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Kusak R, Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Hanke W, Kilanowicz A. Changes in Endogenous Essential Metal Homeostasis in the Liver and Kidneys during a Six-Month Follow-Up Period after Subchronic Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3829. [PMID: 38612636 PMCID: PMC11011286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. Its mechanism of action is multidirectional; among other things, it disrupts the balance of key essential elements. The aim of this study was to assess how cumulative exposure to Cd influences its interaction with selected essential elements (Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg) in the kidney and liver during long-term observation (90 and 180 days) after subchronic exposure of rats (90 days) to Cd at common environmental (0.09 and 0.9 mg Cd/kg b.w.) and higher (1.8 and 4.5 mg Cd/kg b.w.) doses. Cd and essential elements were analyzed using the F-AAS and GF-AAS techniques. It was shown that the highest bioaccumulation of Cd in the kidney occurred six months after the end of exposure, and importantly, the highest accumulation was found after the lowest Cd dose (i.e., environmental exposure). Organ bioaccumulation of Cd (>21 μgCd/g w.w. in the kidney and >6 μgCd/g w.w. in the liver) was accompanied by changes in the other studied essential elements, particularly Cu in both the kidney and liver and Zn in the liver; these persisted for as long as six months after the end of the exposure. The results suggest that the critical concentration in human kidneys (40 μgCd/g w.w.), currently considered safe, may be too high and should be reviewed, as the observed long-term imbalance of Cu/Zn in the kidneys may lead to renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kusak
- Medical Centers the Medici, 91-053 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzenna Nasiadek
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Department, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.K.)
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MMM, Abo-El-Sooud K, Mousa MR, Soliman AM, Mouneir SM, Ismail SH, Hassan BA, El-Nour HHM. Interactive effects of cadmium and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on hepatic tissue in rats: Ameliorative role of coenzyme 10 via modulation of the NF-κB and TNFα pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114191. [PMID: 37980978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of oral dosing of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) and cadmium (Cd2+) on rat liver and the potential protective role of coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) against TNPs and Cd2+-induced hepatic injury. Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and orally given distilled water, corn oil, CQ10 (10 mg/kg b.wt), TNPs (50 mg/kg b.wt), Cd2+ (5 mg/kg b.wt), TNPs + Cd2+, or TNPs + Cd2++CQ10 by gastric gavage for 60 successive days. The results showed that individual or mutual exposure to TNPs and Cd2+ significantly increased the serum levels of various hepatic enzymes and lipids, depleted the hepatic content of antioxidant enzymes, and increased malondialdehyde. Moreover, the hepatic titanium and Cd2+ content were increased considerably in TNPs and/or Cd2+-exposed rats. Furthermore, marked histopathological perturbations with increased immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor kappa B were evident in TNPs and/or Cd2+-exposed rats. However, CQ10 significantly counteracted the damaging effect of combined exposure of TNPs and Cd2+ on the liver. The study concluded that TNPs and Cd2+ exposure harm hepatic function and its architecture, particularly at their mutual exposure, but CQ10 could be a candidate protective agent against TNPs and Cd2+ hepatotoxic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Campus, 6th October City, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hayat H M El-Nour
- Biology of Reproduction Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza 3514805, Egypt
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3
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Gebeyew K, Jiang C, Gao Q, Zhang L, Zhu H, Tian Y, Wang Q, Wei Y, Tan Z, Han X. Cadmium Accumulation in the Goat Liver and Kidney Is Partially Promoted by the Upregulation of Metal Transporter Genes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111408. [PMID: 35681874 PMCID: PMC9179383 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal transporters, including divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1), Zrt-/Irt-like protein 8 and 14 (ZIP8 and ZIP14), and ferroportin-1 (FPN1), reportedly participate in cellular cadmium (Cd) uptake, but those in farm animals remain unclarified. This study aimed to examine the growth, plasma biochemical indices, Cd accumulation, and expression of metal transporter genes in the liver, kidney, and muscle of goats exposed to rice paddies contaminated with different levels of Cd. Twenty-four goats were randomly assigned across three dietary treatments: 0.23, 0.63, and 1.07 mg of Cd/kg of dry matter (DM) for 60 days. The results showed that dietary Cd exposure increased (p < 0.05) both Cd accumulation and the mRNA expressions of metal transporter genes (DMT1, ZIP, and FPN1) in the liver and kidney but not in the muscle, suggesting dietary Cd exhibited different deposition rates between goat liver, kidney, and muscle. These outcomes suggest that high levels of dietary Cd stimulated the expression of metal transporter genes and thereby enhanced the uptake and accumulation of Cd in the goat liver and kidney. As such, higher Cd concentrations in the liver and kidney observed with Cd diets could be partly explained by upregulation of metal transport genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Gebeyew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (K.G.); (C.J.); (Q.G.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (K.G.); (C.J.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (K.G.); (C.J.); (Q.G.)
