubules. It is concluded that fourth-generation cell phone radiation exposure may affect blood hemostasis and inflammation of mice's kidney and testis tissue. Based on these studies, it is important to increase public consciousness of potential adverse effects of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hasan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjina Amin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rafiqul Alam
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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28
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Marmon P, Owen SF, Margiotta-Casaluci L. Pharmacology-informed prediction of the risk posed to fish by mixtures of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106222. [PMID: 33157376 PMCID: PMC7786791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the aquatic environment has raised concern that chronic exposure to these compounds may cause adverse effects in wild fish populations. This potential scenario has led some stakeholders to advocate a stricter regulation of NSAIDs, especially diclofenac. Considering their global clinical importance for the management of pain and inflammation, any regulation that may affect patient access to NSAIDs will have considerable implications for public health. The current environmental risk assessment of NSAIDs is driven by the results of a limited number of standard toxicity tests and does not take into account mechanistic and pharmacological considerations. Here we present a pharmacology-informed framework that enables the prediction of the risk posed to fish by 25 different NSAIDs and their dynamic mixtures. Using network pharmacology approaches, we demonstrated that these 25 NSAIDs display a significant mechanistic promiscuity that could enhance the risk of target-mediated mixture effects near environmentally relevant concentrations. Integrating NSAIDs pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features, we provide highly specific predictions of the adverse phenotypes associated with exposure to NSAIDs, and we developed a visual multi-scale model to guide the interpretation of the toxicological relevance of any given set of NSAIDs exposure data. Our analysis demonstrated a non-negligible risk posed to fish by NSAID mixtures in situations of high drug use and low dilution of waste-water treatment plant effluents. We anticipate that this predictive framework will support the future regulatory environmental risk assessment of NSAIDs and increase the effectiveness of ecopharmacovigilance strategies. Moreover, it can facilitate the prediction of the toxicological risk posed by mixtures via the implementation of mechanistic considerations and could be readily extended to other classes of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Marmon
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK.
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29
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Iheanacho SC, Igberi C, Amadi-Eke A, Chinonyerem D, Iheanacho A, Avwemoya F. Biomarkers of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in Clarias gariepinus exposed to melamine and polyvinyl chloride. Biomarkers 2020; 25:603-610. [PMID: 32962424 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1821777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plastic particulates and chemicals are emerging environmental pollutants with significant impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the effects of oral uptake of melamine, melamine formaldehyde, and polyvinyl chloride on serum biochemical profiles, antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation levels and brain acetyl cholinesterase activities in Clarias gariepinus juveniles were investigated. METHODS Fish specimens were fed diets spiked with melamine, melamine formaldehyde and poly vinyl chloride at 0.3% (3.0 g Kg-1) dietary inclusion for 45 days. Toxicity effect of these plastic chemicals was estimated by assaying relevant biomarkers. RESULTS After 45 days exposure, Serum glucose was significantly elevated, whereas plasma protein levels were substantially reduced in the exposed fish groups. Serum transaminases were significantly elevated in the exposed groups. Brain acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities declined significantly, while malondialdehyde levels were elevated in the exposed groups. CONCLUSION C. gariepinus is an important bioindicator to monitor the ecotoxicological impact of plastic chemicals such as melamine, and polyvinyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chidi Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria.,Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christiana Igberi
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Delight Chinonyerem
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Angus Iheanacho
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fred Avwemoya
- Department of Fisheries, Nigerian Maritime University, Okerenkoko Warri, Nigeria
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30
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Oluah NS, Aguzie IO, Ekechukwu NE, Madu JC, Ngene CI, Oluah C. Hematological and immunological responses in the African catfish Clarias gairepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of herbicide Ronstar®. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110824. [PMID: 32544747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of sublethal concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg L-1) of the herbicide Ronstar on the hematology and some immune parameters in Clarias gariepinus juvenile (mean weight and length 58.72 ± 2.46 g and 27.60 ± 1.62 cm, respectively). The hematological and some immune parameters were studied for 21 days in a static renewal bioassay system in which the water and the herbicide were changed daily. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the treatment groups. When compared with the control, there were significant (p < 0.05) leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, neutropenia and monocytopenia in the treatment groups. Both the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were reduced ((p < 0.05) in the Ronstar-exposed fish. The result showed that the treated fish suffered hypochromic microcytic anemia. The total immunoglobulin and phagocytic indices (phagocytic capacity and phagocytic index) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the treatment groups. while the respiratory burst was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the treatment groups. The result showed that exposure to Ronstar had adverse effects on the hematology and immunocompetency of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndubuisi Stanley Oluah
