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Shi L, Cui T, Wang X, Wu R, Wu J, Wang Y, Wang W. Biotransformation and pharmacological activities of platycosides from Platycodon grandiflorum roots. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:392-400. [PMID: 39072194 PMCID: PMC11283221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In Northeast China, Goubao pickle is a popular food fermented from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum as the main material, offering a unique flavor and rich nutritional value. Platycosides in roots of P. grandiflorum may play a crucial role in determining the quality of Goubao pickle through microorganism fermentation. However, biotransfermation of platycosides has not been reviewed during fermentation. In this study, we reviewed platycosides in chemical diversity, metabolic processes in vivo, biotransformation of platycosides in vitro, and pharmacological effects. Finally, we also discussed how to improve the bioactive secondary platycosides we desire by regulating enzymes from microorganisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tong Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
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Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, Sklapani P, Trakas N, Spandidos DA. Exploring the pathogenetic mechanisms of Mycoplasmapneumoniae (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:271. [PMID: 38765654 PMCID: PMC11097136 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas, the smallest self-replicating prokaryotes without a cell wall, are the most prevalent and extensively studied species in humans. They significantly contribute to chronic respiratory tract illnesses and pneumonia, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections typically tend to be self-limiting and mild but can progress to severe or even life-threatening conditions in certain individuals. Extrapulmonary effects often occur without pneumonia, and both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary complications operate through separate pathological mechanisms. The indirect immune-mediated damage of the immune system, vascular blockages brought on by vasculitis or thrombosis and direct harm from invasion or locally induced inflammatory cytokines are potential causes of extrapulmonary manifestations due to M. pneumoniae. Proteins associated with adhesion serve as the primary factor crucial for the pathogenicity of M. pneumoniae, relying on a specialized polarized terminal attachment organelle. The type and density of these host receptors significantly impact the adhesion and movement of M. pneumoniae, subsequently influencing the pathogenic mechanism and infection outcomes. Adjacent proteins are crucial for the proper assembly of the attachment organelle, with variations in the genetic domains of P1, P40 and P90 surfaces contributing to the variability of clinical symptoms and offering new avenues for developing vaccines against M. pneumoniae infections. M. pneumoniae causes oxidative stress within respiratory tract epithelial cells by adhering to host cells and releasing hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. This oxidative stress enhances the vulnerability of host cells to harm induced by oxygen molecules. The lack of superoxide dismutase and catalase of bacteria allows it to hinder the catalase activity of the host cell, leading to the reduced breakdown of peroxides. Lung macrophages play a significant role in managing M. pneumoniae infection, identifying it via Toll-like receptor 2 and initiating the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-nuclear factor κΒ signaling cascade. However, the precise mechanisms enabling M. pneumoniae to evade intracellular host defenses remain unknown, necessitating further exploration of the pathways involved in intracellular survival. The present comprehensive review delves into the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection within the pulmonary system and into extrapulmonary areas, outlining its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodisttrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodisttrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Sklapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Yang J, Song Y, Xia K, Pomin VH, Wang C, Qiao M, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. Marine-Derived Sulfated Glycans Inhibit the Interaction of Heparin with Adhesion Proteins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 38786623 PMCID: PMC11123223 DOI: 10.3390/md22050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a notable pathogen behind respiratory infections, employs specialized proteins to adhere to the respiratory epithelium, an essential process for initiating infection. The role of glycosaminoglycans, especially heparan sulfate, is critical in facilitating pathogen-host interactions, presenting a strategic target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we assembled a glycan library comprising heparin, its oligosaccharide derivatives, and a variety of marine-derived sulfated glycans to screen the potential inhibitors for the pathogen-host interactions. By using Surface Plasmon Resonance spectroscopy, we evaluated the library's efficacy in inhibiting the interaction between M. pneumoniae adhesion proteins and heparin. Our findings offer a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies against M. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (M.Q.)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (M.Q.)
