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Castillo-Vazquez SK, Massieu L, Rincón-Heredia R, García-delaTorre P, Quiroz-Baez R, Gomez-Verjan JC, Rivero-Segura NA. Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Potential Target to Improve Cognitive Impairment in Aging. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103039. [PMID: 38981341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the decline in many of the individual's capabilities. It has been recognized that the brain undergoes structural and functional changes during aging that are occasionally associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this sense, altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, which involves the release, binding, reuptake, and degradation of glutamate (Glu) in the brain, has been widely studied in physiological and pathophysiological aging. In particular, changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission are exacerbated during neurodegenerative diseases and are associated with cognitive impairment, characterized by difficulties in memory, learning, concentration, and decision-making. Thus, in the present manuscript, we aim to highlight the relevance of glutamatergic neurotransmission during cognitive impairment to develop novel strategies to prevent, ameliorate, or delay cognitive decline. To achieve this goal, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes reported in glutamatergic neurotransmission components, such as Glu transporters and receptors during physiological aging and in the most studied neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we describe the current therapeutic strategies developed to target glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Karime Castillo-Vazquez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola García-delaTorre
- 4 Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área de Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Ricardo Quiroz-Baez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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Cho LY, Bell TK, Craddock L, Godfrey KJ, Hershey AD, Kuziek J, Stokoe M, Millar K, Orr SL, Harris AD. Region-specific changes in brain glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid across the migraine attack in children and adolescents. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00619. [PMID: 38833578 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In patients with migraine, an excitation-inhibition imbalance that fluctuates relative to attack onset has been proposed to contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of migraine, but this has yet to be explored in children and adolescents. This prospective, observational, cohort study examined glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels across the phases of a migraine attack and interictally in children and adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Macromolecule-suppressed GABA (sensorimotor cortex and thalamus) and glutamate (occipital cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and thalamus) were measured in children and adolescents (10-17 years) with a migraine diagnosis with or without aura 4 times over 2 weeks. Linear mixed-effects models examined changes in glutamate and GABA during the 72 hours leading up to, and after the onset of an attack. We found significant region-specific changes in glutamate and GABA. Specifically, sensorimotor GABA significantly increased leading up to the headache phase, whereas glutamate significantly decreased following the headache onset in the occipital cortex and the thalamus. Post hoc analyses examined the 24 hours leading up to or following the onset of the headache phase. In the 24 hours before the headache onset, sensorimotor glutamate, occipital glutamate, and thalamic GABA decreased. In the 24 hours post headache onset, sensorimotor glutamate continued to decrease. Our results suggest changes in glutamate and GABA that are consistent with the thalamocortical dysrhythmia hypothesis. These findings provide insight into developmental migraine pathophysiology and may open future avenues for treatment targets specific to children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tiffany K Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lindsay Craddock
- Vi Riddell Pain and Rehab Center, Alberta Children's Hospital Calgary, Canada
- Department of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kate J Godfrey
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andrew D Hershey
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Jonathan Kuziek
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health Sciences, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mehak Stokoe
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kayla Millar
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Serena L Orr
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health Sciences, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Widegren E, Frick MA, Hoppe JM, Weis J, Möller S, Fällmar D, Mårtensson J, Brocki K, Gingnell M, Frick A. The influence of anterior cingulate GABA+ and glutamate on emotion regulation and reactivity in adolescents and adults. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22492. [PMID: 38643360 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
During adolescence, emotion regulation and reactivity are still developing and are in many ways qualitatively different from adulthood. However, the neurobiological processes underpinning these differences remain poorly understood, including the role of maturing neurotransmitter systems. We combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and self-reported emotion regulation and reactivity in a sample of typically developed adolescents (n = 37; 13-16 years) and adults (n = 39; 30-40 years), and found that adolescents had higher levels of glutamate to total creatine (tCr) ratio in the dACC than adults. A glutamate Í age group interaction indicated a differential relation between dACC glutamate levels and emotion regulation in adolescents and adults, and within-group follow-up analyses showed that higher levels of glutamate/tCr were related to worse emotion regulation skills in adolescents. We found no age-group differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid+macromolecules (GABA+) levels; however, emotion reactivity was positively related to GABA+/tCr in the adult group, but not in the adolescent group. The results demonstrate that there are developmental changes in the concentration of glutamate, but not GABA+, within the dACC from adolescence to adulthood, in accordance with previous findings indicating earlier maturation of the GABA-ergic than the glutamatergic system. Functionally, glutamate and GABA+ are positively related to emotion regulation and reactivity, respectively, in the mature brain. In the adolescent brain, however, glutamate is negatively related to emotion regulation, and GABA+ is not related to emotion reactivity. The findings are consistent with synaptic pruning of glutamatergic synapses from adolescence to adulthood and highlight the importance of brain maturational processes underlying age-related differences in emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Widegren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matilda A Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Motilla Hoppe
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Weis
- Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Möller
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Fällmar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Mårtensson
- Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Brocki
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Gingnell
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Demler VF, Sterner EF, Wilson M, Zimmer C, Knolle F. The impact of spectral basis set composition on estimated levels of cingulate glutamate and its associations with different personality traits. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:320. [PMID: 38664663 PMCID: PMC11044602 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1H-MRS is increasingly used in basic and clinical research to explain brain function and alterations respectively. In psychosis research it is now one of the main tools to investigate imbalances in the glutamatergic system. Interestingly, however, the findings are extremely variable even within patients of similar disease states. One reason may be the variability in analysis strategies, despite suggestions for standardization. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the extent to which the basis set configuration- which metabolites are included in the basis set used for analysis- would affect the spectral fit and estimated glutamate (Glu) concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and whether any changes in levels of glutamate would be associated with psychotic-like experiences and autistic traits. METHODS To ensure comparability, we utilized five different exemplar basis sets, used in research, and two different analysis tools, r-based spant applying the ABfit method and Osprey using the LCModel. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the types of metabolites included in the basis set significantly affected the glutamate concentration. We observed that three basis sets led to more consistent results across different concentration types (i.e., absolute Glu in mol/kg, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), Glu/tCr), spectral fit and quality measurements. Interestingly, all three basis sets included phosphocreatine. Importantly, our findings also revealed that glutamate levels were differently associated with both schizotypal and autistic traits depending on basis set configuration and analysis tool, with the same three basis sets showing more consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that scientific results may be significantly altered depending on the choices of metabolites included in the basis set, and with that emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the configuration of the basis set to ensure accurate and consistent results, when using MR spectroscopy. Overall, our study points out the need for standardized analysis pipelines and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena F Demler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth F Sterner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Knolle