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Hanhua Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yushi Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yuqing Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Xuefeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-84615218; Fax: +86-731-84612685
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Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. An updated review of protective effects of rosemary and its active constituents against natural and chemical toxicities. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1313-1328. [PMID: 33044022 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural and chemical toxic agents cause severe adverse effects on people's health in a variety of exposing ways. Herbal medications have taken into consideration as alternative safe treatments for toxicities. Rosmarinus officinalis also known as rosemary belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary and its constituents including carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol have a lot of benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-bacterial, antiviral, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective activities. In this literate review, we focused on the protective effects of rosemary and its main compounds against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The protective effects of rosemary and its components are mostly mediated through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) as well as the modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Kanstrup N, Chriél M, Dietz R, Søndergaard J, Balsby TJS, Sonne C. Lead and Other Trace Elements in Danish Birds of Prey. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:359-367. [PMID: 31214747 PMCID: PMC6731194 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widely used and toxic heavy metal that poses a serious hazard to wildlife species and their ecosystems. Lead is used for production of hunting ammunition. Via gunshot or rifle projectiles, it spreads in ecosystems and may end up in predators and scavengers feeding on wounded or dead animals shot with lead-based ammunition. To assess to what degree Danish raptors are subject to lead contamination, we measured the content of lead in liver tissue from Danish birds of prey (n = 137). Additionally, the study included values for 54 other trace elements. In our analysis, emphasis was put on interpretation of lead levels. Levels of cadmium, mercury and selenium were also discussed, while data for the remaining elements were provided for reference purposes. Bismuth was included to assess if lead originated from bismuth gunshot used as an alternative to lead shot. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium were generally below the levels in similar studies of birds of prey in other northern European countries and none exceeded known and generally accepted threshold values for adverse health effects. As for lead, this is possibly related to the phase out of lead shot for hunting since 1986. The study confirms results from other studies showing that bismuth shot contains traces of lead that is deposited with bismuth in the target animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Kanstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 12, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Mariann Chriél
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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6
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Du J, Hu X, Zhang G, Wu X, Gong D. Colorimetric detection of cadmium in water using L-cysteine Functionalized gold–silver nanoparticles. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1455103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Biomedicine, New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Wang S, Xu Z, Yin H, Min Y, Li S. Alleviation Mechanisms of Selenium on Cadmium-Spiked in Chicken Ovarian Tissue: Perspectives from Autophagy and Energy Metabolism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:521-528. [PMID: 29679350 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of toxic heavy metal and it can cause damage to organs and tissues. Selenium (Se) can antagonize some metal element toxicity including Cd. The present study was designed to investigate Cd-induced damage to chicken ovary by autophagy and the protective mechanism of Se on Cd-induced damage. Administration of Cd for 12 weeks led to energy metabolism disorder of the chicken ovarian tissues, which resulted in autophagy. In addition, the mRNA expression of glucose-related genes including hexokinase II (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHX), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and the activities of ATPase, including Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, were all downregulated remarkably compared with the control. However, combined with oral administration of Se at 2 mg/kg, the mRNA expression of glucose-related genes and the activities of ATPase increased. The mRNA expression of the autophagy-related genes by Cd treatment, including microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), dynein, autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), and Beclin 1, was remarkably enhanced, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was downregulated. However, besides mTOR, their levels displayed a downregulated trend beyond simultaneous Se treatment. The protein expression of autophagy genes was similar to those of mRNA. In conclusion, Cd toxicity affect energy metabolism and induce autophagy, which causes damage to chicken ovary, whereas Se could protect effectively this injury induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Saroj VK, Nakade UP, Sharma A, Choudhury S, Hajare SW, Garg SK. Dose-Dependent Differential Effects of In Vivo Exposure of Cadmium on