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Zhu H, Cai Y, Slimmen LJM, de Bruijn ACJM, van Rossum AMC, Folkerts G, Braber S, Unger WWJ. Galacto-Oligosaccharides as an Anti-Infective and Anti-Microbial Agent for Macrolide-Resistant and -Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050659. [PMID: 37242328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance of the atypical bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) challenges the treatment of MP infections, especially in children. Therefore, alternative strategies for the treatment of MP infections are warranted. Galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS and FOS) are a specific group of complex carbohydrates that were recently shown to possess direct anti-pathogenic properties. In this study, we assessed whether GOS and FOS exert anti-microbial and anti-infective effects against MP and, especially, macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP) in vitro. The MIC values of GOS for MP and MRMP were 4%. In contrast, the MIC values of FOS for both MP and MRMP were 16%. A time-kill kinetic assay showed that FOS possess bacteriostatic properties, while for GOS, a bactericidal effect against MP and MRMP was observed after 24 h at a concentration of 4x MIC. In co-cultures with human alveolar A549 epithelial cells, GOS killed adherent MP and MRMP and also concentration-dependently inhibited their adherence to A549 cells. Further, GOS suppressed (MR)MP-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in A549 cells. None of the aforementioned parameters were affected when FOS were added to these co-cultures. In conclusion, the anti-infective and anti-microbial properties of GOS could provide an alternative treatment against MRMP and MP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Zhu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Cai
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lisa J M Slimmen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C J M de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Xie L, Zhao YX, Zheng Y, Li XF. The pharmacology and mechanisms of platycodin D, an active triterpenoid saponin from Platycodon grandiflorus. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148853. [PMID: 37089949 PMCID: PMC10117678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese doctors widely prescribed Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC. (PG) to treat lung carbuncles in ancient China. Modern clinical experiences have demonstrated that PG plays a crucial role in treating chronic pharyngitis, plum pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, acute and chronic laryngitis, and so forth. Additionally, PG is a food with a long history in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, Platycodin D (PLD), an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin, is one of the active substances in PG. PLD has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, anticoagulant, spermicidal, anti-tumor etc., activities. And the mechanism of the effects draws lots of attention, with various signaling pathways involved in these processes. Additionally, research on PLD’s pharmacokinetics and extraction processes is under study. The bioavailability of PLD could be improved by being prescribed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or by creating a new dosage form. PLD has been recently considered to have the potential to be a solubilizer or an immunologic adjuvant. Meanwhile, PLD was discovered to have hemolytic activity correlated. PLD has broad application prospects and reveals practical pharmacological activities in pre-clinical research. The authors believe that these activities of PLD contribute to the efficacy of PG. What is apparent is that the clinical translation of PLD still has a long way to go. With the help of modern technology, the scope of clinical applications of PLD is probable to be expanded from traditional applications to new fields.
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Shi J, Ma C, Hao X, Luo H, Li M. Reserve of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Alleviates Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1-C-induced Inflammation in airway epithelial cells and lungs of mice. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:60-74. [PMID: 36444819 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is the most common pathogen of respiratory tract infections in both children and adults. M. pneumoniae P1 adhesin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection by mediating the attachment of pathogen to host cells. The inoculation of C-terminal residuals of P1 (P1-C) showed a protective role from M. pneumoniae infection. Accumulated evidence suggests that the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is implicated in regulation of inflammatory responses to bacterial infections. However, mechanisms underlying the regulatory roles of Wnt signaling in host cells in response to M. pneumoniae infections are incompletely understood. In the present study, the impact and molecular mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in immune responses induced by M. pneumoniae P1-C were investigated. The results demonstrated that the P1-C could activate Wnt/β-catenin and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in primary mouse airway epithelial cells cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) state. Interestingly, the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by an adenovirus-mediated Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) gene transduction alleviated the P1-C induced inflammation fibrosis in mouse lung, accompanied by the reduced expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Mechanistical analysis further demonstrated that the Dkk1 could suppress the expression of JAK2/STAT1-STAT3 and Caspase3, 8/Bax signaling in mouse lung tissues. In vitro study further revealed that XAV939, a small molecule of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited the P1-C-activated TLR4/MyD88 signaling and cytokine productions in primary mouse airway ALI epithelial cells. This study thus provides an insight into the function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulation of the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection, suggesting that targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling by gene transduction of Dkk1, or pharmacological molecules of inhibitor may be a promised approach that worthy of further investigation in the treatment of M. pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Department of Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Chunji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiujing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Haixia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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Yang R, Pei T, Huang R, Xiao