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Thomson AR, Hwa H, Pasanta D, Hopwood B, Powell HJ, Lawrence R, Tabuenca ZG, Arichi T, Edden RAE, Chai X, Puts NA. The developmental trajectory of 1H-MRS brain metabolites from childhood to adulthood. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae046. [PMID: 38430105 PMCID: PMC10908220 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brain development is ongoing throughout childhood, with for example, myelination of nerve fibers and refinement of synaptic connections continuing until early adulthood. 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be used to quantify the concentrations of endogenous metabolites (e.g. glutamate and γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA)) in the human brain in vivo and so can provide valuable, tractable insight into the biochemical processes that support postnatal neurodevelopment. This can feasibly provide new insight into and aid the management of neurodevelopmental disorders by providing chemical markers of atypical development. This study aims to characterize the normative developmental trajectory of various brain metabolites, as measured by 1H-MRS from a midline posterior parietal voxel. We find significant non-linear trajectories for GABA+ (GABA plus macromolecules), Glx (glutamate + glutamine), total choline (tCho) and total creatine (tCr) concentrations. Glx and GABA+ concentrations steeply decrease across childhood, with more stable trajectories across early adulthood. tCr and tCho concentrations increase from childhood to early adulthood. Total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) and Myo-Inositol (mI) concentrations are relatively stable across development. Trajectories likely reflect fundamental neurodevelopmental processes (including local circuit refinement) which occur from childhood to early adulthood and can be associated with cognitive development; we find GABA+ concentrations significantly positively correlate with recognition memory scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Thomson
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Hwa
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Duanghathai Pasanta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hopwood
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Powell
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Lawrence
- Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 1629 Thames Street Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Zeus G Tabuenca
- Department of Statistical Methods, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, 1st Floor, South Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Nicolaas A Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Mancini V, Saleh MG, Delavari F, Bagautdinova J, Eliez S. Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance Underlies Hippocampal Atrophy in Individuals With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome With Psychotic Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:569-579. [PMID: 37011759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal neurotransmitter levels have been reported in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia, leading to a shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance. However, it is unclear whether these alterations predate the onset of clinically relevant symptoms. Our aim was to explore in vivo measures of excitatory/inhibitory balance in 22q11.2 deletion carriers, a population at genetic risk for psychosis. METHODS Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and GABA+ (gamma-aminobutyric acid with macromolecules and homocarnosine) concentrations were estimated in the anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal cortex, and hippocampus using the Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence and the Gannet toolbox in 52 deletion carriers and 42 control participants. T1-weighted images were acquired longitudinally and processed with FreeSurfer version 6 to extract hippocampal volume. Subgroup analyses were conducted in deletion carriers with psychotic symptoms. RESULTS While no differences were found in the anterior cingulate cortex, deletion carriers had higher levels of Glx in the hippocampus and superior temporal cortex and lower levels of GABA+ in the hippocampus than control participants. We additionally found a higher Glx concentration in the hippocampus of deletion carriers with psychotic symptoms. Finally, more pronounced hippocampal atrophy was significantly associated with increased Glx levels in deletion carriers. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in temporal brain structures of deletion carriers, with a further hippocampal Glx increase in individuals with psychotic symptoms that was associated with hippocampal atrophy. These results are in line with theories proposing abnormally enhanced glutamate levels as a mechanistic explanation for hippocampal atrophy via excitotoxicity. Our results highlight a central role of glutamate in the hippocampus of individuals at genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Bagautdinova
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang M, Barker PB, Cascella NG, Coughlin JM, Nestadt G, Nucifora FC, Sedlak TW, Kelly A, Younes L, Geman D, Palaniyappan L, Sawa A, Yang K. Longitudinal changes in brain metabolites in healthy controls and patients with first episode psychosis: a 7-Tesla MRS study. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2018-2029. [PMID: 36732587 PMCID: PMC10394114 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seven Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7T MRS) offers a precise measurement of metabolic levels in the human brain via a non-invasive approach. Studying longitudinal changes in brain metabolites could help evaluate the characteristics of disease over time. This approach may also shed light on how the age of study participants and duration of illness may influence these metabolites. This study used 7T MRS to investigate longitudinal patterns of brain metabolites in young adulthood in both healthy controls and patients. A four-year longitudinal cohort with 38 patients with first episode psychosis (onset within 2 years) and 48 healthy controls was used to examine 10 brain metabolites in 5 brain regions associated with the pathophysiology of psychosis in a comprehensive manner. Both patients and controls were found to have significant longitudinal reductions in glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Only patients were found to have a significant decrease over time in γ-aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl aspartate, myo-inositol, total choline, and total creatine in the ACC. Together we highlight the ACC with dynamic changes in several metabolites in early-stage psychosis, in contrast to the other 4 brain regions that also are known to play roles in psychosis. Meanwhile, glutathione was uniquely found to have a near zero annual percentage change in both patients and controls in all 5 brain regions during a four-year follow-up in young adulthood. Given that a reduction of the glutathione in the ACC has been reported as a feature of treatment-refractory psychosis, this observation further supports the potential of glutathione as a biomarker for this subset of patients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicola G Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frederick C Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Younes
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Geman