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru Esther Ekechukwu
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Josephine Chinenye Madu
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu Innocent Ngene
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma Oluah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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31
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Iheanacho SC, Odo GE. Dietary exposure to polyvinyl chloride microparticles induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21159-21173. [PMID: 32266633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microparticles (MP) on hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities, serum biochemical and liver histology of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. A total of 180 (25.15 g average weight) C. gariepinus were fed PVC MP (95.41 ± 4.23 μm) spiked diets at 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 percentage inclusion levels and a control diet for 45 days of exposure, then followed by 30 days of depuration trials. Fish specimens (9) from each treatment were sampled every 15-day interval for serum biochemical, liver antioxidant enzymes and histopathological assay. Glucose and triglyceride levels increased significantly in PVC-treated groups when compared with the control. Protein levels of 0.5% and 3.0% PVC-treated groups reduced significantly on the 15th and 30th day exposure periods, while serum enzyme activities of all PVC-treated groups increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) activity in the liver of the treated groups also decreased progressively in a time-dependent manner. A time-dependent elevation in lipid peroxidation levels was observed in PVC MP-treated groups. Histopathological assessment of the fish liver showed mild to severe levels of glycogen depletion, fatty vacuolation and degeneration, hepatocellular necrosis in PVC-treated groups with reference to the control. The present study revealed that PVC microplastic induced oxidative damage and hepatic histopathological alterations in the exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Gregory E Odo
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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Paul T, Kumar S, Shukla SP, Pal P, Kumar K, Poojary N, Biswal A, Mishra A. A multi-biomarker approach using integrated biomarker response to assess the effect of pH on triclosan toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114001. [PMID: 32041020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of biomarkers is an effective approach for a better understanding of varying toxicity in aquatic organisms during the seasonal and diurnal changes in the natural environment. This report describes the toxicity of sub-lethal concentrations of triclosan (TCS) at different pH (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) based on selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress, metabolism and genotoxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The 96 h LC50 of TCS for P. hypophthalmus was lower at pH 6.5 when compared to higher pH. The sub-lethal concentration of TCS exhibited a significant decrease in hematological parameters related to complete blood counts except for total leukocyte count (TLC), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW). Multivariate data analysis showed a significant interaction of TCS and pH in metabolizing enzymes like glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). A significant increase in DNA damage and micronuclei frequency in liver and blood cells of TCS exposed fish at pH 6.5 indicate that the TCS exposure has pronounced effects on genetic materials. The findings of present study establish that enzymes like SOD, LDH, GOT, AChE, DNA damage and micronuclei frequency can be successfully deployed as biomarkers for the assessment of toxicity of TCS in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - S P Shukla
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Abhilipsa Biswal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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Ogueji E, Nwani C, Mbah C, Iheanacho S, Nweke F. Oxidative stress, biochemical, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant responses in Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of ivermectin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16806-16815. [PMID: 32141005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The short-term effects of ivermectin (IVMT) on the oxidative stress and biochemical parameters of Clarias gariepinus juvenile was assessed under semi-static conditions at concentrations of 9 to 25 μg L-1 for up to 4 days. Juveniles were highly sensitive to ivermectin, with an LC50 of 15 μg L-1.The antioxidant enzyme profile assessed included glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). General stress biomarkers such as serum glucose, protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also determined at 24-h, 48-h, 72-h, and 96-h exposure durations. Lipid peroxidation showed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in higher concentrations (21 μg L-1and 25 μg L-1) and durations of exposure (72 h and 96 h). Significant concentration-dependent increases (p < 0.05) were recorded in the liver function enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) when compared to the control. GPx decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in higher concentrations (21 μg L-1and 25 μg L-1) and durations of exposure (48-96 h). Protein showed significant concentration-dependent decreases, while glucose recorded a mixed trend. The changes in the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and serum metabolites were indicative of oxidative stress induced by IVMT. This showed that IVMT is toxic to fish and should be used with utmost caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ogueji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Christopher Nwani