Myometrial Activity in Rats: Involvement of VDCC and Ca 2+-Mimicking Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:272-280. [PMID: 28534100 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to study the effect of 28-days exposure of female adult rats to cadmium (Cd) in drinking water @ 3, 10 and 30 parts per million (ppm) on myometrial responsiveness to different spasmogens and unravel the possible mechanism of alterations in myometrial activity. Cadmium and Ca2+ levels in blood and uterus were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy while isometric tension in myometrial strips was measured using data acquisition system-based physiograph. Dose-dependent increase in levels of cadmium was observed in both blood and uterus while calcium was increased only in the uterus as compared to those in control. Significant increase in absolute tension and mean integral tension along with non-significant increase in frequency of myometrial contraction was observed in rats of Cd-treated groups. As compared to the control, cadmium decreased and increased the effects of calcium chloride, 80 mM KCl, histamine (0.1 μM) and oxytocin (10-2 IU/ml) in lower-dose (3 ppm) and higher-dose groups (10 and 30 ppm), respectively. Cadmium potentiated and inhibited the relaxant response to phenylephrine in myometrium of rats at lower-dose (3 ppm) and highest-dose (30 ppm) Cd-treated groups, respectively. Results of our study revealed that Cd accumulates in the myometrium of rats and alters its responsiveness to oxytocin, histamine, 80 mM KCl, calcium chloride and phenylephrine, and these effects are differentially mediated depending on levels of exposure possibly through voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) and Ca2+-mimicking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Saroj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, MAFSU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Udayraj P Nakade
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Sunil W Hajare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, MAFSU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, 281 001, India.
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:545-554. [PMID: 28889024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent bio-accumulative toxic metal with unique physicochemical properties of public health concern since their natural and anthropogenic diffusions still induce high risk to human and environmental health. The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of global concerns over Hg exposure due to human exposure to ingestion of contaminated seafood (methyl-Hg) as well as elemental Hg levels of dental amalgam fillings (metallic Hg), vaccines (ethyl-Hg) and contaminated water and air (Hg chloride). Mercury has been recognized as a neurotoxicant as well as immunotoxic and designated by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most dangerous chemicals to public health. It has been shown that the half-life of inorganic Hg in human brains is several years to several decades. Mercury occurs in the environment under different chemical forms as elemental Hg (metallic), inorganic and organic Hg. Despite the raising understanding of the Hg toxicokinetics, there is still fully justified to further explore the emerging theories about its bioavailability and adverse effects in humans. In this review, we describe current research and emerging trends in Hg toxicity with the purpose of providing up-to-date information for a better understanding of the kinetics of this metal, presenting comprehensive knowledge on published data analyzing its metabolism, interaction with other metals, distribution, internal doses and targets, and reservoir organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Sun Y, Zuo T, Guo F, Sun J, Liu Z, Diao G. Perylene dye-functionalized silver nanoparticles serving as pH-dependent metal sensor systems. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-functionalized perylene was used to modify nanoparticles. Due to the benefits from a synergetic effect that originated between the perylene and silver nanoparticles, color-based metal sensor systems were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- China
| | - Tongfei Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- China
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- China
| | - Guowang Diao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- China
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11
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Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:115-137. [PMID: 27915048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxins are natural or chemical poisonous substances with severe side effects on health. Humans are generally exposed by widespread toxic contaminations via air, soil, water, food, fruits and vegetables. Determining a critical antidote agent with extensive effects on different toxins is an ultimate goal for all toxicologists. Traditional medicine is currently perceived as a safe and natural approach against toxins. In this regard, we focused on the protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its main components such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate as a principal source of antioxidants against both natural and chemical toxins. This literate review demonstrates that protective effects of green tea and its constituents were mainly attributed to their anti-oxidative, radical scavenging, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties and modulating inflammatory responses. Although, some studies reveal they have protective effects by increasing toxin metabolism and neutralizing PLA2, proteases, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Jin W, Huang P, Wu F, Ma LH. Ultrasensitive colorimetric assay of cadmium ion based on silver nanoparticles functionalized with 5-sulfosalicylic acid