Y, Yan J, Zhu J, Zheng C, Xiao W, Huang C. Platycodon grandiflorum Triggers Antitumor Immunity by Restricting PD-1 Expression of CD8+ T Cells in Local Tumor Microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:774440. [PMID: 35496272 PMCID: PMC9046572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.774440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the activation of programmed death-1 (PD-1)–programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway is one of the main signals of immune escape and tumor deterioration. Clinically, the application of monoclonal antibodies slows down the progression of various malignancies and prolongs the survival of patients effectively. However, these treatments result in serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs) owning to systemic immune activation. Therefore, to achieve long-term therapeutic effects and low side effects, it is necessary to find drugs inhibiting the local PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway of the TME. Here, we discovered that Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), a medicine and food homology herb, reduced the expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD8+ T cells to exert antitumor effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Firstly, by combining systems pharmacology strategies and clinical data analysis, we found that PG has the potential to immunomodulate T cells and suppress tumors. Secondly, in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed the antitumor effect of the combination of Platycodin D and Platycodin D3, which is preferred and representative of the compounds. Mechanistically, PG increased the infiltration and killing activity of CD8+ T cells, which was related to the decrease of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we confirmed that PG regulated the expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD8+ T cells via reducing the secretion of VEGF-A regulated by the level of P-STAT3 in tumor cells. Additionally, PG also positively impacted the biological processes downstream of STAT3. Overall, we demonstrated that PG-mediated downregulation of PD-1 on the surface of CD8+ T cells represents a promising strategy to locally enhance T-cell responses and improve antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianli Pei
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruifei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangna Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical, Co, Ltd., Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiao, ; Chao Huang,
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiao, ; Chao Huang,
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Li Q, Yang T, Zhao S, Zheng Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Sun X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xie J. Distribution, biotransformation, pharmacological effects, metabolic mechanism and safety evaluation of Platycodin D:A comprehensive review. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:21-29. [PMID: 35114917 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220202090137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum, is a traditional herb used as both medicine and food. Its clinical application for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throat, pulmonary and respiratory diseases has been thousands of years in China. Platycodin D is the main active ingredient in Platycodonis Radix, which belongs to the family of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins because it contains an oleanolane type aglycone linked with double sugar chains. Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that Platycodin D displays various biological activities, such as analgesics, expectoration and cough suppression, promoting weight loss, anti-tumor and immune regulation, suggesting that Platycodin D has the potential to be a drug candidate and an interesting target as a natural product for clinical research. In this review, the distribution and biotransformation, pharmacological effects, metabolic mechanism and safety evaluation of Platycodin D are summarized to lay the foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang People\'s Hospital, Weifang, 261041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
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Liu Z, Huo JH, Dong WT, Sun GD, Li FJ, Zhang YN, Qin ZW, Pengna J, Wang WM. A Study Based on Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Verification to Explore the Mechanism of Qinbaiqingfei Concentrated Pills in the treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761883. [PMID: 34803705 PMCID: PMC8599429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Qinbaiqingfei concentrated pills (QB) are a commonly used medicine for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in China, and the mechanism of action of QB needs to be studied further. Therefore, we use a combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology to clarify the mechanism of QB. Nontarget metabolomics studies were performed on rat serum, urine, and lung tissues, and 56 therapeutic biomarkers were found. Subsequently, the components of QB absorbed into the blood and lung tissues were clarified, and based on this finding, the core target of network pharmacology was predicted. The enrichment analysis of biomarkers–genes finally confirmed their close relationship with the NF-κB signaling pathway. By western blotting expression of the proteins in the lung tissue–related signaling pathways, it is finally confirmed that QB inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway through SIRT1, IL-10 and MMP9, CTNNB1, EGFR, and other targets. It plays a role in regulating immunity, regulating metabolism, and treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Hai Huo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Ting Dong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Guo-Dong Sun
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Feng-Jin Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Qin
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Pengna
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China
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10