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christian Mbah
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Stanley Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Friday Nweke
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Perussolo MC, Guiloski IC, Lirola JR, Fockink DH, Corso CR, Bozza DC, Prodocimo V, Mela M, Ramos LP, Cestari MM, Acco A, Silva de Assis HC. Integrated biomarker response index to assess toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of paracetamol in a neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109438. [PMID: 31310901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most commonly detected classes of pharmaceuticals in freshwater environments, with paracetamol being the most abundant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 μg.L-1) of paracetamol in Rhamdia quelen fish exposed for 14 days using different biomarkers. The total count of leukocytes and thrombocytes was reduced at the highest concentration. In the gills, all concentrations of paracetamol reduced the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control group. The activity of catalase (CAT) was not altered and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased at the highest concentrations. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased at 25 μg.L-1 and the LPO levels increased at 2.5 μg.L-1 when compared to the control group. The concentration of ROS was not different among the groups. In the posterior kidney the activities of GST (2.5 μg.L-1), CAT (2.5 μg.L-1 and at 25 μg. L-1) and GPx and GSH levels increased at all concentrations when compared to the control group. The SOD activity and LPO levels did not change. Paracetamol caused genotoxicity in the blood and gills at concentrations of 2.5 μg.L-1 and in the posterior kidney at 2.5 and 25 μg.L-1. An osmoregulatory imbalance in plasma ions and a reduction in the carbonic anhydrase activity in the gills at 0.25 μg.L-1 were observed. Histopathological alterations occurred in the gills of fish exposed to 25 μg.L-1 and in the posterior kidney at 0.25 and 25 μg.L-1 of paracetamol. The integrated biomarker index showed that the stress caused by the concentration of 25 μg.L-1 was the highest one. These results demonstrated toxic effects of paracetamol on the gills and posterior kidneys of fish, compromising their physiological functions and evidencing the need for monitoring the residues of pharmaceuticals released into aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara C Perussolo
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Henrique Fockink
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of
Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Rita Corso
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Deivyson Cattine Bozza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maritana Mela
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530- 980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of
Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Ogunmoyole T, Adeyeye RI, Olatilu BO, Akande OA, Agunbiade OJ. Multiple organ toxicity of Datura stramonium seed extracts. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:983-989. [PMID: 31673500 PMCID: PMC6816135 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Datura stramonium seed ranks top among major plants commonly abused as drug in Nigeria. The present study therefore sought to unravel the target organs of toxicity as well as underscore the role of extraction solvent in the toxicity of Datura stramonium seed. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly placed into four groups (I-IV) of five animals per group. Group I served as the control and was administered with distilled water only, while groups II, III and IV animals received 50 mg/kg body weight of aqueous, methanolic and diethylether extracts of Datura stramonium seeds by oral gavage for 14 days. Specific biomarkers of toxicity such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were estimated in the liver, brain, kidney and heart homogenates as well as serum of experimental animals. Lipid profile and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide (SOD) and catalase were determined in selected tissues while creatinine and urea were estimated in the kidney and serum. Results indicated that Datura stramonium seed extract generally caused a significant decrease in ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in selected tissue homogenates while these parameters increased significantly in the serum relative to the control group. Lipid profile was significantly deranged across selected tissues while SOD and catalase activity were significantly decreased relative to control. Put together, toxicity of Datura stramonium seed extract is diverse depending on the organ involved and solvent used for its extraction. Therefore, illicit use of Datura stramonium seeds as drugs among young people should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Ogunmoyole
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