for wide practical applications. Analyst 2015; 140:3507-13. [PMID: 25831211 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-level cadmium ion (Cd(2+)) exposure contributes much toward the causation of chronic disease. Due to its low permissible exposure limit, overexposures may occur even in situations where trace quantities of Cd(2+) exist. So far, no effective treatment for Cd(2+) toxicity has been reported. Prevention of further exposure is the most important step in management of patients suggestive of Cd(2+) intoxication. Development of sensors for Cd(2+) is of great interest to ensure early diagnosis and improve management. We propose here a simple, low-cost (0.1$ per sample) yet very sensitive (limit of detection is 3.0 nM) and selective colorimetric assay for rapid (2 min) determination of Cd(2+) based on 5-sulfosalicylic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (SAA-AgNPs). This method shows excellent selectivity for Cd(2+) over the other 16 metal ions. It is also precise and highly reproducible in determining Cd(2+) in real samples such as tap water, milk, serum, and urine with recoveries ranging from 93 to 110%, indicating the wide practical application to samples suspected of Cd(2+) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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An Z, Qi Y, Huang D, Gu X, Tian Y, Li P, Li H, Zhang Y. EGCG inhibits Cd(2+)-induced apoptosis through scavenging ROS rather than chelating Cd(2+) in HL-7702 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:259-67. [PMID: 24392852 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.879975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Epigallocatechin-3-gallat (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, shows a potential protective effect against heavy metal toxicity to humans. Apoptosis is one of the key events in cadmium (Cd(2+))-induced cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, the study of EGCG on Cd(2+)-induced apoptosis is rarely reported. The objective of this study was to clarify the effect and detailed mechanism of EGCG on Cd(2+)-induced apoptosis. METHODS Normal human liver cells (HL-7702) were treated with Cd(2+) for 21 h, and then co-treated with EGCG for 3 h. Cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 activity were detected. On the other hand, the chelation of Cd(2+) with EGCG was tested by UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy under neutral condition (pH 7.2). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Cd(2+) significantly decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in HL-7702 cells. Conversely, EGCG co-treatment resulted in significant inhibition of Cd(2+)-induced reduction of cell viability and apoptosis, implying a rescue effect of EGCG against Cd(2+) poisoning. The protective effect most likely arises from scavenging ROS and maintaining redox homeostasis, as the generation of intracellular ROS and MDA is significantly reduced by EGCG, which further prevents MMP collapse and suppresses caspase-3 activity. However, no evidence is observed for the chelation of EGCG with Cd(2+) under neutral condition. Therefore, a clear conclusion from this work can be made that EGCG could inhibit Cd(2+)-induced apoptosis by acting as a ROS scavenger rather than a metal chelating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen An
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu , China
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Subhan F, Khan A, Wahid F, Shehzad A, Jan AU. Determination of optimal toxic concentration and accumulation of cadmium in broiler chicks. Toxicol Res 2013; 27:143-7. [PMID: 24278564 PMCID: PMC3834379 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic, non biodegradable heavy metal for the human and animals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and accumulation of cadmium in various tissue caused by various levels of dietary cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in broiler chicks. CdCl2 was administered through drinking water to broiler chicks. In spectral analysis, CdCl2 treatment caused a significant increase in Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatinine and uric acid levels in all treated groups. Intriguingly, the GPT, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly higher at 75 mg/kg as compared to the groups treated with high doses (100, 125 and 150 mg/kg) of CdCl2. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of Cd accumulation in kidney, liver and Breast muscles. AAS analysis revealed that Cd accumulation is increased in breast muscles as compared to liver and kidney at higher doses of Cd than 75 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Subhan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand (Chackdara), Pakistan ; Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Kyunpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Tao HC, Peng ZW, Li PS, Yu TA, Su J. Optimizing cadmium and mercury specificity of CadR-based E. coli biosensors by redesign of CadR. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1253-8. [PMID: 23609235 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metalloprotein, CadR, was redesigned to optimize cadmium and mercury specificity of CadR-based E. coli biosensors. By truncating 10 and 21 amino acids from the C-terminal extension of CadR, CadR-TC10 and CadR-TC21 were obtained, respectively. The genes cadR, cadR-TC10 and cadR-TC21 were used as sensing elements to construct green fluorescent protein based E.coli biosensors. Induction at 30 °C for 4 h in supplemented M9 medium was the optimized condition for the biosensor. Compared with CadR-based biosensor, there was a clear decline in induction coefficient for CadR-TC21-based biosensor (decreased by 86 % in Zn(II), 44 % in Hg(II), and only 37 % in Cd(II)). While in CadR-TC10-based biosensor, the induction coefficient decreased by 95 % in Zn(II), 70 % in Hg(II), and 67 % in Cd(II). Improved performances of CadR mutants based E. coli biosensors indicated that truncating C-terminal extension of CadR could improve the specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Chun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Zhang M, Liu YQ, Ye BC. Colorimetric assay for parallel detection of Cd2+, Ni2+and Co2+using peptide-modified gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2012; 137:601-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15909g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang B, Luo Q, Shao C, Li X, Li F, Liu Y, Sun L, Li Y, Cai L. The late and persistent pathogenic effects of cadmium at very low levels on the kidney of rats. Dose Response 2011; 11:60-81. [PMID: 23550262 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.11-046.wang] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important nephrotoxic pollutant. To examine late effects on the kidney of individuals previously exposed to chronic Cd at very low levels, male Wistar rats were given 20 nmol/kg i.p. injections of Cd every other day for 4 weeks. At the 20(th), 28(th), 36(th), 44(th) and 52(nd) week of the study, renal metal accumulation, morphology and function were examined. Immunochemical staining was performed to detect renal 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) accumulation, metallothionein (MT) expression, cell proliferation and global DNA methylation. Results showed that renal Cd concentration and MT expression along with 3-NT accumulation were significantly higher in the Cd group than that in the control. Histopathologically renal tubule damage at the early stage and hyperplasia at the late stage were observed in the Cd group. Renal fibrosis in glomeruli was evident in the Cd group, particularly at the late stage of the study. Immunoreactivity of global DNA methylation was markedly diminished in the Cd group at both 20(th) and 52(nd) weeks. These results suggest that previous exposure to chronic Cd at very low level induced persistent damaging effects on the kidney along with increases in cell proliferation and global DNA hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, P. R. China; Department of Pathology, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P. R. China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, USA
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Al-Attar AM. Vitamin E attenuates liver injury induced by exposure to lead, mercury, cadmium and copper in albino mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 18:395-401. [PMID: 23961152 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution is the contamination of water resources by harmful wastes or toxins. Both community and private sources of drinking water are susceptible to a myriad of chemical contaminants. Heavy metals pollution of surface water can create health risks. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on male mice exposed to a mixture of some heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium and copper) in their drinking water for seven weeks. Significant increases of blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were detected in heavy metals-treated mice. Histopathologically, the liver sections from heavy metals-treated mice showed severe changes including disarrangement of hepatic strands, rupture in hepatocytes, advanced hepatocellular necrosis, dilation and congestion of blood vessels with hemorrhage, dense lymphocytic infiltration round the central vein and dark stained hepatocytic nuclei indicating cell pycnosis. Administration of vitamin E at a dose of 50 IU/kg body weight, five times weekly improved the observed biochemical and histopathological changes induced by these heavy metals intoxication. Hence, the results of this study suggest that vitamin E protects against these heavy metals-induced liver injury and the attenuating effect of vitamin E may be due to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M Al-Attar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
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Callegaro MGK, Milbradt BG, Alves E, Diettrich T, Kemerich DM, Hausen BS, Duarte FA, Flores EMM, Dressler VL, Emanuelli T. Effect of wheat bran and flaxseed on cadmium effects and retention in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:981-91. [PMID: 20876162 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110384526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber can affect cadmium (Cd) absorption and toxicity, but the effect appears to depend on the type of dietary fiber. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dietary sources containing distinct amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber on Cd absorption, accumulation and toxicity in growing rats. The absorption of essential macrominerals (Ca, P and Mg) was also evaluated. Animals received a nutritionally balanced diet with cellulose (cel - control), wheat bran or flaxseed as the fiber source with 0 or 50 mg Cd kg(-1) diet, during 30 days. Cd exposure reduced body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, epididymal fat relative weight and liver relative weight, and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase activity in all fiber groups. The apparent Cd absorption was similar among Cd-groups, but the flax-Cd group had a higher hepatic and renal Cd concentration. Cd decreased the absorption of Ca and P, and increased Mg absorption in the wheat bran and flaxseed groups, but not in the cel group. Although the different fiber sources investigated had no effect on Cd toxicity, the major soluble fiber source, flaxseed, increased Cd retention. Thus, caution should be taken in the intake of flaxseed by Cd-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G K Callegaro
- Graduate Program on Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS Brazil.