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Qin L, Yu L, Luo H, Li Y, Wang K, Chen L, Zhu C, He J, Zeng Y, Huang L, You X. T-B cell epitope peptides induce protective immunity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection in BALB/c mice. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152077. [PMID: 33831654 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in humans. Due to its high rates of antibiotic resistance, vaccination has become the best method to control the dissemination of M. pneumoniae. The recombinant carboxyl terminus of the P1 (P1C) protein is an immunodominant antigen, but it has negative effects such as poor stability and lower purity. In the current study, T-B epitopes of the P1C protein were predicted according to bioinformatics analysis and assessed for efficacy in peptide vaccination. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with the T-B epitope peptides four times and then infected with M. pneumoniae through the respiratory tract. The results showed that the T-B epitope peptides of the P1C protein (P1C103-117, P1C155-169, P1C224-238 and P1C244-258) induced strong antigen-specific serum antibody responses and cellular immune responses with high levels of serum IgG, IgA antibodies and Th1-biased (IFN-γ and IL-2) cytokines. Immunization with T-B epitope peptides significantly reduced the M. pneumoniae burden and the degree of inflammation in the challenged mice. Furthermore, the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the supernatants of lung homogenates were observably reduced compared to those in the PBS group. Overall, our findings demonstrate that T-B epitopes (P1C103-117, P1C155-169, P1C224-238 and P1C244-258) play significant roles in the P1C protein and can be used to induce powerful humoral and cellular immune responses to provide significant protection against M. pneumoniae pulmonary infection, which provides new insight into the design of potential multiepitope vaccines to prevent host infection by M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lianmei Qin
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Haodang Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Kegeng Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Liesong Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cuiming Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020119. [PMID: 33503845 PMCID: PMC7911756 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia which can lead to both acute upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, and extrapulmonary syndromes. Refractory pneumonia caused by M. pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially in infants and the elderly. Here, based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature related to the respective area, we summarize the virulence factors of M. pneumoniae and the major pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the pathogen: adhesion to host cells, direct cytotoxicity against host cells, inflammatory response-induced immune injury, and immune evasion. The increasing rate of macrolide-resistant strains and the harmful side effects of other sensitive antibiotics (e.g., respiratory quinolones and tetracyclines) in young children make it difficult to treat, and increase the health risk or re-infections. Hence, there is an urgent need for development of an effective vaccine to prevent M. pneumoniae infections in children. Various types of M. pneumoniae vaccines have been reported, including whole-cell vaccines (inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines), subunit vaccines (involving M. pneumoniae protein P1, protein P30, protein P116 and CARDS toxin) and DNA vaccines. This narrative review summarizes the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying M. pneumoniae infection and highlights the relevant vaccines that have been developed and their reported effectiveness.
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Wang J, Xia C, Sharma A, Gaba GS, Shabaz M. Chest CT Findings and Differential Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Combined with Streptococcal Pneumonia in Children. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8085530. [PMID: 34221302 PMCID: PMC8219438 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8085530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this day and age, 17% of children less than 5 years of age died of pneumonia; it is the common cause of children death. It is one of the main children respiratory infectious diseases, i.e., mycoplasma pneumonia (MP). The imaging examination can be adopted to quickly observe the morphology and scope of the pulmonary lesions and know the effect of disease treatment and subsequent changes in the disease in order to provide a basis for treatment. Therefore, the most commonly applied technology for detecting pneumonia in children is imaging technology, including chest X-ray and CT. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the work is to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of children patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and MP combined with streptococcal pneumonia (SP). The mixed infection of MP and SP is very common clinically, and the diagnosis of this type of mixed pneumonia is a critical research topic faced by pediatric respiratory physicians. The comparison is done on the incidence of bronchial and pulmonary interstitial lesions, the degree of lymph node enlargement, the volume and depth of pleural effusion, and the location and morphology of the pulmonary lesions in the chest CT images of children patients from the two groups. METHODS There were comparisons on the incidence of bronchial and pulmonary interstitial lesions, the degree of lymph node enlargement, the volume and depth of pleural effusion, and the location and morphology of the pulmonary lesions in the chest CT images of children patients from the two groups. All the experiments are done in the MATLAB. RESULTS The results showed that the proportions of reticular shadow, ground glass shadow, bronchial inflation phase, tube wall thickening, and vascular bundle thickening on the CT images of children patients from the MPP group were dramatically higher than those of the MP + SP group (P < 0.05). The maximum transverse diameter of enlarged lymph node in children patients from the MPP group was obviously larger than the diameter of the MP + SP group (P < 0.05). The number of children patients with pleural effusion was 22 in the MP + SP group, which was greatly higher than the MPP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the chest CT images of children patients from the MPP group were mainly pulmonary interstitial changes. Furthermore, the alveolar inflammation could be observed on the CT images shown when children patients were combined with SP infection. The more obvious manifestations were that the flaky shadows appeared in the lungs, the pleural effusion became thicker, and the transverse diameters of enlarged lymph nodes were bigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chen Xia
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- 2Institute of Computer Technology and Information Security, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Gurjot Singh Gaba
- 3School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