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Nutraceutical values of hot water infusions of moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) and licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and their effects on liver biomarkers in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li H, Zhang S, Yang XL, Yang YL, Xu H, Li XN, Song HL. Enhanced degradation of bisphenol A and ibuprofen by an up-flow microbial fuel cell-coupled constructed wetland and analysis of bacterial community structure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:599-608. [PMID: 30445405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate that an up-flow microbial fuel cell-coupled constructed wetland (UCW-MFC) can effectively treat synthetic wastewater that contains a high concentration of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs, 10 mg L-1 level), such as ibuprofen (IBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). A significant decline in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal was observed when BPA was added, which indicated that BPA was more toxic to bacteria. The closed circuit operation of UCW-MFC performed better than the open circuit mode for COD and NH4+-N removal. Similarly, the removal rates of IBP and BPA were increased by 9.3% and 18%, respectively, compared with the open circuit mode. The majority of PPCPs were removed from the bottom and anode layer, which accounted for 63.2-78.7% of the total removal. The main degradation products were identified. The removal rates of IBP and BPA decreased by 14.6% and 23.7% due to a reduction in the hydraulic detention times (HRTs) from 16 h to 4 h, respectively. Electricity generation performance, including voltage and maximum power density, initially increased and then declined with a decrease in the HRT. Additionally, both the current circuit operation mode and the HRT have an impact on the bacterial community diversity of the anode according to the results of high-throughput sequencing. The possible bacterial groups involved in PPCP degradation were identified. In summary, UCW-MFC is suitable for enabling the simultaneous removal of IBP and BPA and successful electricity production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Yu-Li Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Han Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xian-Ning Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Rangasamy B, Hemalatha D, Shobana C, Nataraj B, Ramesh M. Developmental toxicity and biological responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:423-433. [PMID: 30243208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is widely used in over-the-counter to treat pain, swelling and inflammation. Due to extensive application these drugs has been detected in surface waters which may create a risk to aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study is to assess the ecotoxicity of ketoprofen at different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) on embryos and adult zebrafish (1, 10 and 100 μg L-1) under laboratory conditions. In embryos, concentration dependent developmental changes such as edema, spinal curvature, slow heartbeat, delayed hatching, and mortality rate were observed. In adult zebrafish, biochemical enzymes such as AST, ALT and LDH activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased whereas a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity was noticed in all the tested concentrations of the drug ketoprofen. Similarly, exposure of ketoprofen caused a significant decrease in antioxidant levels in liver tissue (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, and GST). However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in liver tissue was found to be increased. The histopathological studies further evidenced the impact of ketoprofen in the liver tissue of zebrafish. The present result concludes that ketoprofen could have an impact on the development and biological endpoints of the zebra fish at above concentrations. The malformation in the development of the embryo and changes in the biological end points may provide integrated evaluation of the toxic effect of ketoprofen on zebrafish in a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Renuka S, Poopal RK, Ramesh M, Clara-Bindu F. Responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings to N-acetyl-p-aminophenol toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:73-80. [PMID: 29605646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The short term (96 h) toxicity of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (0.58 mg/L - Treatment I and 0.29 mg/L - Treatment II) on certain health indicators (haematology, biochemical, and enzymology) of an Indian major carp Labeo rohita was studied. When compared to control, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol treated fish showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) levels throughout the study period. Whereas, a significant (P < 0.05) increase were noted in leucocyte (WBC) counts (except 48 h in Treatment-I), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values (except 24 h in Treatment-I). Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were found to be decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish exposed to 0.58 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, whereas in 0.29 mg/L exposed fish the values were found to be increased significantly (P < 0.05) (except 72 h). A significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma glucose levels was noticed in fish exposed to 0.58 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (except 96 h). However, a biphasic trend in plasma glucose level was observed at 0.29 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol exposed fish. Protein levels were found to be increased in both the treatments except at the end of 48 and 96 h in 0.58 and 0.29 mg/L, respectively. In both the treatments fluctuations of enzyme (GOT, GPT, and LDH) activities in gill and liver were also noted. However, these enzyme activities found to be significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in kidney and plasma of fish. From the result we conclude that the drug N-acetyl-p-aminophenol upon short term exposure could pose a risk to fish and the alteration of these parameters can be used to ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivashankar Renuka
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Frederick Clara-Bindu
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India