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Alteration in the activity of oxidative enzymes in the tissues of male Wistar albino rats exposed to cadmium. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2010; 23:55-62. [PMID: 20442063 DOI: 10.2478/v10001-010-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the activities of some oxidative enzymes [viz Aldehyde oxidase, AO (E.C. 1.2.3.1); Xanthine oxidase, XO (E.C. 1.2.3.2); Sulphite oxidase, SO (E.C.1.8.3.1.); and Monoamine oxidase, MO (E.C. 1.4.3.4)] in the liver and kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were administered 1, 2 and 4 mg Cd(2+)/kg body weight for one and three months. The activities of the oxidative enzymes were subsequently analyzed in the liver and kidney after both periods of exposure. RESULTS There was a dose dependent increase in liver and kidney Cd concentration in the test rats as compared to control after both periods of treatment with the liver retaining higher concentration of Cd than the kidney for each of the exposure dose. The oxidative enzymes were decreased in a dose dependent manner in the liver and kidney after both periods of treatment. The percentage inhibition of these enzymes was less in the liver of rats treated with Cd for three months relative to the one month treated rats for each of the exposure dose. Conversely, the inhibition of the activities of these enzymes in the kidney of rats in all the treatment groups was more pronounced after three months relative to the trend in the one month treated rats. However, the activities of the oxidative enzymes were higher in the liver as compared to the kidney in all the treatment groups after both durations of Cd treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the inhibition of the oxidative enzymes by Cd may disturb metabolism of bioactive endogenous substances, exogenous components of food and some xenobiotics.
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Ogheneovo Asagba S. Biochemical changes in urine and plasma of rats in food chain-mediated cadmium toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:459-67. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710371108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study sets out to assess the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) administered via the food chain. The food chain was mimicked by exposing rats to diet containing milled Cd-exposed catfish as the source of protein. The toxicity of Cd was monitored by the determination of indices of oxidative stress and kidney dysfunction in plasma and urine of the rats after 1- and 3-month exposure periods. The results obtained indicate that Cd exposure in the rats was followed by marked accumulation of the metal in the liver and kidney with time. However, the kidney accumulated more Cd relative to the liver after both exposure periods. The levels of glucose, creatinine and lipid peroxidation were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both plasma and urine of the rats after 1 month of exposure. Conversely, rats fed the test diet for 3 months had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased level of lipid peroxidation in the plasma and urine. However, the plasma and urine glucose concentrations were restored to levels not significantly (p > 0.05) different from control in rats fed the test diet for 3 months. Similarly, after 3 months, the creatinine level in the plasma was also restored to a level not significantly (p > 0.05) different from that of the control but was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the urine. A significant increase in urine protein concentration was demonstrated after 1-month exposure to Cd, but no significant change occurred in the plasma. Rats fed diet containing the Cd-incorporated fish for 3 months also had no significant (p > 0.05) change in plasma and urine protein concentrations. These results suggest that this route of exposure caused kidney impairment, oxidative stress as well as alteration in glucose metabolism after 1 month but not after 3 months, possibly due to adaptation occasioned by the antioxidative defense armory of the rats.