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institution, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Veeraiah P, Jansen JFA. Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at Ultra-High-Field: Assessing Human Cerebral Metabolism in Healthy and Diseased States. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040577. [PMID: 37110235 PMCID: PMC10143499 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly energetic organ. Although the brain can consume metabolic substrates, such as lactate, glycogen, and ketone bodies, the energy metabolism in a healthy adult brain mainly relies on glucose provided via blood. The cerebral metabolism of glucose produces energy and a wide variety of intermediate metabolites. Since cerebral metabolic alterations have been repeatedly implicated in several brain disorders, understanding changes in metabolite levels and corresponding cell-specific neurotransmitter fluxes through different substrate utilization may highlight the underlying mechanisms that can be exploited to diagnose or treat various brain disorders. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive tool to measure tissue metabolism in vivo. 1H-MRS is widely applied in research at clinical field strengths (≤3T) to measure mostly high abundant metabolites. In addition, X-nuclei MRS including, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 31P, are also very promising. Exploiting the higher sensitivity at ultra-high-field (>4T; UHF) strengths enables obtaining unique insights into different aspects of the substrate metabolism towards measuring cell-specific metabolic fluxes in vivo. This review provides an overview about the potential role of multinuclear MRS (1H, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 31P) at UHF to assess the cerebral metabolism and the metabolic insights obtained by applying these techniques in both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Scannexus (Ultra-High-Field MRI Center), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Perdue MV, DeMayo MM, Bell TK, Boudes E, Bagshawe M, Harris AD, Lebel C. Changes in brain metabolite levels across childhood. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120087. [PMID: 37080345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites play important roles in brain development and their levels change rapidly in the prenatal period and during infancy. Metabolite levels are thought to stabilize during childhood, but the development of neurochemistry across early-middle childhood remains understudied. We examined the developmental changes of key metabolites (total N-acetylaspartate, tNAA; total choline, tCho; total creatine, tCr; glutamate+glutamine, Glx; and myo-inositol, mI) using short echo-time magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left temporo-parietal cortex (LTP) using a mixed cross-sectional/longitudinal design in children aged 2-11 years (ACC: N=101 children, 112 observations; LTP: N=95 children, 318 observations). We found age-related effects for all metabolites. tNAA increased with age in both regions, while tCho decreased with age in both regions. tCr increased with age in the LTP only, and mI decreased with age in the ACC only. Glx did not show linear age effects in either region, but a follow-up analysis in only participants with ≥3 datapoints in the LTP revealed a quadratic effect of age following an inverted U-shape. These substantial changes in neurochemistry throughout childhood likely underlie various processes of structural and functional brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan V Perdue
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary
| | - Marilena M DeMayo
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education; Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary
| | - Tiffany K Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary
| | | | - Mercedes Bagshawe
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary.
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10
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Cox MF, Hascup ER, Bartke A, Hascup KN. Friend or Foe? Defining the Role of Glutamate in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:929474. [PMID: 35821835 PMCID: PMC9261322 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.929474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a naturally occurring decline of physiological processes and biological pathways that affects both the structural and functional integrity of the body and brain. These physiological changes reduce motor skills, executive function, memory recall, and processing speeds. Aging is also a major risk factor for multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying a biomarker, or biomarkers, that signals the transition from physiological to pathological aging would aid in earlier therapeutic options or interventional strategies. Considering the importance of glutamate signaling in synaptic plasticity, motor movement, and cognition, this neurotransmitter serves as a juncture between cognitive health and disease. This article discusses glutamatergic signaling during physiological aging and the pathological changes observed in AD patients. Findings from studies in mouse models of successful aging and AD are reviewed and provide a biological context for this transition. Finally, current techniques to monitor brain glutamate are highlighted. These techniques may aid in elucidating time-point specific therapeutic windows to modify disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaKayla F. Cox
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin N. Hascup,
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11
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Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Won J, Smith JC. Neurite dispersion and density mediates the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in healthy younger adults. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108207. [PMID: 35259402 PMCID: PMC8985444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with better cognition across the lifespan. However, the neurobiological underpinnings relating fitness and cognition remain unclear, particularly in healthy younger adults. Using a well-established and popular multi-compartment diffusion modeling approach, called Neurite Orientation and Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), we investigated the relationship between physical fitness (measured via a 2-min walk test), cognition (fluid and crystallized), and gray and white matter microstructure, in a large sample (n = 816) of healthy younger adults (ages 22-35 years) from the human connectome project (HCP). Concurrent with previous literature, we found that fitness was positively associated with both fluid and crystallized cognition. Furthermore, we found that physical fitness was negatively associated with white matter orientation dispersion index (ODIWM) around the cerebellar peduncle and was negatively associated with widespread cortical and subcortical gray matter neurite density index (NDIGM). Lower ODIWM of the cerebral peduncle was associated with better fluid cognitive performance, while lower NDIGM was associated with better crystallized cognition. Finally, we found that while ODIWM partially mediated the relationship between fitness and fluid cognition, NDIGM partially mediated the relationship between fitness and crystallized cognition. This study is the first to explore the relationship between physical fitness and white and gray matter microstructure measures using NODDI. Our findings suggest that in addition to improved cognitive performance, higher physical fitness may be associated with lower white matter tract dispersion and lower neurite density in the cortical and subcortical gray matter of healthy younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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12
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Jeon P, Limongi R, Ford SD, Mackinley M, Dempster K, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Progressive Changes in Glutamate Concentration in Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal 7-Tesla MRS Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:sgaa072. [PMID: 34746793 PMCID: PMC8561748 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progressive reduction in glutamatergic transmission has been proposed as an important component of the illness trajectory of schizophrenia. Despite its popularity, to date, this notion has not been convincingly tested in patients in early stages of schizophrenia. In a longitudinal 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), we quantified glutamate at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in 21 participants with a median lifetime antipsychotic exposure of less than 3 days and followed them up after 6 months of treatment. Ten healthy controls were also scanned at 2 time points. While patients had significantly lower overall glutamate levels than healthy controls (F(1,27) = 5.23, P = .03), we did not observe a progressive change of glutamate concentration in patients (F(1,18) = 0.47, P = .50), and the group by time interaction was not significant (F(1,27) = 0.86, P = .36). On average, patients with early psychosis receiving treatment showed a 0.02 mM/y increase, while healthy controls showed a 0.06 mM/y reduction of MRS glutamate levels. Bayesian analysis of our observations does not support early, post-onset glutamate loss in schizophrenia. Interestingly, it provides evidence in favor of a lack of progressive glutamate change in our schizophrenia sample—indicating that the glutamate level at the onset of illness was the best predictor of the levels 6 months after treatment. A more nuanced view of glutamatergic physiology, linked to early cortical maturation, may be required to understand glutamate-mediated dynamics in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Limongi
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina D Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Mackinley
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara Dempster