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Żur J, Piński A, Marchlewicz A, Hupert-Kocurek K, Wojcieszyńska D, Guzik U. Organic micropollutants paracetamol and ibuprofen-toxicity, biodegradation, and genetic background of their utilization by bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21498-21524. [PMID: 29923050 PMCID: PMC6063337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are classified as one of the most emerging group of xenobiotics and have been detected in various natural matrices. Among them, monocyclic paracetamol and ibuprofen, widely used to treat mild and moderate pain are the most popular. Since long-term adverse effects of these xenobiotics and their biological and pharmacokinetic activity especially at environmentally relevant concentrations are better understood, degradation of such contaminants has become a major concern. Moreover, to date, conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not fully adapted to remove that kind of micropollutants. Bioremediation processes, which utilize bacterial strains with increased degradation abilities, seem to be a promising alternative to the chemical methods used so far. Nevertheless, despite the wide prevalence of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the environment, toxicity and mechanism of their microbial degradation as well as genetic background of these processes remain not fully characterized. In this review, we described the current state of knowledge about toxicity and biodegradation mechanisms of paracetamol and ibuprofen and provided bioinformatics analysis concerning the genetic bases of these xenobiotics decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Żur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Piński
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ariel Marchlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
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Mathias FT, Fockink DH, Disner GR, Prodocimo V, Ribas JLC, Ramos LP, Cestari MM, Silva de Assis HC. Effects of low concentrations of ibuprofen on freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:105-113. [PMID: 29558665 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a pharmaceutical drug widely used by the global population and it has been found in aquatic ecosystems in several countries. This study evaluated the effects of ibuprofen in environmental concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L) on the freshwaterspecies Rhamdia quelen exposed for 14 days. In the posterior kidney, ibuprofen increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in all groups exposed. Furthermore, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione in the group exposed to 10 μg/L. Ibuprofen decreased the carbonic anhydrase activity in the posterior kidney in all exposed groups, and increased the activity in the gills in group exposed to 0.1 μg/L. The levels of plasma magnesium increased in groups exposed to 0.1 and 1 μg/L. In the blood, ibuprofen decreased the white blood cell count in groups exposed to 0.1 e 1.0 μg/L. Therefore, these results indicated that ibuprofen caused nephrotoxicity and demonstrated immunosuppressive effect in Rhamdia quelen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Henrique Fockink
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - João Luiz Coelho Ribas
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Ramesh M, Anitha S, Poopal RK, Shobana C. Evaluation of acute and sublethal effects of chloroquine (C 18H 26CIN 3) on certain enzymological and histopathological biomarker responses of a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:18-27. [PMID: 29270363 PMCID: PMC5734797 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) toxicity on fresh water fingerlings Cyprinus carpio was studied. Median lethal concentration (96 h) was noted. Acute (96 h) and sub-lethal (35 days) treatments was performed. Enzymological activity and histological alteration was analysed. Drug CQ has a toxic effect on non-target organism.
In this study the toxicity of antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) on certain enzymological (GOT, GPT and LDH) and histopathological alterations (Gill, liver and kidney) of a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio was studied after acute (96 h) and sublethal (35 days) exposure. The median lethal concentration (96 h) of CQ was 31.62 mg/ml. During acute treatment (CQ at 31.62 mg/ml) the treated fish groups showed a significant increase in GOT and GPT activities in blood plasma; whereas LDH activity was decreased when compare to control groups. To analyse the effects of drug at the lowest concentration, the fish were exposed to 3.16 mg/ml (1/10th of 96 h LC50 value) for 96 h. In sublethal treatment (3.16 mg/ml) GOT activity increased up to 14th day and decreased during the rest of the exposure period (21, 28 and 35th day). A biphasic response in GPT activity was observed. LDH activity was found to be increased throughout the study period (35 days) compare to control groups. The alterations in enzyme activities in blood plasma were found to be significant at p < 0.05 (DMRT). Many histopathological changes in vital organs such as gill, liver and kidney of fish were observed in CQ treated group (acute and sub-lethal) compare to normal group. The alterations in the enzymological and histopathological study in the present investigation indicate that the drug CQ has toxic effects on non-target organisms. We conclude that the alterations in enzymological parameters and histopathological changes can be used as biomarker to assess the health of the aquatic organism/environment. Further data on molecular studies are needed to define the mode of action and toxicity of these emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Anitha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.,Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Simmons DBD, Miller J, Clarence S, McCallum ES, Balshine S, Chandramouli B, Cosgrove J, Sherry JP. Altered expression of metabolites and proteins in wild and caged fish exposed to wastewater effluents in situ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17000. [PMID: 29208926 PMCID: PMC5717254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth has led to increased global discharges of wastewater. Contaminants that are not fully removed during wastewater treatment, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), may negatively affect aquatic ecosystems. PPCPs can bioaccumulate causing adverse health effects and