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Simoniello P, Filosa S, Riggio M, Scudiero R, Tammaro S, Trinchella F, Motta CM. Responses to cadmium intoxication in the liver of the wall lizard Podarcis sicula. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:194-203. [PMID: 19861172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the cytological and molecular effects of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in the liver of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula. Cadmium was administered in single dose, by diet, to induce a concentration comparable with that measured in animals living in contaminated sites. For comparison, cadmium was also administered in multiple doses by food (chronic) or in a single dose intraperitoneally (i.p.); the effects were followed at regular time intervals up to 30 days post treatments. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis demonstrated cadmium ion uptake and accumulation in the parenchyma with an estimated half-life of approximately 8 days. Cytological analyses revealed that the metal induced oedema, activated metallothionein expression in Kupffer cells and extracellular matrix production in fat storing cells. It also caused swelling and alteration in lipid and sugar metabolism in hepatocytes. In conclusion, in the wall lizard cadmium is toxic to the liver even at very low concentrations, the response is not strictly dose and time dependent and almost no recovery occurs in short (30 days) time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Simoniello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Evolutionary and Comparative Unit, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
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Asagba SO. Comparative effect of water and food-chain mediated cadmium exposure in rats. Biometals 2010; 23:961-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hachfi L, Sakly R. Effect of Cd transferred via food product on spermatogenesis in the rat. Andrologia 2010; 42:62-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Callegaro MGK, Milbradt BG, Diettrich T, Alves E, Duarte FA, Flores EMM, Dressler VL, Silva LP, Emanuelli T. Influence of cereal bran supplement on cadmium effects in growing rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 29:467-76. [PMID: 20019094 DOI: 10.1177/0960327109357777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to diminish cadmium (Cd) absorption are highly desirable especially where Cd exposure due to environmental contamination is still inevitable. Cd toxicity may be influenced by dietary components, such as fiber and minerals. Multimixtures are low-cost cereal bran supplements used in Brazil and in other countries to counteract malnutrition in low-income populations. This study was aimed at evaluating whether multimixture would reduce Cd effects in young rats. Animals received a diet with or without the multimixture plus 0, 5, or 25 mg Cd/kg (control, Cd-5, and Cd-25 groups) during 30 days. The Cd-5 groups were similar to control groups in all parameters analyzed, except in the higher renal Cd concentration. However, the Cd-25 groups had lower biological growth parameters and renal delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity, besides higher renal Cd concentration and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity compared to the controls. The multimixture did not prevent Cd effects in the Cd-25 group, but caused a small reduction in renal Cd concentration in the Cd-5 group. Although this multimixture was ineffective to prevent Cd effects at the higher concentration, it seemed to reduce Cd accumulation at the lower Cd dietary concentration, which is similar to levels of human exposure in some polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G K Callegaro
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Dai W, Fu L, Du H, Jin C, Xu Z. Changes in growth performance, metabolic enzyme activities, and content of Fe, Cu, and Zn in liver and kidney of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to dietary Pb. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 128:176-83. [PMID: 18953496 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to 0, 100, 400, and 800 microg/g concentrations of Pb in diet for 60 days, and changes in growth performance, metabolic enzyme activities, and essential trace elements (Fe, Cu, and Zn) content in liver and kidney were investigated. Daily weight gain, feed conversation ratio, and survival of tilapia were not significantly affected by dietary Pb. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in liver and kidney were affected by dietary Pb in a dissimilar way: Pb concentration-related decreases in ALT, AST, and LDH activities were observed in kidney, while these enzyme activities in liver were stimulated in a Pb concentration-dependent manner. It was demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of dietary Pb on alkaline phosphatase, Na, K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Ca, and Mg-ATPase activities in both liver and kidney were Pb concentration-dependent. It was also indicated that the content of Fe, Cu, and Zn in liver and kidney decreased with the increasing dietary Pb concentrations. The results suggested that long-term dietary Pb exposure could affect metabolic enzyme activities and the content of Fe, Cu, and Zn in liver and kidney, whereas growth impairment was not observed in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Filosto S, Roccheri MC, Bonaventura R, Matranga V. Environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations affect development and induce apoptosis of Paracentrotus lividus larvae cultured in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 24:603-10. [PMID: 18322810 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin embryos and larvae represent suitable model systems on where to investigate the effects of heavy metals on development and cell viability. Here, we tested the toxic effects of low (10(-12 )M), medium (10(-9 )M), and high (10(-6 )M) cadmium chloride concentrations, mimicking unpolluted, moderately and highly polluted seawaters, respectively, on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchins offspring. Larvae were continuously treated from fertilization and inspected at time intervals comprised between 10 and 30 days of development. Delays and/or morphological abnormalities were firstly evident in larvae treated for 15 days with high cadmium (10(-6 )M) and for 25 days with medium cadmium (10(-9 )M). Major defects consisted in the reduction and lack of arms and skeleton elongation. No obvious differences with respect to controls were observed in embryos/larvae exposed to low cadmium (10(-12) M), even after 30 days of exposure. Using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay (TUNEL) assay on larvae whole mounts, we detected apoptosis after 10 days of treatment with 10(-6) and 10(-9) M CdCl(2,) when no morphological abnormalities were recognizable yet. Supernumerary apoptotic cells were found in arm buds, ciliary bands, and apex. In conclusion, echinoderm embryos and larvae represent candidates of choice for the study of stress and defense mechanisms activated by cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Filosto
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo A Monroy, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
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