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, London, Ontario, Canada.,St. Joseph's Health Care, Diagnostic Imaging, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Cooper JA, Nuutinen MR, Lawlor VM, DeVries BAM, Barrick EM, Hossein S, Cole DJ, Leonard CV, Hahn EC, Teer AP, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Ongur D, Jensen JE, Du F, Pizzagalli DA, Treadway MT. Reduced adaptation of glutamatergic stress response is associated with pessimistic expectations in depression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3166. [PMID: 34039978 PMCID: PMC8155144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a significant risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinically, adaptive and maladaptive stress-induced changes in glutamatergic function have been observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we examine stress-induced changes in human mPFC glutamate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in two healthy control samples and a third sample of unmedicated participants with MDD who completed the Maastricht acute stress task, and one sample of healthy control participants who completed a no-stress control manipulation. In healthy controls, we find that the magnitude of mPFC glutamate response to the acute stressor decreases as individual levels of perceived stress increase. This adaptative glutamate response is absent in individuals with MDD and is associated with pessimistic expectations during a 1-month follow-up period. Together, this work shows evidence for glutamatergic adaptation to stress that is significantly disrupted in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elyssa M Barrick
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Shabnam Hossein
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Cole
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Emma C Hahn
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Teer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dost Ongur
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - J Eric Jensen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Treadway
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Neurodevelopment of the incentive network facilitates motivated behaviour from adolescence to adulthood. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118186. [PMID: 34020019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to enhance motivated performance through incentives is crucial to guide and ultimately optimise the outcome of goal-directed behaviour. It remains largely unclear how motivated behaviour and performance develops particularly across adolescence. Here, we used computational fMRI to assess how response speed and its underlying neural circuitry are modulated by reward and loss in a monetary incentive delay paradigm. We demonstrate that maturational fine-tuning of functional coupling within the cortico-striatal incentive circuitry from adolescence to adulthood facilitates the ability to enhance performance selectively for higher subjective values. Additionally, during feedback, we found developmental sex differences of striatal representations of reward prediction errors in an exploratory analysis. Our findings suggest that a reduced capacity to utilise subjective value for motivated behaviour in adolescence is rooted in immature information processing in the incentive system. This indicates that the neurocircuitry for coordination of incentivised, motivated cognitive control acts as a bottleneck for behavioural adjustments in adolescence.
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15
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Tivarus ME, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Murray KD, Venkataraman A, Weber MT, Zhong J, Qiu X, Schifitto G. Mitochondrial toxicity before and after combination antiretroviral therapy, a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102693. [PMID: 34020161 PMCID: PMC8144469 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify, via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on brain metabolites and characterize any possible associations between changes in metabolites, age, blood biomarkers of neuronal damage, functional connectivity and cognitive performance. As cART has dramatically increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected (HIV + ) individuals and unmasked an increase in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, it is still not clear whether cART neurotoxicity contributes to these disorders. We hypothesized a bimodal effect, with early cART treatment of HIV infection decreasing inflammation as measured by MRS metabolites and improving cognitive performance, and chronic exposure to cART contributing to persistence of cognitive impairment via its effect on mitochondrial function. Basal ganglia metabolites, functional connectivity, cognitive scores, as well as plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and tau protein were measured before and after 12 weeks, 1 year and 2 years of cART in a cohort of 50 cART-naïve HIV + subjects and 72 age matched HIV- healthy controls. Glutamate (Glu) levels were lower in the cART naïve patients than in healthy controls and were inversely correlated with plasma levels of NfL. There were no other significant metabolite differences between HIV + and uninfected individuals. Treatment improved Glu levels in HIV+, however, no associations were found between Glu, functional connectivity and cognitive performance. Stable brain metabolites and plasma levels of NfL and Tau over two-years of follow-ups suggest there are no signs of cART neurotoxicity in this relatively young cohort of HIV + individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina E Tivarus
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA.
| | - Yuchuan Zhuang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Kyle D Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Arun Venkataraman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Miriam T Weber
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
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16
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Rashed AA, Ahmad H, Abdul Khalid SK, Rathi DNG. The Potential Use of Sialic Acid From Edible Bird's Nest to Attenuate Mitochondrial Dysfunction by In Vitro Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633303. [PMID: 33912049 PMCID: PMC8072155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is one of the expensive functional foods in herbal medicine. One of the major glyconutrients in EBN is sialic acid, which has a beneficial effect on neurological and intellectual capability in mammals. The aims of this research were to study the effects of sialic acid from EBN on cell viability and to determine its effect on mitochondria membrane potential (MtMP) in Caco-2, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines. Fourteen samples of raw EBN were collected from four different states in Malaysia. The confluency of the epithelial monolayers measurement of the tight junction for all the cell lines was determined using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and the sialic acid uptake study in cell lines was determined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The MTT assay was conducted for cell viability study. The MtMP in cell lines was determined using the Mito Probe JC-1 Assay by flow cytometer analysis. We have recorded a statistically significant difference between the uptake of sialic acid from EBN and the standard solution. A higher amount of sialic acid was absorbed by the cells from extract of EBN compared to the standard solution. The amounts of sialic acid uptake in Caco-2, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines were (0.019 ± 0.001), (0.034 ± 0.006), (0.021 ± 0.002), and (0.025 ± 0.000) µmol/L, respectively. The MTT results indicated that the concentration of sialic acid increased the cell viability and showed no cytotoxicity effects on cell lines when they were exposed to the sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard at all the tested concentrations. The number of active mitochondria was found to be significantly higher in SH-SY5Y cell lines with a 195% increase when treated with sialic acid from EBN. Although many researchers around the globe use SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC for Alzheimer's disease (AD) study, based on our finding, SH-SY5Y was found to be the most suitable cell line for AD study by in vitro works where it has a known relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswir Abd Rashed
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Departments of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Abdul Khalid
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Devi-Nair Gunasegavan Rathi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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17