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Xu B, Liu R, Ding M, Zhang J, Sun H, Liu C, Lu F, Zhao S, Pan Q, Zhang X. Interaction of Mycoplasma synoviae with chicken synovial sheath cells contributes to macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5366-5377. [PMID: 33142453 PMCID: PMC7647830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important avian pathogen causing considerable economic hardship in the poultry industry. A major inflammation caused by MS is synovitis that occurs in the synovial tendon sheath and joint synovium. However, the overall appearance of pathological changes in the tendon sheath and surrounding tissues caused by MS infection at the level of pathological tissue sections was poor. Studies on the role of MS and synovial sheath cells (SSCs) interaction in the development of synovitis have not been carried out. Through histopathological observation, our study found that a major MS-induced pathological change of the tendon sheath synovium was extensive scattered and focal inflammatory cell infiltration of the tendon sheath synovial layer. In vitro research experiments revealed that the CFU numbers of MS adherent and invading SSC, the levels of expression of various pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines coding genes, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-20, RANTES, MIP-1β, TLR7, and TLR15 in SSCs, and chemotaxis of macrophages were significantly increased when the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of MS to SSC were increased tenfold. The expression level of IL-12p40 in SSC was significantly higher when the MOIs of MS to SSC were increased by a factor of 100. The interaction between MS and SSC can activate macrophages, which was manifested by a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-20, RANTES, MIP-1β, and CXCL-13. This study systematically demonstrated that the interaction of MS with chicken SSC contributes to the inflammatory response caused by the robust expression of related cytokines and macrophage chemotaxis. These findings are helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanism of MS-induced synovitis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunxing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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Wang Y, Li H, Shi Y, Wang S, Xu Y, Li H, Liu D. miR-143-3p impacts on pulmonary inflammatory factors and cell apoptosis in mice with mycoplasmal pneumonia by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193419. [PMID: 32597476 PMCID: PMC7340866 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-143-3p is correlated with inflammatory pain responses, such as hsa-miR-143-3p expression reduction in fibromyalgia. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-143-3p and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/NF-κB signaling pathway on pulmonary inflammatory factors levels and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in mycoplasmal pneumonia mice. Twenty mice were selected as normal group. The 120 successfully modeled Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection mice were randomly divided into model group (without any treatment), negative control (NC) group (injected with NC mimic), miR-143-3p mimic group (injected with miR-143-3p mimic), miR-143-3p inhibitor group (injected with miR-143-3p inhibitor), TAK-242 group (treatment with TAK-242), and miR-143-3p inhibitor + TAK-242 group (treatment with miR-143-3p inhibitor + TAK-242). Compared with model group, model mice had up-regulated miR-143-3p expression and decreased MyD88 and p-NF-κB p50 protein expressions (all P<0.05); Model mice treated with miR-143-3p mimic and TAK-242 had reduced interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α contents and protein expressions of MyD88, p-NF-κB p50, increased IL-10 content, fewer alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, lower Bax expression and higher Bcl-2 expression (all P<0.05); however, mice with miR-143-3p inhibitor treatment showed opposite trends in terms of above indicators. The exacerbation of mycoplasmal pneumonia caused by miR-143-3p inhibitor was partly improved by miR-143-3p inhibitor + TAK-242 combination treatment (all P<0.05). Therefore, up-regulation of miR-143-3p expression may ameliorate pulmonary inflammatory factors levels and reduce alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in mycoplasmal pneumonia mice by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hanyi Li
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Donghai Liu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Bioactive platycodins from Platycodonis Radix: Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology and pharmacokinetics. Food Chem 2020; 327:127029. [PMID: 32450486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platycodonis Radix, the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., is a well-known edible herbal medicine. It is a common vegetable used for the preparation of side dish, kimchi, dessert, and tea. Besides, it has been used to treat respiratory disease including cough, excessive phlegm, and sore throat for a long history. In the past decades, the bioactive components and the pharmacological activities of Platycodonis Radix have been widely investigated. Thereinto, platycodins, the oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins were demonstrated to be the main bioactive components in Platycodonis Radix, and more than 70 platycodins have been identified up to date. This paper mainly reviewed the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities (apophlegmatic, anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective, and hepatoprotective activities, etc.), toxicology and pharmacokinetics of platycodins isolated from Platycodonis Radix, aiming to promote further investigation on therapeutic potential of these platycodins.
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He QH, Li L, Ning Y, Wei K, Hu J, Wu T, Zhao C, Lu FG. Study on the inhibition of PLD on IAV-induced pulmonary macrophage based on autophagy and apoptosis. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_207_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shi W, Zhao L, Xu Y, Xu G, Zeng Y. Identification of mimotope of Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 protein and its potential value in serodiagnosis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1638299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, PR China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of South China, Chenzhou, PR China
- Chenzhou Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, PR China
| | - Lanhua Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, PR China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of South China, Chenzhou, PR China
- Chenzhou Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, PR China
| | - Guizhen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, PR China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of South China, Chenzhou, PR China
- Chenzhou Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
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