behavioural changes in exposed fish. To assess the impact of PPCPs on wild fish, and to assess whether caged fish could be used as a surrogate for resident wild fish in future monitoring, we caged goldfish in a marsh affected by discharges of wastewater effluents (Cootes Paradise, Lake Ontario, Canada). We collected plasma from resident wild goldfish, and from goldfish that we caged in the marsh for three weeks. We analyzed the plasma proteome and metabolome of both wild and caged fish. We also compared proteomic and metabolic responses in caged and wild fish from the marsh to fish caged at a reference site (Jordan Harbour Conservation Area). We identified significant changes in expression of over 250 molecules that were related to liver necrosis, accumulation and synthesis of lipids, synthesis of cyclic AMP, and the quantity of intracellular calcium in fish from the wastewater affected marsh. Our results suggest that PPCPs could be affecting the health of wild fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B D Simmons
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Miller
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - S Clarence
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - E S McCallum
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Cosgrove
- Metabolomics Services, SGS AXYS, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | - J P Sherry
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
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Pandey PK, Ajima MNO, Kumar K, Poojary N, Kumar S. Evaluation of DNA damage and physiological responses in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sub-lethal diclofenac (DCF). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:205-214. [PMID: 28324828 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The frequent bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic ecosystem has raised a concern about their possible ecotoxicological consequences. DNA damage, haematological changes and activities of oxidative stress enzymes in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in response to diclofenac (DCF) exposure were investigated for up to 60 days at the concentrations of 0.17, 0.34 and 0.68mgL-1 in the fish liver. Evaluation of genotoxic effects of the drug in the liver, using single-cell gel electrophoresis, showed DNA damage on exposure at the concentrations of 0.34 and 0.68mgL-1 after day 30. Compared with the control, there was a reduction in haemoglobin and red blood cell counts with a significant increase (p<0.05) in white blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin level after day 30 at 0.34 and 0.68mgL-1. The levels of pack cell volume, red cell distribution width and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significant (p>0.05) between the exposed group and the control. The indices of hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers, including lipid peroxidation and carbonyl protein, showed elevated level, depicting a positive correlation with both time and concentration. More so, activity of catalase was inhibited while reduced glutathione level decreased in the liver tissue. There was increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase after 30 days at 0.34mgL-1. Further, activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the tissue was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) at the end of 60 days. Prolonged exposure to diclofenac at sub-lethal concentration can cause both DNA and oxidative damages in O. niloticus, suggesting the use of oxidative stress biomarkers as early warning signals in environmental monitoring of residual pharmaceutical and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Pandey
- College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Malachy N O Ajima
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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Molina-Fernandez N, Perez-Conde C, Rainieri S, Sanz-Landaluze J. Method for quantifying NSAIDs and clofibric acid in aqueous samples, lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) roe, and zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos and evaluation of their bioconcentration in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10907-10918. [PMID: 27164891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and lipid regulators are being repeatedly detected at low concentrations (pg · mL-1-ng · mL-1) in the environment. A large fraction of these compounds are ionizable. Ionized compounds show different physico-chemical properties and environmental behavior in comparison to their neutral analogs; as a consequence, the quantification methods currently available, based on the neutral molecules, might not be suitable to detect the corresponding ionized compounds. To overcome this problem, we developed a specific analytical method to quantify NSAIDs and lipid regulators (i.e., ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and clofibric acid) and their ionized compounds. This method is based on three steps: (1) the extraction of the organic compounds with an organic solvent assisted with an ultrasonic probe, (2) the cleaning of the extracts with a dispersive SPE with C18, and (3) the determination of the chemical compounds by GC-MS (prior derivatization of the analytes). We demonstrated that the proposed method can successfully quantify the pharmaceuticals and their ionized compounds in aqueous samples, lumpfish eggs, and zebrafish eleutheroembryos. Additionally, it allows the extraction and the cleanup of extracts from small samples (0.010 g of wet weight in pools of 20 larvae) and complex matrixes (due to high lipid content) and can be used as a basis for bioaccumulation assays performed with zebrafish eleutheroembryos in alternative to OECD test 305.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Molina-Fernandez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Perez-Conde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rainieri
- Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Nwani CD, Somdare PO, Ukonze JA, Ejere VC, Nwadinigwe AO, Nwani JC, Odo GE, Ugbor ON. Subchronic Exposure to Fenthion Induces Hematological Changes in Liver Tissue of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:229-234. [PMID: 27764572 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1194907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, African Catfish (also known as Sharptooth Catfish) Clarias gariepinus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of fenthion of 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/L for 21 d and allowed to recover for 7 d to investigate the potential for hematological changes. Whole blood was sampled on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 postexposure and after a 7-d recovery period. During exposure, fenthion caused a reduction in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. There was an increase in white blood cell counts but no significant difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Both increases and decreases were observed in white blood cell differentials. After the 7-d recovery period, both increases and decreases were observed in the hematological parameters. These results reveal that sublethal concentrations of fenthion can cause hematological alterations in African Catfish and that the substance should be used with caution. Received October 20, 2015; accepted May 4, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peace Onas Somdare
- b Department of Biological Science , Federal University , Lokoja , Nigeria
| | | | - Vincent Chikwendu Ejere
- a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
| | - Alfreda O Nwadinigwe
- d Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
| | - Jacinta Chinedu Nwani
- e Department of Crop Science and Landscape Management , Ebonyi State University , Abakaliki , Nigeria
| | - Gregory Ejike Odo
- a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
| | - Ogechi Nnabuchi Ugbor
- a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
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Zhou S, Zhang C, Xiao Q, Zhuang Y, Gu X, Yang F, Xing C, Hu G, Cao H. Effects of Different Levels of Molybdenum on Rumen Microbiota and Trace Elements Changes in Tissues from Goats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:85-92. [PMID: 27147434 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element for animals and human beings. However, the negative effects on rumen function and distribution of trace elements in tissues induced by excessive Mo have not been well understood. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of Mo on rumen microbiota, distribution of trace elements in various organs, and hematological parameters of goats. A total of 36 goats were randomly distributed into three groups with equal number and low-Mo and high-Mo groups were orally administered ammonium molybdate at 15 and 45 mg · Mo · kg-1 · BW respectively, while the control group received corresponding quantitative deionized water. The results showed that the total number of ciliate and protozoa protein concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.01) on days 25 and 50. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and bacterial protein were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in low-Mo group, while they were lower (P < 0.05) in high-Mo group than the control group on days 25 and 50. In addition, Mo accumulated in serum and all detected tissues. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in hair and serum on days 25 and 50, while Cu contents increased (P < 0.05) and the change of Zn contents were not obvious (P > 0.05) in other tissues on days 25 and 50. Besides, there was no obvious variation in iron (Fe) contents during whole experiment period (P > 0.05). Furthermore, excessive Mo content had no significant effect on red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) concentration (P > 0.05) on days 25 and 50, while white blood cell (WBC) counts increased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 50. These results indicated that excessive Mo content could impact the balance of ruminal microorganisms and interfere with the absorption and distribution of Mo and Cu mainly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Zhou
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huabin Cao
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
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Patel A, Panter GH, Trollope HT, Glennon YC, Owen SF, Sumpter JP, Rand-Weaver M. Testing the "read-across hypothesis" by investigating the effects of ibuprofen on fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:592-600. [PMID: 27572306 PMCID: PMC5034852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Human pharmaceuticals present in the environment have the potential to cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. The "read-across hypothesis" stipulates that pharmaceuticals will exhibit similar biological effects across species (e.g. human and fish) if the molecular target has been conserved and the effective drug concentrations are reached (Cmax). We tested this hypothesis by evaluating if ibuprofen, a non-selective inhibitor of prostaglandins and the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, can mimic its primary effect in humans, on fish, at comparable plasma concentrations. The endpoints, prostaglandin E metabolite (PGEM) levels and the mRNA expression of COX (ptgs) gene, were measured in the gills of control and exposed fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), using enzyme-immunoassay and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Fish were exposed, for 24-72 h, to measured water concentrations of 9 (n = 12), 370 (n = 40) and 470 μg ibuprofen/L (n = 12). Water and blood plasma concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS. Results showed that PGEM levels in fish exposed to 370 and 470 μg ibuprofen/L were significantly decreased compared to control fish, when mean plasma ibuprofen concentrations were 1.8-5.6-fold below the Cmax. The plasma ibuprofen concentrations and PGEM levels varied greatly between individuals. In fish exposed to 9 μg ibuprofen/L, when the mean plasma ibuprofen concentration was 224-fold below Cmax, no change in PGEM levels was observed. These data provide evidence for the read-across hypothesis, but suggest establishing a direct dose-response between internal plasma and PGEM is difficult, and would require significantly larger numbers of fish to overcome the inter-individual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Patel
- Biosciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Grace H Panter
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, United Kingdom
| | - Henry T Trollope
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, United Kingdom
| | - Yohanna C Glennon
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, United Kingdom
| | - John P Sumpter
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariann Rand-Weaver
- Biosciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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Qureshi IZ, Bibi A, Shahid S, Ghazanfar M. Exposure to sub-acute doses of fipronil and buprofezin in combination or alone induces biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxic damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:103-114. [PMID: 27595653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Use of pesticides or insecticides can be highly toxic to aquatic life forms due to leaching and agricultural runoff, rains or flood. Fipronil (FP) is a GABA receptor inhibitor, while buprofezin (BPFN) is an insect growth regulator. Presently, we exposed groups of aquaria acclimated carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) for 96h to sub-lethal concentrations of fipronil (400μgL(-1); 9.15×10(-7)molL(-1)) and buprofezin (BPFN, 100mgL(-1); 1.072×10(-6)molL(-1)) singly or in combination. The extent of damage was assessed at biochemical, hematological, molecular biological and histopathological level. Results obtained in treated fish were compared statistically with those of control non-treated fish and also among treatment groups. Significance level was p<0.05. Compared to control, serum total protein and globulin concentrations decreased significantly (p<0.0001) in fish treated with FP; while albumin concentration remained unaltered with all treatments. Glucose concentration decreased significantly (p<0.002) in fish treated with FP. In contrast, combined FP+BPFN treatment and BPFN treatment caused insignificant elevation of glucose concentration. Hematological assessment demonstrated significant decrease in red blood cell and thrombocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit percent; while white blood cell count showed an increase in all treatment groups (p<0.0001). Blood smears from pesticide treated fish revealed aberrant erythrocyte morphologies which included necrosis, micronuclear formation and hyperchromatosis. DNA laddering assay carried out on whole blood demonstrated excessive smear formation in combined FP+BPFN and BPFN treatment groups but no smear formation was noticeable in FP treated fish. Compared to control, whole blood DNA content increased significantly in the combined FP+BPFN and BPFN treatment groups (p<0.001 and p<0.009). With all treatments histopathological changes observed in the gills were: epithelial uplifting and necrosis of lamellae, lamellar atrophy, disruption of cartilaginous core, fusion and disorganization of lamellae and telangiectasia. In liver these were: karyorrhexis, hepatocellular hypertrophy, nuclear hypertrophy, melanomacrophage aggregates and central vein contraction, while in the kidney: deterioration of glomerulus and dilatation of Bowman's space, dilatation of renal tubules, thyroidisation, altered tubular lumen, nuclear hypertrophy, cellular atrophy, and cellular necrosis were the outcome. Our study revealed that FP and BPFN produce highly toxic effects on fish when given in combination or singly. To our knowledge, this is the first report on toxicity caused by FP and BPFN in single and combined state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Bibi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shahid
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ghazanfar
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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50
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu G, Liu Y, Wu B, Ng WJ, Appan A, Tan SK. Phytoextraction, phytotransformation and rhizodegradation of ibuprofen associated with Typha angustifolia in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:294-304. [PMID: 27372652 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Widespread occurrence of trace pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments is of great concerns due to the potential chronic toxicity of certain pharmaceuticals including ibuprofen on aquatic organisms even at environmental levels. In this study, the phytoextraction, phytotransformation and rhizodegradation of ibuprofen associated with Typha angustifolia were investigated in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system. The experimental wetland system consisted of a planted bed with Typha angustifolia and an unplanted bed (control) to treat ibuprofen-loaded wastewater (∼107.2 μg L(-1)). Over a period of 342 days, ibuprofen was accumulated in leaf sheath and lamina tissues at a mean concentration of 160.7 ng g(-1), indicating the occurrence of the phytoextraction of ibuprofen. Root-uptake ibuprofen was partially transformed to ibuprofen carboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy ibuprofen and 1-hydroxy ibuprofen which were found to be 1374.9, 235.6 and 301.5 ng g(-1) in the sheath, respectively, while they were 1051.1, 693.6 and 178.7 ng g(-1) in the lamina. The findings from pyrosequencing analysis of the rhizosphere bacteria suggest that the Dechloromonas sp., the Clostridium sp. (e.g. Clostridium saccharobutylicum), the order Sphingobacteriales, and the Cytophaga sp. in the order Cytophagales were most probably responsible for the rhizodegradation of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Jiefeng Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Bing Wu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Adhityan Appan
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; Maritime Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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