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Wang M, Hao X, Huang J, Wang K, Shen L, Xu X, Zhang D, Liu M. Hierarchical Structured Sparse Learning for Schizophrenia Identification. Neuroinformatics 2020; 18:43-57. [PMID: 31016571 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-019-09423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) has been widely used for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) based schizophrenia (SZ) diagnosis. However, previous studies usually measure the fALFF within low-frequency fluctuation (from 0.01 to 0.08Hz), which cannot fully cover the complex neural activity pattern in the resting-state brain. In addition, existing studies usually ignore the fact that each specific frequency band can delineate the unique spontaneous fluctuations of neural activities in the brain. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical structured sparse learning method to sufficiently utilize the specificity and complementary structure information across four different frequency bands (from 0.01Hz to 0.25Hz) for SZ diagnosis. The proposed method can help preserve the partial group structures among multiple frequency bands and the specific characters in each frequency band. We further develop an efficient optimization algorithm to solve the proposed objective function. We validate the efficacy of our proposed method on a real SZ dataset. Also, to demonstrate the generality of the method, we apply our proposed method on a subset of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Experimental results on both datasets demonstrate that our proposed method achieves promising performance in brain disease classification, compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoke Hao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiashuang Huang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xijia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Cuypers K, Marsman A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Opportunities for a bimodal approach in human neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117394. [PMID: 32987106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS provides a manner to non-invasively investigate molecular concentrations in the living brain and thus identify metabolites involved in physiological and pathological processes. Particularly the MRS-detectable metabolites glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, are of interest when combining TMS and MRS. TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be applied either as a neuromodulation or neurostimulation tool, specifically targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. The combination of TMS and MRS can be used to evaluate alterations in brain metabolite levels following an interventional TMS protocol such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or paired associative stimulation (PAS). MRS can also be combined with a variety of non-interventional TMS protocols to identify the interplay between brain metabolite levels and measures of excitability or receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation. In this review, we provide an overview of studies performed in healthy and patient populations combining MRS and TMS, both as a measurement tool and as an intervention. TMS and MRS may reveal complementary and comprehensive information on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Potentially, connectivity changes and dedicated network interactions can be probed using the combined TMS-MRS approach. Considering the ongoing technical developments in both fields, combined studies hold future promise for investigations of brain network interactions and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; REVAL Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anouk Marsman
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegård Allé 30, 26500 Hvidovre, Denmark.
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19
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Crofts A, Trotman-Lucas M, Janus J, Kelly M, Gibson CL. A longitudinal, multi-parametric functional MRI study to determine age-related changes in the rodent brain. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116976. [PMID: 32464290 PMCID: PMC7422839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of age-related neurological diseases and cognitive decline increases. To further understand disease-related changes in brain function it is advantageous to examine brain activity changes in healthy aging rodent models to permit mechanistic investigation. Here, we examine the suitability, in rodents, of using a novel, minimally invasive anaesthesia protocol in combination with a functional MRI protocol to assess alterations in neuronal activity due to physiological aging. 11 Wistar Han female rats were studied at 7, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months of age. Under an intravenous infusion of propofol, animals underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) with forepaw stimulation to quantify neurotransmitter activity, and resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification using arterial spin labelling (ASL) to study changes in neurovascular coupling over time. Animals showed a significant decrease in size of the active region with age (P < 0.05). fMRS results showed a significant decrease in glutamate change with stimulation (ΔGlu) with age (P < 0.05), and ΔGlu became negative from 12 months onwards. Global CBF remained constant for the duration of the study. This study shows age related changes in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in rodents that correlate with those seen in humans. The results also suggest that a reduction in synaptic glutamate turnover with age may underlie the reduction in the BOLD response, while CBF is preserved. Describe a novel anaesthetic protocol to examine age-related alterations in neuronal activity in rodents. Size of the BOLD signal in the somatosensory cortex decreased with age. Reduction in glutamate turnover with age. No change in resting CBF with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Crofts
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Melissa Trotman-Lucas
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Justyna Janus
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael Kelly
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire L Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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20
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Korenic SA, Klingaman EA, Wickwire EM, Gaston FE, Chen H, Wijtenburg SA, Rowland LM. Sleep quality is related to brain glutamate and symptom severity in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 120:14-20. [PMID: 31610406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Up to 80% of patients with schizophrenia experience sleep disturbances, which negatively impact daytime functioning. Given that the glutamatergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as well as normal sleep-wake neurobiology, the current project aimed to determine whether sleep quality was related to brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess subjective sleep quality and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to quantify glutamate in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left parietal cortex, and left hippocampus. Results indicate that global PSQI scores were negatively correlated with the anterior cingulate and parietal glutamate levels. In patients with schizophrenia, poorer sleep quality correlated with greater positive symptom severity. Our findings suggest that poor sleep quality is related to greater positive symptom severity and lower levels of anterior cingulate glutamate in individuals with schizophrenia. Interventions to enhance sleep quality may prove beneficial for patients. Future studies will examine whether glutamate relates to objective measures of sleep quality, and whether glutamate may mediate the relationship between sleep quality and symptom severity across the schizophrenia-spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Korenic
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Klingaman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Capitol Health Care Network (VISN 5), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emerson M Wickwire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank E Gaston
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongji Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Volk C, Jaramillo V, Studler M, Furrer M, O'Gorman Tuura RL, Huber R. Diurnal changes in human brain glutamate + glutamine levels in the course of development and their relationship to sleep. Neuroimage 2019; 196:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Kossowski B, Chyl K, Kacprzak A, Bogorodzki P, Jednoróg K. Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5096. [PMID: 30911032 PMCID: PMC6434036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several etiological theories, in particular neuronal noise and impaired auditory sampling, predicted neurotransmission deficits in dyslexia. Neurometabolites also affect white matter microstructure, where abnormalities were previously reported in dyslexia. However findings from only few magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies using diverse age groups, different brain regions, data processing and reference scaling are inconsistent. We used MEGA-PRESS single-voxel spectroscopy in two ROIs: left temporo-parietal and occipital cortex in 36 adults and 52 children, where half in each group had dyslexia. Dyslexics, on average, had significantly lower total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) than controls in the occipital cortex. Adults compared to children were characterized by higher choline and creatine in both areas, higher tNAA in left temporo-parietal and lower glutamate in the visual cortex, reflecting maturational changes in cortical microstructure and metabolism. Although the current findings do not support the proposed etiological theories of dyslexia, they show, for the first time, that tNAA, considered to be a neurochemical correlate of white matter integrity, is deficient in the visual cortex in both children and adults with dyslexia. They also point that several neurotransmitters, including ones previously used as reference, change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kossowski
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland.
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Chyl
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kacprzak
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogorodzki
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Moser P, Hingerl L, Strasser B, Považan M, Hangel G, Andronesi OC, van der Kouwe A, Gruber S, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Whole-slice mapping of GABA and GABA + at 7T via adiabatic MEGA-editing, real-time instability correction, and concentric circle readout. Neuroimage 2019; 184:475-489. [PMID: 30243974 PMCID: PMC7212034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An adiabatic MEscher-GArwood (MEGA)-editing scheme, using asymmetric hyperbolic secant editing pulses, was developed and implemented in a B1+-insensitive, 1D-semiLASER (Localization by Adiabatic SElective Refocusing) MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence for the non-invasive mapping of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) over a whole brain slice. Our approach exploits the advantages of edited-MRSI at 7T while tackling challenges that arise with ultra-high-field-scans. Spatial-spectral encoding, using density-weighted, concentric circle echo planar trajectory readout, enabled substantial MRSI acceleration and an improved point-spread-function, thereby reducing extracranial lipid signals. Subject motion and scanner instabilities were corrected in real-time using volumetric navigators optimized for 7T, in combination with selective reacquisition of corrupted data to ensure robust subtraction-based MEGA-editing. Simulations and phantom measurements of the adiabatic MEGA-editing scheme demonstrated stable editing efficiency even in the presence of ±0.15 ppm editing frequency offsets and B1+ variations of up to ±30% (as typically encountered in vivo at 7T), in contrast to conventional Gaussian editing pulses. Volunteer measurements were performed with and without global inversion recovery (IR) to study regional GABA levels and their underlying, co-edited, macromolecular (MM) signals at 2.99 ppm. High-quality in vivo spectra allowed mapping of pure GABA and MM-contaminated GABA+ (GABA + MM) along with Glx (Glu + Gln), with high-resolution (eff. voxel size: 1.4 cm3) and whole-slice coverage in 24 min scan time. Metabolic ratio maps of GABA/tNAA, GABA+/tNAA, and Glx/tNAA were correlated linearly with the gray matter fraction of each voxel. A 2.15-fold increase in gray matter to white matter contrast was observed for GABA when enabling IR, which we attribute to the higher abundance of macromolecules at 2.99 ppm in the white matter than in the gray matter. In conclusion, adiabatic MEGA-editing with 1D-semiLASER selection is as a promising approach for edited-MRSI at 7T. Our sequence capitalizes on the benefits of ultra-high-field MRSI while successfully mitigating the challenges related to B0/B1+ inhomogeneities, prolonged scan times, and motion/scanner instability artifacts. Robust and accurate 2D mapping has been shown for the neurotransmitters GABA and Glx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michal Považan
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Canfield CA, Bradshaw PC. Amino acids in the regulation of aging and aging-related diseases. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Cichocka M, Bereś A. From fetus to older age: A review of brain metabolic changes across the lifespan. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 46:60-73. [PMID: 29864489 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knowledge of metabolic changes across the lifespan is poorly understood. Thus we systematically reviewed the available literature to determine the changes in brain biochemical composition from fetus to older age and tried to explain them in the context of neural, cognitive, and behavioural changes. METHODS The search identified 1262 articles regarding proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) examinations through December 2017. The following data was extracted: age range of the subjects, number of subjects studied, brain regions studied, MRS sequence used, echo time, MR system, method of statistical analysis, metabolites analyzed, significant differences in metabolites concentrations with age as well as the way of presentation of the results. RESULTS 82 studies that described brain metabolite changes with age were identified. Reports on metabolic changes related to healthy aging were analyzed and discussed among six basic age groups: fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly as well as between groups and during the whole lifetime. DISCUSSION The results presented in the reviewed papers provide evidence that normal aging is associated with a number of metabolic changes characteristic for every period of life. Therefore, it can be concluded that the age matching is essential for comparative studies of disease states using 1H MRS.
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Ryan MC, Kochunov P, Sherman PM, Rowland LM, Wijtenburg SA, Acheson A, Hong LE, Sladky J, McGuire S. Miniature pig magnetic resonance spectroscopy model of normal adolescent brain development. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:173-182. [PMID: 30099002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are developing the miniature pig (Sus scrofa domestica), an in-vivo translational, gyrencephalic model for brain development, as an alternative to laboratory rodents/non-human primates. We analyzed longitudinal changes in adolescent pigs using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and examined the relationship with white matter (WM) integrity derived from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). NEW METHOD Twelve female Sinclair™ pigs underwent three imaging/spectroscopy sessions every 23.95 ± 3.73 days beginning at three months of age using a clinical 3 T scanner. 1H-MRS data were collected using 1.2 × 1.0 × 3.0 cm voxels placed in left and right hemisphere WM using a Point Resolved Spectroscopy sequence (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms). Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol (MI), glutamate + glutamine, choline, creatine, and macromolecules (MM) 09 and 14 were averaged from both hemispheres. DWI data were collected using 15 shells of b-values (b = 0-3500 s/mm2) with 32 directions/shell and fit using the WM Tract Integrity model to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA), kurtosis anisotropy (KA) and permeability-diffusivity index. RESULTS MI and MM09 significantly declined with age. Increased FA and KA significantly correlated with decline in MI and MM09. Correlations lost significance once corrected for age. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS MRI scanners/protocols can be used to collect 1H-MRS and DWI data in pigs. Pigs have a larger, more complex, gyrencephalic brain than laboratory rodents but are less complex than non-human primates, thus satisfying the "replacement" principle of animal research. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal effects in MRS measurements were similar to those reported in adolescent humans. MRS changes correlated with diffusion measurements indicating ongoing WM myelination/maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Paul M Sherman
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States; Department of Radiology, 59thMedical Wing, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Bldg 4551, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78236, United States.
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - John Sladky
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States; Department of Neurology, 59th Medical Wing, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Bldg 4551, Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland AFB, TX, 78236, United States.
| | - Stephen McGuire
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
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Henning A. Proton and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the human brain at ultra-high field strength: A review. Neuroimage 2017; 168:181-198. [PMID: 28712992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) allows for a non-invasive and non-ionizing determination of in vivo tissue concentrations and metabolic turn-over rates of more than 20 metabolites and compounds in the central nervous system of humans. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview about the advantages, challenges and advances of ultra-high field MRS with regard to methodological development, discoveries and applications from its beginnings around 15 years ago up to the current state. The review is limited to human brain and spinal cord application at field strength of 7T and 9.4T and includes all relevant nuclei (1H, 31P, 13C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Henning
- Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
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Suri S, Emir U, Stagg CJ, Near J, Mekle R, Schubert F, Zsoldos E, Mahmood A, Singh-Manoux A, Kivimäki M, Ebmeier KP, Mackay CE, Filippini N. Effect of age and the APOE gene on metabolite concentrations in the posterior cingulate cortex. Neuroimage 2017; 152:509-516. [PMID: 28323160 PMCID: PMC5440729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has provided valuable information about the neurochemical profile of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its clinical utility has been limited in part by the lack of consistent information on how metabolite concentrations vary in the normal aging brain and in carriers of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, an established risk gene for AD. We quantified metabolites within an 8cm3 voxel within the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus in 30 younger (20-40 years) and 151 cognitively healthy older individuals (60-85 years). All 1H-MRS scans were performed at 3T using the short-echo SPECIAL sequence and analyzed with LCModel. The effect of APOE was assessed in a sub-set of 130 volunteers. Older participants had significantly higher myo-inositol and creatine, and significantly lower glutathione and glutamate than younger participants. There was no significant effect of APOE or an interaction between APOE and age on the metabolite profile. Our data suggest that creatine, a commonly used reference metabolite in 1H-MRS studies, does not remain stable across adulthood within this region and therefore may not be a suitable reference in studies involving a broad age-range. Increases in creatine and myo-inositol may reflect age-related glial proliferation; decreases in glutamate and glutathione suggest a decline in synaptic and antioxidant efficiency. Our findings inform longitudinal clinical studies by characterizing age-related metabolite changes in a non-clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Uzay Emir
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Near
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Ralf Mekle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research, Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schubert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Abda Mahmood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, U1018 Villejuif, France
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Filippini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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Houtepen LC, Schür RR, Wijnen JP, Boer VO, Boks MPM, Kahn RS, Joëls M, Klomp DW, Vinkers CH. Acute stress effects on GABA and glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex: A 7T 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:195-200. [PMID: 28180078 PMCID: PMC5280001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that the inhibitory GABA and the excitatory glutamate system are essential for an adequate response to stress. Both GABAergic and glutamatergic brain circuits modulate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity, and stress in turn affects glutamate and GABA levels in the rodent brain. However, studies examining stress-induced GABA and glutamate levels in the human brain are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the influence of acute psychosocial stress (using the Trier Social Stress Test) on glutamate and GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of 29 healthy male individuals using 7 Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In vivo GABA and glutamate levels were measured before and 30 min after exposure to either the stress or the control condition. We found no associations between psychosocial stress or cortisol stress reactivity and changes over time in medial prefrontal glutamate and GABA levels. GABA and glutamate levels over time were significantly correlated in the control condition but not in the stress condition, suggesting that very subtle differential effects of stress on GABA and glutamate across individuals may occur. However, overall, acute psychosocial stress does not appear to affect in vivo medial prefrontal GABA and glutamate levels, at least this is not detectable with current practice 1H-MRS. Psychosocial stress did not alter glutamate and GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex in healthy male individuals. Moreover, cortisol stress reactivity was not associated with medial prefrontal glutamate and GABA level change over time. Together, acute stress does not seem to affect in vivo medial prefrontal 7T MRI GABA and glutamate levels in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Houtepen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R R Schür
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V O Boer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P M Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D W Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Marsman A, Boer VO, Luijten PR, Hulshoff Pol HE, Klomp DWJ, Mandl RCW. Detection of Glutamate Alterations in the Human Brain Using 1H-MRS: Comparison of STEAM and sLASER at 7 T. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:60. [PMID: 28484398 PMCID: PMC5399075 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess reproducibility of glutamate measurement in the human brain by two short echo time (TE) 1H-MRS sequences [stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) and semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER)] at 7 T. Reliable assessment of glutamate is important when studying a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. At 7 T, the glutamate signal can be separated from the glutamine signal and hence more accurately measured as compared to lower field strengths. A sLASER sequence has been developed for 7 T, using field focusing at short TE, resulting in twice as much signal as can be obtained using STEAM and improved localization accuracy due to a decreased chemical shift artifact. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight subjects were scanned twice using both STEAM and sLASER. Data were acquired from the frontal and occipital brain region. Subsequently, intraclass correlations were computed for the estimated metabolite concentrations. RESULTS sLASER has higher ICC's for glutamate concentration as compared to STEAM in both the frontal and occipital VOI, which is probably due to the higher sensitivity and localization accuracy. CONCLUSION We conclude that sLASER 1H-MRS at 7 T is a reliable method to obtain reproducible measures of glutamate levels in the human brain at such high accuracy that individual variability, even between age-matched subjects, is measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Marsman
- Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Boer
- Radiology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Radiology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Radiology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - René C W Mandl
- Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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31
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Považan M, Hangel G, Strasser B, Gruber S, Chmelik M, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Mapping of brain macromolecules and their use for spectral processing of 1 H-MRSI data with an ultra-short acquisition delay at 7 T. Neuroimage 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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32
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Lavreysen H, Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg W, Langlois X, Mackie C, Pype S, Lütjens R, Le Poul E, Trabanco AA, Nuñez JMC. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of JNJ-40411813, a positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu2 receptor. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00096. [PMID: 25692015 PMCID: PMC4317228 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds modulating metabotropic glutamate type 2 (mGlu2) receptor activity may have therapeutic benefits in treating psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and anxiety. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel mGlu2 receptor-positive allosteric modulator (PAM), 1-butyl-3-chloro-4-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone (JNJ-40411813/ADX71149) are described here. JNJ-40411813 acts as a PAM at the cloned mGlu2 receptor: EC50 = 147 ± 42 nmol/L in a [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay with human metabotropic glutamate type 2 (hmGlu2) CHO cells and EC50 = 64 ± 29 nmol/L in a Ca(2+) mobilization assay with hmGlu2 G α16 cotransfected HEK293 cells. [(35)S]GTPγS autoradiography on rat brain slices confirmed PAM activity of JNJ-40411813 on native mGlu2 receptor. JNJ-40411813 displaced [(3)H]JNJ-40068782 and [(3)H]JNJ-46281222 (mGlu2 receptor PAMs), while it failed to displace [(3)H]LY341495 (a competitive mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist). In rats, JNJ-40411813 showed ex vivo mGlu2 receptor occupancy using [(3)H]JNJ-46281222 with ED50 of 16 mg/kg (p.o.). PK-PD modeling using the same radioligand resulted in an EC50 of 1032 ng/mL. While JNJ-40411813 demonstrated moderate affinity for human 5HT2A receptor in vitro (K b = 1.1 μmol/L), higher than expected 5HT2A occupancy was observed in vivo (in rats, ED50 = 17 mg/kg p.o.) due to a metabolite. JNJ-40411813 dose dependently suppressed REM sleep (LAD, 3 mg/kg p.o.), and promoted and consolidated deep sleep. In fed rats, JNJ-40411813 (10 mg/kg p.o.) was rapidly absorbed (C max 938 ng/mL at 0.5 h) with an absolute oral bioavailability of 31%. Collectively, our data show that JNJ-40411813 is an interesting candidate to explore the therapeutic potential of mGlu2 PAMs, in in vivo rodents experiments as well as in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Lavreysen
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerse, Belgium
| | - Abdellah Ahnaou
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerse, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier Langlois
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerse, Belgium
| | - Stefan Pype
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerse, Belgium
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Evers LJM, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Bakker JA, de Koning M, Drukker M, Curfs LMG. Glutamatergic markers, age, intellectual functioning and psychosis in 22q11 deletion syndrome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3319-25. [PMID: 26055684 PMCID: PMC4537490 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) have a high prevalence of intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders, including psychosis. Haplo-insufficiency of genes in the deleted region may offer a partial explanation for the increased vulnerability for psychosis and intellectual disability. One gene of particular interest is the gene coding for proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of proline into glutamate. OBJECTIVES Because abnormalities in glutamatergic signaling are thought to be responsible for cognition and psychosis in the general population, we hypothesized that PRODH haplo-insufficiency may underlie some of the cognitive and psychotic features seen in 22q11DS. METHODS In this explorative study, we investigated the relation between plasma proline, glutamate, and glutamine and age, intelligence, and psychosis in 64 adults with 22q11DS. RESULTS Hyperprolinemia was found in 31.3% of subjects with 22q11DS. A relation between glutamine, glutamate, proline, and presence of psychosis was not observed. Regression analysis revealed a positive relation between plasma glutamate and age, a positive relation of glutamate with antipsychotic drugs, a relation of glutamine and gender, and a positive relation of glutamine and mood stabilizing drugs, and a negative relation of the ratio glutamine/glutamate and age. The group with relatively lower IQ had higher glutamate levels compared to the group with relatively higher IQ. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 22q11DS is accompanied by abnormalities in glutamatergic metabolism. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the glutamatergic system in 22q11DS and how this affects the development of cognitive problems and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens J. M. Evers
- />Koraalgroup, MFCG, Panheelderweg 3, 6097 AH Heel, The Netherlands , />Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Therese A. M. J. van Amelsvoort
- />Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands , />Mondriaan Mental Healthcare, Heerlen, The Netherlands , />Virenze Mental Healthcare, Gronsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Bakker
- />Department Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands , />Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariken de Koning
- />Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands , />Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Drukker
- />Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leopold M. G. Curfs
- />Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands , />Department Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands , />CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands , />GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Toncelli A, Noeske R, Cosottini M, Costagli M, Domenici V, Tiberi G, Tosetti M. STEAM-MiTiS: An MR spectroscopy method for the detection of scalar-coupled metabolites and its application to glutamate at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1515-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Noeske
- MR Applications and Workflow Development; GE Healthcare; Berlin Germany
| | - Mirco Cosottini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
- Fondazione IMAGO7; Pisa Italy
| | - Mauro Costagli
- Fondazione IMAGO7; Pisa Italy
- Laboratorio di Fisica Medica e Biotecnologie per la Risonanza Magnetica IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Pisa Italy
| | - Valentina Domenici
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - Gianluigi Tiberi
- Fondazione IMAGO7; Pisa Italy
- Laboratorio di Fisica Medica e Biotecnologie per la Risonanza Magnetica IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Pisa Italy
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Fondazione IMAGO7; Pisa Italy
- Laboratorio di Fisica Medica e Biotecnologie per la Risonanza Magnetica IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Pisa Italy
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Marsman A, Mandl RC, Klomp DW, Bohlken MM, Boer VO, Andreychenko A, Cahn W, Kahn RS, Luijten PR, Hulshoff Pol HE. GABA and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7 T ¹H-MRS study. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 6:398-407. [PMID: 25379453 PMCID: PMC4218940 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by loss of brain volume, which may represent an ongoing pathophysiological process. This loss of brain volume may be explained by reduced neuropil rather than neuronal loss, suggesting abnormal synaptic plasticity and cortical microcircuitry. A possible mechanism is hypofunction of the NMDA-type of glutamate receptor, which reduces the excitation of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, resulting in a disinhibition of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons. Disinhibition of pyramidal cells may result in excessive stimulation by glutamate, which in turn could cause neuronal damage or death through excitotoxicity. In this study, GABA/creatine ratios, and glutamate, NAA, creatine and choline concentrations in the prefrontal and parieto-occipital cortices were measured in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at an ultra-high magnetic field strength of 7 T. Significantly lower GABA/Cr ratios were found in patients with schizophrenia in the prefrontal cortex as compared to healthy controls, with GABA/Cr ratios inversely correlated with cognitive functioning in the patients. No significant change in the GABA/Cr ratio was found between patients and controls in the parieto-occipital cortex, nor were levels of glutamate, NAA, creatine, and choline differed in patients and controls in the prefrontal and parieto-occipital cortices. Our findings support a mechanism involving altered GABA levels distinguished from glutamate levels in the medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, particularly in high functioning patients. A (compensatory) role for GABA through altered inhibitory neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex may be ongoing in (higher functioning) patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Marsman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René C.W. Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M. Bohlken
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent O. Boer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Andreychenko
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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